Defenestration (from Modern Latinfenestra[1]) is the act of throwing someone or something out of a window.[2] The term was coined around the time of an incident in Prague Castle in the year 1618 which became the spark that started the Thirty Years' War. This was done in "good Bohemian style", referring to the defenestration which had occurred in Prague's New Town Hall almost 200 years earlier (July 1419), which also on that occasion led to the Hussite war.[3] The word comes from the New Latin[4]de- (down from) and fenestra (window or opening).[5]
The term originates from two incidents in history, both occurring in Prague. In 1419, seven town officials were thrown from the New Town Hall, precipitating the Hussite War. In 1618, two Imperial governors and their secretary were tossed from the Prague Castle, sparking the Thirty Years' War.[7] These incidents, particularly that in 1618, were referred to as the Defenestrations of Prague and gave rise to the term and the concept.
The word itself is derived from New Latindefenestratio; with dē meaning "out" + fenestra meaning "window" + -atio as a suffix indicating an action or process.
Around the 9th century BC, Queen Jezebel was defenestrated by her own eunuch servants, at the urging of Jehu, according to the Hebrew Bible. (2 Kings 9:33)
It has been suggested by several chronicles (notably the Annals of Westhide Abbey) that King John killed his nephew, Arthur of Brittany, by defenestration from the castle at Rouen, France, in 1203.
In 1378, the crafts and their leader Wouter van der Leyden occupied the Leuven city hall and seized the Leuven government. Most of the patricians left the city and fled to Aarschot. After negotiations between the parties, they agreed to share the government. The patricians did not accept this easily, as it caused them to lose their absolute power. In an attempt to regain absolute control, they had Wouter van der Leyden assassinated in Brussels. Seeking revenge, the crafts handed over the patrician to a furious crowd. The crowd stormed the city hall and defenestrated the patricians. At least 15 patricians were killed during this defenestration of Leuven.
In 1383, Bishop Dom Martinho was defenestrated by the citizens of Lisbon, having been suspected of conspiring with the enemy when Lisbon was besieged by the Castilians.
In 1483, Prague's Old-Town portreeve and the bodies of seven murdered New-Town aldermen were defenestrated.
On May 16, 1562, Adham Khan, Akbar's general and foster brother, was defenestrated twice for murdering a rival general, Ataga Khan, who had been recently promoted by Akbar. Akbar was woken up in the tumult after the murder. He struck Adham Khan down personally with his fist and immediately ordered his defenestration by royal order. The first time, his legs were broken as a result of the 12-metre (40-foot) fall from the ramparts of Agra Fort but he remained alive. Akbar, in a rare act of cruelty probably exacerbated by his anger at the loss of his favorite general, ordered his defenestration a second time, killing him. Adham Khan had wrongly counted on the influence of his mother and Akbar's wet nurse, Maham Anga, to save him as she was almost an unofficial regent in the days of Akbar's youth. Akbar personally informed Maham Anga of her son's death, to which she famously commented, "You have done well." She died 40 days later of acute depression.[8]
In 1572, French King Charles IX's friend, the Huguenot leader Gaspard de Coligny, was killed in accordance with the wishes of Charles' mother, Catherine de' Medici. Charles had allegedly said "then kill them all that no man be left to reproach me". Thousands of Huguenots were killed in the St. Bartholomew's Day massacre after soldiers attacked Coligny in his house, stabbed him, and defenestrated him.
In 1618, rebel Protestant leaders in Prague defenestrate two Catholic Royal regents and their secretary, who survived the 20-metre (68-foot) fall out of the windows of Prague Castle.
On the morning of December 1, 1640, in Lisbon, a group of supporters of the Duke of Braganza party found Miguel de Vasconcelos, the hated Portuguese Secretary of State of the Habsburg Philip III, hidden in a closet, killed him and defenestrated him. His corpse was left to the public outrage.
On June 11, 1903, a group of Serbian army officers murdered and defenestrated King Alexander and Queen Draga.
In 1922, Italian politician and writer Gabriele d'Annunzio was temporarily crippled after falling from a window, possibly pushed by a follower of Benito Mussolini.[9]
In March to April 1932, Ivanovo region of Soviet Union, due to ration cuts and labor intensification measures, strikes and spontaneous assemblies broke out. Ten thousand demonstrators ransacked the party and police buildings with slogans like "Toss the Communists . . . out the window."[10]
On March 10, 1948, the Czechoslovakian minister of foreign affairs Jan Masaryk was found dead, in his pyjamas, in the courtyard of the Foreign Ministry below his bathroom window. The initial investigation stated that he committed suicide by jumping out of the window, although some believe that he was murdered by the ascendant Communists. A 2004 police investigation into his death concluded that, contrary to the initial ruling, he did not commit suicide, but was defenestrated, most likely by Czechoslovak Communists and their Soviet NKVD advisers for his opposition to the February 1948 Communist putsch.[11]
On November 28, 1953, the U.S. biological warfare specialist Frank Olson died after a fall from a hotel window that has been suggested to have been an assassination by the CIA.[12]
On April 15, 1966, two suspects in the so-called Bathroom Coup in Sri Lanka, Corporal Tilekawardene and L. V. Podiappuhamy (otherwise known as Dodampe Mudalali), were said by the Criminal Investigations Department (CID) to have jumped to their deaths from the fourth floor of the CID building in the Fort. At the inquest, following receipt of new evidence, the magistrate altered the verdict of suicide to one of culpable homicide.[14] The remainder of the suspects were acquitted.
In 1969, Italian AnarchistGiuseppe Pinelli was seen falling to his death from a fourth floor window of the Milan police station after being arrested because of claims of his involvement in the Piazza Fontana bombing, of which he was later cleared.[15]
In 1977, as a result of political backlash against her son Fela Kuti's album Zombie, Funmilayo Ransome-Kuti was thrown from a second-story window during a military raid by one thousand Nigerian soldiers on Kuti's compound, the Kalakuta Republic. The injuries sustained from the fall led Ransome-Kuti to lapse into a coma; she would remain in a coma for more than a year, and eventually succumb to her injuries on 13 April 1978.[17][18] Ransome-Kuti's death would be commemorated in her son's protest song "Coffin for Head of State".[19]
The 2000 Ramallah lynching included throwing the (already-dead) body of either Vadim Nurzhitz or Yossi Avrahami out of a second-floor window, after those two Israeli soldiers had been lynched.
On March 2, 2007, Russianinvestigative journalistIvan Safronov, who was researching the Kremlin's covert arms deals, fell to his death from a fifth floor window. Friends and colleagues discounted suicide as a reason, and an investigation was opened looking into possible "incitement to suicide".[20]
In 2007 in Gaza, gunmen allegedly affiliated with Hamas killed a Fatah supporter by defenestration, an act repeated the next day when a Hamas supporter was defenestrated by alleged supporters of Fatah.[21]
In 2017, retired French physician and teacher Sarah Halimi was killed in an attack on her home near Paris that ended with her being pushed from a third-floor window. Her death was widely perceived as an example of Islamist terrorism and antisemitism. Her assailant was ruled to be not criminally responsible due to having committed the act in a psychotic episode brought on by his heavy use of cannabis.
On September 1, 2022, Ravil Maganov, a Russian businessman who had criticized the country's invasion of Ukraine, died after falling from a window of a hospital in Moscow on the same day the hospital was visited by Russian President Vladimir Putin.[22] Some people who knew Maganov well said his death was unlikely to have been a suicide, and some media hypothesized a connection with various other mysterious deaths of Russian businesspeople occurring around the same time.[23]
Notable autodefenestrations
For the suicide method of jumping from height, out of a window, see Autodefenestration.
A stuntman diving out a window
Autodefenestration (or self-defenestration) is the term used for the act of jumping, propelling oneself, or causing oneself to fall, out of a window.
In the Acts of the Apostles in the New Testament, the accidental autodefenestration of a young man of Troas named Eutychus is recorded. The Apostle Paul was travelling to Jerusalem and had stopped for seven days in Troas. While Paul was preaching in a third-story room late on a Sunday night to the local assembly of Christian believers, Eutychus drifted off to sleep and fell out of the window in which he was sitting. The text indicates that Eutychus did not survive but was brought back to life after Paul embraced him. (Acts 20:6–12)
In December 1840, Abraham Lincoln and four other Illinois legislators jumped out of a window in a political maneuver designed to prevent a quorum on a vote that would have eliminated the Illinois State Bank.[24]
During the Revolutions of 1848, an agitated crowd forced their way into the town hall in Cologne and two city councillors panicked and jumped out of the window; one of them broke both his legs. The event went down in the city's history as the "Cologne Defenestration".[25]
In 1991, British informer Martin McGartland was abducted by members of the Provisional IRA. As he waited to be interrogated, McGartland escaped the IRA by jumping from a third floor window in a Twinbrook flat where he had been taken for interrogation following his abduction, and survived the fall.
On July 9, 1993, the prominent Toronto attorney Garry Hoy fell from a 24th story window in an attempt to demonstrate to a group of new legal interns that the windows of the city's Toronto-Dominion Centre were unbreakable. He had performed the same stunt on several previous occasions – dramatically slamming his body against the window – but this time it popped out of its frame and he fell to his death. The accident was commemorated by a 1996 Darwin Award and has been re-enacted in several films and television shows.[26][27][28]
In 1995, the French philosopher Gilles Deleuze jumped from his Paris apartment to his death.[29]
In 1999, popular German Schlager singer Rex Gildo committed suicide by jumping out of the window of his apartment building.[30]
In his poem Defenestration, R. P. Lister wrote with amusement about the creation of so exalted a word for so basic a concept. The poem narrates the thoughts of a philosopher undergoing defenestration. As he falls, the philosopher considers why there should be a particular word for the experience, when many equally simple concepts do not have specific names. In an evidently ironic commentary on the word, Lister has the philosopher summarize his thoughts with, "I concluded that the incidence of logodaedaly was purely adventitious."[31][32]
There is a range of hacker witticisms referring to "defenestration". For example, the term is sometimes used humorously among Linux users to describe the act of removing Microsoft Windows from a computer.[33]
References
^. Oxford English Dictionary. Archived from the original on November 8, 2020.
^Duggan, Christopher (March 6, 2013). "The allure of D'Annunzio". Times Literary Supplement. from the original on November 11, 2014.
^Stephen Kotkin. Stalin: Volume 2. New York: Penguin Press. p. 95.[ISBN missing]
^Cameron, Rob (January 6, 2001). "Police close case on 1948 death of Jan Masaryk – murder, not suicide". Radio Praha. from the original on February 23, 2015.
^Schoenberg, Tom (July 17, 2013). "CIA Cover-Up Suit Over Scientist's Fatal Fall Dismissed". Bloomberg News. from the original on March 4, 2014.
^Nájera Morrondo, Rafael (2019). El Instituto de Salud Carlos III en el marco de la evolución de la Salud Pública(PDF). Madrid: Instituto de Salud Carlos III. p. 178.
^Salgado, M.S.L. (July 20, 2007). "Dr. W.D.L. Fernando: Men of his calibre are rare". Tamil Week. from the original on December 3, 2010.
^Celestine Bohlen (September 26, 1997). "Dispute in Italy Is Conjuring Up Its Terrorist Past". The New York Times.
^Matthew McKinnon (August 12, 2005). "Rebel Yells: A protest music mixtape". Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. from the original on April 5, 2010. Retrieved November 22, 2009.
^"Remembering Funmilayo Ransome-Kuti: Nigeria's 'lioness of Lisabi'".
^"Fela Kuti's "Coffin for Head of State" is life or death protest music". February 21, 2020.
^Claims of 'incitement to suicide' after journalist falls to his death 2007-05-15 at the Wayback Machine
^Palestinian gunmen target Haniyeh's home in Gaza, Associated Press, 11/06/2007 "Palestinian gunmen target Haniyeh's home in Gaza - Haaretz - Israel News". from the original on August 28, 2008. Retrieved October 4, 2008.
^Nazaryan, Alexander (September 1, 2022). "Russian oil executive dies after falling from Moscow window: Reports". Yahoo! News. Retrieved September 1, 2022.
^"Top Russian oil official dies after fall from hospital window". Reuters. September 1, 2022. from the original on September 1, 2022. Retrieved September 1, 2022.
^Evon, Dan (July 15, 2021). "Did Abraham Lincoln Jump Out a Window to Prevent a Quorum?". Snopes. Retrieved January 17, 2023.
^Demmer, Manfred (March 26, 2008). "Der 'Kölner Fenstersturz' 1848". Neue Rheinische Zeitung (in German). from the original on April 2, 2015.
^Mikkelson, Barbara; Mikkelson, David P. (January 21, 2007). "Through a Glass, Quickly". Snopes. Retrieved September 5, 2011.
^McNish, Jaquie (March 14, 2007). "Law firm Goodman and Carr shutting down". The Globe and Mail. from the original on October 26, 2012. Retrieved September 8, 2011.
^Mikkelson, Barbara; Mikkelson, David P. (1996). "1996 Darwin Awards: Lawyer Aloft". Darwin Awards. from the original on September 3, 2011. Retrieved September 5, 2011.
^Marzoni, Andrew (August 3, 2020). "The Philosophical Leftovers of Gilles Deleuze". The Nation. Retrieved March 11, 2022.}
^"Nach dem Selbstmordversuch: Rex Gildo ist tot". Der Spiegel (in German). October 27, 1999. ISSN 2195-1349. Retrieved September 1, 2022.
^R. P. Lister; Defenestration; The New Yorker, 16 September 1956.
^J. M. Cohen (Ed.); Yet more comic and curious verse; Penguin Books (1959)[ISBN missing][page needed]
^Eric S. Raymond (1996). The New Hacker's Dictionary. MIT Press. p. 147. ISBN978-0-262-68092-9.
External links
The dictionary definition of defenestration at Wiktionary
April 06, 2023
defenestration, other, uses, disambiguation, from, modern, latin, fenestra, throwing, someone, something, window, term, coined, around, time, incident, prague, castle, year, 1618, which, became, spark, that, started, thirty, years, this, done, good, bohemian, . For other uses see Defenestration disambiguation Defenestration from Modern Latin fenestra 1 is the act of throwing someone or something out of a window 2 The term was coined around the time of an incident in Prague Castle in the year 1618 which became the spark that started the Thirty Years War This was done in good Bohemian style referring to the defenestration which had occurred in Prague s New Town Hall almost 200 years earlier July 1419 which also on that occasion led to the Hussite war 3 The word comes from the New Latin 4 de down from and fenestra window or opening 5 Matthaus Merian s impression of the 1618 Defenestration of Prague By extension the term is also used to describe the forcible or peremptory removal of an adversary 6 Contents 1 Origin 2 Notable cases 2 1 Notable autodefenestrations 3 In popular culture 4 References 5 External linksOrigin EditThe term originates from two incidents in history both occurring in Prague In 1419 seven town officials were thrown from the New Town Hall precipitating the Hussite War In 1618 two Imperial governors and their secretary were tossed from the Prague Castle sparking the Thirty Years War 7 These incidents particularly that in 1618 were referred to as the Defenestrations of Prague and gave rise to the term and the concept The word itself is derived from New Latin defenestratio with de meaning out fenestra meaning window atio as a suffix indicating an action or process Notable cases EditThis section needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed May 2011 Learn how and when to remove this template message The defenestration of the Biblical Queen Jezebel at Jezreel by Gustave Dore See also Category Deaths by defenestration Giorgio Vasari s impression of the St Bartholomew s Day massacre Around the 9th century BC Queen Jezebel was defenestrated by her own eunuch servants at the urging of Jehu according to the Hebrew Bible 2 Kings 9 33 It has been suggested by several chronicles notably the Annals of Westhide Abbey that King John killed his nephew Arthur of Brittany by defenestration from the castle at Rouen France in 1203 In 1378 the crafts and their leader Wouter van der Leyden occupied the Leuven city hall and seized the Leuven government Most of the patricians left the city and fled to Aarschot After negotiations between the parties they agreed to share the government The patricians did not accept this easily as it caused them to lose their absolute power In an attempt to regain absolute control they had Wouter van der Leyden assassinated in Brussels Seeking revenge the crafts handed over the patrician to a furious crowd The crowd stormed the city hall and defenestrated the patricians At least 15 patricians were killed during this defenestration of Leuven In 1383 Bishop Dom Martinho was defenestrated by the citizens of Lisbon having been suspected of conspiring with the enemy when Lisbon was besieged by the Castilians In 1419 Hussite mob defenestrated a judge the burgomaster and some thirteen members of the town council of New Town of Prague In 1452 King James II of Scotland murdered William Douglas 8th Earl of Douglas with his own hands and defenestrated him at Stirling Castle On April 26 1478 after the failure of the Pazzi conspiracy to murder the ruler of Florence Lorenzo de Medici Jacopo de Pazzi was defenestrated In 1483 Prague s Old Town portreeve and the bodies of seven murdered New Town aldermen were defenestrated On May 16 1562 Adham Khan Akbar s general and foster brother was defenestrated twice for murdering a rival general Ataga Khan who had been recently promoted by Akbar Akbar was woken up in the tumult after the murder He struck Adham Khan down personally with his fist and immediately ordered his defenestration by royal order The first time his legs were broken as a result of the 12 metre 40 foot fall from the ramparts of Agra Fort but he remained alive Akbar in a rare act of cruelty probably exacerbated by his anger at the loss of his favorite general ordered his defenestration a second time killing him Adham Khan had wrongly counted on the influence of his mother and Akbar s wet nurse Maham Anga to save him as she was almost an unofficial regent in the days of Akbar s youth Akbar personally informed Maham Anga of her son s death to which she famously commented You have done well She died 40 days later of acute depression 8 In 1572 French King Charles IX s friend the Huguenot leader Gaspard de Coligny was killed in accordance with the wishes of Charles mother Catherine de Medici Charles had allegedly said then kill them all that no man be left to reproach me Thousands of Huguenots were killed in the St Bartholomew s Day massacre after soldiers attacked Coligny in his house stabbed him and defenestrated him In 1618 rebel Protestant leaders in Prague defenestrate two Catholic Royal regents and their secretary who survived the 20 metre 68 foot fall out of the windows of Prague Castle On the morning of December 1 1640 in Lisbon a group of supporters of the Duke of Braganza party found Miguel de Vasconcelos the hated Portuguese Secretary of State of the Habsburg Philip III hidden in a closet killed him and defenestrated him His corpse was left to the public outrage On June 27 1844 Joseph Smith founder of the Latter Day Saint movement was shot and pushed out of one of the windows of the Carthage Jail in Carthage Illinois while attempting to escape a mob On June 11 1903 a group of Serbian army officers murdered and defenestrated King Alexander and Queen Draga In 1922 Italian politician and writer Gabriele d Annunzio was temporarily crippled after falling from a window possibly pushed by a follower of Benito Mussolini 9 In March to April 1932 Ivanovo region of Soviet Union due to ration cuts and labor intensification measures strikes and spontaneous assemblies broke out Ten thousand demonstrators ransacked the party and police buildings with slogans like Toss the Communists out the window 10 On March 10 1948 the Czechoslovakian minister of foreign affairs Jan Masaryk was found dead in his pyjamas in the courtyard of the Foreign Ministry below his bathroom window The initial investigation stated that he committed suicide by jumping out of the window although some believe that he was murdered by the ascendant Communists A 2004 police investigation into his death concluded that contrary to the initial ruling he did not commit suicide but was defenestrated most likely by Czechoslovak Communists and their Soviet NKVD advisers for his opposition to the February 1948 Communist putsch 11 On November 28 1953 the U S biological warfare specialist Frank Olson died after a fall from a hotel window that has been suggested to have been an assassination by the CIA 12 In 1962 Communist Party of Spain member Julian Grimau was seemingly tortured and then defenestrated from the premises of the Direccion General de Seguridad in Madrid suffering fractures to the wrists and serious skull injuries 13 prior to his execution in 1963 On April 15 1966 two suspects in the so called Bathroom Coup in Sri Lanka Corporal Tilekawardene and L V Podiappuhamy otherwise known as Dodampe Mudalali were said by the Criminal Investigations Department CID to have jumped to their deaths from the fourth floor of the CID building in the Fort At the inquest following receipt of new evidence the magistrate altered the verdict of suicide to one of culpable homicide 14 The remainder of the suspects were acquitted In 1968 the son of China s future paramount leader Deng Xiaoping Deng Pufang was thrown from a window by Red Guards during the Cultural Revolution In 1969 Italian Anarchist Giuseppe Pinelli was seen falling to his death from a fourth floor window of the Milan police station after being arrested because of claims of his involvement in the Piazza Fontana bombing of which he was later cleared 15 In 1970 Turkish idealist student Ertugrul Dursun Onkuzu was defenestrated from the third floor of a school by a group of left wing students in Ankara 16 In 1977 as a result of political backlash against her son Fela Kuti s album Zombie Funmilayo Ransome Kuti was thrown from a second story window during a military raid by one thousand Nigerian soldiers on Kuti s compound the Kalakuta Republic The injuries sustained from the fall led Ransome Kuti to lapse into a coma she would remain in a coma for more than a year and eventually succumb to her injuries on 13 April 1978 17 18 Ransome Kuti s death would be commemorated in her son s protest song Coffin for Head of State 19 The 2000 Ramallah lynching included throwing the already dead body of either Vadim Nurzhitz or Yossi Avrahami out of a second floor window after those two Israeli soldiers had been lynched On March 2 2007 Russian investigative journalist Ivan Safronov who was researching the Kremlin s covert arms deals fell to his death from a fifth floor window Friends and colleagues discounted suicide as a reason and an investigation was opened looking into possible incitement to suicide 20 In 2007 in Gaza gunmen allegedly affiliated with Hamas killed a Fatah supporter by defenestration an act repeated the next day when a Hamas supporter was defenestrated by alleged supporters of Fatah 21 In 2017 retired French physician and teacher Sarah Halimi was killed in an attack on her home near Paris that ended with her being pushed from a third floor window Her death was widely perceived as an example of Islamist terrorism and antisemitism Her assailant was ruled to be not criminally responsible due to having committed the act in a psychotic episode brought on by his heavy use of cannabis On September 1 2022 Ravil Maganov a Russian businessman who had criticized the country s invasion of Ukraine died after falling from a window of a hospital in Moscow on the same day the hospital was visited by Russian President Vladimir Putin 22 Some people who knew Maganov well said his death was unlikely to have been a suicide and some media hypothesized a connection with various other mysterious deaths of Russian businesspeople occurring around the same time 23 Notable autodefenestrations Edit For the suicide method of jumping from height out of a window see Autodefenestration A stuntman diving out a window Autodefenestration or self defenestration is the term used for the act of jumping propelling oneself or causing oneself to fall out of a window In the Acts of the Apostles in the New Testament the accidental autodefenestration of a young man of Troas named Eutychus is recorded The Apostle Paul was travelling to Jerusalem and had stopped for seven days in Troas While Paul was preaching in a third story room late on a Sunday night to the local assembly of Christian believers Eutychus drifted off to sleep and fell out of the window in which he was sitting The text indicates that Eutychus did not survive but was brought back to life after Paul embraced him Acts 20 6 12 In December 1840 Abraham Lincoln and four other Illinois legislators jumped out of a window in a political maneuver designed to prevent a quorum on a vote that would have eliminated the Illinois State Bank 24 During the Revolutions of 1848 an agitated crowd forced their way into the town hall in Cologne and two city councillors panicked and jumped out of the window one of them broke both his legs The event went down in the city s history as the Cologne Defenestration 25 In 1991 British informer Martin McGartland was abducted by members of the Provisional IRA As he waited to be interrogated McGartland escaped the IRA by jumping from a third floor window in a Twinbrook flat where he had been taken for interrogation following his abduction and survived the fall On July 9 1993 the prominent Toronto attorney Garry Hoy fell from a 24th story window in an attempt to demonstrate to a group of new legal interns that the windows of the city s Toronto Dominion Centre were unbreakable He had performed the same stunt on several previous occasions dramatically slamming his body against the window but this time it popped out of its frame and he fell to his death The accident was commemorated by a 1996 Darwin Award and has been re enacted in several films and television shows 26 27 28 In 1995 the French philosopher Gilles Deleuze jumped from his Paris apartment to his death 29 In 1999 popular German Schlager singer Rex Gildo committed suicide by jumping out of the window of his apartment building 30 In 2001 at least 104 people jumped out of the Twin Towers on 9 11 In popular culture EditIn his poem Defenestration R P Lister wrote with amusement about the creation of so exalted a word for so basic a concept The poem narrates the thoughts of a philosopher undergoing defenestration As he falls the philosopher considers why there should be a particular word for the experience when many equally simple concepts do not have specific names In an evidently ironic commentary on the word Lister has the philosopher summarize his thoughts with I concluded that the incidence of logodaedaly was purely adventitious 31 32 There is a range of hacker witticisms referring to defenestration For example the term is sometimes used humorously among Linux users to describe the act of removing Microsoft Windows from a computer 33 References Edit Meaning of defenestration in English Oxford English Dictionary Archived from the original on November 8 2020 Oxford English Dictionary Swedish encyclopedia NE2000 digital version article defenestrestrationerna i Prag same ref New Latin could be said to be the collection of Latin words which wasn t in use by the Romans Douglas Harper 2001 defenestration Online Etymological Dictionary Archived from the original on October 10 2016 Latin American Herald Tribune Caracas Metromayor s Political Defenestration All But Complete in Venezuela www laht com Archived from the original on April 14 2018 Retrieved May 9 2018 Wedgwood C V 1938 The Thirty Years War 2005 ed New York Review of Books pp 78 79 ISBN 978 1 59017 146 2 Abu Fazl Akbarnama Archived November 21 2008 at the Wayback Machine Duggan Christopher March 6 2013 The allure of D Annunzio Times Literary Supplement Archived from the original on November 11 2014 Stephen Kotkin Stalin Volume 2 New York Penguin Press p 95 ISBN missing Cameron Rob January 6 2001 Police close case on 1948 death of Jan Masaryk murder not suicide Radio Praha Archived from the original on February 23 2015 Schoenberg Tom July 17 2013 CIA Cover Up Suit Over Scientist s Fatal Fall Dismissed Bloomberg News Archived from the original on March 4 2014 Najera Morrondo Rafael 2019 El Instituto de Salud Carlos III en el marco de la evolucion de la Salud Publica PDF Madrid Instituto de Salud Carlos III p 178 Salgado M S L July 20 2007 Dr W D L Fernando Men of his calibre are rare Tamil Week Archived from the original on December 3 2010 Celestine Bohlen September 26 1997 Dispute in Italy Is Conjuring Up Its Terrorist Past The New York Times Isinsu Emine 1994 Sanci 13 basim ed Beyoglu Istanbul Otuken ISBN 975 437 044 3 OCLC 49377274 Matthew McKinnon August 12 2005 Rebel Yells A protest music mixtape Canadian Broadcasting Corporation Archived from the original on April 5 2010 Retrieved November 22 2009 Remembering Funmilayo Ransome Kuti Nigeria s lioness of Lisabi Fela Kuti s Coffin for Head of State is life or death protest music February 21 2020 Claims of incitement to suicide after journalist falls to his death Archived 2007 05 15 at the Wayback Machine Palestinian gunmen target Haniyeh s home in Gaza Associated Press 11 06 2007 Palestinian gunmen target Haniyeh s home in Gaza Haaretz Israel News Archived from the original on August 28 2008 Retrieved October 4 2008 Nazaryan Alexander September 1 2022 Russian oil executive dies after falling from Moscow window Reports Yahoo News Retrieved September 1 2022 Top Russian oil official dies after fall from hospital window Reuters September 1 2022 Archived from the original on September 1 2022 Retrieved September 1 2022 Evon Dan July 15 2021 Did Abraham Lincoln Jump Out a Window to Prevent a Quorum Snopes Retrieved January 17 2023 Demmer Manfred March 26 2008 Der Kolner Fenstersturz 1848 Neue Rheinische Zeitung in German Archived from the original on April 2 2015 Mikkelson Barbara Mikkelson David P January 21 2007 Through a Glass Quickly Snopes Retrieved September 5 2011 McNish Jaquie March 14 2007 Law firm Goodman and Carr shutting down The Globe and Mail Archived from the original on October 26 2012 Retrieved September 8 2011 Mikkelson Barbara Mikkelson David P 1996 1996 Darwin Awards Lawyer Aloft Darwin Awards Archived from the original on September 3 2011 Retrieved September 5 2011 Marzoni Andrew August 3 2020 The Philosophical Leftovers of Gilles Deleuze The Nation Retrieved March 11 2022 Nach dem Selbstmordversuch Rex Gildo ist tot Der Spiegel in German October 27 1999 ISSN 2195 1349 Retrieved September 1 2022 R P Lister Defenestration The New Yorker 16 September 1956 J M Cohen Ed Yet more comic and curious verse Penguin Books 1959 ISBN missing page needed Eric S Raymond 1996 The New Hacker s Dictionary MIT Press p 147 ISBN 978 0 262 68092 9 External links Edit The dictionary definition of defenestration at Wiktionary Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Defenestration amp oldid 1147614159, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
