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Rape crisis centre

January 01, 1970

A rape crisis centre, also known as a sexual assault crisis centre or sexual assault referral centre (SARC), is a specialised centre to support victims of rape or other sexual assault, both in the immediate aftermath of the assault and in the months and sometimes years following the attack. They are usually situated in a secure location and employ a multidisciplinary team of practitioners to provide medical, psychological, and practical support to the victim.

Description edit

Rape crisis centres typically provide medical, practical, and emotional support to the victim in the aftermath of rape, sexual assault or sexual abuse.[1]

By country edit

Australia edit

In Australia, there are a number of state- and territory-based rape crisis centres, such as Full Stop Australia (the first in Australia, founded as Sydney Rape Crisis Collective in 1971)[2][a] in New South Wales;[3] Canberra Rape Crisis Centre in the Australian Capital Territory;[4] Yarrow Place in South Australia.[5] In Victoria, the Sexual Assault Services Victoria (SASVic, formerly CASA Forum)[6] is the umbrella body for Centres Against Sexual Assault, or CASAs, located across the state.[7] In the Northern Territory, there are a number of Sexual assault referral centres (SARCs) which provide support, education, and advocacy. There is only 24/7 access to medical, legal and counselling information at Darwin and Alice Springs SARCs.[8] In Western Australia there are five Sexual Assault Support Services in the regions, and a SARC in Perth.[9] Most of the state and territory servcies have a help line providing advice, and there is also a national 24/7 help line, 1800RESPECT.[10]

Canada edit

In Canada, the networks of rape crisis centres are state-based, but there is an umbrella body named the Canadian Association of Sexual Assault Centres (CASAC).[11] In Ontario, the Ontario Coalition of Rape Crisis Centres (OCRC) is the umbrella body for centres in that state.[12] Vancouver Rape Relief & Women's Shelter is Canada's longest-running rape crisis centre.[13]

Ireland edit

In Ireland, the Dublin Rape Crisis Centre, a national service, provides a range of services, including a 24-hour helpline, counselling services, accompanying victims to court, and outreach services, along with provision of training and advocacy work.[14]

New Zealand edit

In New Zealand (Māori: Aotearoa), groups to support victims of rape and sexual abuse were set up during the 1970s, and in 1986 "Rape Crisis and Related Groups" (RCRG) were established. These groups were run by trained volunteers, and provided immediate crisis support as well as ongoing counselling; judicial advocacy work; and help for victims in their dealings with police, doctors, Accident Compensation Corporation, and the Department of Social Welfare. Over time, the number of support groups first grew, and then declined, largely through lack of funding and changing legislation. RCRG was run as a collective, and was underpinned by a feminist philosophy, which clashed with neo-liberal ideologies which came to the fore in the 21st century. By 2000 there were only 25 functioning rape crisis centres, and the national office in Wellington was closed. By 2018 there were only six such centres.[15]

As of 2023, the Sexual Abuse Assessment and Treatment Service (SAATS) is a national service providing medical assistance to sexual assault victims.[16] There are a number of not-for-profit centres focusing on different groups, such as Māori women, or male victims, some explicitly named rape crisis centre, such as Wellington Rape Crisis. There are local and national help lines.[17]

South Africa edit

In South Africa, Thuthuzela Care Centres have become a model for best practice in care after sexual assault.[18][19][20] The name is derived from the Xhosa word thuthuzela, meaning "comfort".[21]

United Kingdom edit

In the UK, sexual assault referral centres or SARCs exist across the country, funded and run by the National Health Service. Their staff comprise specifically-trained doctors, nurses, and other support staff.[1] The first SARC was established in 1986 at St Mary's Hospital in Manchester, as St Mary's Sexual Assault Referral Centre or SARC. In the 1990s, there were two more SARCs established, REACH in Northumbria and STAR in West Yorkshire.[22]

There are also crisis centres run as charitable organisations, overseen by umbrella organisations Rape Crisis England & Wales and Rape Crisis Scotland.[23] They not only work to end sexual assault and abuse, but also provides specialist information and support to anyone who has been affected by any other form of sexual violence and abuse in England and Wales. They act as an umbrella organisation for 39 member rape crisis centres as of 2023.[24] The member organisations, such as Northamptonshire Rape Crisis,[25] are typically independent charities staffed by a mix of paid staff and trained volunteers,[26] and are run with the support of or collaboration with local councils, police forces, and corporate sponsors.[25] Edinburgh Rape Crisis is one of Scotland's largest centres. However, as of April 2023 rape crisis centres across the UK have had to close waiting lists owing to shortage of funds and staff.[23] Rape Crisis Northern Ireland, located in Belfast, covers Northern Ireland.[27]

United States edit

Main article: Rape crisis centers in the United States

The first American rape crisis centers (RCCs) were formed in several states throughout the country in the early 1970s, largely by women associated with the second-wave feminist movement. Central to second-wave feminism was the practice of consciousness raising, which allowed groups of women to speak openly about their experiences with sexual violence and the shortcomings of law enforcement, health care providers, and the criminal justice system to effectively and constructively respond to survivors.Among the first was the Washington D.C. Rape Crisis Center, founded in 1972 by women identifying with the radical branch of the women's movement. The D.C. RCC published a pamphlet entitled "How to Start a Rape Crisis Center", which provided a model for other early RCCs to follow.[28]

While the goals of RCCs have remained largely unchanged since their creation in the 1970s, they have undergone a number of structural changes. Among these changes is the phenomenon of RCCs moving toward more professionalisation and hierarchy and away from the radical activism that defines their roots.[29] Many RCCs, rather than being freestanding collectives, are incorporated into the mainstream organisations that they once worked against, such as hospitals or other social services agencies. These trends are related to the political climate and also the availability of government money to fund their activities. Despite the fact that RCCs now more closely resemble mainstream organisations, they still occupy an important place in the anti-rape movement. When dealing with rape survivors, the fact that RCCs have no interest other than in providing emotional support and assistance to survivors distinguishes them from physicians who are primarily concerned with treating injuries, law enforcement officers who are primarily concerned with ascertaining facts, or prosecutors who primarily concerned with building a case. RCCs are further separated from mainstream organisations by their consistent efforts to reform how these organisations respond to rape, primarily through the provision of training in appropriate rape definitions and responses.[30]

RCCs may receive funding from a number of sources and funding can vary greatly for each RCC depending on its location, if it is affiliated with a host agency, and the type of host agency. RCCs housed in hospitals and county social service and health agencies generally have more funding than those situated in mental health centres, battered women's shelters, and legal-justice organisations.[30]

Footnotes edit

  1. ^ Renamed NSW Rape Crisis Centre in 1998, then Rape & Domestic Violence Services Australia in 2013, then Full Stop Australia in 2021.

References edit

  1. ^ a b "Help after rape and sexual assault". National Health Service. 26 June 2023. Retrieved 6 August 2023.
  2. ^ "First rape crisis centre established". Australian Women's Timeline. 2 March 1972. Retrieved 7 August 2023.)
  3. ^ "Our herstory". Full Stop Australia. 1 July 2023. Retrieved 6 August 2023.
  4. ^ "Home". Canberra Rape Crisis Centre. Retrieved 6 August 2023.
  5. ^ "Yarrow Place Rape and Sexual Assault Service". Women's and Children's Health Network. 8 March 2021. Retrieved 6 August 2023.
  6. ^ "Sexual Assault Services Victoria". Sexual Assault Services Victoria. 24 May 2023. Retrieved 6 August 2023.
  7. ^ "Victorian CASA'S (Centres Against Sexual Assault)". Sexual Assault Crisis Line. 6 August 2023. Retrieved 6 August 2023.
  8. ^ "Sexual assault referral centres". NT.GOV.AU. 17 September 2021. Retrieved 6 August 2023.
  9. ^ "Sexual Violence Services in WA". Centre For Women's Safety and Wellbeing. 29 April 2022. Retrieved 6 August 2023.
  10. ^ "Home". 1800RESPECT. Retrieved 6 August 2023.
  11. ^ "Anti-Violence Centres". CASAC – Canadian Association of Sexual Assault Centres. 14 May 2019. Retrieved 6 August 2023.
  12. ^ "Get helpOCRCC – Ontario Coalition of Rape Crisis Centres". OCRCC – Ontario Coalition of Rape Crisis Centres. 17 January 2023. Retrieved 6 August 2023.
  13. ^ Steacy, Lisa (13 April 2016). "Opinion: Vancouver Rape Relief stands by women". Vancouver Sun.
  14. ^ "Services overview". Dublin Rape Crisis Centre. 15 May 2020. Retrieved 6 August 2023.
  15. ^ "National Collective of Rape Crisis and Related Groups of Aotearoa". NZHistory, New Zealand history online. 3 October 2013. Retrieved 6 August 2023.
  16. ^ "Specialist Sexual Assault Medical Help". MEDSAC. Retrieved 6 August 2023.
  17. ^ "Your Local Support Services". Rape Prevention Education. 4 July 2023. Retrieved 6 August 2023.
  18. ^ Robinson, Jordan (13 March 2017). "More work to be done to support rape survivors in South Africa". Social Impact (Interview). Retrieved 19 July 2023.
  19. ^ Impact Evaluation of the "Increasing Services for Survivors of Sexual Assault in South Africa" Program. USAID, 2017.
  20. ^ Dlamini, Judy (15 April 2023). "A Case Study on Transdisciplinary Approach to Eradicating Sexual Violence: Thuthuzela Care Centres". Sexual Violence - Issues in Prevention, Treatment, and Policy [Working Title]. IntechOpen. doi:10.5772/intechopen.110836.
  21. ^ "16 Days of Activism". Vital Voices. 5 February 2017. Retrieved 6 August 2023.
  22. ^ Lovett, Jo; Regan, Linda; Kelly, Liz (July 2004). Sexual Assault Referral Centre: feveloping good practice and maximising potentials (PDF). Home Office Research Study 285. p. vii. The first Sexual Assault Referral Centre (SARC), St Mary's in Manchester, was established in the UK in 1986, to address serious shortcomings in the medico-legal response to recent rape. Two further SARCs were established in the 1990s, REACH in Northumbria and STAR in West Yorkshire.
  23. ^ a b Livingston, Eve (22 January 2023). "UK rape crisis centres forced to turn away victims as need rises and cash runs out". The Guardian. Retrieved 6 August 2023.
  24. ^ "About us". Rape Crisis England & Wales. Retrieved 6 August 2023.
  25. ^ a b "Resources". Northamptonshire Rape Crisis. 7 February 2023. Retrieved 6 August 2023.
  26. ^ . NRC. Archived from the original on 6 August 2023. Retrieved 6 August 2023.
  27. ^ "Rape Crisis Northern Ireland". 8 January 2020. Retrieved 6 August 2023.
  28. ^ Bevacqua, Maria (2000). Rape On The Public Agenda: Feminism and the Politics of Sexual Assault. Northeastern University Press. pp. 29–30, 74–75. ISBN 978-1-55553-446-2. Retrieved 8 August 2023.
  29. ^ Campbell, R.; Baker, C.K.; Mazurek, T.L. (June 1998). "Remaining Radical? Organizational Predictors of Rape Crisis Centers' Social Change Initiatives". American Journal of Community Psychology. 26 (3): 457–483 (477). doi:10.1023/A:1022115322289. PMID 9726118. S2CID 12627339 – via Springer Link. PDF
  30. ^ a b Martin, Patricia Yancey (2005). Rape Work: Victims, Gender and Emotions in Organization and Community Context. Perspectives on gender. Routledge. pp. 111–112. ISBN 978-0-415-92774-1. Retrieved 8 August 2023.

External links edit

  • Sources of help for survivors at Rape Crisis Network Europe

January 01, 1970
rape, crisis, centre, rape, crisis, centre, also, known, sexual, assault, crisis, centre, sexual, assault, referral, centre, sarc, specialised, centre, support, victims, rape, other, sexual, assault, both, immediate, aftermath, assault, months, sometimes, year. A rape crisis centre also known as a sexual assault crisis centre or sexual assault referral centre SARC is a specialised centre to support victims of rape or other sexual assault both in the immediate aftermath of the assault and in the months and sometimes years following the attack They are usually situated in a secure location and employ a multidisciplinary team of practitioners to provide medical psychological and practical support to the victim Contents 1 Description 2 By country 2 1 Australia 2 2 Canada 2 3 Ireland 2 4 New Zealand 2 5 South Africa 2 6 United Kingdom 2 7 United States 3 Footnotes 4 References 5 External linksDescription editRape crisis centres typically provide medical practical and emotional support to the victim in the aftermath of rape sexual assault or sexual abuse 1 By country editAustralia edit In Australia there are a number of state and territory based rape crisis centres such as Full Stop Australia the first in Australia founded as Sydney Rape Crisis Collective in 1971 2 a in New South Wales 3 Canberra Rape Crisis Centre in the Australian Capital Territory 4 Yarrow Place in South Australia 5 In Victoria the Sexual Assault Services Victoria SASVic formerly CASA Forum 6 is the umbrella body for Centres Against Sexual Assault or CASAs located across the state 7 In the Northern Territory there are a number of Sexual assault referral centres SARCs which provide support education and advocacy There is only 24 7 access to medical legal and counselling information at Darwin and Alice Springs SARCs 8 In Western Australia there are five Sexual Assault Support Services in the regions and a SARC in Perth 9 Most of the state and territory servcies have a help line providing advice and there is also a national 24 7 help line 1800RESPECT 10 Canada edit In Canada the networks of rape crisis centres are state based but there is an umbrella body named the Canadian Association of Sexual Assault Centres CASAC 11 In Ontario the Ontario Coalition of Rape Crisis Centres OCRC is the umbrella body for centres in that state 12 Vancouver Rape Relief amp Women s Shelter is Canada s longest running rape crisis centre 13 Ireland edit In Ireland the Dublin Rape Crisis Centre a national service provides a range of services including a 24 hour helpline counselling services accompanying victims to court and outreach services along with provision of training and advocacy work 14 New Zealand edit In New Zealand Maori Aotearoa groups to support victims of rape and sexual abuse were set up during the 1970s and in 1986 Rape Crisis and Related Groups RCRG were established These groups were run by trained volunteers and provided immediate crisis support as well as ongoing counselling judicial advocacy work and help for victims in their dealings with police doctors Accident Compensation Corporation and the Department of Social Welfare Over time the number of support groups first grew and then declined largely through lack of funding and changing legislation RCRG was run as a collective and was underpinned by a feminist philosophy which clashed with neo liberal ideologies which came to the fore in the 21st century By 2000 there were only 25 functioning rape crisis centres and the national office in Wellington was closed By 2018 there were only six such centres 15 As of 2023 update the Sexual Abuse Assessment and Treatment Service SAATS is a national service providing medical assistance to sexual assault victims 16 There are a number of not for profit centres focusing on different groups such as Maori women or male victims some explicitly named rape crisis centre such as Wellington Rape Crisis There are local and national help lines 17 South Africa edit In South Africa Thuthuzela Care Centres have become a model for best practice in care after sexual assault 18 19 20 The name is derived from the Xhosa word thuthuzela meaning comfort 21 United Kingdom edit In the UK sexual assault referral centres or SARCs exist across the country funded and run by the National Health Service Their staff comprise specifically trained doctors nurses and other support staff 1 The first SARC was established in 1986 at St Mary s Hospital in Manchester as St Mary s Sexual Assault Referral Centre or SARC In the 1990s there were two more SARCs established REACH in Northumbria and STAR in West Yorkshire 22 There are also crisis centres run as charitable organisations overseen by umbrella organisations Rape Crisis England amp Wales and Rape Crisis Scotland 23 They not only work to end sexual assault and abuse but also provides specialist information and support to anyone who has been affected by any other form of sexual violence and abuse in England and Wales They act as an umbrella organisation for 39 member rape crisis centres as of 2023 update 24 The member organisations such as Northamptonshire Rape Crisis 25 are typically independent charities staffed by a mix of paid staff and trained volunteers 26 and are run with the support of or collaboration with local councils police forces and corporate sponsors 25 Edinburgh Rape Crisis is one of Scotland s largest centres However as of April 2023 update rape crisis centres across the UK have had to close waiting lists owing to shortage of funds and staff 23 Rape Crisis Northern Ireland located in Belfast covers Northern Ireland 27 United States edit Main article Rape crisis centers in the United States The first American rape crisis centers RCCs were formed in several states throughout the country in the early 1970s largely by women associated with the second wave feminist movement Central to second wave feminism was the practice of consciousness raising which allowed groups of women to speak openly about their experiences with sexual violence and the shortcomings of law enforcement health care providers and the criminal justice system to effectively and constructively respond to survivors Among the first was the Washington D C Rape Crisis Center founded in 1972 by women identifying with the radical branch of the women s movement The D C RCC published a pamphlet entitled How to Start a Rape Crisis Center which provided a model for other early RCCs to follow 28 While the goals of RCCs have remained largely unchanged since their creation in the 1970s they have undergone a number of structural changes Among these changes is the phenomenon of RCCs moving toward more professionalisation and hierarchy and away from the radical activism that defines their roots 29 Many RCCs rather than being freestanding collectives are incorporated into the mainstream organisations that they once worked against such as hospitals or other social services agencies These trends are related to the political climate and also the availability of government money to fund their activities Despite the fact that RCCs now more closely resemble mainstream organisations they still occupy an important place in the anti rape movement When dealing with rape survivors the fact that RCCs have no interest other than in providing emotional support and assistance to survivors distinguishes them from physicians who are primarily concerned with treating injuries law enforcement officers who are primarily concerned with ascertaining facts or prosecutors who primarily concerned with building a case RCCs are further separated from mainstream organisations by their consistent efforts to reform how these organisations respond to rape primarily through the provision of training in appropriate rape definitions and responses 30 RCCs may receive funding from a number of sources and funding can vary greatly for each RCC depending on its location if it is affiliated with a host agency and the type of host agency RCCs housed in hospitals and county social service and health agencies generally have more funding than those situated in mental health centres battered women s shelters and legal justice organisations 30 Footnotes edit Renamed NSW Rape Crisis Centre in 1998 then Rape amp Domestic Violence Services Australia in 2013 then Full Stop Australia in 2021 References edit a b Help after rape and sexual assault National Health Service 26 June 2023 Retrieved 6 August 2023 First rape crisis centre established Australian Women s Timeline 2 March 1972 Retrieved 7 August 2023 Our herstory Full Stop Australia 1 July 2023 Retrieved 6 August 2023 Home Canberra Rape Crisis Centre Retrieved 6 August 2023 Yarrow Place Rape and Sexual Assault Service Women s and Children s Health Network 8 March 2021 Retrieved 6 August 2023 Sexual Assault Services Victoria Sexual Assault Services Victoria 24 May 2023 Retrieved 6 August 2023 Victorian CASA S Centres Against Sexual Assault Sexual Assault Crisis Line 6 August 2023 Retrieved 6 August 2023 Sexual assault referral centres NT GOV AU 17 September 2021 Retrieved 6 August 2023 Sexual Violence Services in WA Centre For Women s Safety and Wellbeing 29 April 2022 Retrieved 6 August 2023 Home 1800RESPECT Retrieved 6 August 2023 Anti Violence Centres CASAC Canadian Association of Sexual Assault Centres 14 May 2019 Retrieved 6 August 2023 Get helpOCRCC Ontario Coalition of Rape Crisis Centres OCRCC Ontario Coalition of Rape Crisis Centres 17 January 2023 Retrieved 6 August 2023 Steacy Lisa 13 April 2016 Opinion Vancouver Rape Relief stands by women Vancouver Sun Services overview Dublin Rape Crisis Centre 15 May 2020 Retrieved 6 August 2023 National Collective of Rape Crisis and Related Groups of Aotearoa NZHistory New Zealand history online 3 October 2013 Retrieved 6 August 2023 Specialist Sexual Assault Medical Help MEDSAC Retrieved 6 August 2023 Your Local Support Services Rape Prevention Education 4 July 2023 Retrieved 6 August 2023 Robinson Jordan 13 March 2017 More work to be done to support rape survivors in South Africa Social Impact Interview Retrieved 19 July 2023 Impact Evaluation of the Increasing Services for Survivors of Sexual Assault in South Africa Program USAID 2017 Dlamini Judy 15 April 2023 A Case Study on Transdisciplinary Approach to Eradicating Sexual Violence Thuthuzela Care Centres Sexual Violence Issues in Prevention Treatment and Policy Working Title IntechOpen doi 10 5772 intechopen 110836 16 Days of Activism Vital Voices 5 February 2017 Retrieved 6 August 2023 Lovett Jo Regan Linda Kelly Liz July 2004 Sexual Assault Referral Centre feveloping good practice and maximising potentials PDF Home Office Research Study 285 p vii The first Sexual Assault Referral Centre SARC St Mary s in Manchester was established in the UK in 1986 to address serious shortcomings in the medico legal response to recent rape Two further SARCs were established in the 1990s REACH in Northumbria and STAR in West Yorkshire a b Livingston Eve 22 January 2023 UK rape crisis centres forced to turn away victims as need rises and cash runs out The Guardian Retrieved 6 August 2023 About us Rape Crisis England amp Wales Retrieved 6 August 2023 a b Resources Northamptonshire Rape Crisis 7 February 2023 Retrieved 6 August 2023 Current vacancies NRC Archived from the original on 6 August 2023 Retrieved 6 August 2023 Rape Crisis Northern Ireland 8 January 2020 Retrieved 6 August 2023 Bevacqua Maria 2000 Rape On The Public Agenda Feminism and the Politics of Sexual Assault Northeastern University Press pp 29 30 74 75 ISBN 978 1 55553 446 2 Retrieved 8 August 2023 Campbell R Baker C K Mazurek T L June 1998 Remaining Radical Organizational Predictors of Rape Crisis Centers Social Change Initiatives American Journal of Community Psychology 26 3 457 483 477 doi 10 1023 A 1022115322289 PMID 9726118 S2CID 12627339 via Springer Link PDF a b Martin Patricia Yancey 2005 Rape Work Victims Gender and Emotions in Organization and Community Context Perspectives on gender Routledge pp 111 112 ISBN 978 0 415 92774 1 Retrieved 8 August 2023 External links editSources of help for survivors at Rape Crisis Network Europe Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Rape crisis centre amp 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