Dapingian
The Dapingian is the third stage of the Ordovician period and the first stage of the Middle Ordovician series. It is preceded by the Floian and succeeded by the Darriwilian. The top of the Floian is defined as the first appearance of the conodont species Baltoniodus triangularis which happened about 470 million years ago. The Dapingian lasted for about 2.7 million years until about 467.3 million years ago.[7]
| Dapingian | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chronology | |||||||||
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| Etymology | |||||||||
| Name formality | Formal | ||||||||
| Usage information | |||||||||
| Celestial body | Earth | ||||||||
| Regional usage | Global (ICS) | ||||||||
| Time scale(s) used | ICS Time Scale | ||||||||
| Definition | |||||||||
| Chronological unit | Age | ||||||||
| Stratigraphic unit | Stage | ||||||||
| Time span formality | Formal | ||||||||
| Lower boundary definition | FAD of the Conodont Baltoniodus triangularis | ||||||||
| Lower boundary GSSP | Huanghuachang section, Huanghuachang, Yichang, China 30°51′38″N 111°22′26″E / 30.8605°N 111.3740°E | ||||||||
| Lower GSSP ratified | 2007[5] | ||||||||
| Upper boundary definition | FAD of the Graptolite Undulograptus austrodentatus | ||||||||
| Upper boundary GSSP | Huangnitang Section, Huangnitang Village, Changshan, Zhejiang, China 28°51′14″N 118°29′23″E / 28.8539°N 118.4897°E | ||||||||
| Upper GSSP ratified | 1987[6] | ||||||||
History edit
The Ordovician was divided into three series and six global stages in 1995; in 2005, this was amended to seven stages with the formalization of the Hirnantian stage as the last stage in the Late Ordovician. The Dapingian was the last Ordovician stage to be ratified, and was initially referred to as an informal and unnamed "third stage" corresponding to the early part of the Middle Ordovician. This third stage was meant to represent the appearance of several major index fossils. The conodont Baltoniodus triangularis, a species found in Baltica and China, defined the base of the regional Baltic Volkhov stage. Another conodont, Tripodus laevis, defined the base of the Whiterockian stage in western North America. T. laevis was also roughly correlated with the appearance of Isograptus v. lunatus, an abundant worldwide graptolite.[8][9]
The Whiterock Narrows section in the Ninemile Formation of Nevada was the initial suggestion for the GSSP of the third stage, but a 2001 review of the site revealed that its local conodont fauna was misaligned with wider graptolite zonation. In its place, two formal GSSP candidates were proposed. The Niquivil section of Argentina used another widespread species, Protoprioniodus (Cooperignathus) aranda, as a proxy for B. triangularis, T. laevis, and graptolites, which were absent from the section.[10] The Huanghuachang section of China hosted a more diverse fauna of index fossils, including Baltoniodus triangularis and biostratigraphically useful graptolites and chitinozoans.[9] The Huanghuachang section was approved as the GSSP for the third stage in 2006, and was ratified by the ICS in 2007.[11][12]
Naming edit
The Dapingian is named after Daping, a village that lies near the Dapingian GSSP at Huanghuachang. Daping is very close to an outcrop with similar rocks, the "Chenjiahe section" (formerly "Daping section") in Chenjiahe.[11] The name of the Dapingian stage was introduced in 2007 and approved alongside the stage's ratification, beating out earlier suggestions such as "Volkhovian" and "Huanghuachangian".[12]
GSSP edit
The Global Boundary Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) of the Dapingian is the Huanghuachang section (30°51′38″N 111°22′26″E / 30.8605°N 111.3740°E), in Huanghuachang, Yichang, China. It is an outcrop of the Dawan Formation. The lower boundary is defined as the first appearance of the conodont species Baltoniodus triangularis in the type section. Radiometric dating has constrained the Floian-Dapingian boundary at 470 million years ago.[7] The exact boundary lies 10.57 m above the base of Dawan Formation.[9][11]
Regional stages edit
The Dapingian overlaps with the upper part of the Arenig, a geologic stage used in England.[13] It is also equivalent to the lower part of the North American Whiterockian stage, most of the Baltic/Russian Volkhov stage, and the Castlemainian and Yapeenian stages which have been used in Australia and Scandinavia.
References edit
- ^ Wellman, C.H.; Gray, J. (2000). "The microfossil record of early land plants". Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B. 355 (1398): 717–732. doi:10.1098/rstb.2000.0612. PMC 1692785. PMID 10905606.
- ^ Korochantseva, Ekaterina; Trieloff, Mario; Lorenz, Cyrill; Buykin, Alexey; Ivanova, Marina; Schwarz, Winfried; Hopp, Jens; Jessberger, Elmar (2007). "L-chondrite asteroid breakup tied to Ordovician meteorite shower by multiple isochron 40 Ar- 39 Ar dating". Meteoritics & Planetary Science. 42 (1): 113–130. Bibcode:2007M&PS...42..113K. doi:10.1111/j.1945-5100.2007.tb00221.x.
- ^ Lindskog, A.; Costa, M. M.; Rasmussen, C.M.Ø.; Connelly, J. N.; Eriksson, M. E. (2017-01-24). "Refined Ordovician timescale reveals no link between asteroid breakup and biodiversification". Nature Communications. 8: 14066. doi:10.1038/ncomms14066. ISSN 2041-1723. PMC 5286199. PMID 28117834.
It has been suggested that the Middle Ordovician meteorite bombardment played a crucial role in the Great Ordovician Biodiversification Event, but this study shows that the two phenomena were unrelated
- ^ "Chart/Time Scale". www.stratigraphy.org. International Commission on Stratigraphy.
- ^ Chen, Xu; Bergström, Stig; Zhang, Yuan-Dong; Fan, Jun-Xuan (2009). "The base of the Middle Ordovician in China with special reference to the succession at Hengtang near Jiangshan, Zhejiang Province, southern China" (PDF). Lethaia. 42 (2): 218–231. doi:10.1111/j.1502-3931.2008.00148.x. Retrieved 13 December 2020.
- ^ Mitchell, C.; Xu, Chen; Yuan-dong, Zhang; ZhI-hao, Wang; Webby, B.; Finney, S. (September 1997). "Definition of a global boundary stratotype for the Darriwilian Stage of the Ordovician System". Episodes. 20 (3): 158–166. doi:10.18814/epiiugs/1997/v20i3/003. Retrieved 13 December 2020.
- ^ a b "GSSP Table - Paleozoic Era". Geologic TimeScale Foundation. Retrieved 24 November 2012.Note: there is an apparent typo in the article referenced; they give the coordinates as "a latitude of 30°51’37.8"N and a longitude of 110°22’26.5"E", but their map and location description better corresponds to 30°51’37.8"N 111°22’26.5"E.
- ^ Finney, S. (2005). "Global Series and Stages for the Ordovician System: A Progress Report". Geologica Acta. 3 (4): 309–316. doi:10.1344/104.000001381.
- ^ a b c Wang, Xiaofeng; Stouge, Svend; Erdtmann, Bernd-D.; Chen, Xiaohong; Li, Zhihong; Wang, Chuanshang; Zeng, Qingluan; Zhou, Zhiqiang; Chen, Huiming (2005). "A proposed GSSP for the base of the Middle Ordovician Series: the Huanghuachang section, Yichang, China" (PDF). Episodes. 28 (2): 105–117. doi:10.18814/epiiugs/2005/v28i2/004. Retrieved 4 June 2013.
- ^ Albanesi, Guillermo L.; Carrera, Marcelo G.; Cañas, Fernando L.; Saltzman, Matthew (2006-03-01). "A proposed Global Boundary Stratotype Section and Point for the base of the Middle Ordovician Series: The Niquivil section, Precordillera of San Juan, Argentina". Episodes. 29 (1): 1–15. doi:10.18814/epiiugs/2006/v29i1/001. ISSN 0705-3797. S2CID 128233348.
- ^ a b c Wang, Xiaofeng; Stouge, Svend; Xiaohong, Chen; Zhihong, Li; Chuanshang, Wang; Finney, Stan C.; Qingluan, Zeng; Zhiqiang, Zhou; Huiming, Chen; Erdtmann, Bernd-D. (2009). "The Global Stratotype Section and Point for the base of the Middle Ordovician Series and the Third Stage (Dapingian)" (PDF). Episodes. 32 (2): 96–113. doi:10.18814/epiiugs/2009/v32i2/003. S2CID 43893965. Retrieved 4 June 2013.
- ^ a b Wang, Xiaofeng; Stouge, Svend; Chen, Xiaohong; Li, Zhihong; Wang, Chuanshang (2009). "Dapingian Stage: standard name for the lowermost global stage of the Middle Ordovician Series". Lethaia. 42 (3): 377–380. doi:10.1111/j.1502-3931.2009.00169.x.
- ^ Gradstein, F. M., ed. (2012). The Geologic Time Scale 2012. Elsevier Science Ltd. p. 504. ISBN 978-0444594259.