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Duchy of Estonia (1561–1721)

January 01, 1970

The Duchy of Estonia (Swedish: Hertigdömet Estland, Estonian: Eestimaa hertsogkond, German: Herzogtum Estland), also known as Swedish Estonia,[1] (Swedish: Svenska Estland) was a dominion of the Swedish Empire from 1561 until 1721 during the time that most or all of Estonia was under Swedish rule. The land was eventually ceded to Russia in the Treaty of Nystad, following its capitulation, during the plague, in the Great Northern War.

Duchy of Estonia
Hertigdömet Estland (Swedish)
Eestimaa hertsogkond (Estonian)
Herzogtum Estland (German)
1561–1721
Coat of arms
Baltic provinces of Swedish Empire in the 17th century.
StatusDominion of the Swedish Empire
CapitalReval (Tallinn)
Common languagesGerman, Estonian, Swedish
Religion
Lutheranism
King 
Governor-General 
• 1674–1681
Anders Torstenson
• 1687–1704
Axel Julius de la Gardie
History 
• Established
4 June 1561
10 September 1721
Today part ofEstonia
The Swedish Empire

The dominion arose during the Livonian War, when the northern parts of present-day Estonia — Reval (Tallinn) and the counties of Harjumaa, Western Virumaa, Raplamaa and Järvamaa — submitted to the Swedish king in 1561, and Läänemaa in 1581. It is also colloquially known as the "good old Swedish times"[2] (Estonian: vana hea Rootsi aeg) by Estonians, but this expression was not used before the following Russian rule, in the beginning of which the situation of Estonian peasantry declined rapidly; to gain the support of the German Baltic nobility, Russia gave them more power over the peasantry.

Head of Dominion edit

Governors (1561–1674)
  • Lars Ivarsson Fleming, Friherre of Nynäs, from Sundholm (2 August 1561 – 27 February 1562)
  • Klas Horn of Åminne (acting) (August 1561)
  • Henrik Klasson Horn from Kankas (1st time) (27 February 1562 – June 1562)
  • Svante Stensson Sture (30 June 1562 – 27 July 1564)
  • Hermann Pedersson Fleming from Lechtis (1564–1565)
  • Henrik Klasson Horn from Kankas (2nd time) (30 January 1565 – 1568)
  • Gabriel Kristiernsson Oxenstierna from Mörby (November 1568 – 1570)
  • Hans Björnsson Lejon from Lepas (9 October 1570 – 1572)
  • Clas Åkesson Tott (6 November 1572 – 1574)
  • Pontus De la Gardie (4 June 1574 – December 1575)
  • Karl Henriksson Horn from Kankas (1st time) (January 1576 – May 1578)
  • Nilsson Hans Eriksson Finn from Brinkala (acting) (19 April 1576 – 1577)
  • Göran Boije af Gennäs (1st time) (1 August 1577 – 1580)
  • Svante Eriksson Stålarmfrom Kyala (1580–1581)
  • Göran Boije af Gennäs (2nd time) (25 April 1582 – 1583)
  • Pontus De la Gardie (1583 – 5 November 1585)
  • Gustaf Gabrielsson Oxenstierna (8 November 1585 – 1588)
  • Hans Wachtmeister (acting) (July 1588 – 13 October 1588)
  • Gustaf Axelsson Banér from Djurshom (13 October 1588 – 1590)
  • Erik Gabrielsson Oxenstierna af Lindö (1590 – July 1592)
  • Göran Boije af Gennäs (3rd time) (1592 – June 1600)
  • Karl Henriksson Horn from Kankas (2nd time) (acting) (1600 – 30 January 1601)
  • Moritz Stensson Leijonhufvud Count of Raseborg (1601 – October 1602)
  • ... (October 1602 – May 1605)
  • Nils Turesson Bielke (10 May 1605 – June 1605)
  • Axel Nilsson Ryning (1605–1608)
  • ... (1608–1611)
  • Gabriel Bengtsson Oxenstierna (1611–1617)
  • Anders Eriksson Hästehufvud (1617–1619)
  • Jakob De la Gardie (July 1619 – 1622)
  • Per Gustafsson Banér af Tussa (1622 – January 1626)
  • Johan De la Gardie Friherre of Eckholm (1626 – October 1628)
  • Philipp von Scheiding from Arnö (1628 – 17 July 1642)
  • Gustaf Gabrielsson Oxenstierna Friherre of Kimito (26 July 1642 – 1646)
  • Erik Axelsson Oxenstierna, Count of Södermöre (9 September 1646 – 1653)
  • Wilhelm Ulrich(1st time) (acting) (May 1653 – 16 August 1653)
  • Heinrich von Thurn-Valsassina, Count of Thurn (16 August 1653 – 1655)
  • Wilhelm Ulrich (2nd time) (acting) (1655 – August 1655)
  • Bengt Skytte (1655–1656)
  • Wilhelm Ulrich (3rd time) (acting) (1655– 2 August 1656)
  • Bengt Klasson Horn (2 August 1656 – November 1674)
  • Wilhelm Ulrich (4th time) (acting) (1656–1659)
  • Johan Christoph Scheiding (acting) (1674)
Governors-General (1674–1728)
Main article: Governor-General in the Swedish Realm
Livonian ConfederationTerra MarianaEstonian SSRDuchy of Livonia (1721–1917)Duchy of Livonia (1629–1721)Duchy of Livonia (1561–1621)Duchy of Estonia (1721–1917)Duchy of Estonia (1561–1721)Danish EstoniaDanish EstoniaEstoniaAncient EstoniaHistory of Estonia

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ Michael Roberts (8 March 1984). The Swedish imperial experience 1560–1718. Cambridge University Press. p. 30. ISBN 0-521-27889-9. from the original on 16 October 2023. Retrieved 24 October 2016.
  2. ^ Kelertas, Violeta (25 October 2006). Baltic Postcolonialism. Rodopi. ISBN 9789042019591. from the original on 24 June 2022. Retrieved 24 October 2016 – via Google Books.

Sources edit

  • Tarkiainen, Kari; Tarkiainen, Ülle (2013). Provinsen bortom havet. Estlands svenska historia 1561–1710 (in Swedish). Atlantis. ISBN 978-91-7353-652-3.
  • Online encyclopedia – WorldStatesmen.org

59°26′N 24°45′E / 59.433°N 24.750°E / 59.433; 24.750

January 01, 1970
duchy, estonia, 1561, 1721, duchy, estonia, swedish, hertigdömet, estland, estonian, eestimaa, hertsogkond, german, herzogtum, estland, also, known, swedish, estonia, swedish, svenska, estland, dominion, swedish, empire, from, 1561, until, 1721, during, time, . The Duchy of Estonia Swedish Hertigdomet Estland Estonian Eestimaa hertsogkond German Herzogtum Estland also known as Swedish Estonia 1 Swedish Svenska Estland was a dominion of the Swedish Empire from 1561 until 1721 during the time that most or all of Estonia was under Swedish rule The land was eventually ceded to Russia in the Treaty of Nystad following its capitulation during the plague in the Great Northern War Duchy of EstoniaHertigdomet Estland Swedish Eestimaa hertsogkond Estonian Herzogtum Estland German 1561 1721Flag of Sweden Coat of armsBaltic provinces of Swedish Empire in the 17th century StatusDominion of the Swedish EmpireCapitalReval Tallinn Common languagesGerman Estonian SwedishReligionLutheranismKing Governor General 1674 1681Anders Torstenson 1687 1704Axel Julius de la GardieHistory Established4 June 1561 Treaty of Nystad10 September 1721Today part ofEstonia The Swedish Empire The dominion arose during the Livonian War when the northern parts of present day Estonia Reval Tallinn and the counties of Harjumaa Western Virumaa Raplamaa and Jarvamaa submitted to the Swedish king in 1561 and Laanemaa in 1581 It is also colloquially known as the good old Swedish times 2 Estonian vana hea Rootsi aeg by Estonians but this expression was not used before the following Russian rule in the beginning of which the situation of Estonian peasantry declined rapidly to gain the support of the German Baltic nobility Russia gave them more power over the peasantry Contents 1 Head of Dominion 2 See also 3 References 3 1 SourcesHead of Dominion editGovernors 1561 1674 Lars Ivarsson Fleming Friherre of Nynas from Sundholm 2 August 1561 27 February 1562 Klas Horn of Aminne acting August 1561 Henrik Klasson Horn from Kankas 1st time 27 February 1562 June 1562 Svante Stensson Sture 30 June 1562 27 July 1564 Hermann Pedersson Fleming from Lechtis 1564 1565 Henrik Klasson Horn from Kankas 2nd time 30 January 1565 1568 Gabriel Kristiernsson Oxenstierna from Morby November 1568 1570 Hans Bjornsson Lejon from Lepas 9 October 1570 1572 Clas Akesson Tott 6 November 1572 1574 Pontus De la Gardie 4 June 1574 December 1575 Karl Henriksson Horn from Kankas 1st time January 1576 May 1578 Nilsson Hans Eriksson Finn from Brinkala acting 19 April 1576 1577 Goran Boije af Gennas 1st time 1 August 1577 1580 Svante Eriksson Stalarmfrom Kyala 1580 1581 Goran Boije af Gennas 2nd time 25 April 1582 1583 Pontus De la Gardie 1583 5 November 1585 Gustaf Gabrielsson Oxenstierna 8 November 1585 1588 Hans Wachtmeister acting July 1588 13 October 1588 Gustaf Axelsson Baner from Djurshom 13 October 1588 1590 Erik Gabrielsson Oxenstierna af Lindo 1590 July 1592 Goran Boije af Gennas 3rd time 1592 June 1600 Karl Henriksson Horn from Kankas 2nd time acting 1600 30 January 1601 Moritz Stensson Leijonhufvud Count of Raseborg 1601 October 1602 October 1602 May 1605 Nils Turesson Bielke 10 May 1605 June 1605 Axel Nilsson Ryning 1605 1608 1608 1611 Gabriel Bengtsson Oxenstierna 1611 1617 Anders Eriksson Hastehufvud 1617 1619 Jakob De la Gardie July 1619 1622 Per Gustafsson Baner af Tussa 1622 January 1626 Johan De la Gardie Friherre of Eckholm 1626 October 1628 Philipp von Scheiding from Arno 1628 17 July 1642 Gustaf Gabrielsson Oxenstierna Friherre of Kimito 26 July 1642 1646 Erik Axelsson Oxenstierna Count of Sodermore 9 September 1646 1653 Wilhelm Ulrich 1st time acting May 1653 16 August 1653 Heinrich von Thurn Valsassina Count of Thurn 16 August 1653 1655 Wilhelm Ulrich 2nd time acting 1655 August 1655 Bengt Skytte 1655 1656 Wilhelm Ulrich 3rd time acting 1655 2 August 1656 Bengt Klasson Horn 2 August 1656 November 1674 Wilhelm Ulrich 4th time acting 1656 1659 Johan Christoph Scheiding acting 1674 Governors General 1674 1728 Main article Governor General in the Swedish Realm Andreas Lennartson Torstensson 1674 1681 Robert Johannson Lichton April 1681 1687 Nils Turesson Bielke 20 January 1687 19 April 1687 Axel Julius De la Gardie from Lacko Castle Lidkoping 1687 December 1704 Wolmar Anton von Schlippenbach December 1704 6 July 1706 Niels Jonsson Stromberg af Clastorp 6 July 1706 23 October 1709 Carl Nieroth 23 October 1709 10 October 1710 See also editEstonia under Swedish rule Dominium maris baltici Dominions of Sweden Swedish Livonia Estonian Swedes Governorate of Estonia Uniformity policyReferences edit Michael Roberts 8 March 1984 The Swedish imperial experience 1560 1718 Cambridge University Press p 30 ISBN 0 521 27889 9 Archived from the original on 16 October 2023 Retrieved 24 October 2016 Kelertas Violeta 25 October 2006 Baltic Postcolonialism Rodopi ISBN 9789042019591 Archived from the original on 24 June 2022 Retrieved 24 October 2016 via Google Books Sources edit Tarkiainen Kari Tarkiainen Ulle 2013 Provinsen bortom havet Estlands svenska historia 1561 1710 in Swedish Atlantis ISBN 978 91 7353 652 3 Online encyclopedia WorldStatesmen org 59 26 N 24 45 E 59 433 N 24 750 E 59 433 24 750 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Duchy of Estonia 1561 1721 amp oldid 1210716462, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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