The Crimean Roma (also known as Crimean gypsies, Tatar gypsies, Ayuji (Crimean Tatar for 'bear cub'), Krymy, or Çingene,[a]Tajfa or Dajfa) are a sub-ethnic group of the Muslim Roma heavily assimilated among Crimean Tatars[1] to the point that they are often considered to be the fourth subgroup of Crimean Tatars.[2][3] Currently, they live in many countries of the former Soviet Union, including Russia. They speak the Crimean Tatar language and their own Crimean Romani dialect.[4] Crimean Roma traditionally practice Islam.
Gypsies arrived on the territory of Crimea with the Golden Horde. In the Crimean Khanate, the Roma, like people of other nations, were not harassed; the authorities did not persecute them and they were not treated with contempt.[5] In Crimea, they led a sedentary and semi-sedentary lifestyle, engage in productive labor and music.[5] In the 18th century, Islam became the traditional religion of the Crimean gypsies. Roma researcher Nikolai Stieber wrote in his essay on Roma in Crimea:
Все крымские цыгане исповедуют мусульманскую веру, многие из них выполняют даже заповеди Корана не менее строго, чем другие мусульмане. Крымские цыгане живут постоянно среди татарского населения, носят обыкновенно татарские имена, говорят свободно на татарском языке. В отношении одежды цыгане стараются подражать татарам: мужчины одеваются в халаты, покрывают голову татарской шапкой: цыганки на голове татарскую шапочку. Чингене в качестве ремесленников пользуются среди местного населения большим успехом и влиянием, к ним относятся как к честным труженикам. Некоторые из крымских цыган служат носильщиками на судах при нагрузке зернового хлеба; ведут разносную торговлю. Крымские цыгане играют на дауле, скрипке и зурне; они играют всюду, где только их приглашают; в городских кофейнях и гостиницах, на татарских свадьбах и вечерах.
All Crimean gypsies profess the Muslim faith, many of them even fulfill the commandments of the Koran no less strictly than other Muslims. Crimean gypsies live permanently among the Tatar population, usually have Tatar names, speak fluently in the Crimean Tatar language. With regard to clothing, the gypsies try to imitate the Tatars: men dress in bathrobes, cover their heads with a Tatar hat: gypsies wear a Tatar hat on their heads. Chingene as artisans enjoy great success and influence among the local population, they are treated as honest workers. Some of the Crimean gypsies serve as porters on ships when loading grain bread; carry on a peddling trade. Crimean gypsies play the daul, violin and zurna; they play wherever they are invited; in city coffee houses and hotels, at Tatar weddings, sünnet toy (circumcision evenings).
Auguste Raffet. Gypsies of Crimea at the mosque (on the ground), 1837
Crimean Roma lived in Crimea and in the Kuban steppe, which was part of the Crimean Khanate. The Crimean Roma were the first Roma to appear in the Kuban steppe. Today, the descendants of the first Roma who settled in the Kuban do not call themselves Crimean gypsies, but Kuban gypsies, while they retain the Crimean dialect of the Romani language and follow Islam and boys are circumcised.
From 1854 to 1862, Tatar Roma together with the Crimean Tatars were expelled to the Ottoman Empire. Most settled in Northern Bulgaria, especially in Dobruja, near the Danube, and in the Vidin region.
Crimean Tatar intervention saved the lives of many Crimean Roma from the Nazis; the estimates of what percent of Crimean Roma survived the Holocaust vary, with some estimates 30%,[6] but there is widespread disagreement on how many survived due to the fluid identity of Crimean Roma who often self-designated themselves as Crimean Tatars.[7][8] In 1944, the Crimean Roma were deported to Central Asia alongside their Crimean Tatar brethren, partially because many of the surviving Crimean Roma were registered as Crimean Tatars in their Soviet passports.[7]
In 1948–1949, some of the Crimean Roma began to return to Crimea, although many remained in exile with Crimean Tatars and further assimilated into the Crimean Tatar people.
According to the 2014 Crimean census, the Roma were the youngest ethnic group in Crimea with an average age of 28.3 years, while the average age of the entire republic was 40.9 years.[9]
^Kamusella, Tomasz; Nomachi, Motoki; Gibson, Catherine (2016-04-29). The Palgrave Handbook of Slavic Languages, Identities and Borders. Springer. ISBN978-1-137-34839-5.
^Geisenhainer, Katja; Lange, Katharina (2005). Bewegliche Horizonte: Festschrift zum 60. Geburtstag von Bernhard Streck (in German). Leipziger Universitätsverlag. ISBN978-3-86583-078-4.
^Marushiakova, Elena; Vesselin, Popov (2004). "Segmentation vs. consolidation: The example of four Gypsy groups in CIS" (PDF). Romani Studies. 14 (2): 145–191. doi:10.3828/rs.2004.6.
^ abc (in Russian). avdet.org. 28 July 2019. Archived from the original on 2019-08-02. Retrieved 2019-12-27.
^Gerlach, Christian (2016-03-14). The Extermination of the European Jews. Cambridge University Press. ISBN978-1-316-54608-6.
^ abKucherenko, Olga (2016-07-14). Soviet Street Children and the Second World War: Welfare and Social Control under Stalin. Bloomsbury Publishing. ISBN978-1-4742-1343-1.
^Kay, Alex J.; Rutherford, Jeff; Stahel, David (2012). Nazi Policy on the Eastern Front, 1941: Total War, Genocide, and Radicalization. University Rochester Press. ISBN978-1-58046-407-9.
^. Archived from the original on 2017-10-26. Retrieved 2017-10-25.
Sourcesedit
Yanush Panchenko, Mykola Homanyuk. (2023). Servur'a and Krym'a (Crimean Roma) as indigenous peoples of Ukraine // Etnografia Polska, 67(1–2). p. 155-173.
Toropov, V. G. (2009). Crimean Roma: Language and Folklore(PDF). Translated by Stepanov, A. V. Unona Publishing House. ISBN978-5-89729-118-2. (PDF) from the original on 2023-04-21.
"Crimean Gypsies". Poemas del río Wang. June 2014.
"Oral History of Tatar Roma of Bulgaria". Roma: past, present, future. Khristo Ki︠u︡chukov, Elena Marushiakova, Veselin Popov, Gypsy Lore Society. Annual Meeting. Muenchen: Lincom GmbH. 2016. ISBN978-3-86288-736-1. OCLC 985346229.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: others (link)
Smirnova-Seslavinskaya, M. V. (November 2016). "ROMA MIGRATION IN THE SOUTHERN REGIONS OF THE RUSSIAN EMPIRE AND CRIMEA, FORMATION OF THE CRIMEAN ROMA (KRYMY) COMMUNITY". CyberLeninka (in Russian).
January 01, 1970
crimean, roma, also, known, crimean, gypsies, tatar, gypsies, ayuji, crimean, tatar, bear, krymy, çingene, tajfa, dajfa, ethnic, group, muslim, roma, heavily, assimilated, among, crimean, tatars, point, that, they, often, considered, fourth, subgroup, crimean,. The Crimean Roma also known as Crimean gypsies Tatar gypsies Ayuji Crimean Tatar for bear cub Krymy or Cingene a Tajfa or Dajfa are a sub ethnic group of the Muslim Roma heavily assimilated among Crimean Tatars 1 to the point that they are often considered to be the fourth subgroup of Crimean Tatars 2 3 Currently they live in many countries of the former Soviet Union including Russia They speak the Crimean Tatar language and their own Crimean Romani dialect 4 Crimean Roma traditionally practice Islam Crimean RomaFamily of Crimean Roma in the Stavropol Governorate Pre Russian Revolution Total population20 000 25 000Regions with significant populationsUkraine RussiaLanguagesCrimean Romani Crimean Tatar RussianReligionSunni IslamRelated ethnic groupsUrsari Ruska Roma Gurbeti Crimean Tatars Contents 1 History and ethnogenesis 2 Settlement and migration 3 Demographics 4 See also 5 Note 6 References 7 SourcesHistory and ethnogenesis edit nbsp Auguste Raffet Crimean gypsies Lithograph 1837 Gypsies arrived on the territory of Crimea with the Golden Horde In the Crimean Khanate the Roma like people of other nations were not harassed the authorities did not persecute them and they were not treated with contempt 5 In Crimea they led a sedentary and semi sedentary lifestyle engage in productive labor and music 5 In the 18th century Islam became the traditional religion of the Crimean gypsies Roma researcher Nikolai Stieber wrote in his essay on Roma in Crimea Vse krymskie cygane ispoveduyut musulmanskuyu veru mnogie iz nih vypolnyayut dazhe zapovedi Korana ne menee strogo chem drugie musulmane Krymskie cygane zhivut postoyanno sredi tatarskogo naseleniya nosyat obyknovenno tatarskie imena govoryat svobodno na tatarskom yazyke V otnoshenii odezhdy cygane starayutsya podrazhat tataram muzhchiny odevayutsya v halaty pokryvayut golovu tatarskoj shapkoj cyganki na golove tatarskuyu shapochku Chingene v kachestve remeslennikov polzuyutsya sredi mestnogo naseleniya bolshim uspehom i vliyaniem k nim otnosyatsya kak k chestnym truzhenikam Nekotorye iz krymskih cygan sluzhat nosilshikami na sudah pri nagruzke zernovogo hleba vedut raznosnuyu torgovlyu Krymskie cygane igrayut na daule skripke i zurne oni igrayut vsyudu gde tolko ih priglashayut v gorodskih kofejnyah i gostinicah na tatarskih svadbah i vecherah All Crimean gypsies profess the Muslim faith many of them even fulfill the commandments of the Koran no less strictly than other Muslims Crimean gypsies live permanently among the Tatar population usually have Tatar names speak fluently in the Crimean Tatar language With regard to clothing the gypsies try to imitate the Tatars men dress in bathrobes cover their heads with a Tatar hat gypsies wear a Tatar hat on their heads Chingene as artisans enjoy great success and influence among the local population they are treated as honest workers Some of the Crimean gypsies serve as porters on ships when loading grain bread carry on a peddling trade Crimean gypsies play the daul violin and zurna they play wherever they are invited in city coffee houses and hotels at Tatar weddings sunnet toy circumcision evenings Nikolai Stieber 5 Settlement and migration edit nbsp Auguste Raffet Gypsies of Crimea at the mosque on the ground 1837Crimean Roma lived in Crimea and in the Kuban steppe which was part of the Crimean Khanate The Crimean Roma were the first Roma to appear in the Kuban steppe Today the descendants of the first Roma who settled in the Kuban do not call themselves Crimean gypsies but Kuban gypsies while they retain the Crimean dialect of the Romani language and follow Islam and boys are circumcised From 1854 to 1862 Tatar Roma together with the Crimean Tatars were expelled to the Ottoman Empire Most settled in Northern Bulgaria especially in Dobruja near the Danube and in the Vidin region Crimean Tatar intervention saved the lives of many Crimean Roma from the Nazis the estimates of what percent of Crimean Roma survived the Holocaust vary with some estimates 30 6 but there is widespread disagreement on how many survived due to the fluid identity of Crimean Roma who often self designated themselves as Crimean Tatars 7 8 In 1944 the Crimean Roma were deported to Central Asia alongside their Crimean Tatar brethren partially because many of the surviving Crimean Roma were registered as Crimean Tatars in their Soviet passports 7 In 1948 1949 some of the Crimean Roma began to return to Crimea although many remained in exile with Crimean Tatars and further assimilated into the Crimean Tatar people Currently the majority of Crimean Roma live outside of Crimea in Krasnodar Krai Russia There are also families living in Ukraine namely in Kyiv Zhytomyr Vinnytsia and Kherson Demographics editAccording to the 2014 Crimean census the Roma were the youngest ethnic group in Crimea with an average age of 28 3 years while the average age of the entire republic was 40 9 years 9 See also editKalderash Lovari Ruska Roma Servitka RomaNote edit Russian chingene anglicized as Chingen References edit Romani Studies Gypsy Lore Society 2004 Kamusella Tomasz Nomachi Motoki Gibson Catherine 2016 04 29 The Palgrave Handbook of Slavic Languages Identities and Borders Springer ISBN 978 1 137 34839 5 Geisenhainer Katja Lange Katharina 2005 Bewegliche Horizonte Festschrift zum 60 Geburtstag von Bernhard Streck in German Leipziger Universitatsverlag ISBN 978 3 86583 078 4 Marushiakova Elena Vesselin Popov 2004 Segmentation vs consolidation The example of four Gypsy groups in CIS PDF Romani Studies 14 2 145 191 doi 10 3828 rs 2004 6 a b c Krymskie cygane ili chingene kto oni in Russian avdet org 28 July 2019 Archived from the original on 2019 08 02 Retrieved 2019 12 27 Gerlach Christian 2016 03 14 The Extermination of the European Jews Cambridge University Press ISBN 978 1 316 54608 6 a b Kucherenko Olga 2016 07 14 Soviet Street Children and the Second World War Welfare and Social Control under Stalin Bloomsbury Publishing ISBN 978 1 4742 1343 1 Kay Alex J Rutherford Jeff Stahel David 2012 Nazi Policy on the Eastern Front 1941 Total War Genocide and Radicalization University Rochester Press ISBN 978 1 58046 407 9 Demograficheskie perspektivy krymskih tatar Gazeta Golos Kryma new oficialnyj sajt Archived from the original on 2017 10 26 Retrieved 2017 10 25 Sources editYanush Panchenko Mykola Homanyuk 2023 Servur a and Krym a Crimean Roma as indigenous peoples of Ukraine Etnografia Polska 67 1 2 p 155 173 Toropov V G 2009 Crimean Roma Language and Folklore PDF Translated by Stepanov A V Unona Publishing House ISBN 978 5 89729 118 2 Archived PDF from the original on 2023 04 21 Crimean Gypsies Poemas del rio Wang June 2014 Oral History of Tatar Roma of Bulgaria Roma past present future Khristo Ki u chukov Elena Marushiakova Veselin Popov Gypsy Lore Society Annual Meeting Muenchen Lincom GmbH 2016 ISBN 978 3 86288 736 1 OCLC 985346229 a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a CS1 maint others link Smirnova Seslavinskaya M V November 2016 ROMA MIGRATION IN THE SOUTHERN REGIONS OF THE RUSSIAN EMPIRE AND CRIMEA FORMATION OF THE CRIMEAN ROMA KRYMY COMMUNITY CyberLeninka in Russian Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Crimean Roma amp oldid 1208701849, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
