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Elohim City, Oklahoma

March 31, 2023

Elohim City[Note 1] (also known as Elohim City Inc.[1] and Elohim Village) is a private community in Adair County, Oklahoma, United States. The 400 acres (1.6 km2) rural retreat was founded in 1973 by Robert G. Millar, a Canadian immigrant, former Mennonite and an important leader in America's Christian Identity movement, a theology common to an assortment of right-wing extremist groups.[2][3] The community gained national attention for its ties to members of The Order in the 1980s and with convicted Oklahoma City bomber Timothy McVeigh in the 1990s.[2][4]

Elohim City, Oklahoma
Private community
A sign warning intruders away from the enclave
Elohim City, Oklahoma
Elohim City, Oklahoma
Coordinates: 35°38′30″N 94°30′52″W / 35.64167°N 94.51444°W / 35.64167; -94.51444Coordinates: 35°38′30″N 94°30′52″W / 35.64167°N 94.51444°W / 35.64167; -94.51444
Country United States
State Oklahoma
CountyAdair
Founded1973
Founded byRobert G. Millar
Government
 • LeaderJohn Millar
Area
 • Total200 ha (400 acres)
Time zoneUTC-6 (Central (CST))
 • Summer (DST)UTC-5 (CDT)
ZIP Code
74960
Area codes918, 539

The enclave consists of approximately one dozen structures, some of them mobile homes, while others are modernistic dome houses. The center of activity is the church-community center, where residents meet for hour-long sessions each morning.[5]

Robert G. Millar died on May 28, 2001.[6] After his death, his second-oldest son, John Millar, became the leader of Elohim City.[7][2] John Millar died on February 28, 2019.[8]

History

Robert G. Millar
Born
Robert Grant Millar

(1925-08-16)August 16, 1925
Kitchener, Ontario, Canada
DiedMay 28, 2001(2001-05-28) (aged 75)
Elohim City, Oklahoma, U.S.
NationalityCanadian
Other names
  • Grandpa Millar
  • Rev. Millar
Occupations
Children8

Millar emigrated from Kitchener, Ontario, in the 1950s to Oklahoma City, where he established a church.[2] In the mid-1960s, Millar moved to Maryland, where he ran an evangelical camp near Ellicott City,[7] located in Howard County on Frederick Road about one mile (1.6 km) west of US Route 29, at the former location of St. Charles College, a Catholic minor seminary destroyed by fire in 1911.[9][Note 2]

In 1973, Millar returned to Oklahoma with around 18 followers, some of whom were related to him by birth or marriage, to found Elohim City.[7]

Criminal events

In 1986, a Canadian woman and her children sought refuge in the city, contravening a court order awarding custody of the children to her husband. Officers attempting to arrest the woman were met by an armed man.[7]

By the mid-1990s, four members of the Aryan Republican Army (Michael William Brescia, Kevin McCarthy, Scott Stedeford, and Mark Thomas) were residents of Elohim City. Brescia was engaged to Millar's step-granddaughter and stayed in the city for almost two years.[7] Between 1994 and 1995, these four, together with other members of the ARA (known by the media as the Midwest Bank Robbers), were responsible for a series of 22 bank robberies totaling over $250,000 in the American Midwest, which they used to finance white supremacist causes. Millar denied any knowledge of the robberies.[7] It is believed that the ARA may have also recruited members at Elohim City and/or may have sent recruits to Elohim City for "re-education." Reports also indicate that Elohim City may have provided ARA with training grounds and assisted them in distributing monies received from other groups.[10] The Mueller family, who were brief residents of Elohim City, reportedly left the compound in fear they would be assassinated by the ARA. The Muellers were supposedly privy to information connecting the ARA to the Oklahoma City bombing. The Mueller family were soon after tortured and assassinated by Chevie Kehoe and Daniel Lewis Lee under the direction of the ARA.[10]

The remains of former Elohim City guest Richard Snell were released to Elohim City residents following his April 19, 1995, execution in Arkansas. Snell taunted jailers that something drastic would happen on the day of his execution. The Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building was destroyed by explosives in the hours before he died. Earlier criminal proceedings had produced evidence that Snell and other affiliates had visited the Murrah Building to examine it as a possible bombing target in 1983.[11] However, when Snell watched televised reports of the Oklahoma City bombing prior to his execution, according to Millar, who was with Snell at the time, Snell was appalled by what he saw.[11] This contrasts with reports that he was seen nodding in agreement while watching the broadcast.[11]

McVeigh is known to have telephoned Elohim City two weeks before the bombing of the Murrah building.[2]

In 2008 an Adair County man, who had been evicted from Elohim City, was charged with threatening to commit violence against several Elohim City residents.[12][13] He was acquitted in 2009 following a two-day jury trial in which he represented himself.[14]

Customs and ideology

The town is run by a board of directors whose members are called "elders".[15] The residents believe in, and advocate, white supremacism.[5] Polygamy was acceptable at one time.[16]

In an interview with The Oklahoman, Millar asserted that if anyone, including government agents, were to come to Elohim City to commit criminal acts, the community would defend itself.[17]

Income

According to Robert Millar, Elohim City operates a small sawmill and trucking enterprise on its property. Millar's son, Bruce, owns a fleet of motor-freight rigs that he leases to National Carriers Inc., a hauling company that transports general commodities and hazardous materials.[18][19]

Religion

See also: Christian Identity

Elohim City's particular brand of faith draws heavily from the Old Testament. The community's residents attend daily religious services and singing and dancing play a large role in the ceremonies. Religious services are held in a meeting center with a domed roof made of polyurethane.[15] However, Saturday is the community's day of rest. An estimated 60% of the community's residents attend these daily 1-2 hour meetings, where they also make announcements or discuss community and family business.[20]

Robert G. Miller declared that the CSA leader James Ellison was a "prophet full of vision" who would unite the attending groups so they could do battle with the so-called Zionist Occupied Government.[10]

Law enforcement investigations

The US government has monitored the private community since the 1980s due to its alliance with various white supremacist groups and members of the Aryan Nations.[21]

Prior to July 1995, FBI informant Richard Schrum was sent to infiltrate Elohim City but was unable to find anything illegal on the compound.[22][23]

Sometime before the Oklahoma City bombing, federal officials had planned to raid Elohim City. As a precaution, police scanners were monitored by the community and spotters were on the lookout to advise them of approaching suspect vehicular traffic. During this time, Millar also noted an increase in flights over Elohim City. [24]

Alleged illegal activities

An unnamed source disclosed in a 1995 FBI report has stated that Elohim City received approximately 96 yards of concrete that had been transported via 122 truckloads from a local concrete company. While the anonymous individual was uncertain of what the purpose of the concrete was, additional sources have indicated the existence of bunkers and weapon storage facilities on the Elohim City compound. This same FBI document noted that a number of sources have alleged that the community had been generating income through the sale of illegal drugs, produced and grown on the compound.[19]

Author David Hoffman claims in his 1998 book The Oklahoma City Bombing and the Politics of Terror that at one time, law enforcement officials had received reports that the compound was believed to be generating income through the sale of illegal drugs. Additionally, he states that an unnamed source who was "familiar with the community" had revealed to him about an incident when resident Bruce Millar (a son of Robert Millar) was supposedly "strung out" on methamphetamine.[25][26]

Residents

The total population of Elohim City is unknown. It was estimated to be between 70 and 90 in the 1990s.[20][27][2]

Millar family

In 2015, it was estimated that there were about 100 residents, most of them descendants of Robert Millar.[28] Robert Millar had a total of eight children.[27] His four sons all live at Elohim City.[2]

  • Dorcas Millar - The wife of John Millar.[29]
  • Esther Millar - Robert Millar's granddaughter who was engaged to Mike Brescia[citation needed]
  • Lorraine Allen Millar - the late wife of Elohim City's founder, Robert Millar.[30]

Other residents

Other individuals who either stayed or lived at Elohim City (some which later appeared in national news) include:

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Elohim is a Hebrew word usually translated as "God", sometimes "Gods" because in Hebrew most plural masculine nouns end in –im.
  2. ^ The area, which was rural until the 1980s, has since been developed into a suburban housing community. The ruins of the seminary's recreation hall are now located in the middle of Terra Maria Way circle (39°17′16″N 76°53′15″W / 39.287713°N 76.887635°W / 39.287713; -76.887635 (EllicottCity)). See [1] 2012-04-26 at the Wayback Machine and [2] 2012-04-26 at the Wayback Machine

Citations

  1. ^ "Court documents" (PDF). cases.justia.com. Retrieved 2020-05-23.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h Hastings, Deborah (February 23, 1997). "Elohim City on Extremists' Underground Railroad". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved February 10, 2022.
  3. ^ Shook, Somer; Wesley Delano; Robert W. Balch‌ (April 1999). "Elohim City: A Participant-Observer Study of a Christian Identity Community". Nova Religio. 2 (2): 245–265. doi:10.1525/nr.1999.2.2.245. ISSN 1541-8480. JSTOR 10.1525/nr.1999.2.2.245.
  4. ^ Clay, Nolan (July 10, 2005). "Elohim City questions resurrected by Nichols". The Oklahoman. Retrieved February 10, 2022.
  5. ^ a b Richard W. Break (1985-06-23). "Mountaintop Religious Retreat Armed Against Outside World". The Oklahoman. Retrieved 2022-02-10.
  6. ^ "Changing of the Guard: Racist patriarch dies in Oklahoma". Intelligence Report. Southern Poverty Law Center (103). Fall 2001. Retrieved January 5, 2012.
  7. ^ a b c d e f g h i "Elohim City -- Extremism in America". ADL.org. Anti-Defamation League. Retrieved December 31, 2011.
  8. ^ "JOHN JAMES MILLAR". Vian News.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  9. ^ Charles Belfoure, "Outside Baltimore, a Reach Back to the 19th Century", The New York Times, December 12, 1999.
  10. ^ a b c Pre-Incident Indicators of Terrorist Activities (PIITA), J. William Fulbright College of Arts & Sciences, Sociology & Criminology. May, 2006.
  11. ^ a b c Thomas, Jo (20 May 1995). "Oklahoma City Building Was Target Of Plot as Early as '83, Official Says". The New York Times.
  12. ^ Gibbons, Bob (September 25, 2008). "Area man charged with making threats". Talequah Daily Press. Retrieved February 10, 2022.
  13. ^ Gibbons, Bob (January 23, 2009). "Stone to be tried for threats against compound". Talequah Daily Press. Retrieved February 10, 2022.
  14. ^ Gibbons, Bob (October 8, 2009). "Jury acquits area man of threats to Elohim City group". Talequah Daily Press. Retrieved February 10, 2022.
  15. ^ a b "Tiny Adair County Community of Elohim City "Centered' on God". The Oklahoman. 1982-04-11. Retrieved 2019-02-01.
  16. ^ "Changing of the Guard | Southern Poverty Law Center". Splcenter.org. 2001-08-29. Retrieved 2019-02-01.
  17. ^ Robby Trammell (1995-05-25). "Elohim City Leader Blames "Lunatic Fringe" for Blast". The Oklahoman. Retrieved 2022-02-10.
  18. ^ "Elohim City on Extremists' Underground Railroad". Los Angeles Times. February 23, 1997.
  19. ^ a b c "Legacy" (PDF). www.motherjones.com. 1995. Retrieved 2020-05-23.
  20. ^ a b "Elohim City Residents Enjoy Separate Lifestyle, Religion". The Oklahoman. 1993-12-19. Retrieved 2022-02-10.
  21. ^ "White separatist head, 75, dies in Fort Smith". The Oklahoman. 2001-06-01. Retrieved 2022-02-10.
  22. ^ Brent L. Smith (2011). Pre-Incident Indicators of Terrorist Incidents: The Identification of Behavioral, Geographic and Temporal Patterns of Preparatory Conduct. DIANE Publishing. p. 138. ISBN 978-1-4379-3061-0.
  23. ^ Robby Trammell (1995-11-14). "Self-Proclaimed Prophet Admits Building Explosive". The Oklahoman. Retrieved 2022-02-10.
  24. ^ "VI. PRIOR WARNING, ATF INFORMANTS, AND POSSIBLE "OTHERS UNKNOWN." McVEIGH PETITION FOR WRIT OF MANDAMUS - MARCH 25, 1997". Fas.org. Retrieved 2019-02-01.
  25. ^ "The Oklahoma City Bombing and the Politics of Terror, by David Hoffman | The Online Books Page". Onlinebooks.library.upenn.edu. Retrieved 2019-02-01.
  26. ^ Hoffman, David (1998). The Oklahoma City Bombing and the Politics of Terror. ISBN 0922915490.
  27. ^ a b "Elohim City". Adl.org. 2013-06-24. Retrieved 2019-02-01.
  28. ^ Thomas, Judy (2015-04-26). "Little Has Changed At Elohim City, Including The Beliefs Of The Residents". www.flatlandkc.com. Flatland. Retrieved January 14, 2019.
  29. ^ . www.robertsreedculverfuneraldirectors.com. Archived from the original on 2018-12-19.
  30. ^ "In Memory of Lorraine Allen MacMillar". Fmfsinc.com. Retrieved 2019-02-01.
  31. ^ Gypsy Hogan (1984-03-11). "Elohim "Manifesting God's Word in Shoe Leather'". The Oklahoman. Retrieved 2022-02-10.
  32. ^ Niebuhr (1995).
  33. ^ Martin Durham (13 November 2007). White Rage: The Extreme Right and American Politics. Routledge. p. 56. ISBN 978-1-134-23181-2.
  34. ^ False Patriots: The Threat of Antigovernment Extremists. DIANE Publishing. 1996. p. 50. ISBN 978-0-7881-3132-5.
  35. ^ . October 26, 2012. Archived from the original on 2012-10-26.
  36. ^ Linder, Douglas O. (2006). . Archived from the original on February 23, 2011. Retrieved December 31, 2011.
  37. ^ "Q&A: What really happened: The official version, the conspiracy theories and the evidence surrounding the Oklahoma bombing". Conspiracy Files. BBC News. March 2, 2007. Retrieved January 2, 2012.
  38. ^ Patrick Casey (1995-11-13). "Alleged Bomb Plot Confuses Elohim Leader". The Oklahoman. Retrieved 2022-02-10.
  39. ^ "Combating hate" (PDF). www.adl.org. Retrieved 2020-05-23.
  40. ^ Thomas, Jo (March 29, 1998). "Killings Illuminate Culture of White Supremacists". New York Times.
  41. ^ "Elohim City".
  42. ^ "Building BeenVerified Report". Beenverified.com. Retrieved 2019-02-01.
  43. ^ "Key Wants Focus Returned to Elohim City". The Oklahoman. 1998-03-09. Retrieved 2022-02-10.
  44. ^ "Bomb Inquiry Figure's Widow Shares Findings". The Oklahoman. March 12, 1998. Retrieved February 10, 2022.
  45. ^ "Harrison-L-La-tour - User Trees - Genealogy.com". www.genealogy.com.

References

  • Niebuhr, Gustav (May 22, 1995). "A Vision of an Apocalypse: The Religion of the Far Right". The New York Times. Retrieved 2019-02-01.

Further reading

  • Atkins, Stephen E. (2011). Encyclopedia of Right-Wing Extremism in Modern American History. ABC-CLIO. ISBN 978-1-59884-350-7.
  • Chapman, Lee Roy; Kline, Joshua (April 15, 2012). "Who's Afraid of Elohim City?". This Land. This Land Press.
  • Copeland, Thomas E. (2007). Fool Me Twice: Intelligence Failure and Mass Casualty Terrorism. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. ISBN 978-90-04-15845-0.
  • Graff, James L.; Cole, Patrick E.; Shannon, Elaine (February 24, 1997). . Time. Archived from the original on November 17, 2007. Retrieved March 13, 2012.
  • Hamm, Mark S. (2002). In Bad Company: America's Terrorist Underground. University Press of New England. ISBN 978-1-55553-492-9.
  • Jones, Stephen; Israel, Peter (2001). Others Unknown: Timothy McVeigh and the Oklahoma City Bombing Conspiracy. PublicAffairs. ISBN 978-1-58648-098-1.
  • Malcomson, Scott L. (2001). One Drop of Blood: The American Misadventure of Race. Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-374-52794-5.
  • Quarles, Chester L. (2004). Christian Identity: The Aryan American Bloodline Religion. McFarland. ISBN 978-0-7864-1892-3.
  • Simi, Pete; Futrell, Robert (2010). American Swastika: Inside the White Power Movement's Hidden Spaces of Hate. Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN 978-1-4422-0208-5.
  • Wright, Stuart A. (2007). Patriots, Politics, and the Oklahoma City Bombing. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-87264-5.
  • Zeskind, Leonard (2009). Blood and Politics: The History of the White Nationalist Movement from the Margins to the Mainstream. Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-374-10903-5.

External links

  •   Media related to Elohim City, Oklahoma at Wikimedia Commons
  • Anti-Defamation League profile of Elohim City

March 31, 2023
elohim, city, oklahoma, elohim, city, note, also, known, elohim, city, elohim, village, private, community, adair, county, oklahoma, united, states, acres, rural, retreat, founded, 1973, robert, millar, canadian, immigrant, former, mennonite, important, leader. Elohim City Note 1 also known as Elohim City Inc 1 and Elohim Village is a private community in Adair County Oklahoma United States The 400 acres 1 6 km2 rural retreat was founded in 1973 by Robert G Millar a Canadian immigrant former Mennonite and an important leader in America s Christian Identity movement a theology common to an assortment of right wing extremist groups 2 3 The community gained national attention for its ties to members of The Order in the 1980s and with convicted Oklahoma City bomber Timothy McVeigh in the 1990s 2 4 Elohim City OklahomaPrivate communityA sign warning intruders away from the enclaveElohim City OklahomaShow map of OklahomaElohim City OklahomaShow map of the United StatesCoordinates 35 38 30 N 94 30 52 W 35 64167 N 94 51444 W 35 64167 94 51444 Coordinates 35 38 30 N 94 30 52 W 35 64167 N 94 51444 W 35 64167 94 51444Country United StatesState OklahomaCountyAdairFounded1973Founded byRobert G MillarGovernment LeaderJohn MillarArea Total200 ha 400 acres Time zoneUTC 6 Central CST Summer DST UTC 5 CDT ZIP Code74960Area codes918 539The enclave consists of approximately one dozen structures some of them mobile homes while others are modernistic dome houses The center of activity is the church community center where residents meet for hour long sessions each morning 5 Robert G Millar died on May 28 2001 6 After his death his second oldest son John Millar became the leader of Elohim City 7 2 John Millar died on February 28 2019 8 Contents 1 History 1 1 Criminal events 2 Customs and ideology 3 Income 4 Religion 5 Law enforcement investigations 5 1 Alleged illegal activities 6 Residents 6 1 Millar family 6 2 Other residents 7 See also 8 Notes 9 Citations 10 References 11 Further reading 12 External linksHistory EditThis section needs expansion You can help by adding to it October 2022 Robert G MillarBornRobert Grant Millar 1925 08 16 August 16 1925Kitchener Ontario CanadaDiedMay 28 2001 2001 05 28 aged 75 Elohim City Oklahoma U S NationalityCanadianOther namesGrandpa MillarRev MillarOccupationsReligious leaderministerChildren8Millar emigrated from Kitchener Ontario in the 1950s to Oklahoma City where he established a church 2 In the mid 1960s Millar moved to Maryland where he ran an evangelical camp near Ellicott City 7 located in Howard County on Frederick Road about one mile 1 6 km west of US Route 29 at the former location of St Charles College a Catholic minor seminary destroyed by fire in 1911 9 Note 2 In 1973 Millar returned to Oklahoma with around 18 followers some of whom were related to him by birth or marriage to found Elohim City 7 Criminal events Edit In 1986 a Canadian woman and her children sought refuge in the city contravening a court order awarding custody of the children to her husband Officers attempting to arrest the woman were met by an armed man 7 By the mid 1990s four members of the Aryan Republican Army Michael William Brescia Kevin McCarthy Scott Stedeford and Mark Thomas were residents of Elohim City Brescia was engaged to Millar s step granddaughter and stayed in the city for almost two years 7 Between 1994 and 1995 these four together with other members of the ARA known by the media as the Midwest Bank Robbers were responsible for a series of 22 bank robberies totaling over 250 000 in the American Midwest which they used to finance white supremacist causes Millar denied any knowledge of the robberies 7 It is believed that the ARA may have also recruited members at Elohim City and or may have sent recruits to Elohim City for re education Reports also indicate that Elohim City may have provided ARA with training grounds and assisted them in distributing monies received from other groups 10 The Mueller family who were brief residents of Elohim City reportedly left the compound in fear they would be assassinated by the ARA The Muellers were supposedly privy to information connecting the ARA to the Oklahoma City bombing The Mueller family were soon after tortured and assassinated by Chevie Kehoe and Daniel Lewis Lee under the direction of the ARA 10 The remains of former Elohim City guest Richard Snell were released to Elohim City residents following his April 19 1995 execution in Arkansas Snell taunted jailers that something drastic would happen on the day of his execution The Alfred P Murrah Federal Building was destroyed by explosives in the hours before he died Earlier criminal proceedings had produced evidence that Snell and other affiliates had visited the Murrah Building to examine it as a possible bombing target in 1983 11 However when Snell watched televised reports of the Oklahoma City bombing prior to his execution according to Millar who was with Snell at the time Snell was appalled by what he saw 11 This contrasts with reports that he was seen nodding in agreement while watching the broadcast 11 McVeigh is known to have telephoned Elohim City two weeks before the bombing of the Murrah building 2 In 2008 an Adair County man who had been evicted from Elohim City was charged with threatening to commit violence against several Elohim City residents 12 13 He was acquitted in 2009 following a two day jury trial in which he represented himself 14 Customs and ideology EditThe town is run by a board of directors whose members are called elders 15 The residents believe in and advocate white supremacism 5 Polygamy was acceptable at one time 16 In an interview with The Oklahoman Millar asserted that if anyone including government agents were to come to Elohim City to commit criminal acts the community would defend itself 17 Income EditAccording to Robert Millar Elohim City operates a small sawmill and trucking enterprise on its property Millar s son Bruce owns a fleet of motor freight rigs that he leases to National Carriers Inc a hauling company that transports general commodities and hazardous materials 18 19 Religion EditSee also Christian Identity Elohim City s particular brand of faith draws heavily from the Old Testament The community s residents attend daily religious services and singing and dancing play a large role in the ceremonies Religious services are held in a meeting center with a domed roof made of polyurethane 15 However Saturday is the community s day of rest An estimated 60 of the community s residents attend these daily 1 2 hour meetings where they also make announcements or discuss community and family business 20 Robert G Miller declared that the CSA leader James Ellison was a prophet full of vision who would unite the attending groups so they could do battle with the so called Zionist Occupied Government 10 Law enforcement investigations EditThe US government has monitored the private community since the 1980s due to its alliance with various white supremacist groups and members of the Aryan Nations 21 Prior to July 1995 FBI informant Richard Schrum was sent to infiltrate Elohim City but was unable to find anything illegal on the compound 22 23 Sometime before the Oklahoma City bombing federal officials had planned to raid Elohim City As a precaution police scanners were monitored by the community and spotters were on the lookout to advise them of approaching suspect vehicular traffic During this time Millar also noted an increase in flights over Elohim City 24 Alleged illegal activities Edit An unnamed source disclosed in a 1995 FBI report has stated that Elohim City received approximately 96 yards of concrete that had been transported via 122 truckloads from a local concrete company While the anonymous individual was uncertain of what the purpose of the concrete was additional sources have indicated the existence of bunkers and weapon storage facilities on the Elohim City compound This same FBI document noted that a number of sources have alleged that the community had been generating income through the sale of illegal drugs produced and grown on the compound 19 Author David Hoffman claims in his 1998 book The Oklahoma City Bombing and the Politics of Terror that at one time law enforcement officials had received reports that the compound was believed to be generating income through the sale of illegal drugs Additionally he states that an unnamed source who was familiar with the community had revealed to him about an incident when resident Bruce Millar a son of Robert Millar was supposedly strung out on methamphetamine 25 26 Residents EditThe total population of Elohim City is unknown It was estimated to be between 70 and 90 in the 1990s 20 27 2 Millar family Edit In 2015 it was estimated that there were about 100 residents most of them descendants of Robert Millar 28 Robert Millar had a total of eight children 27 His four sons all live at Elohim City 2 Dorcas Millar The wife of John Millar 29 Esther Millar Robert Millar s granddaughter who was engaged to Mike Brescia citation needed Lorraine Allen Millar the late wife of Elohim City s founder Robert Millar 30 Other residents Edit Other individuals who either stayed or lived at Elohim City some which later appeared in national news include Rokus den Hartog Millar s protege who along with his wife and seven daughters lived on the compound for a couple of years in the 1980s 31 George Eaton founder of The Present Truth Ministries and publisher editor of a right wing anti Semitic newsletter called The Patriot Report of which Timothy McVeigh was a known subscriber 19 32 33 34 James Ellison white supremacist leader of The Covenant The Sword and the Arm of the Lord 2 Michael J Fortier an army buddy of Timothy McVeigh s who was imprisoned for failing to warn authorities of the Oklahoma City bombing 35 Carol Howe ATF informant who worked undercover in Elohim City 36 37 Chevie Kehoe a self proclaimed white supremacist and convicted murderer 7 Willie Ray Lampley a self proclaimed prophet leader of the now defunct Oklahoma Constitutional Militia and the head of the Universal Church of God Yahweh For unknown reasons Lampley had planned to test a homemade bomb at Elohim City but was thwarted by the FBI He was also friends with Robert Millar as the two were both firm believers of Christian Identity 38 39 Faron Earl Lovelace 40 Dennis Mahon a former imperial dragon in the Oklahoma Ku Klux Klan and an organizer for White Aryan Resistance 7 Kerry Noble the second in command of The Covenant The Sword and the Arm of the Lord He was part of the plot to blow up the Murrah Federal Building in 1983 41 Rachel M Patterson 42 Zera Patterson IV 43 Andreas Strassmeir German immigrant head of Elohim City security phoned by Timothy McVeigh two weeks before the OKC bombing 7 Pete Ward Jr 44 Tony Ward 45 See also EditTheodore Rinaldo Waco siegeNotes Edit Elohim is a Hebrew word usually translated as God sometimes Gods because in Hebrew most plural masculine nouns end in im The area which was rural until the 1980s has since been developed into a suburban housing community The ruins of the seminary s recreation hall are now located in the middle of Terra Maria Way circle 39 17 16 N 76 53 15 W 39 287713 N 76 887635 W 39 287713 76 887635 EllicottCity See 1 Archived 2012 04 26 at the Wayback Machine and 2 Archived 2012 04 26 at the Wayback MachineCitations Edit Court documents PDF cases justia com Retrieved 2020 05 23 a b c d e f g h Hastings Deborah February 23 1997 Elohim City on Extremists Underground Railroad Los Angeles Times Retrieved February 10 2022 Shook Somer Wesley Delano Robert W Balch April 1999 Elohim City A Participant Observer Study of a Christian Identity Community Nova Religio 2 2 245 265 doi 10 1525 nr 1999 2 2 245 ISSN 1541 8480 JSTOR 10 1525 nr 1999 2 2 245 Clay Nolan July 10 2005 Elohim City questions resurrected by Nichols The Oklahoman Retrieved February 10 2022 a b Richard W Break 1985 06 23 Mountaintop Religious Retreat Armed Against Outside World The Oklahoman Retrieved 2022 02 10 Changing of the Guard Racist patriarch dies in Oklahoma Intelligence Report Southern Poverty Law Center 103 Fall 2001 Retrieved January 5 2012 a b c d e f g h i Elohim City Extremism in America ADL org Anti Defamation League Retrieved December 31 2011 JOHN JAMES MILLAR Vian News a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint url status link Charles Belfoure Outside Baltimore a Reach Back to the 19th Century The New York Times December 12 1999 a b c Pre Incident Indicators of Terrorist Activities PIITA J William Fulbright College of Arts amp Sciences Sociology amp Criminology May 2006 a b c Thomas Jo 20 May 1995 Oklahoma City Building Was Target Of Plot as Early as 83 Official Says The New York Times Gibbons Bob September 25 2008 Area man charged with making threats Talequah Daily Press Retrieved February 10 2022 Gibbons Bob January 23 2009 Stone to be tried for threats against compound Talequah Daily Press Retrieved February 10 2022 Gibbons Bob October 8 2009 Jury acquits area man of threats to Elohim City group Talequah Daily Press Retrieved February 10 2022 a b Tiny Adair County Community of Elohim City Centered on God The Oklahoman 1982 04 11 Retrieved 2019 02 01 Changing of the Guard Southern Poverty Law Center Splcenter org 2001 08 29 Retrieved 2019 02 01 Robby Trammell 1995 05 25 Elohim City Leader Blames Lunatic Fringe for Blast The Oklahoman Retrieved 2022 02 10 Elohim City on Extremists Underground Railroad Los Angeles Times February 23 1997 a b c Legacy PDF www motherjones com 1995 Retrieved 2020 05 23 a b Elohim City Residents Enjoy Separate Lifestyle Religion The Oklahoman 1993 12 19 Retrieved 2022 02 10 White separatist head 75 dies in Fort Smith The Oklahoman 2001 06 01 Retrieved 2022 02 10 Brent L Smith 2011 Pre Incident Indicators of Terrorist Incidents The Identification of Behavioral Geographic and Temporal Patterns of Preparatory Conduct DIANE Publishing p 138 ISBN 978 1 4379 3061 0 Robby Trammell 1995 11 14 Self Proclaimed Prophet Admits Building Explosive The Oklahoman Retrieved 2022 02 10 VI PRIOR WARNING ATF INFORMANTS AND POSSIBLE OTHERS UNKNOWN McVEIGH PETITION FOR WRIT OF MANDAMUS MARCH 25 1997 Fas org Retrieved 2019 02 01 The Oklahoma City Bombing and the Politics of Terror by David Hoffman The Online Books Page Onlinebooks library upenn edu Retrieved 2019 02 01 Hoffman David 1998 The Oklahoma City Bombing and the Politics of Terror ISBN 0922915490 a b Elohim City Adl org 2013 06 24 Retrieved 2019 02 01 Thomas Judy 2015 04 26 Little Has Changed At Elohim City Including The Beliefs Of The Residents www flatlandkc com Flatland Retrieved January 14 2019 Roberts Reed Culver Funeral Home www robertsreedculverfuneraldirectors com Archived from the original on 2018 12 19 In Memory of Lorraine Allen MacMillar Fmfsinc com Retrieved 2019 02 01 Gypsy Hogan 1984 03 11 Elohim Manifesting God s Word in Shoe Leather The Oklahoman Retrieved 2022 02 10 Niebuhr 1995 Martin Durham 13 November 2007 White Rage The Extreme Right and American Politics Routledge p 56 ISBN 978 1 134 23181 2 False Patriots The Threat of Antigovernment Extremists DIANE Publishing 1996 p 50 ISBN 978 0 7881 3132 5 Submissions October 26 2012 Archived from the original on 2012 10 26 Linder Douglas O 2006 The Oklahoma City Bombing amp The Trial of Timothy McVeigh Archived from the original on February 23 2011 Retrieved December 31 2011 Q amp A What really happened The official version the conspiracy theories and the evidence surrounding the Oklahoma bombing Conspiracy Files BBC News March 2 2007 Retrieved January 2 2012 Patrick Casey 1995 11 13 Alleged Bomb Plot Confuses Elohim Leader The Oklahoman Retrieved 2022 02 10 Combating hate PDF www adl org Retrieved 2020 05 23 Thomas Jo March 29 1998 Killings Illuminate Culture of White Supremacists New York Times Elohim City Building BeenVerified Report Beenverified com Retrieved 2019 02 01 Key Wants Focus Returned to Elohim City The Oklahoman 1998 03 09 Retrieved 2022 02 10 Bomb Inquiry Figure s Widow Shares Findings The Oklahoman March 12 1998 Retrieved February 10 2022 Harrison L La tour User Trees Genealogy com www genealogy com References EditNiebuhr Gustav May 22 1995 A Vision of an Apocalypse The Religion of the Far Right The New York Times Retrieved 2019 02 01 Further reading EditAtkins Stephen E 2011 Encyclopedia of Right Wing Extremism in Modern American History ABC CLIO ISBN 978 1 59884 350 7 Chapman Lee Roy Kline Joshua April 15 2012 Who s Afraid of Elohim City This Land This Land Press Copeland Thomas E 2007 Fool Me Twice Intelligence Failure and Mass Casualty Terrorism Martinus Nijhoff Publishers ISBN 978 90 04 15845 0 Graff James L Cole Patrick E Shannon Elaine February 24 1997 The White City on a Hill Time Archived from the original on November 17 2007 Retrieved March 13 2012 Hamm Mark S 2002 In Bad Company America s Terrorist Underground University Press of New England ISBN 978 1 55553 492 9 Jones Stephen Israel Peter 2001 Others Unknown Timothy McVeigh and the Oklahoma City Bombing Conspiracy PublicAffairs ISBN 978 1 58648 098 1 Malcomson Scott L 2001 One Drop of Blood The American Misadventure of Race Macmillan ISBN 978 0 374 52794 5 Quarles Chester L 2004 Christian Identity The Aryan American Bloodline Religion McFarland ISBN 978 0 7864 1892 3 Simi Pete Futrell Robert 2010 American Swastika Inside the White Power Movement s Hidden Spaces of Hate Rowman amp Littlefield ISBN 978 1 4422 0208 5 Wright Stuart A 2007 Patriots Politics and the Oklahoma City Bombing Cambridge University Press ISBN 978 0 521 87264 5 Zeskind Leonard 2009 Blood and Politics The History of the White Nationalist Movement from the Margins to the Mainstream Macmillan ISBN 978 0 374 10903 5 External links Edit Media related to Elohim City Oklahoma at Wikimedia Commons Anti Defamation League profile of Elohim City Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Elohim City Oklahoma amp oldid 1146443654, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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