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Demographic threat

January 01, 1970

The concept of demographic threat (or demographic bomb) is a term used in political conversation or demography to refer to population increases from within a minority ethnic or religious group in a given country that is perceived as threatening to the ethnic, racial or religious majority, stability of the country or to the identity of said countries in which it is present in.

Examples in countries edit

Australia edit

Main article: White Australia policy

In 1984, Geoffrey Blainey, an Australian historian and academic criticised a comment by a spokesman to Immigration Minister Stewart West of the Australian Labor Party that "the increasing Asianisation was inevitable".

Blainey responded, "I do not accept the view, widely held in the Federal Cabinet, that some kind of slow Asian takeover of Australia is inevitable. I do not believe that we are powerless. I do believe that we can with good will and good sense control our destiny.... As a people, we seem to move from extreme to extreme. In the past 30 years the government of Australia has moved from the extreme of wanting a white Australia to the extreme of saying that we will have an Asian Australia and that the quicker we move towards it the better".[1]

In the 1996 Australian federal election, Pauline Hanson was elected to the Division of Oxley. In her controversial maiden speech to the Australian House of Representatives, she expressed her belief that Australia "was in danger of being swamped by Asians". Hanson went on to form the One Nation Party, which initially won nearly one quarter of the vote in Queensland state elections before it entering a period of decline because of internal disputes.[2] The name "One Nation" was meant to signify national unity in contrast to what Hanson claimed as an increasing division in Australian society caused by government policies favouring migrants (multiculturalism) and indigenous Australians.[3]

Bahrain edit

Main article: 2011 Bahraini uprising

Thousands of Bahraini Shia Muslims protested in March 2011 against the Bahraini government's naturalisation policy of granting citizenship to Sunni Muslims from other countries serving in the military of Bahrain.[4]

Bhutan edit

Main article: Immigration to Bhutan

Bhutan has a long-standing concern with the demographic threat posed by the immigration of ethnically distinct Nepali immigrants.[5][6][7][8]

Canada edit

See also: Revenge of the cradle, Languages of Canada, and Religion in Canada

During the 19th and 20th centuries (until the 1960s), the French-speaking Catholic minority of Canada managed to maintain its share of the population due to a high birth rate, dubbed the "revenge of the cradle."

Estonia edit

In Estonia, one of the causes of the Singing Revolution was the concern over the demographic threat to the national identity posed by the influx of individuals from foreign ethnic groups to work on such large Soviet development projects as phosphate mining.[9][10]

India edit

Many Hindu Indians see Muslims as a "demographic threat" because of their large population growth due to high fertility rates[11] and because of the high rate of illegal immigration from Bangladesh.[12][13][14]

Israel edit

In the 1950s, Shoham Melamad found that the high fertility rate of Arabs was viewed as a demographic threat to the Jewish nation.[15] Rabbi Menachem Mendel Schneerson, however, stated that Arabs in Israel should be treated equally to any other Israeli citizens and be allowed to have children just like any other citizen.[16] A 1967 Maariv editorial suggested that Jews should be encouraged to have large families, while Palestinians in the West Bank, Gaza Strip and in Israel should be encouraged to adopt birth control measures. Schnitzer also advocated for the adoption of an open policy encouraging Arabs to emigrate from Israel.[17]

In 2003, Benjamin Netanyahu opined that if the percentage of Arab citizens of Israel rises above its current level of about 20 percent, Israel would not be able to retain a Jewish demographic majority, the basis of Israel's self-definition as a "Jewish democratic state". Netanyahu's comments were criticized as racist by Arab Knesset members and the Association for Civil Rights in Israel.[18][19] In May 2009, Michael Oren wrote an article in Commentary in which he discussed the "Arab Demographic Threat" as one of "Seven Existential Threats" facing Israel.[20] In 2005, Shimon Peres told US officials that Israel had "lost" land in the Negev "to the Bedouin" and would need to take steps to "relieve" the "demographic threat". In 2010, Netanyahu warned in a government meeting that a Negev "without a Jewish majority" would pose "a palpable threat".[21] In February 2014, then Israeli finance minister Yair Lapid said failure to establish a Palestinian state would leave Israel facing a demographic threat that could undermine its Jewish and democratic nature.[22]

Malaysia edit

The Malaysian government has been accused of masterminding Project IC to alter the demographic pattern of the East Malaysian state of Sabah.[23]

Northern Ireland edit

Main article: Politics of Northern Ireland § Political demography

In Northern Ireland, Protestants are more likely to favour continued political union with the United Kingdom, and Catholics are more likely to favour political union with the Republic of Ireland. When Ireland was partitioned in the 1920s and Northern Ireland came into existence, Protestants were roughly 60% of the population, but as a result of higher fertility rates among Catholics, their share of the population has dropped to less than 50% in the 2011 census, while Catholics numbered only slightly fewer than Protestants. There is debate over whether and to what extent the trend will continue and its possible impact on the political situation.

Russia edit

Russia fears the "demographic threat" posed by the potential for "large-scale Chinese immigration" to its thinly populated far east.[24] Illegal immigration of Chinese nationals is a special concern.[25] There were also fears of a Muslim-majority Russia eventually coming into fruition (for instance, by Paul A. Goble), though such fears have also been criticized as being unrealistic, irrational, and/or unfounded.[26]

Sweden edit

Sweden's main statistics bureau, Statistics Sweden (SCB), does not keep any record of ethnicity,[27] but about 20% of Sweden's population is of foreign background.[28] Some immigrants in Sweden feel that they experience "betweenship" that arises when others ascribe them an identity that they do not hold.[29]

The growing numbers of immigrants has coincided with the rise of and anti-immigration political party, the Sweden Democrats, which believe in a demographic threat, especially by the rise of Islam in Sweden. Since the 1990s, polls show that people in Sweden have gradually become more positive to asylum-seekers.[30]

United States edit

Some in the United States have expressed concern about the "demographic threat" posed by migrants from Latin America, particularly Mexico, and their descendants.[31] In a similar vein, in 2000, Peter Brimelow of the immigration restrictionist website VDARE set forth an unfounded conspiracy theory that the Democratic Party, with the illogically imagined support of the Republican Party, is importing a new, less white, electorate that is more favorable to the former.[32]

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ Source: The Age, 20 March 1984
  2. ^ Goot, Murray (November 2005). "Pauline Hanson's One Nation: extreme right, centre party or extreme left?". Labour History. 89 (89): 101–119. doi:10.2307/27516078. JSTOR 27516078.
  3. ^ Ben-Moshe, Danny (July 2001). "One Nation and the Australian far right". Patterns of Prejudice. 35 (3): 24–40. doi:10.1080/003132201128811205. S2CID 145077630.
  4. ^ "Thousands stage rally in Bahrain". Al Jazeera. 9 March 2011. Retrieved 28 December 2013.
  5. ^ Bhutan: A Movement in Exile By D. N. S. Dhakal, Christopher Strawn, Nirala Publications, 1994, p. 312
  6. ^ Bhutan: Perspectives on Conflict and Dissent, Michael Hutt, Published by Kiscadale, 1994, p. 91
  7. ^ European Bulletin of Himalayan Research, Universität Heidelberg Südasien-Institut, Südasien Institut, 1991, p. 25
  8. ^ In Defence of Democracy: Dynamics and Fault Lines of Nepal's Political Economy, Ram Sharan Mahat, Adroit Publishers, 2005, p. 265
  9. ^ Estonia and the Estonians, Toivo U. Raun, Hoover Press, 2001, p. 223
  10. ^ Understanding Ethnic Violence: Fear, Hatred, and Resentment in Twentieth-century Eastern Europe, Roger Dale Petersen, Cambridge University Press, 2002, p. 156
  11. ^ Women, States, and Nationalism: At Home in the Nation?, By Sita Ranchod-Nilsson, Mary Ann Tétreault, Routledge, 2000, p. 111
  12. ^ Why India is concerned about Bangladesh, Ramananda Sengupta | December 22, 2005 [1] 2011-05-25 at the Wayback Machine
  13. ^ Mohajir's Pakistan, M.K. Chitkara. Pub. A.P.H., Delhi, 1996, p. 21
  14. ^ Illegal Migration from Bangladesh, Braja Bihārī Kumāra, Astha Bharati, Centre for North East Studies and Policy Research, Astha Bharati, 2006, p. 86
  15. ^ Shenhav, 2006, p. 191.
  16. ^ Does A High Arab Birthrate Threaten Israel?
  17. ^ Masalha, 2000, pp. 200-202.
  18. ^ Sedan, Gil (18 December 2003). "Netanyahu: Israel's Arabs are the real demographic threat". Haaretz.
  19. ^ "MKs slam Netanyahu's remarks about Israeli Arabs". 17 December 2003.
  20. ^ . www.commentarymagazine.com. Archived from the original on 2009-05-08. Retrieved 2009-05-13.
  21. ^ Ben White (22 October 2012). "Israel: Ethnic cleansing in the Negev". aljazeera.com. Retrieved 2014-11-15.
  22. ^ AP (17 February 2014). "Lapid warns failure of peace talks poses demographic threat". ynetnews.com. Retrieved 2014-11-16.
  23. ^ Sadiq, Kamal (2005). "When States Prefer Non-Citizens Over Citizens: Conflict Over Illegal Immigration into Malaysia" (PDF). International Studies Quarterly. 49: 101–122. doi:10.1111/j.0020-8833.2005.00336.x. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2007-06-14. Retrieved 2008-04-23.
  24. ^ Russia's Far East: a region at risk By Judith Thornton, Charles E. Ziegler, University of Washington Press, 2002, p.22
  25. ^ Security and Migration in Asia: The Dynamics of Securitisation, By Melissa Curley, Siu-lun Wong, Taylor & Francis, 2007, p. 87
  26. ^ "Predicting a Majority-Muslim Russia". 6 August 2005.
  27. ^ Jenny Stiernstedt (15 May 2012). "Faktakoll: Rött ljus för Reinfeldt". Svenska Dagbladet. Retrieved 2017-08-20.
  28. ^ . Statistics Sweden. 2013. Archived from the original on 12 October 2013.
  29. ^ Johan, Nikula (16 August 2017). "Mellanförskap - svenskhet, ursprung och invandrarskap". {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  30. ^ (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 20 September 2015.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  31. ^ Keeping Out the Other: A Critical Introduction to Immigration Enforcement Today, David Brotherton, Philip Kretsedemas, Columbia University Press, 2008, p. 17
  32. ^ Unguarded Gates: A History of America's Immigration Crisis. Rowman & Littlefield. 2006. ISBN 9780742522299.

Bibliography edit

External links edit

  • Ynet: Demographic threat a myth
  • Haaretz: Netanyahu's use of the term "demographic bomb"
  • , Middle East Journal, Volume 67, No. 2, Spring 2013 pp. 185–205

January 01, 1970
demographic, threat, concept, demographic, threat, demographic, bomb, term, used, political, conversation, demography, refer, population, increases, from, within, minority, ethnic, religious, group, given, country, that, perceived, threatening, ethnic, racial,. The concept of demographic threat or demographic bomb is a term used in political conversation or demography to refer to population increases from within a minority ethnic or religious group in a given country that is perceived as threatening to the ethnic racial or religious majority stability of the country or to the identity of said countries in which it is present in Contents 1 Examples in countries 1 1 Australia 1 2 Bahrain 1 3 Bhutan 1 4 Canada 1 5 Estonia 1 6 India 1 7 Israel 1 8 Malaysia 1 9 Northern Ireland 1 10 Russia 1 11 Sweden 1 12 United States 2 See also 3 References 4 Bibliography 5 External linksExamples in countries editAustralia edit Main article White Australia policy In 1984 Geoffrey Blainey an Australian historian and academic criticised a comment by a spokesman to Immigration Minister Stewart West of the Australian Labor Party that the increasing Asianisation was inevitable Blainey responded I do not accept the view widely held in the Federal Cabinet that some kind of slow Asian takeover of Australia is inevitable I do not believe that we are powerless I do believe that we can with good will and good sense control our destiny As a people we seem to move from extreme to extreme In the past 30 years the government of Australia has moved from the extreme of wanting a white Australia to the extreme of saying that we will have an Asian Australia and that the quicker we move towards it the better 1 In the 1996 Australian federal election Pauline Hanson was elected to the Division of Oxley In her controversial maiden speech to the Australian House of Representatives she expressed her belief that Australia was in danger of being swamped by Asians Hanson went on to form the One Nation Party which initially won nearly one quarter of the vote in Queensland state elections before it entering a period of decline because of internal disputes 2 The name One Nation was meant to signify national unity in contrast to what Hanson claimed as an increasing division in Australian society caused by government policies favouring migrants multiculturalism and indigenous Australians 3 Bahrain edit Main article 2011 Bahraini uprising Thousands of Bahraini Shia Muslims protested in March 2011 against the Bahraini government s naturalisation policy of granting citizenship to Sunni Muslims from other countries serving in the military of Bahrain 4 Bhutan edit Main article Immigration to Bhutan Bhutan has a long standing concern with the demographic threat posed by the immigration of ethnically distinct Nepali immigrants 5 6 7 8 Canada edit See also Revenge of the cradle Languages of Canada and Religion in Canada During the 19th and 20th centuries until the 1960s the French speaking Catholic minority of Canada managed to maintain its share of the population due to a high birth rate dubbed the revenge of the cradle Estonia edit In Estonia one of the causes of the Singing Revolution was the concern over the demographic threat to the national identity posed by the influx of individuals from foreign ethnic groups to work on such large Soviet development projects as phosphate mining 9 10 India edit Many Hindu Indians see Muslims as a demographic threat because of their large population growth due to high fertility rates 11 and because of the high rate of illegal immigration from Bangladesh 12 13 14 Israel edit In the 1950s Shoham Melamad found that the high fertility rate of Arabs was viewed as a demographic threat to the Jewish nation 15 Rabbi Menachem Mendel Schneerson however stated that Arabs in Israel should be treated equally to any other Israeli citizens and be allowed to have children just like any other citizen 16 A 1967 Maariv editorial suggested that Jews should be encouraged to have large families while Palestinians in the West Bank Gaza Strip and in Israel should be encouraged to adopt birth control measures Schnitzer also advocated for the adoption of an open policy encouraging Arabs to emigrate from Israel 17 In 2003 Benjamin Netanyahu opined that if the percentage of Arab citizens of Israel rises above its current level of about 20 percent Israel would not be able to retain a Jewish demographic majority the basis of Israel s self definition as a Jewish democratic state Netanyahu s comments were criticized as racist by Arab Knesset members and the Association for Civil Rights in Israel 18 19 In May 2009 Michael Oren wrote an article in Commentary in which he discussed the Arab Demographic Threat as one of Seven Existential Threats facing Israel 20 In 2005 Shimon Peres told US officials that Israel had lost land in the Negev to the Bedouin and would need to take steps to relieve the demographic threat In 2010 Netanyahu warned in a government meeting that a Negev without a Jewish majority would pose a palpable threat 21 In February 2014 then Israeli finance minister Yair Lapid said failure to establish a Palestinian state would leave Israel facing a demographic threat that could undermine its Jewish and democratic nature 22 Malaysia edit The Malaysian government has been accused of masterminding Project IC to alter the demographic pattern of the East Malaysian state of Sabah 23 Northern Ireland edit Main article Politics of Northern Ireland Political demography In Northern Ireland Protestants are more likely to favour continued political union with the United Kingdom and Catholics are more likely to favour political union with the Republic of Ireland When Ireland was partitioned in the 1920s and Northern Ireland came into existence Protestants were roughly 60 of the population but as a result of higher fertility rates among Catholics their share of the population has dropped to less than 50 in the 2011 census while Catholics numbered only slightly fewer than Protestants There is debate over whether and to what extent the trend will continue and its possible impact on the political situation Russia edit Russia fears the demographic threat posed by the potential for large scale Chinese immigration to its thinly populated far east 24 Illegal immigration of Chinese nationals is a special concern 25 There were also fears of a Muslim majority Russia eventually coming into fruition for instance by Paul A Goble though such fears have also been criticized as being unrealistic irrational and or unfounded 26 Sweden edit Sweden s main statistics bureau Statistics Sweden SCB does not keep any record of ethnicity 27 but about 20 of Sweden s population is of foreign background 28 Some immigrants in Sweden feel that they experience betweenship that arises when others ascribe them an identity that they do not hold 29 The growing numbers of immigrants has coincided with the rise of and anti immigration political party the Sweden Democrats which believe in a demographic threat especially by the rise of Islam in Sweden Since the 1990s polls show that people in Sweden have gradually become more positive to asylum seekers 30 United States edit Some in the United States have expressed concern about the demographic threat posed by migrants from Latin America particularly Mexico and their descendants 31 In a similar vein in 2000 Peter Brimelow of the immigration restrictionist website VDARE set forth an unfounded conspiracy theory that the Democratic Party with the illogically imagined support of the Republican Party is importing a new less white electorate that is more favorable to the former 32 See also editDemographic trap Fifth column Great Replacement Natalism Political demography Revenge of the cradleReferences edit Source The Age 20 March 1984 Goot Murray November 2005 Pauline Hanson s One Nation extreme right centre party or extreme left Labour History 89 89 101 119 doi 10 2307 27516078 JSTOR 27516078 Ben Moshe Danny July 2001 One Nation and the Australian far right Patterns of Prejudice 35 3 24 40 doi 10 1080 003132201128811205 S2CID 145077630 Thousands stage rally in Bahrain Al Jazeera 9 March 2011 Retrieved 28 December 2013 Bhutan A Movement in Exile By D N S Dhakal Christopher Strawn Nirala Publications 1994 p 312 Bhutan Perspectives on Conflict and Dissent Michael Hutt Published by Kiscadale 1994 p 91 European Bulletin of Himalayan Research Universitat Heidelberg Sudasien Institut Sudasien Institut 1991 p 25 In Defence of Democracy Dynamics and Fault Lines of Nepal s Political Economy Ram Sharan Mahat Adroit Publishers 2005 p 265 Estonia and the Estonians Toivo U Raun Hoover Press 2001 p 223 Understanding Ethnic Violence Fear Hatred and Resentment in Twentieth century Eastern Europe Roger Dale Petersen Cambridge University Press 2002 p 156 Women States and Nationalism At Home in the Nation By Sita Ranchod Nilsson Mary Ann Tetreault Routledge 2000 p 111 Why India is concerned about Bangladesh Ramananda Sengupta December 22 2005 1 Archived 2011 05 25 at the Wayback Machine Mohajir s Pakistan M K Chitkara Pub A P H Delhi 1996 p 21 Illegal Migration from Bangladesh Braja Bihari Kumara Astha Bharati Centre for North East Studies and Policy Research Astha Bharati 2006 p 86 Shenhav 2006 p 191 Does A High Arab Birthrate Threaten Israel Masalha 2000 pp 200 202 Sedan Gil 18 December 2003 Netanyahu Israel s Arabs are the real demographic threat Haaretz MKs slam Netanyahu s remarks about Israeli Arabs 17 December 2003 Seven Existential Threats www commentarymagazine com Archived from the original on 2009 05 08 Retrieved 2009 05 13 Ben White 22 October 2012 Israel Ethnic cleansing in the Negev aljazeera com Retrieved 2014 11 15 AP 17 February 2014 Lapid warns failure of peace talks poses demographic threat ynetnews com Retrieved 2014 11 16 Sadiq Kamal 2005 When States Prefer Non Citizens Over Citizens Conflict Over Illegal Immigration into Malaysia PDF International Studies Quarterly 49 101 122 doi 10 1111 j 0020 8833 2005 00336 x Archived from the original PDF on 2007 06 14 Retrieved 2008 04 23 Russia s Far East a region at risk By Judith Thornton Charles E Ziegler University of Washington Press 2002 p 22 Security and Migration in Asia The Dynamics of Securitisation By Melissa Curley Siu lun Wong Taylor amp Francis 2007 p 87 Predicting a Majority Muslim Russia 6 August 2005 Jenny Stiernstedt 15 May 2012 Faktakoll Rott ljus for Reinfeldt Svenska Dagbladet Retrieved 2017 08 20 Summary of Population Statistics 1960 2012 Statistics Sweden 2013 Archived from the original on 12 October 2013 Johan Nikula 16 August 2017 Mellanforskap svenskhet ursprung och invandrarskap a href Template Cite journal html title Template Cite journal cite journal a Cite journal requires journal help Archived copy PDF Archived from the original PDF on 24 September 2015 Retrieved 20 September 2015 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint archived copy as title link Keeping Out the Other A Critical Introduction to Immigration Enforcement Today David Brotherton Philip Kretsedemas Columbia University Press 2008 p 17 Unguarded Gates A History of America s Immigration Crisis Rowman amp Littlefield 2006 ISBN 9780742522299 Bibliography editMasalha Nur 2000 Imperial Israel And The Palestinians The Politics of Expansion Pluto Press ISBN 0 7453 1615 8 Shenhav Yehouda 2006 The Arab Jews A Postcolonial Reading of Nationalism Religion and Ethnicity Stanford University Press ISBN 0 8047 5296 6 Pat Buchanan The Death of the West 2001 External links editYnet Demographic threat a myth Haaretz Netanyahu s use of the term demographic bomb What Counts is the Counting Statistical Manipulation as a Solution to Israel s Demographic Problem Middle East Journal Volume 67 No 2 Spring 2013 pp 185 205 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Demographic threat amp oldid 1214601446, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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