fbpx
Wikipedia

Encyclopédie Méthodique

March 03, 2023

The Encyclopédie méthodique par ordre des matières ("Methodical Encyclopedia by Order of Subject Matter") was published between 1782 and 1832 by the French publisher Charles Joseph Panckoucke, his son-in-law Henri Agasse, and the latter's wife, Thérèse-Charlotte Agasse. Arranged by disciplines, it was a revised and much expanded version, in roughly 210 to 216 volumes (different sets were bound differently), of the alphabetically arranged Encyclopédie, edited by Denis Diderot and Jean le Rond d'Alembert. The full title was L'Encyclopédie méthodique ou par ordre de matières par une société de gens de lettres, de savants et d'artistes; précédée d'un vocabulaire universel, servant de table pour tout l'ouvrage, ornée des portraits de MM. Diderot et d'Alembert, premiers éditeurs de l'Encyclopédie.

First page of the Encyclopédie méthodique published in 1782 (Panckoucke, Paris).

Development

Two sets of Diderot's Encyclopédie and its supplements were cut up into articles.[1] Each subject category was entrusted to a specialized editor, whose job was to collect all articles relating to his subject and exclude those belonging to others. Great care was to be taken of those articles that were of a doubtful nature, which were not to be omitted. For certain topics, such as air (which belonged equally to chemistry, physics and medicine), the methodical arrangement had the unexpected effect of breaking up a single article into several parts.[1] Each volume was to have its own introduction, a table of contents, and a history of the Encyclopédie. The whole work was to be linked together by a Vocabulaire universel (Vol. 1 – 4), with references to all locations where each word appears.[1]

The prospectus, issued early in 1782, proposed three editions, each with seven volumes of 250 to 300 plates:[1]

  • 84 volumes;
  • 43 volumes, with 3 columns per page; and
  • 53 volumes of about 100 sheets, with 2 columns per page.

Subscription was priced at:

  • 672 livres from the March 15 to July 1782
  • 751 livres from August 1782 to March 1783; and
  • 888 livres after April 1783.

The livraisons (home-deliveries) were to be in two volumes each, the first (Jurisprudence, Vol. 1; Literature, Vol. 1,) to appear in July 1782, and the whole to be finished by 1787. The number of subscribers, 4072, was so great that the subscription list for the price of 672 livres was closed on April 30. Twenty-five printing offices were employed, and in November 1782, the first livraison (Jurisprudence, Vol. 1; and half volume each of Arts et métiers and Histoire naturelle) was issued.[1][2]

A Spanish prospectus was sent out and obtained 330 Spanish subscribers, with the inquisitor-general at their head.[1]

The complaints of the subscribers and his own heavy advances of over 150,000 livres induced Panckoucke, in November 1788, to appeal to the authors to finish the work. Those who were behind made new contracts, giving their word of honor to put their parts to press by 1788, so that Panckoucke hoped to finish the whole, including the Vocabulaire universel (4 or 5 vols.) by 1792.[1]

Entire topics such as architecture, engineering, hunting, police, and games had been overlooked in the prospectus. A new division was made in 44 parts, to contain 51 dictionaries, and about 124 volumes. Permission was obtained on February 27, 1789 to receive subscriptions for separate dictionaries. Two thousand subscribers were lost in the French Revolution.[1]

The 50th livraison appeared on July 23, 1792, by which time all the dictionaries eventually published had been begun except for seven: Jeux familiers and mathématiques, physics, Art oratoire, physical geography, Chasses and Pèches. On the other hand, eighteen volumes were now finished: Mathématics, games, surgery, ancient and modern geography, history, theology, logic, grammar, jurisprudence, finance, political economy, commerce, marine, military science, academic art, arts and crafts, and Encyclopédiana. Of the three parts of Assemblée Nationale:

  • the History of the Revolution;
  • Debates; and
  • Laws and Decrees;

only volume 2, i.e. "Debates", appeared in 1792, with 804 pages (Absens to Aurillac). Supplements were added to military art in 1797, and to history in 1807, but not to any of the other 16, despite many changes in knowledge by 1832.[1]

The publication was continued by Henri Agasse, Panckoucke's son-in-law, from 1794 to 1813, and then by the latter's widow, Mme Agasse, until 1832, when it was completed in 102 livraisons or 337 parts, forming roughly 166½ volumes of text (depending on how the parts were bound) as well as 51 illustrated parts containing 6,439 plates. The number of pages totalled 124,210 pages, of which 5,458 pages were plates. To save money, the plates belonging to architecture were not published. Pharmacy (separated from chemistry), minerals, education, Ponts et chausses were not published as had been announced.[1]

Many dictionaries have a classed index of articles. The one in Oeconomie politique is an excellent example, giving the contents of each article, so that any passage can be found easily.[1]

When "completed," the encyclopedia suffered at least one great weakness. As the Vocabulaire Universel, the key and index to the entire work, was not published, it was difficult to carry out any research or to find all the articles on any particular subject. The original parts had often been subdivided, and had been so added onto by other dictionaries, supplements, and appendices that an exact account could not be given of the work, which contained 88 alphabets, 83 indexes, 166 introductions, discourses, prefaces, etc. Overall, probably no more an unmanageable body of dictionaries has ever been published, except Jacques Paul Migne's Encyclopédie théologique, Paris, 1844–1875, with 168 volumes, 101 dictionaries, and 119,059 pages.[1]

The Encyclopédie méthodique par ordre des matières occupied a thousand workers in production, and 2,250 contributors.

Translations

Ten volumes of a Spanish translation with a volume of plates were published at Madrid in 1806:[1]

  • Historia natural, Vol. 1-2
  • Grammatica, Vol. 1
  • Arte militar, Vol. 1-2
  • Geografia, Vol. 1-3
  • Fabricas, Vol. 1-2
  • Plates, Vol. 1

A French edition was printed at Padua, with the plates, very carefully engraved.[1]

Details of encyclopedia format

The division adopted was:

The largest dictionaries were:[1]

  • Zoology: 13,645 pages, 1206 plates (7 vols.);
  • Botany: 12,002 pages, 1,000 plates (34 only of cryptogamic plants);
  • Medicine: 10,330 pages (13 vols.);
  • Geography: 9,090 pages, 193 maps and plates (3 vols. and 2 atlases);
  • Jurisprudence (with police and municipalities): 7,607 pages (10 vols.); and
  • Anatomy (not a dictionary but a series of systematic treatises): 2,866 pages (4 vols.).

Partial list of contributors

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o   One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Encyclopaedia". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 9 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 381.
  2. ^ Evenhuis, N.L. (2003) Dating and publication of the Encyclopédie Méthodique (1782–1832), with special reference to the parts of the Histoire Naturelle and details on the Histoire Naturelle des Insectes. Zootaxa 166: 1-48.

External links

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Encyclopédie méthodique.
  • Encyclopédie méthodique: botanique /Par m. le chevalier de Lamarck. At: Biodiversity Heritage Library
  • Encyclopédie méthodique at Wikisource(french)

March 03, 2023
encyclopédie, méthodique, encyclopédie, méthodique, ordre, matières, methodical, encyclopedia, order, subject, matter, published, between, 1782, 1832, french, publisher, charles, joseph, panckoucke, henri, agasse, latter, wife, thérèse, charlotte, agasse, arra. The Encyclopedie methodique par ordre des matieres Methodical Encyclopedia by Order of Subject Matter was published between 1782 and 1832 by the French publisher Charles Joseph Panckoucke his son in law Henri Agasse and the latter s wife Therese Charlotte Agasse Arranged by disciplines it was a revised and much expanded version in roughly 210 to 216 volumes different sets were bound differently of the alphabetically arranged Encyclopedie edited by Denis Diderot and Jean le Rond d Alembert The full title was L Encyclopedie methodique ou par ordre de matieres par une societe de gens de lettres de savants et d artistes precedee d un vocabulaire universel servant de table pour tout l ouvrage ornee des portraits de MM Diderot et d Alembert premiers editeurs de l Encyclopedie First page of the Encyclopedie methodique published in 1782 Panckoucke Paris Contents 1 Development 2 Translations 3 Details of encyclopedia format 4 Partial list of contributors 5 References 6 External linksDevelopment EditTwo sets of Diderot s Encyclopedie and its supplements were cut up into articles 1 Each subject category was entrusted to a specialized editor whose job was to collect all articles relating to his subject and exclude those belonging to others Great care was to be taken of those articles that were of a doubtful nature which were not to be omitted For certain topics such as air which belonged equally to chemistry physics and medicine the methodical arrangement had the unexpected effect of breaking up a single article into several parts 1 Each volume was to have its own introduction a table of contents and a history of the Encyclopedie The whole work was to be linked together by a Vocabulaire universel Vol 1 4 with references to all locations where each word appears 1 The prospectus issued early in 1782 proposed three editions each with seven volumes of 250 to 300 plates 1 84 volumes 43 volumes with 3 columns per page and 53 volumes of about 100 sheets with 2 columns per page Subscription was priced at 672 livres from the March 15 to July 1782 751 livres from August 1782 to March 1783 and 888 livres after April 1783 The livraisons home deliveries were to be in two volumes each the first Jurisprudence Vol 1 Literature Vol 1 to appear in July 1782 and the whole to be finished by 1787 The number of subscribers 4072 was so great that the subscription list for the price of 672 livres was closed on April 30 Twenty five printing offices were employed and in November 1782 the first livraison Jurisprudence Vol 1 and half volume each of Arts et metiers and Histoire naturelle was issued 1 2 A Spanish prospectus was sent out and obtained 330 Spanish subscribers with the inquisitor general at their head 1 The complaints of the subscribers and his own heavy advances of over 150 000 livres induced Panckoucke in November 1788 to appeal to the authors to finish the work Those who were behind made new contracts giving their word of honor to put their parts to press by 1788 so that Panckoucke hoped to finish the whole including the Vocabulaire universel 4 or 5 vols by 1792 1 Entire topics such as architecture engineering hunting police and games had been overlooked in the prospectus A new division was made in 44 parts to contain 51 dictionaries and about 124 volumes Permission was obtained on February 27 1789 to receive subscriptions for separate dictionaries Two thousand subscribers were lost in the French Revolution 1 The 50th livraison appeared on July 23 1792 by which time all the dictionaries eventually published had been begun except for seven Jeux familiers and mathematiques physics Art oratoire physical geography Chasses and Peches On the other hand eighteen volumes were now finished Mathematics games surgery ancient and modern geography history theology logic grammar jurisprudence finance political economy commerce marine military science academic art arts and crafts and Encyclopediana Of the three parts of Assemblee Nationale the History of the Revolution Debates and Laws and Decrees only volume 2 i e Debates appeared in 1792 with 804 pages Absens to Aurillac Supplements were added to military art in 1797 and to history in 1807 but not to any of the other 16 despite many changes in knowledge by 1832 1 The publication was continued by Henri Agasse Panckoucke s son in law from 1794 to 1813 and then by the latter s widow Mme Agasse until 1832 when it was completed in 102 livraisons or 337 parts forming roughly 166 volumes of text depending on how the parts were bound as well as 51 illustrated parts containing 6 439 plates The number of pages totalled 124 210 pages of which 5 458 pages were plates To save money the plates belonging to architecture were not published Pharmacy separated from chemistry minerals education Ponts et chausses were not published as had been announced 1 Many dictionaries have a classed index of articles The one in Oeconomie politique is an excellent example giving the contents of each article so that any passage can be found easily 1 When completed the encyclopedia suffered at least one great weakness As the Vocabulaire Universel the key and index to the entire work was not published it was difficult to carry out any research or to find all the articles on any particular subject The original parts had often been subdivided and had been so added onto by other dictionaries supplements and appendices that an exact account could not be given of the work which contained 88 alphabets 83 indexes 166 introductions discourses prefaces etc Overall probably no more an unmanageable body of dictionaries has ever been published except Jacques Paul Migne s Encyclopedie theologique Paris 1844 1875 with 168 volumes 101 dictionaries and 119 059 pages 1 The Encyclopedie methodique par ordre des matieres occupied a thousand workers in production and 2 250 contributors Translations EditTen volumes of a Spanish translation with a volume of plates were published at Madrid in 1806 1 Historia natural Vol 1 2 Grammatica Vol 1 Arte militar Vol 1 2 Geografia Vol 1 3 Fabricas Vol 1 2 Plates Vol 1A French edition was printed at Padua with the plates very carefully engraved 1 Details of encyclopedia format EditThe division adopted was 01 Mathematics 02 Physics 03 Medicine 04 Anatomy and Physiology 05 Surgery 06 Chemistry metallurgy and pharmacy 07 Agriculture 08 Natural history of animals Zoology in six parts 09 Botany 10 Minerals 11 Physical geography 12 Ancient and modern geography 13 Antiquities 14 History 15 Theology 16 Philosophy 17 Metaphysics logic and morality 18 Grammar and literature 19 Law 20 Finance 21 Political economy 22 Commerce 23 Marine 24 Art militaire 25 Fine arts 26 Arts and craftsThe largest dictionaries were 1 Zoology 13 645 pages 1206 plates 7 vols Botany 12 002 pages 1 000 plates 34 only of cryptogamic plants Medicine 10 330 pages 13 vols Geography 9 090 pages 193 maps and plates 3 vols and 2 atlases Jurisprudence with police and municipalities 7 607 pages 10 vols and Anatomy not a dictionary but a series of systematic treatises 2 866 pages 4 vols Partial list of contributors EditJean Guillaume Audinet Serville insects Pierre Joseph Bonnaterre cetaceans mammals birds reptiles amphibians and insects Jean Nicolas Demeunier U S A Antoine Francois Fourcroy insects Felix Edouard Guerin Meneville insects Jean Baptiste Godart insects Christian Hee Hwass molluscs Thomas Jefferson U S A Jean Baptiste Lamarck botany Philippe Petit Radel surgery Philippe Isidore Picot de Lapeyrouse birds Guillaume Antoine Olivier insects Pierre Andre Latreille invertebrates insects Amedee Louis Michel le Peletier comte de Saint Fargeau insects Louis Bernard Guyton de Morveau chemistry Antoine Chrysostome Quatremere de Quincy architecture Jean Marie Roland vicomte de la Platiere commerce Jacques de Seve artwork Jacques Andre NaigeonReferences Edit a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain Chisholm Hugh ed 1911 Encyclopaedia Encyclopaedia Britannica Vol 9 11th ed Cambridge University Press p 381 Evenhuis N L 2003 Dating and publication of the Encyclopedie Methodique 1782 1832 with special reference to the parts of the Histoire Naturelle and details on the Histoire Naturelle des Insectes Zootaxa 166 1 48 External links Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to Encyclopedie methodique Cambridge University Library s Featured Book page Encyclopedie methodique botanique Par m le chevalier de Lamarck At Biodiversity Heritage Library Encyclopedie methodique at Wikisource french Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Encyclopedie Methodique amp oldid 1117981968, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

article

, read, download, free, free download, mp3, video, mp4, 3gp, jpg, jpeg, gif, png, picture, music, song, movie, book, game, games.