Comilla
Comilla (/kuˈmɪl ə/; Bengali: কুমিল্লা, romanized: Kumillā, Bengali pronunciation: [kumilla]), officially spelled Cumilla,[1][2] is the second largest in Chittagong division. It is the administrative centre of the Comilla District. The name Comilla was derived from Komolangko (কমলাঙ্ক), meaning the pond of lotus.
Comilla কুমিল্লা | |
|---|---|
| Cumilla | |
From top: Comilla Skyline, Comilla Town Hall, Shah Shuja Mosque, Mainamati War Cemetery, Dharmasagar Lake, Roopsagar Park, Bangladesh Academy for Rural Development and Mainamati | |
Comilla location in Chittagong Division Comilla Location in Bangladesh | |
| Coordinates: 23°27′N 91°12′E / 23.450°N 91.200°ECoordinates: 23°27′N 91°12′E / 23.450°N 91.200°E | |
| Bangladesh | Bangladesh |
| Division | Chittagong |
| District | Comilla |
| Municipality | 1890 |
| City Corporation | 10 July 2011 |
| Government | |
| • Type | Mayor–Council |
| • Body | Comilla City Corporation |
| • Mayor | Arfanul Haque Rifat |
| • Police Superintendent | Abdul Mannan, BPM (Bar) |
| Area | |
| • Metropolis | 53.04 km2 (20.48 sq mi) |
| • Metro | 53.04 km2 (20.48 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 72 m (236 ft) |
| Population (2022) | |
| • Density | 16,000/km2 (40,000/sq mi) |
| • Metro | 1,030,000 |
| Demonym(s) | Comillian, Kumilli |
| Time zone | UTC+6 (BST) |
| Postal code | 3500–3583 |
| Calling code | 081 |
| Literacy percentage total | 57% |
| Notable sport teams | Comilla Victorians |
| Website | www |
History
Ancient era
The Comilla region was once under ancient Samatata and was joined with Tripura State. This district came under the reign of the kings of the Harikela in the ninth century AD. Lalmai Mainamati was ruled by the Deva dynasty (eighth century AD), and (during the 10th and mid-11th century AD). In 1732, it became the centre of the Bengal-backed domain of Jagat Manikya.[3]
The Peasants' Movement against the king of Tripura in 1764, which originally formed under the leadership of Shamsher Gazi is a notable historical event in Comilla.[4] It came under the rule of East India Company in 1765. This district was established as the Tripura district in 1790. It was renamed Comilla in 1960. Chandpur and Brahmanbaria subdivisions of this district were transformed into districts in 1984.[citation needed]
British era
Communal tension spread over Comilla when a Muslim was shot in the town during the partition of Bengal in 1905. On 21 November 1921, Kazi Nazrul Islam composed patriotic songs and tried to awaken the townspeople by protesting the Prince of Wales's visit to India.[5] During this time, Avay Ashram, as a revolutionary institution, played a significant role. Poet Rabindranath Tagore and Mahatma Gandhi visited Comilla at that time. In 1931, approximately 4000 peasants in Mohini village in Chauddagram Upazila revolted against a land revenue tax. The British Gurkha soldiers fired indiscriminately on the crowd, killing four people.[6] In a major peasant gathering, the police fired at Hasnabad of Laksam Upazila in 1932. Two people were killed and many were wounded. Comilla Victoria Government College in the city was named in memory of Queen Victoria. The main meaning of the context is that the people of Comilla have always maintained good relations and harmonized with others.[7]
World War II
Comilla Cantonment is an important military base and the oldest in East Bengal. It was widely used by the British Indian Army during World War II. It was the headquarter of the British 14th Army. There is a war cemetery, Maynamati War Cemetery,[8] in Comilla that was established after World War II to remember the Allied soldiers who died during World War I and II, mostly from Commonwealth states and the United States. There are a number of Japanese soldiers buried there as well, from the Second World War.[citation needed]
War of liberation of Bangladesh
During the war for the liberation of Bangladesh, when Pakistan Army created the 39th ad hoc Division in mid-November, from the 14th Division units deployed in those areas, to hold on to the Comilla and Noakhali districts, and the 14th Division was tasked to defend the Sylhet and Brahmanbaria areas only.[9] Pakistan Army's 93,000 troops unconditionally surrendered to the Joint Coalition forces on 16 December 1971.[10] This day and event is commemorated as the Bijoy Dibos (Bengali: বিজয় দিবস) in Bangladesh[11][10]
Geography
Comilla is bounded by Burichang Upazila and Tripura on the north, Laksham, and Chauddagram on the south, and Barura on the west. The major rivers that pass through Comilla include Gomoti River[12] and Little Feni. The Tropic of Cancer crosses Comilla town on the south side just over the Tomsom Bridge.[citation needed]
Climate
Comilla has a tropical savanna climate. The Köppen-Geiger climate classification is Aw. The climate of Comilla is generally marked with monsoons, high temperature, considerable humidity, and heavy rainfall. The hot season commences early in April and continues until July. The average annual temperature in Comilla is 25.5 °C (77.9 °F). About 2,295 mm (90.35 in) of precipitation falls annually.[citation needed]
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Average high °C (°F) | 25.7 (78.3) | 28.1 (82.6) | 31.6 (88.9) | 32.8 (91.0) | 32.5 (90.5) | 31.2 (88.2) | 30.7 (87.3) | 31.0 (87.8) | 31.4 (88.5) | 31.0 (87.8) | 29.2 (84.6) | 26.5 (79.7) | 30.1 (86.3) |
| Average low °C (°F) | 12.4 (54.3) | 14.8 (58.6) | 19.6 (67.3) | 23.1 (73.6) | 24.4 (75.9) | 25.2 (77.4) | 25.3 (77.5) | 25.4 (77.7) | 25.3 (77.5) | 23.6 (74.5) | 18.8 (65.8) | 13.8 (56.8) | 21.0 (69.7) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 9 (0.4) | 20 (0.8) | 49 (1.9) | 142 (5.6) | 259 (10.2) | 469 (18.5) | 457 (18.0) | 396 (15.6) | 265 (10.4) | 181 (7.1) | 45 (1.8) | 3 (0.1) | 2,295 (90.4) |
| Source: Climate-Data.org, Climate data | |||||||||||||
Points of interest
Comilla has a number of tourist attractions. Various archaeological relics discovered in the district, especially from the seventh–eighth centuries, are now preserved in the Mainamati Museum.[13] There is a World War II war cemetery in Comilla, which is protected and maintained by the Commonwealth War Graves Commission.[14]
Sports
Comilla Victorians is a professional cricket team based in Comilla and is the most successful club in the Bangladesh Premier League.[15][16]
Administration
Comilla is controlled by the Comilla City Corporation. It has 27 wards.[17]
Metro neighbourhoods
These are the neighbourhoods of Comilla:[18]
- Baghmara
- Bara Para
- Belghar
- Bholain (North)
- Bholain (South)
- Bijoypur
- Chapapur
- Durlovpur
- Chouara
- Galiara
- Purba Jorekaran
- Pachim Jorekaran
- Perul (North)
- Perul (South)
Demographics
At the time of the 2011 census, Comilla City Corporation had a population of 339,133, of which 177,300 were male and 161,833 were female.[19]
Muslims are over 91% of the population, while Hindus make up over 8%.
Transportation
Highway
One of the oldest highways of the Indian subcontinent, 'The Grand Trunk Road', passes through the city. The Dhaka–Chittagong Highway bypasses the city from the cantonment to Shuagaji through Poduar Bazar.[21] The intercity bus terminal is located at Ashrafpur Bus terminal and ShashonGacha.There are many buses to go to Cumilla from Dhaka like Tisha, Royal Coach, Asia Line, Unique etc. Besides these there are also some local buses which take low price from the travellers.[citation needed]
Railway
Comilla is a nearby city of Laksham Junction and Akhaura Railway Junction. Rail connection is available to Dhaka, Chittagong, Brahmanbaria, and Sylhet.
Education
The Board of Secondary and Higher Secondary Education is responsible for holding public examinations (JSC, S.S.C, and H.S.C) in Comilla and five nearby districts.[citation needed]
Media
Daily newspapers published in Comilla include Comillar Kagoj, Daily Amader Comilla, Shiranam, and Rupasi Bangla, established in 1972. Amod, founded in 1955, is the city's oldest weekly newspaper.[6][22][23]
Notable residents
This article's list of residents may not follow Wikipedia's verifiability policy. (February 2022) |
- Khondaker Mostaq Ahmad, President of Bangladesh; he also served as Minister and member of Exile Cabinet of Meherpur Government
- Kazi Zafar Ahmed, Prime Minister
- Kamrul Ahsan: Secretary to the Government and now serving as Bangladesh Ambassador to Russia. Earlier served as High Commissioner to Canada and Singapore.
- Buddhadeb Bosu, Bengali poet, novelist, translator, editor, and essayist.
- Shib Narayan Das, member of BLF. One of the designers of the first flag of Bangladesh.
- Shaheed Dhirendranath Datta was ex-Minister of Law, Language movement activist and Shaheed of 1971.
- Major Abdul Gani, organizer of the First East Bengal Regiment.
- Kazi Nazrul Islam, resided at Comilla.
- Abdul Kadir, poet, researcher and editor.
- Mustafa Kamal served as president of the International Cricket Council. He is a member of the Jatiya Sangsad representing the Comilla-10 constituency and is a former Minister for Planning and current Minister of Finance.
- Shaukat Mahmood, senior journalist and editor of Weekly Economic Times. Elected president of National Press Club.
- Abdul Matin Patwari, former vice-chancellor, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology (BUET) and former director general, IUT
See also
References
- ^ "Bangladesh changes English spellings of five districts". Bdnews24.com. Dhaka. 2 April 2018. Retrieved 2 April 2018.
- ^ Mahadi Al Hasnat (2 April 2018). "Mixed reactions as govt changes English spellings of 5 district names". Dhaka Tribune. Retrieved 8 April 2018.
- ^ Kilikhar, Bidhas Kanti (1995). Tripura of the 18th Century with Samsher Gazi Against Feudalism: A Historical Study. Agartula: Chhapa Kathi, Tripura State Tribal Cultural Research Institute and Museum. p. 55. OCLC 39290375.
- ^ Nawaz, Ali (2012). "Shamsher Gazi". In Islam, Sirajul; Jamal, Ahmed A. (eds.). Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh (Second ed.). Asiatic Society of Bangladesh.
- ^ Islam, Rafiqul (2012). "Islam, Kazi Nazrul". In Islam, Sirajul; Jamal, Ahmed A. (eds.). Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh (Second ed.). Asiatic Society of Bangladesh.
- ^ a b Siddiqi, Mamun (2003). "Comilla District". In Islam, Sirajul; Jamal, Ahmed A. (eds.). Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh (First ed.). Asiatic Society of Bangladesh.
During this time Avaya Ashram, as a revolutionary institution, played significant role. Poet Rabindranath Tagore and Mahatma Gandhi visited Comilla at that time. In 1931, the British Gurkha soldiers fired indiscriminately and killed four persons of village Mohini of Chauddagram Upazila when about four thousand peasants of this village revolted against paying land revenue.
- ^ https://m.facebook.com/story.php?story_fbid=2398721153683156&id=1671913669697245[user-generated source]
- ^ Whitaker's Cumulative Book List. J. Whitaker. 1961. p. 146.
- ^ Salik, Siddiq, Witness to Surrender, pp126
- ^ a b "Why Do India Celebrate 'Vijay Diwas' On 16th December". SSBToSuccess. 17 December 2017. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
- ^ . Liberation War Museum. Archived from the original on 8 November 2011. Retrieved 21 November 2011.
- ^ Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 6 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 763.
- ^ Huntington, Susan L. (1984). The "Påala-Sena" Schools of Sculpture. Brill Archive. p. xxvi. ISBN 978-90-04-06856-8.
- ^ "Maynamati War Cemetery | Cemetery Details".
- ^ "Cricket Records | Bangladesh Premier League | Records | Series results". ESPN Cricinfo. Retrieved 22 July 2016.
- ^ . ESPN Cricinfo. Archived from the original on 10 September 2016. Retrieved 22 July 2016.
- ^ "History". Comilla City Corporation. Retrieved 22 August 2016.
- ^ [Map of Sadar South Upazila]. Bangladesh National Information Portal (in Bengali). Government of Bangladesh. Archived from the original on 1 April 2017. Retrieved 22 August 2016.
- ^ "Cumilla District". www.comilla.gov.bd. Government of Bangladesh.
- ^ "Community Series - Comilla District" (PDF). bbs.gov.bd. Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics.
- ^ Leung, Mikey; Meggitt, Belinda (2012). Bangladesh. Bradt Travel Guides. p. 274. ISBN 978-1-84162-409-9.
- ^ পত্র পত্রিকা [Periodicals]. Comilla District (in Bengali). Bangladesh National Portal.
- ^ "Bangladesh Newspapers and News Media Guide". ABYZ News Links.
External links
- Media related to Cumilla at Wikimedia Commons
- City Corporation