Medicine Hat

This article is about the city in Alberta, Canada. For other uses, see Medicine Hat (disambiguation).

"The Gas City" redirects here. For the city in Indiana, see Gas City, Indiana. For the company, see Gas City, Ltd.

Medicine Hat is a city in southeast Alberta, Canada. It is located along the South Saskatchewan River. It is approximately 169 km (105 mi) east of Lethbridge and 295 km (183 mi) southeast of Calgary. This city and the adjacent Town of Redcliff to the northwest are within Cypress County. Medicine Hat was the eighth-largest city in Alberta in 2021 with a population of 63,271. It is also the sunniest place in Canada according to Environment and Climate Change Canada,^[10] averaging 2,544 hours of sunshine a year.

Medicine Hat
City
Downtown Medicine Hat overlooking the City Hall
Flag Coat of arms Logo
Nicknames:  "The Hat", "The Gas City" "Saamis"^[1]
Motto(s):  Animo et Fide  (Latin) "By Courage and Faith"
City boundaries
Medicine Hat Location in Alberta Show map of Alberta Medicine Hat Location in Canada Show map of Canada Medicine Hat Location in Cypress County Show map of Cypress County
Coordinates: 50°02′27″N 110°40′36″W / 50.04083°N 110.67667°W / 50.04083; -110.67667^[2]
Country	Canada
Province	Alberta
Planning region	South Saskatchewan
Municipal district	Cypress County
Founded	1883
Incorporated^[3]
• Village	May 31, 1894
• Town	November 1, 1898
• City	May 9, 1906
Government ^[4]
• Mayor	Linnsie Clark
• Governing body	Medicine Hat City Council Robert Dumanowski Darren Hirsch Karen Ramona Robins Allison Knodel Alison Van Dyke Cassi Hider Shila Sharps Andy McGrogan
• CAO	Ann Mitchell
• MP	Glen Motz –(Cons – Medicine Hat—Cardston—Warner)
• MLAs	Justin Wright –(UCP – Cypress-Medicine Hat) Danielle Smith –(UCP – Brooks-Medicine Hat)
Area  (2021)^[5]
• Land	111.97 km^2 (43.23 sq mi)
Elevation ^[6]	690 m (2,260 ft)
Population  (2021)^[5]
• Total	63,271
• Density	565.1/km^2 (1,464/sq mi)
• Municipal census (2015)	63,018^[7]
• Estimate (2020)	65,527^[8]
Demonym	Hatter^[9]
Time zone	UTC−07:00 (MST)
• Summer (DST)	UTC−06:00 (MDT)
Forward sortation areas	T1A - T1C
Area code(s)	368, 403, 587, 825
Highways	1, 3, 41A
Waterways	South Saskatchewan River, Seven Persons Creek, Ross Creek
Railways	Canadian Pacific Kansas City
Website	medicinehat.ca

Started as a railway town, today Medicine Hat is served by the Trans-Canada Highway (Highway 1) and the eastern terminus of the Crowsnest Highway (Highway 3). Nearby communities considered part of the Medicine Hat area include the Town of Redcliff (abutting the city's northwest boundary) and the hamlets of Desert Blume, Dunmore, Irvine, Seven Persons, and Veinerville. The Cypress Hills (including Cypress Hills Interprovincial Park) is a relatively short distance (by car) to the southeast of the city.

Historically, Medicine Hat has been known for its large natural gas fields, being immortalized by Rudyard Kipling as having "all hell for a basement".^[11] Because of these reserves, the city is known as "The Gas City".^[12]

In 2021, Medicine Hat became the first city in Canada to achieve "functional zero" chronic homelessness, defined as three consecutive months where three or fewer individuals experienced chronic homelessness. They were able to achieve this due to their adoption of a Housing First policy to combat homelessness beginning in 2009.^[13]

History

Name origins and ancient history

The name "Medicine Hat" is an English interpretation of Saamis (SA-MUS) – the Blackfoot word for the eagle tail feather headdress worn by medicine men.^[14] Several legends are associated with the name of a mythical mer-man river serpent named Soy-yee-daa-bee – the Creator – who appeared to a hunter and instructed him to sacrifice his wife to get mystical powers which were manifested in a special hat. Another legend tells of a battle long ago between the Blackfoot and the Cree in which a retreating Cree "Medicine Man" lost his headdress in the South Saskatchewan River.

A number of natural factors have always made Medicine Hat a gathering place. The gently sloping valley with its converging waterways and hardy native cottonwood trees attracted both the migratory bison herds which passed through the area, and humans who used the waterways and hunted the bison. Before Europeans arrived, the historic Blackfoot, Cree and Assiniboine nations used the area for hundreds of years, and were preceded for thousands of years by previous indigenous cultures.

Beginning in 1971, archeological excavations supervised by scholars from Medicine Hat College (MHC) were conducted at what became known as Saamis Archeological Site along Seven Persons Creek, near a historic Blackfoot buffalo jump. These revealed numerous artifacts associated with bands of First Nations ancestors, known as the Old Women's Phase to archeologists. They found "quantities of stone tools, fire cracked rock, butchered bone and pottery", marking this as an important spot. Most of the bones were identified as bison. Additional excavations were conducted in 1972 and 1973, and a field school for college students was based there. They "excavated and mapped over 3,200 sq. ft. of living floors and nearly 80 features including hearths and stone boiling pits. Radiocarbon dates indicate the Saamis Site was initially occupied about AD 1500 and again around AD 1750",^[15] well before most European contact.

Also in this area, further to the west, other MHC students and faculty were part of an excavation in 2000 at what became known as the Hillside Campsite, where two layers of finds were made. The upper layer had artifacts from the Old Women's Phase, but the lower layers were found to be much older, containing Pelican Lake Phase remains that were dated to between 1000 and 1500 BC.^[15]

Modern founding

 

Canadian Pacific Railway Station (1906)

In 1883, when the Canadian Pacific Railway (CPR) reached Medicine Hat and crossed the river, European Canadians established a town site. They named it from the First Nations legends. As growth took place, in 1889 Medicine Hat built the first hospital west of Winnipeg. The CPR established this town as a railway divisional point. The frontier settlement was incorporated as a town on October 31, 1898. In 1905 when the province of Alberta was founded, it took in Medicine Hat, which had formerly been in the district of Assiniboia. Medicine Hat was incorporated as a city on May 9, 1906.^{[citation needed]} The depot itself is still standing and has been a National Historic Site itself since 1992.

Medicine Hat is halfway between Winnipeg and Vancouver, British Columbia, on the Pacific Coast.

Industrialization and Growth

 

Medicine Hat Speedway Derby

Rich in natural resources including natural gas, coal, clay, and farmland, the town became industrialized and was known in its early days as "the Pittsburgh of the West”. A number of large industries located here, attracted by the cheap and plentiful energy resources. Coal mines, brick works, pottery and glass bottle manufacturing plants, flour mills, etc. became established. Altaglass, an art and functional glass production company operated in Medicine Hat from 1950 to 1988.^{[16] [17]}With transportation access via the railway and river, the town became a service and trade center for the agriculture and its products, both commodity crops and livestock, of the surrounding area. Between 1909 and 1914 the town had an economic boom that increased the population to more than 10,000. Little growth occurred between the World Wars.

During World War II, one of the largest prisoner-of-war camps (P.O.W.) in Canada was established here in January, 1943 and was used primarily to hold German and Italian prisoners until April, 1946.[1] It was not until the 1950s of the post-war period that the town again had commercial growth.

In the 21st century, Medicine Hat promotes its quality of life and affordable cost of living, enjoying the savings of a city-owned gas utility and power generation plant. Major industries have included chemical plants, a Goodyear tire and rubber plant, greenhouses, numerous oil and gas related companies, a foundry, I-XL Industries (a brickworks dating from the 1880s),^[18] to name a few. Friends of Medalta is a non-profit that has been formed to preserve some of the city's industrial heritage.[2]

Geography

The Medicine Hat landscape is dominated by the South Saskatchewan River valley. In addition, the tributaries Seven Persons Creek and Ross Creek both flow into the South Saskatchewan River within the boundaries of the city. These waterways have cut a dramatic valley landscape with numerous cliffs, and finger coulees throughout the city. Beyond the city and river valley, the land is flat to slightly rolling and is characterized by short-grass vegetation.

Located about 40 km (25 mi) to the east at 50°0′38.2″N 110°6′48.3″W / 50.010611°N 110.113417°W / 50.010611; -110.113417 (Badlands Guardian) lies the Badlands Guardian Geological Feature. It is a landscape formation taking the form of a head wearing a feathered headdress. The head is 1,000 ft (300 m) wide. It is in inverse relief, formed by valleys rather than raised ground. The antipodal point of Medicine Hat is near Port-aux-Francais (Kerguelen Island) in the middle of the Indian Ocean, and so this region is one of the rare places of Canada whose antipodal point is neither in the water of the Indian Ocean nor in the ice of Antarctica (see www.antipodesmap.com)

2013 Alberta floods

During the 2013 Alberta floods Medicine Hat, located on the South Saskatchewan River downstream from the confluence of the Bow and Oldman Rivers was hit with significant flooding.^[19] The city evacuated 10,000 residents ahead of the flooding, and facilities including the Medicine Hat Arena had begun to flood late Sunday evening, June 23.^[20] The South Saskatchewan River peaked at 5,460 m³/s (193,000 cu ft/s), which was below earlier predictions of 6,000 m³/s (210,000 cu ft/s),^[21] but exceeded the highest recorded rate of 5,100 m³/s (180,000 cu ft/s) in 1995.^[22]

Neighbourhoods

• Cottonwood – A community located above the Cottonwood golf course, between the light industrial area and the airport. Overlooks the World's Largest Teepee.
• Crescent Heights – Mainly built in the 1950s through to the 1960s. Located on the north side of city on the entire ridge above the river valley.
• Crestwood and Norwood – This is an older area of town mainly built in the 1950s. It is located on a plateau southeast of the South Flats and the Seven Person's Creek. The Medicine Hat Exhibition & Stampede grounds is within this area.
• Hamptons - A four-phase neighbourhood approved for development in 2005. It is located in south Medicine Hat, and is bounded by South Boundary Road to the south, 13 Avenue SE to the east, South Vista Heights to the west and South Ridge to the north. It features architectural controls implemented by the developer.^[23]
• North Flats / River Flats – The oldest area in Medicine Hat. Located northeast of the CPKC marshalling yards near the South Saskatchewan River and downtown. An inner-city neighbourhood that is home to residential and industrial uses. This area is in the east valley.
• Park Meadows – An area that was developed in the 1990s, adjacent to Crestwood. Primarily residential with several apartments.
• Parkview – A subdivision developed in the 1990s, and located north of the South Saskatchewan River. It is adjacent to Police Point Park and Medicine Hat Golf and Country Club.
• Ranchlands – A neighbourhood developed in the mid-2000s and located in the northeast sector of the city. The neighbourhood includes residential lands both above and in the South Saskatchewan River valley.
• River Heights – Located on the Southwest Hill north of the hospital, and south of the South Saskatchewan River. Includes River Heights Elementary School and an extended care wing, which was originally a part of the hospital.
• Riverside – A mature inner-city neighbourhood along the north bank of the South Saskatchewan River. The community has experienced gentrification. Mature trees line the boulevards and streets.
• Ross Glen – Low density middle-class neighbourhood located in the southeast end of the city. First developed in the late 1970s.
• Saamis Heights – Located west of South Ridge in the south sector of the city. Saamis Heights was developed in under five years. The community borders the Seven Person's Creek valley and thus provides some walkout view lots.
• South Flats – Located south of the CPKC marshalling yard, also in the valley, and adjacent to downtown.
• South Ridge – The first residential development south of the Trans-Canada Highway. First developed in the late 1970s. Adjacent to the World's Largest Teepee.
• South Vista Heights – A new residential suburban community south of the Trans-Canada Highway.
• Southeast Hill – One of the oldest areas of the city. It originally overlooked downtown on the north side of the hill and Kin Coulee on the south side. Originally this area housed CPR workers. It is home to four schools.
• Southlands – A community that opened in 2007. It is home to a significant regional commercial centre including Walmart, Staples, Canadian Tire and The Home Depot. The residential community includes parks, future school sites, many low-density residential lots, and several large multi-family sites.
• Southview – Located in the southeast part of the city between Ross Glen and Crestwood. First developed in the 1960s.
• Southwest Hill – Located west of Division Avenue next to the SE Hill area. It is home to five schools and the city's hospital.^[24]

Housing

The average home price in Medicine Hat in 2018 was $277,294.^[25]

Climate

Located in the steppe region known as Palliser's Triangle, Medicine Hat has a semi-arid climate (Köppen climate classification BSk), with cold winters, and warm to hot, dry summers. Frequently, the winter cold is ameliorated by mild and dry Chinook winds blowing from the west, and hot summer daytime temperatures are made more tolerable by low humidity and rapid cooling in the evening. As Medicine Hat receives less precipitation annually than most other cities on the Canadian Prairies and plentiful sunshine (it is widely known as "The sunniest city in Canada"),^[26] it is a popular retirement city. Maximum precipitation typically occurs in the late spring and early summer.

The highest temperature ever recorded in Medicine Hat was 42.2 °C (108.0 °F) on July 12, 1886.^[26] The coldest temperature ever recorded was −46.1 °C (−51.0 °F) on February 4, 1887.^[26]

Climate data for Medicine Hat (composite station threads^[a]) 1991−2020 normals, extremes 1883−present, sun 1981–2010
Month	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year
Record high humidex	16.5	20.9	25.4	30.5	37.0	39.0	42.3	41.1	38.4	30.7	23.5	17.2	42.3
Record high °C (°F)	18.3 (64.9)	21.1 (70.0)	28.9 (84.0)	35.6 (96.1)	37.2 (99.0)	41.7 (107.1)	42.2 (108.0)	41.1 (106.0)	38.3 (100.9)	33.9 (93.0)	24.4 (75.9)	20.0 (68.0)	42.2 (108.0)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F)	−2.9 (26.8)	−0.6 (30.9)	5.9 (42.6)	13.5 (56.3)	19.2 (66.6)	23.1 (73.6)	27.7 (81.9)	27.2 (81.0)	21.3 (70.3)	13.2 (55.8)	4.6 (40.3)	−1.4 (29.5)	12.6 (54.7)
Daily mean °C (°F)	−8.5 (16.7)	−6.4 (20.5)	−0.3 (31.5)	6.6 (43.9)	12.1 (53.8)	16.4 (61.5)	20.1 (68.2)	19.4 (66.9)	13.8 (56.8)	6.6 (43.9)	−1.2 (29.8)	−6.9 (19.6)	6.0 (42.8)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F)	−14.1 (6.6)	−12.2 (10.0)	−6.6 (20.1)	−0.5 (31.1)	5.1 (41.2)	9.7 (49.5)	12.4 (54.3)	11.5 (52.7)	6.3 (43.3)	−0.2 (31.6)	−7.0 (19.4)	−12.4 (9.7)	−0.7 (30.7)
Record low °C (°F)	−46.1 (−51.0)	−46.1 (−51.0)	−38.9 (−38.0)	−26.7 (−16.1)	−11.1 (12.0)	−1.1 (30.0)	1.2 (34.2)	−0.6 (30.9)	−12.8 (9.0)	−28.7 (−19.7)	−37.8 (−36.0)	−45.6 (−50.1)	−46.1 (−51.0)
Record low wind chill	−54.2	−50.7	−44.7	−31	−12.6	−2.9	0.0	0.0	−12.8	−37.6	−49.2	−58.9	−58.9
Average precipitation mm (inches)	13.8 (0.54)	10.3 (0.41)	15.9 (0.63)	23.3 (0.92)	44.9 (1.77)	75.7 (2.98)	35.2 (1.39)	34.3 (1.35)	31.1 (1.22)	20.1 (0.79)	14.0 (0.55)	12.2 (0.48)	330.9 (13.03)
Average rainfall mm (inches)	0.7 (0.03)	0.5 (0.02)	4.4 (0.17)	16.1 (0.63)	33.2 (1.31)	82.7 (3.26)	32.6 (1.28)	34.6 (1.36)	31.3 (1.23)	15.0 (0.59)	2.8 (0.11)	0.7 (0.03)	254.4 (10.02)
Average snowfall cm (inches)	16.5 (6.5)	10.1 (4.0)	14.8 (5.8)	5.3 (2.1)	6.3 (2.5)	0.0 (0.0)	0.0 (0.0)	0.7 (0.3)	1.4 (0.6)	5.2 (2.0)	12.5 (4.9)	12.3 (4.8)	85.2 (33.5)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.2 mm)	8.8	7.8	8.7	8.1	10.9	12.9	8.6	8.0	7.4	7.1	7.1	9.0	104.3
Average rainy days (≥ 0.2 mm)	0.75	0.53	1.8	6.1	9.5	11.7	7.7	6.9	7.2	4.8	1.9	0.8	59.7
Average snowy days (≥ 0.2 cm)	8.2	6.4	7.4	2.4	1.6	0.0	0.0	0.06	0.29	2.0	6.1	6.6	41.0
Average relative humidity (%) (at 1500)	6.1	60.5	49.8	37.6	38	41.9	34.8	33.4	37.6	44.3	57.4	65.4	47.2
Mean monthly sunshine hours	110.0	138.1	174.2	240.3	282.8	303.4	353.5	323.9	221.4	181.5	114.6	98.6	2,544.3
Percent possible sunshine	41.2	48.6	47.4	58.3	59.3	62.5	71.7	72.3	58.3	54.3	42.0	38.9	54.6
Source: Environment and Climate Change Canada. Data is from Medicine Hat AWOS, Medicine Hat, Medicine Hat A, Medicine Hat RCS^[26]^[27]

Demographics

Federal census
population history

Year	Pop.	±%
1901	1,570	—
1906	3,050	+94.3%
1911	5,608	+83.9%
1916	9,272	+65.3%
1921	9,634	+3.9%
1926	9,536	−1.0%
1931	10,300	+8.0%
1936	9,592	−6.9%
1941	10,571	+10.2%
1946	12,859	+21.6%
1951	16,364	+27.3%
1956	20,826	+27.3%
1961	24,484	+17.6%
1966	25,574	+4.5%
1971	26,518	+3.7%
1976	32,811	+23.7%
1981	40,380	+23.1%
1986	41,804	+3.5%
1991	43,625	+4.4%
1996	46,783	+7.2%
2001	51,249	+9.5%
2006	56,997	+11.2%
2011	60,005	+5.3%
2016	63,260	+5.4%
2021	63,271	+0.0%
Source: Statistics Canada ^[28]^[29]^[30]^[31]^[32]^[33]^[34]^[35]^[36]^[37]^[38] ^[39]^[40]^[41]^[42]^[43]^[44]^[45]^[46]^[47]^[48]^[49]^[50]^[5]

In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, the City of Medicine Hat had a population of 63,271 living in 27,216 of its 28,732 total private dwellings, virtually unchanged from its 2016 population of 63,260. With a land area of 111.97 km² (43.23 sq mi), it had a population density of 565.1/km² (1,463.5/sq mi) in 2021.^[5]

In the 2016 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, the City of Medicine Hat had a population of 63,260 living in 26,652 of its 27,970 total private dwellings, a change of 5.4% from its 2011 population of 60,005. With a land area of 112.04 km² (43.26 sq mi), it had a population density of 564.6/km² (1,462.4/sq mi) in 2016.^[50]

The population of the City of Medicine Hat according to its 2015 municipal census is 63,018,^[7] a change of 3% from its 2012 municipal census population of 61,180,^[51]

Ethnicity

In 2021,^[52] 85.9% of residents were white/European, 9.0% were visible minorities and 5.1% were Indigenous. The largest visible minority groups were South Asian (1.9%), Filipino (1.8%), Black (1.5%), and Chinese (1.0%).

Panethnic groups in the City of Medicine Hat (2001−2021)

Panethnic group	2021^[53]		2016^[54]		2011^[55]		2006^[56]		2001^[57]
	Pop.	%	Pop.	%	Pop.	%	Pop.	%	Pop.	%
European^[b]	53,025	85.76%	54,375	88.11%	52,940	90.28%	51,995	92.93%	47,685	94.16%
Indigenous	3,225	5.22%	3,120	5.06%	2,830	4.83%	2,130	3.81%	1,065	2.1%
Southeast Asian^[c]	1,535	2.48%	945	1.53%	500	0.85%	150	0.27%	200	0.39%
South Asian	1,190	1.92%	630	1.02%	430	0.73%	265	0.47%	150	0.3%
African	955	1.54%	840	1.36%	705	1.2%	180	0.32%	195	0.39%
East Asian^[d]	845	1.37%	690	1.12%	560	0.95%	575	1.03%	590	1.17%
Latin American	490	0.79%	635	1.03%	415	0.71%	540	0.97%	655	1.29%
Middle Eastern^[e]	330	0.53%	255	0.41%	135	0.23%	40	0.07%	70	0.14%
Other/multiracial^[f]	240	0.39%	235	0.38%	100	0.17%	65	0.12%	35	0.07%
Total responses	61,830	97.72%	61,715	97.56%	58,640	97.73%	55,950	98.16%	50,640	98.81%
Total population	63,271	100%	63,260	100%	60,005	100%	56,997	100%	51,249	100%
Note: Totals greater than 100% due to multiple origin responses

Language

89.6% of residents identified English as their first language as of the 2021 census. Other common mother tongues were German (1.3%), Tagalog (1.0%), French (0.9%), Spanish (0.9%), Arabic (0.6%), and Chinese languages (0.5%).

Religion

52.8% of residents identified as Christian at the time of the 2021 census, down from 68.1% in 2011.^[58] 20.7% were Catholic, 16.6% were Protestant, 9.0% were Christian n.o.s.. Other Christian denominations and Christian-related traditions accounted for 6.5% of the population, including Latter Day Saints followers at 1.6%. Non-religious and secular residents accounted for 43.1% of the population, up from 30.2% in 2011. 4.1% of residents belonged to other religions, up from 1.7% in 2011. The largest non-Christian religions were Islam (1.5%), Sikhism (0.5%) and Hinduism (0.5%).

Attractions

 

Saamis Tepee, installed 1991

The Medicine Hat Clay Industries National Historic District^[59] is a living, working museum based on the Medalta Potteries and Hycroft China Factory Complexes as the focal points of the 0.6 km² (150-acre) district. It offers guided tours, educational and arts programming, as well as experience through collections, exhibits, and interpretation. This nationally recognized industrial historic district is a cultural initiative of the Friends of Medalta Society with federal, provincial, municipal and private support. They are working to restore, preserve and culturally develop the Medicine Hat Clay Industries National Historic District for education and public enjoyment.^[60]

Located in downtown Medicine Hat, The Esplanade^[61] is a large multi-purpose cultural centre. The facility features a 700+ seat performing arts theatre, art gallery, museum, archives, gift shop, and cafe. The Esplanade officially opened in October 2005.

The Medicine Hat Family Leisure Centre (now called Big Marble Go Centre) is the largest indoor multi-purpose sports facility in the city. The building is 90,000 sq ft (8,000 m²) and is sited on 0.23 km² (57 acres) in the north end of the city. The facility includes an Olympic-sized ice rink, 50 m (160 ft) pool, waterslide, diving platforms, kiddies pool, wave pool, and cafe. It is being renovated to include an indoor soccer facility, track, and improved fitness centre. These will almost double the size of the facility. In the area surrounding the Leisure Centre facility are several other sportvenues including; four ball diamonds, lighted football field, three soccer pitches, and one of the largest BMX racing facilities in Southern Alberta.

The Medicine Hat Drag Racing Association^[62] is located just off the Trans-Canada Highway on Boundary Road or the spectators entrance on Box Springs Road. This is Alberta's only sanctioned National Hot Rod Association (NHRA) track and is a 1/4 mile in length. The facility supports affordable family entertainment and encourages people to race the strip, not the street. The seasons typically run from May till September, with events featuring jet and alcohol cars, bracket racing, and the NHRA National open, which attracts approximately 300 cars from all over North America.

Medicine Hat Public Library is located across the street from The Esplanade. It has over 10,000 annual members and is the resource library for the Shortgrass Library System^[63] of Southern Alberta.

 

The Shannon House

The Shannon House is a historical landmark built in 1906 by James Shannon for his wife and nine children. He had purchased the land and a team of horses for $40.00 in 1895. The family kept the property for three generations, using part of it as a campground in the early 20th century. In 1930, they built the Maple Leaf motel on the property to generate some income. In 1990 a local family bought the property. With a view toward keeping the prominent property as part of the community, they adapted it as the Saamis Memorial Funeral Chapel & Crematorium.

Now named the Saamis Tepee, this work of public art is the world's tallest teepee.^[64] It was installed in 1991 south of the Trans-Canada Highway and at the edge of the Blackfoot buffalo jump, above the Saamis Archeological Site along Seven Persons Creek. Commissioned for the 1988 Winter Olympics in Calgary as a symbol of Canada's Plains Indians, it stood 215 ft (66 m) high (more than 20 storeys) and is 160 ft (49 m) in diameter at the base. The sculpture was designed by Steve Illes of steel and concrete. He had the teepee painted "white for purity, red for the rising and setting sun, and blue for flowing waters". Within the teepee are ten circles, with painted illustrations that express ideas about the cultures of the Plains tribes. Explanation are on plaques set in the base.^[65] Although designed to withstand extreme temperatures and winds up to 240 km/h (150 mph), during a severe windstorm in January 2007, a portion of the teepee was damaged. Inspection revealed that extensive weathering had weakened the structure. The necessary repairs resulted in lowering the height of Saamis Teepee by approximately 15 ft (4.6 m).

Parks

There are over 100 km (62 mi) of walking trails in the city. All of the major parks are linked by the extensive trail system.

 

View of the pond at Echodale Regional Park

• Police Point Park was an early North-West Mounted Police outpost. It has 1.2 km² (300-acre) and shale paths next to the South Saskatchewan River. It is one of Southern Alberta's well-known birding destinations. The Medicine Hat Interpretive Program building is located on-site, to run programs and inform the public about nature around the city.
• Strathcona Island Park is located along the south bank of the South Saskatchewan River. The park has 5 km (3.1 mi) of walking trails, playgrounds, a water park, ball diamonds, a pavilion centre, washrooms, ice skating, kitchens and fire pits. The park is heavily treed.
• Kin Coulee Park is located along the banks of Seven Persons Creek. This 0.40 km² (100-acre) park is almost entirely manicured. The park features a skateboard park, two ball diamonds, beach volleyball courts, fire pits, a band shell, washrooms, and two playgrounds. It is the venue for the annual Canada Day festival and fireworks.
• Echodale Regional Park is a 650 km² (250 sq mi) park that includes a manmade swimming lake. Amenities include a beach, walking trails, fire pits, canoe rentals, paddle boats, snack bar, washrooms and historic ranch.
• Central Park – located in the Southeast Hill neighbourhood, this is surrounded by large cottonwood trees and, on the north side, a row of cedar trees. It has play structures and a spray-deck, and a street basketball court.
• Riverside Veterans' Memorial Park – located downtown across River Road from the South Saskatchewan River and across 6th Avenue from City Hall. It contains the city's Cenotaph, a WWII-era Sherman tank, a brick mural by James Marshall, and two Canadian Pacific Railway locomotives.

 

Echodale Regional Park

Sports

The city is home to the Medicine Hat Tigers, a major junior ice hockey team in the Western Hockey League (WHL). Established in 1970, the team has won seven division titles, five WHL league championships and back-to-back Canadian Hockey League (CHL) Memorial Cup national championships in 1987 and 1988 in its history. Numerous Tigers alumni moved on to play in the National Hockey League (NHL). Lanny McDonald played WHL hockey for the Medicine Hat Tigers. He played in 1971–1972 and scored 50 goals and assisted on 64 goals. In 1972–1973 seasons he scored 62 goals and 77 assists.^[66] They play at Co-op Place which opened in 2015 and replaced the 40-year-old Medicine Hat Arena.

The city is also home to the Medicine Hat Mavericks, a summer collegiate baseball team in the Western Canadian Baseball League (WCBL). Established in 2003, the team plays at Athletic Park stadium, formerly home to the Medicine Hat Blue Jays, in the River Flats neighbourhood adjacent to downtown.

Government

In 2012 the riding of Medicine Hat was renamed to Medicine Hat—Cardston—Warner. Jim Hillyer of the Conservative Party of Canada (CPC) was elected in the 2015 election. Hillyer died in 2016 and in a special by-election, held on October 24, 2016, Glen Motz (CPC) was elected.

LaVar Payne (CPC) was the Member of Parliament for Medicine Hat since October 2008, and was re-elected in the 2011 election. He announced in 2014 that he would not be running in the next election in October 2015. Previous to Payne the MP was Monte Solberg (CPC).

Medicine Hat has two provincial ridings. One is named Cypress-Medicine Hat, and is represented by Justin Wright of the United Conservative Party (UCP), while the other one is named Brooks-Medicine Hat, and is represented by Danielle Smith of the United Conservative Party.

Medicine Hat Police Service

Medicine Hat
Motto	Serving and Protecting With Pride
Jurisdictional structure
Legal jurisdiction	Municipal
Operational structure
Sworn members	114^[67]
Elected officer responsible	The Honourable Kaycee Madu, Minister of Justice and Solicitor General
Agency executive	Alan Murphy, chief of police
Website
Official website

The Medicine Hat Police Service (MHPS) can trace its history back to January 13, 1899. Among concern by the town council that the five North-West Mounted Police could no longer safely protect the town and the district, council passed By-Law 8, which authorized a town constable position to be created; at this time the officer was also in charge of health enforcement and other duties. As of 2017^[update] the MHPS employs around 100 officers. In October 2016 Medicine Hat Police Service opened a police museum, the third of its kind in Alberta.^[68]

The MHPS was the first police force in Canada to receive a Police Service Banner and first in Alberta to be granted a National Municipal Police Service Badge by the Canadian Heraldic Authority.^[69]

Infrastructure

Alberta Transportation is currently negotiating with landowners south of the city to secure land for the future Highway 1 (Trans-Canada Highway) bypass.^[70] The bypass is expected to be constructed in the next 10–20 years.^{[citation needed]}

The city owns the gas production, gas distribution, electric generation and electric distribution utilities that serve the citizens. The city-owned gas utility is the 30th largest natural gas producer (by volume produced) in Canada.^{[citation needed]}

The city is working on design of the South-West Sector Sanitary Trunk main, extension of South Boundary Road from Strachan Road to South Ridge Drive, and a South-West Sector water transmission line. This infrastructure will accommodate the development of new residential communities west of South Ridge Dr, and south of the Seven Persons Creek.

The city is served by the Medicine Hat Airport and Medicine Hat Transit.

Acute medical care is provided to residents at Medicine Hat Regional Hospital.^[71]

Beginning in 2009, several ICT business leaders began working together to facilitate economic growth and diversify the local economy by building a robust community network based on fibre optic technologies.

Education

Medicine Hat School District No. 76 has been serving the needs of public school students since it came into existence in 1886. The district has five trustees and comprises three secondary schools, Alexandra Middle School (formerly Alexandra Junior High School), Crescent Heights High School and Medicine Hat High School, 12 elementary (K–6) schools, a special needs school for the severely disabled, as well as an Alternative School program which incorporates a joint partnership with the YMCA Teen Moms' Program, YMCA Stay-in-School Program, a program with the former Palliser Health Region for secondary students and a program supported by Alberta Children Services for students with behavioural needs. French immersion programming is provided as an option at one elementary school and at Crescent Heights High. The district currently works with the BHTH Institution for Education,^[72] part of the International Education Association of Western Canada, to operate an international educational program in China and three schools have joined this program, Tangshan Caofeidian #2 School, Qinhuangdao Foreign Language School, and Shandong Weifang Middle School.

The Medicine Hat Catholic/Separate School District provides educational programming for students from kindergarten through Grade 12. French immersion programming is provided as an option in select District schools. It operates one high school, Monsignor McCoy, and nine other schools.^[73]

Medicine Hat also has a Francophone school, École Les Cyprès,^[74] and a public/charter school, the Centre for Academic and Personal Excellence (CAPE).

Medicine Hat College is located in the south part of the city. The first students were accepted to the college in 1965. Now with over 2,500 students and three campuses, the college has grown into an integral part of the community. The Medicine Hat College Rattlers^[75] athletic program include cross-country running, basketball, volleyball, golf, soccer and futsal.

Media

Main article: Media in Medicine Hat

Medicine Hat has several radio and television stations broadcasting from it, and can receive a few distant AM radio stations from Calgary. Medicine Hat News publishes a daily newspaper.^[76]

Military

Medicine Hat is home to the South Alberta Light Horse (SALH), an army reserve unit. The SALH dates back to 1885 when it took part in the suppression of the North-West Rebellion. It gained battle honours in the First and Second World Wars and today its members serve overseas on United Nations and North Atlantic Treaty Organization missions. Members served in Afghanistan.

During the First World War the 175th (Medicine Hat) Battalion, CEF, commanded by Nelson Spencer, was a unit in the Canadian Expeditionary Force.

Medicine Hat was also home to a British Commonwealth Air Training Plan airfield (located at the present airport) and a POW camp (located at the present Exhibition & Stampede grounds) during the Second World War.

Canadian Forces Base Suffield is located 50 km (31 mi) west of the city. It is estimated that the base contributes C$120 million annually to the local economy, principally through its two lodger units: British Army Training Unit Suffield, and Defence Research and Development Canada – Suffield).

Notable people

• Elic Ayomanor, current football player at Stanford University; recipient of the Jon Cornish Trophy in 2023 as the top Canadian in NCAA football.
• Ronnie Burkett, puppeteer, best known for his original theatrical plays for adults, performed with marionettes.
• David Campbell, Packey J. Dee Professor of American Democracy at the University of Notre Dame
• Terri Clark, country singer
• Amanda (Falk) Cook, singer-songwriter and worship leader and winner of eight GMA Covenant Awards^[77]
• Rhoda Cosgrave Sivell, poet
• Glen Edwards, test pilot for the United States Air Force and the namesake of Edwards Air Force Base in southern California.
• Bruno Gerussi, stage and television actor, best known for the lead role in the CBC Television series The Beachcombers.
• Jurgen Gothe, radio broadcaster^[78]
• Todd Herman, author and coach
• Richard Hortness, Olympic swimmer^[79]
• Gordie Johnson, musician, best known as the front man for the reggae rock band Big Sugar, Austin-based Latin jazz band Sit Down Servant and southern rock band Grady.
• Blaine Lacher, former professional ice hockey goaltender, most known playing for the Boston Bruins in the mid-1990s.
• Marilyn Levine, ceramics artist
• Tamara Lich, activist
• Trevor Linden, former professional hockey player, member of the Order of Canada, former president of hockey operations for Vancouver Canucks^[80] and recipient of the Order of British Columbia^[81]
• Dawson Murschell, darts player
• Bud Olson, former Member of Parliament and Senator for Medicine Hat, former Lieutenant Governor of Alberta^[82]
• Chris Osgood, former professional hockey player^[83]
• Kalan Porter, singer-songwriter known for winning season 2 of Canadian Idol
• MacKenzie Porter, TV actress known for her roles as Marci in Travelers and as Naomi in Hell on Wheels
• Richard E. Taylor, co-recipient of the 1990 Nobel Prize in Physics^[84]
• Arnold Tremere, Executive director of the Canadian International Grains Institute (government official)^[85]
• Sage Watson, Olympic track athlete
• Jadyn Wong, actress known for her role as Happy in the American TV series Scorpion

See also

• List of communities in Alberta
• List of place names in Canada of Indigenous origin

Notes

1. Data is from;
   • Medicine Hat AWOS; Climate ID:3034483; coordinates 50°01′08.1″N 110°43′15″W / 50.018917°N 110.72083°W / 50.018917; -110.72083 (Medicine Hat AWOS); elevation: 716.9 m (2,352 ft)
   • Medicine Hat; WMO ID: 71247; TC ID: YXH; coordinates 50°01′08″N 110°43′15″W / 50.01889°N 110.72083°W / 50.01889; -110.72083 (Medicine Hat); elevation: 716.9 m (2,352 ft)
   • Medicine Hat A Climate ID: 3034480; TC ID: YXH; coordinates 50°01′08″N 110°43′15″W / 50.01889°N 110.72083°W / 50.01889; -110.72083 (Medicine Hat Airport); elevation: 716.9 m (2,352 ft)
   • Medicine Hat RCS; WMO ID: 71026; TC ID: XMW; coordinates 50°01′30.4″N 110°43′02.1″W / 50.025111°N 110.717250°W / 50.025111; -110.717250 (Medicine Hat RCS); elevation: 715 m (2,346 ft)^[27]
2. Statistic includes all persons that did not make up part of a visible minority or an indigenous identity.
3. Statistic includes total responses of "Filipino" and "Southeast Asian" under visible minority section on census.
4. Statistic includes total responses of "Chinese", "Korean", and "Japanese" under visible minority section on census.
5. Statistic includes total responses of "West Asian" and "Arab" under visible minority section on census.
6. Statistic includes total responses of "Visible minority, n.i.e." and "Multiple visible minorities" under visible minority section on census.

References

1. Peggy Revell (February 8, 2012). "Deputy premier tours Hat's projects". Medicine Hat News. Alberta Newspaper Group Limited Partnership. Archived from the original on January 29, 2013. Retrieved June 6, 2012.
2. "Medicine Hat". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada.
3. "Location and History Profile: City of Medicine Hat" (PDF). Alberta Municipal Affairs. June 17, 2016. p. 92. Retrieved June 18, 2016.
4. "Municipal Officials Search". Alberta Municipal Affairs. May 9, 2019. Retrieved October 1, 2021.
5. "Population and dwelling counts: Canada, provinces and territories, and census subdivisions (municipalities)". Statistics Canada. February 9, 2022. Retrieved February 9, 2022.
6. "Alberta Private Sewage Systems 2009 Standard of Practice Handbook: Appendix A.3 Alberta Design Data (A.3.A. Alberta Climate Design Data by Town)" (PDF) (PDF). Safety Codes Council. January 2012. pp. 212–215 (PDF pages 226–229). Retrieved October 8, 2013.
7. 2015 Municipal Affairs Population List (PDF). Alberta Municipal Affairs. ISBN 978-1-4601-2630-1. Retrieved February 27, 2016.
8. "Census Subdivision (Municipal) Population Estimates, July 1, 2016 to 2020, Alberta". Alberta Municipal Affairs. March 23, 2021. Retrieved October 8, 2021.
9. City of Medicine Hat. Retrieved June 7, 2011.
10. McMillan, Dexter (December 29, 2021). "Why the Prairies get more sun then the rest of Canada". CBC NEWS.
11. Brennan, Brian (2003), Boondoggles, Bonanzas, and Other Alberta Stories, Fifth House, p. 43, ISBN 1-894004-94-9, This part of the country seems to have all hell for a basement, and the only trap door appears to be in Medicine Hat. And don't you ever think of changing the name of your town. It's all your own and the only hat of its kind on earth.
12. Smith, Craig S. (February 15, 2017). "A Canadian City Thrives on Gas, Like a 'Wealthy Little Country'". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved March 8, 2022.
13. Gregersen, Leif. "How A Small Canadian City Took On Chronic Homelessness". Next City. Retrieved August 24, 2022.
14. . medicine-hat.ab.ca. Archived from the original on August 31, 2012.
15. Dr. Laurie Milne, "Uncovering Medicine Hat's history"^{[permanent dead link]}, Medicine Hat College website, 2010
16. McNaney, Derek and Ann (2005). Swan Song: The story of ALTAGLASS with a guide to identification & values. Red Deer, Alberta: Derek McNaney. pp. 7, 11. ISBN 0973861800.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
17. Coward, Mary (1999). Altaglass, manufacturers of hand made glass, Medicine Hat, Alberta 1950 - 1988. Edmonton, Alberta: Mary Coward. p. 4. ISBN 0968496806.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
18. . Archived from the original on July 9, 2013.
19. . City of Medicine Hat. June 21, 2013. Archived from the original on October 21, 2013. Retrieved June 21, 2013.
20. Stephenson, Amanda (June 23, 2013). . Calgary Herald. Archived from the original on June 25, 2013. Retrieved June 23, 2013.
21. "Medicine Hat floodwaters starting to recede". Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. June 24, 2013. Retrieved June 24, 2013.
22. "Medicine Hat fears rising river after Calgary floods". Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. June 23, 2013. Retrieved June 23, 2013.
23. . City of Medicine Hat. May 31, 2005. Archived from the original on May 8, 2013. Retrieved December 29, 2012.
24. "Medicine Hat 2019 Relocation Guide". Tourism Medicine Hat. p. 25. Retrieved April 22, 2019.
25. "Alberta Real Estate Association Housing Market Stats". The Canadian Real Estate Association. Retrieved April 26, 2019.
26. "Medicine Hat A, Alberta". Canadian Climate Normals 1981–2010. Environment and Climate Change Canada. Retrieved May 14, 2014.
27. "Medicine Hat (composite station threads)". Canadian Climate Normals 1991–2020. Environment and Climate Change Canada. Retrieved April 8, 2024.
28. "Table IX: Population of cities, towns and incorporated villages in 1906 and 1901 as classed in 1906". Census of the Northwest Provinces, 1906. Vol. Sessional Paper No. 17a. Ottawa: Government of Canada. 1907. p. 100.
29. "Table I: Area and Population of Canada by Provinces, Districts and Subdistricts in 1911 and Population in 1901". Census of Canada, 1911. Vol. I. Ottawa: Government of Canada. 1912. pp. 2–39.
30. "Table I: Population of Manitoba, Saskatchewan, and Alberta by Districts, Townships, Cities, Towns, and Incorporated Villages in 1916, 1911, 1906, and 1901". Census of Prairie Provinces, 1916. Vol. Population and Agriculture. Ottawa: Government of Canada. 1918. pp. 77–140.
31. "Table 8: Population by districts and sub-districts according to the Redistribution Act of 1914 and the amending act of 1915, compared for the census years 1921, 1911 and 1901". Census of Canada, 1921. Ottawa: Government of Canada. 1922. pp. 169–215.
32. "Table 7: Population of cities, towns and villages for the province of Alberta in census years 1901-26, as classed in 1926". Census of Prairie Provinces, 1926. Vol. Census of Alberta, 1926. Ottawa: Government of Canada. 1927. pp. 565–567.
33. "Table 12: Population of Canada by provinces, counties or census divisions and subdivisions, 1871-1931". Census of Canada, 1931. Ottawa: Government of Canada. 1932. pp. 98–102.
34. "Table 4: Population in incorporated cities, towns and villages, 1901-1936". Census of the Prairie Provinces, 1936. Vol. I: Population and Agriculture. Ottawa: Dominion Bureau of Statistics. 1938. pp. 833–836.
35. "Table 10: Population by census subdivisions, 1871–1941". Eighth Census of Canada, 1941. Vol. II: Population by Local Subdivisions. Ottawa: Dominion Bureau of Statistics. 1944. pp. 134–141.
36. "Table 6: Population by census subdivisions, 1926-1946". Census of the Prairie Provinces, 1946. Vol. I: Population. Ottawa: Dominion Bureau of Statistics. 1949. pp. 401–414.
37. "Table 6: Population by census subdivisions, 1871–1951". Ninth Census of Canada, 1951. Vol. I: Population, General Characteristics. Ottawa: Dominion Bureau of Statistics. 1953. p. 6.73–6.83.
38. "Table 6: Population by sex, for census subdivisions, 1956 and 1951". Census of Canada, 1956. Vol. Population, Counties and Subdivisions. Ottawa: Dominion Bureau of Statistics. 1957. p. 6.50–6.53.
39. "Population and dwelling counts, for Canada, provinces and territories, and census subdivisions (municipalities), 2011 and 2006 censuses". Statistics Canada. February 8, 2012. Retrieved February 8, 2012.
40. "Table 6: Population by census subdivisions, 1901–1961". 1961 Census of Canada. Series 1.1: Historical, 1901–1961. Vol. I: Population. Ottawa: Dominion Bureau of Statistics. 1963. p. 6.77-6.83.
41. "Population by specified age groups and sex, for census subdivisions, 1966". Census of Canada, 1966. Vol. Population, Specified Age Groups and Sex for Counties and Census Subdivisions, 1966. Ottawa: Dominion Bureau of Statistics. 1968. p. 6.50–6.53.
42. "Table 2: Population of Census Subdivisions, 1921–1971". 1971 Census of Canada. Vol. I: Population, Census Subdivisions (Historical). Ottawa: Statistics Canada. 1973. p. 2.102-2.111.
43. "Table 3: Population for census divisions and subdivisions, 1971 and 1976". 1976 Census of Canada. Census Divisions and Subdivisions, Western Provinces and the Territories. Vol. I: Population, Geographic Distributions. Ottawa: Statistics Canada. 1977. p. 3.40–3.43.
44. "Table 4: Population and Total Occupied Dwellings, for Census Divisions and Subdivisions, 1976 and 1981". 1981 Census of Canada. Vol. II: Provincial series, Population, Geographic distributions (Alberta). Ottawa: Statistics Canada. 1982. p. 4.1–4.10. ISBN 0-660-51095-2.
45. "Table 2: Census Divisions and Subdivisions – Population and Occupied Private Dwellings, 1981 and 1986". Census Canada 1986. Vol. Population and Dwelling Counts – Provinces and Territories (Alberta). Ottawa: Statistics Canada. 1987. p. 2.1–2.10. ISBN 0-660-53463-0.
46. "Table 2: Population and Dwelling Counts, for Census Divisions and Census Subdivisions, 1986 and 1991 – 100% Data". 91 Census. Vol. Population and Dwelling Counts – Census Divisions and Census Subdivisions. Ottawa: Statistics Canada. 1992. pp. 100–108. ISBN 0-660-57115-3.
47. "Table 10: Population and Dwelling Counts, for Census Divisions, Census Subdivisions (Municipalities) and Designated Places, 1991 and 1996 Censuses – 100% Data". 96 Census. Vol. A National Overview – Population and Dwelling Counts. Ottawa: Statistics Canada. 1997. pp. 136–146. ISBN 0-660-59283-5.
48. "Population and Dwelling Counts, for Canada, Provinces and Territories, and Census Divisions, 2001 and 1996 Censuses - 100% Data (Alberta)". Statistics Canada. Retrieved April 1, 2012.
49. "Population and dwelling counts, for Canada, provinces and territories, and census subdivisions (municipalities), 2006 and 2001 censuses - 100% data (Alberta)". Statistics Canada. January 6, 2010. Retrieved April 1, 2012.
50. "Population and dwelling counts, for Canada, provinces and territories, and census subdivisions (municipalities), 2016 and 2011 censuses – 100% data (Alberta)". Statistics Canada. February 8, 2017. Retrieved February 8, 2017.
51. . City of Medicine Hat. p. PDF page 191 of 304. Archived from the original on July 5, 2015. Retrieved August 6, 2012.
52. Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (February 9, 2022). "Profile table, Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population - Medicine Hat, City (CY) [Census subdivision], Alberta". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved January 14, 2023.
53. Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (October 26, 2022). "Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved April 3, 2023.
54. Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (October 27, 2021). "Census Profile, 2016 Census". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved April 3, 2023.
55. Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (November 27, 2015). "NHS Profile". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved April 3, 2023.
56. Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (August 20, 2019). "2006 Community Profiles". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved April 3, 2023.
57. Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (July 2, 2019). "2001 Community Profiles". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved April 3, 2023.
58. Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (May 8, 2013). "2011 National Household Survey Profile - Census subdivision". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved January 14, 2023.
59. "Medicine Hat Clay Industries National Historic District". Medalta.org. August 5, 2011. Retrieved October 9, 2011.
60. "Medalta | Historic Clay District in Medicine Hat, Alberta". Medalta.
61. "The Esplanade". Esplanade.ca. Retrieved October 9, 2011.
62. "Medicine Hat Drag Race Association". Mhdra.com. Retrieved October 9, 2011.
63. Shortgrass Library System. "Shortgrass Library System Homepage". Shortgrass.ca. Retrieved October 9, 2011.
64. . medicinehat.ca. City of Medicine Hat. Archived from the original on January 1, 2020. Retrieved May 4, 2020.
65. "The Saamis Tepee", in The Great White North, Hammerson Peters website
66. "Lanny McDonald". hockeyDB.com. Retrieved May 5, 2016.
67. "Medicine Hat Police Service Annual Report 2020" (PDF).
68. "Historical Overview of the Medicine Hat Police Service". mhps.ca. Retrieved March 31, 2020.
69. "Medicine Hat Police Service | Medicine Hat Police Service". www.mhps.ca.
70. multiple (2010). The Rough Guide to Canada. Rough Guides. p. 661. ISBN 978-1-84836-503-2.
71. Alberta Health Services. . Alberta Health Services. Archived from the original on October 18, 2015. Retrieved January 19, 2013.
72. . Archived from the original on July 5, 2015. Retrieved June 18, 2015.
73. . Medicine Hat Catholic Board of Education. Archived from the original on December 27, 2012. Retrieved January 2, 2013.
74. . Conseil scolaire du Sud de l'Alberta. February 21, 2012. Archived from the original on July 4, 2013.
75. "Medicine Hat".
76. "Medicine Hat News". Alta Newspaper Group Limited Partnership. Retrieved March 13, 2013.
77. "Amanda Cook Artist Profile | Biography And Discography | NewReleaseToday". www.newreleasetoday.com.
78. "Gothe understands the magic of his medium". Broadcast Week, August 15, 1987.
79. Rooney, Sean, "Richard Hortness: A dream realized", Medicine Hat News, retrieved February 9, 2010^{[dead link]}
80. "VIDEO: Linden, Levy, McDonald join Order of Canada". Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. November 4, 2011. Retrieved May 13, 2012.
81. "2003 Recipient: Trevor Linden - Vancouver". Government of British Columbia. Retrieved May 13, 2012.
82. . Legislative Assembly of Alberta. Archived from the original on November 13, 2012. Retrieved December 29, 2012.
83. "Chris Osgood's hockey statistics profile at". Hockeydb.com. November 26, 1972. Retrieved October 9, 2011.
84. "Richard E. Taylor - Biographical". Nobel Foundation.
85. "Gone but not forgotten - Tremere". Home arrow Obituaries - Medicine Hat arrow TREMERE. gonebutnotforgotten.ca. 2008. Retrieved December 12, 2008.

Further reading

• Babs Congram and Laurie Milne Brumley, The Saamis Site: A Late Prehistoric-Protohistoric Campsite in Medicine Hat, Alberta, National Museums of Canada: 1978.

External links

 

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Medicine Hat, Alberta.

 

Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Medicine Hat.

• Official website