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Coal-mining region

May 03, 2024

Coal mining regions are significant resource extraction industries in many parts of the world. They provide a large amount of the fossil fuel energy in the world economy.

The People's Republic of China is the largest producer of coal in the world, while Australia is the largest coal exporter.[1] Countries with the largest proven black coal reserves are the United States (250.2 billion tonnes), Russia (160.3 billion tonnes), Australia (147.4 billion tonnes), China (138.8 billion tonnes) and India (101.3 billion tonnes).[2]

A coal-mining region is a region in which coal mining is a significant economic activity. Coal-mining regions are often associated with the social, cultural and environmental impact of coal mining.

Africa edit

South Africa edit

In South Africa coal is mined in several regions, mainly in the East Rand around Witbank, in the Vaal valley around the Vaal Triangle, the Waterberg in the Limpopo Province and at Dundee and Newcastle in northern KwaZulu Natal. South Africa is currently the leading African coal producer.[3]

Asia edit

China edit

Main article: Coal in China

China is currently the world's largest coal miner, and it is also the largest consumer of coal in the world.[4] China’s coal output has continued to increase and its production capacity has expanded at an unprecedented rate, with an annual increase in production of 200 million tonnes on average. In 2012, the total output of coal reached 3.66 billion tonnes. However, based on China’s existing coal mining technologies, this level of output greatly exceeds the sustainable coal production capacity in terms of resources, the environment, and safety. Behind this huge production statistic are excessive waste of coal resources, a large number of casualties among workers, and serious damage to water resources and the environment. These problems are the basis of resistance for the continued development of China’s coal industry.

India edit

Main article: Coal in India

India has some of the largest reserves of coal in the world (approx. 267 billion tonnes).[5] The energy derived from coal in India is about twice that of energy derived from oil, whereas worldwide, energy derived from coal is about 30% less than energy derived from oil.

The top producing states are:

Other notable coal-mining areas include:

Mongolia edit

Mongolia has proven reserves of 12.2 billion tons of coal including 2 billion tons of coking coal and 10.1 billion tons of thermal coal.[6] Mongolia is estimated to have potential coal reserves of some 100 billion metric tonnes.[7][8] While Mongolia's output is approximately only 5 million tonnes of coal per year, it will grow significantly given its proximity to China.[9]

Russia edit

Main article: Coal in Russia

Russia is currently the fifth largest producer of coal, and has the second largest reserves, estimated at 175 billion. The majority of its coal is located east of the Ural Mountains in Siberia. By 1999 approximately a third of coal mining business was privatized. Since then, the industry has concentrated in hands of few companies - coking coal producers were integrated with steel makers, and two national leaders in steam coal emerged. Russian coal miners have recently campaigned for improvements in their working conditions, leading to some reform. Mechel controls the Southern Kuzbass Coal Company in Kuznetsk, the Elga Coal Field[10][11] in the Sakha Republic with 2.2 billion metric tons of reserves of coal,[12] and the Neryungrinsky coal mine at Neryungri in the Sakha Republic. Other coal producing regions include the Pechora basin of brown coal in northern European Russia, the Kansk-Achinsk basin with total reserves 600 billion tons of lignite centered on Kansk in southern Krasnoyarsk Krai, Tunguska coal basin in eastern Siberia located between the Khatanga River to the Trans-Siberian railway and between the Yenisei and Lena rivers, and the Lena coal basin which is mainly in the Sakha Republic with some in Krasnoyarsk Krai.

Europe edit

 
Coalfields of Germany, Belgium, The Netherlands and Northern France

Belgium edit

The sillon industriel contains the former coal-mining area, Pays Noir, or "Black Country." It runs across Wallonia, passing from Dour, in Borinage, in the west, to Verviers in the east, through Mons, La Louvière, Charleroi, Namur, Huy, and Liège, following the valleys of the rivers Haine, Sambre, Meuse and Vesdre. It is also known as the "Sambre and Meuse valley", or the "Haine-Sambre-Meuse-Vesdre valley", or the "dorsale wallonne."

Bosnia and Herzegovina edit

The major coal mining basins in Bosnia and Herzegovina are the Tuzla Basin with the Kreka and Đurđevik mines and the Zenica Basin with the adjacent Kakanj, Novi Travnik and Gračanica. There are also substantial reserves of coal in Sanski Most, Ugljevik, Gacko and Stanari.

France edit

 
Coal-mining regions of France.

Nord-Pas de Calais Mining Basin, Loire coal mining basin and Saar-Warndt coal mining basin were the major coal-mining regions.

Germany edit

The Ruhr Area in North Rhine-Westphalia, Lower Lusatia, and the Central Germany lignite mining area are some of the coal-mining regions.[13] End of 2010 there were five operating hard coal mines in Germany: 1: Bergwerk Ibbenbüren, Ibbenbüren, 2: Zeche Auguste Viktoria, Marl, 3: Bergwerk Prosper-Haniel, Bottrop, 4: Bergwerk West, Kamp Lintfort, 5: Bergwerk Saar, Saarlouis.

Germany's last operating black coal mine, Prosper-Haniel, closed on December 21, 2018,[14] leaving only lignites mines in operation, such as the Hambach surface mine.

Netherlands edit

Limburg was a coal-mining region until 1973; See mining in Limburg

Poland edit

Silesia in Poland and Czech Republic has more working coal miners than the rest of the European Union combined.

Romania edit

The Jiu Valley is a coal-mining region.

Serbia edit

Kolubara and Kostolac are coal mining regions. The REMBAS region near the Resava River is a coal-mining region.

Spain edit

See also: Mining Basins (Asturias)

There are large coal deposits in Asturias and León which helped fuel the Industrial Revolution in Spain; these have mostly been exhausted.

Ukraine edit

Donbas, Volyn, and Halychyna are coal-mining regions.

United Kingdom edit

 

Britain had major coal-mining activity in the past, but since the 1980s coal mining has been in decline due to the increased use of natural gas in power stations and cheaper imports. Very few working coal mines and open-cast quarries now exist in Britain.

England edit

The West Midlands region, which covers the western part of the English Midlands. The West Midlands conurbation is the name given to the large conurbation in the region that includes the cities of Birmingham and Wolverhampton. The "Black Country" is a loosely defined area of the English West Midlands which includes the north and west of Birmingham and the south and east of Wolverhampton, famous for its coal mines (especially in Staffordshire), its coal coking operations, and other heavy industry, including iron foundries and steel mills that used local coal to fire their furnaces, all of which produced a level of air pollution that had few equals anywhere in the world.

The Kent coalfield in Kent in South East England also had coal mining operations. In South West England, Somerset was the location of the Somerset coalfields until 1973. Yorkshire in northern England also was formerly home to major coal mining operations.

Wales edit

The South Wales coalfield provided a large amount of Welsh coal.

North America edit

Canada edit

See also: Western Canadian Sedimentary Basin

Canada holds 78 billion tonnes of coal, primarily bituminous and sub-bituminous, though Saskatchewan holds significant reserves of lignite coal. The Elk Valley, located in the southeast corner of British Columbia, is host to one of the world's largest deposits of hard coking coal. Five mines are operated by the Teck mining company in this area.[15]

United States edit

See also: Coal mining in the United States and List of coal mines in the United States
 
Coal regions of the United States

Coal mining in the United States has historically had economic and cultural dominance in regions such as the Allegheny Mountains and Appalachian Mountains, where it was a major part of identity and traditions. The replacement of workers by mechanization has had major consequences for the industry and for the people it affects.

Coal is mined in the Appalachian Mountains region, and the Midwest. Most coal now produced in the United States is mined in western surface mines, especially in Wyoming's Powder River Basin.[16] A surface mining method often used in the Appalachians is mountaintop removal mining.

The states with the largest recoverable coal reserves are, in descending order, Wyoming, West Virginia, Illinois, and Montana.[17] The largest single mine in the United States is the North Antelope Rochelle Mine near Gillette, Wyoming; it produces more coal annually than many states. In 2009, it alone produced over 100 million tons of coal, and has plans to produce 130 million ton in 2012 more than 23 other coal producing states including Pennsylvania.[18]

Areas with significant coal mining activities include:

Oceania edit

Australia edit

See also: Coal in Australia

Australia contains 76 billion tonnes of coal reserves, or approximately 8 percent of known worldwide deposits. Australian coal deposits include both lignite (brown coal) and black coal. The premier producing areas for Australian coal are the Bowen Basin in the state of Queensland, the Hunter Valley in New South Wales, and the Latrobe Valley in Victoria.[19]

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ "Coal Exports by Country 2020". www.worldstopexports.com. Retrieved 2021-09-01.
  2. ^ "Which countries have the highest coal reserves in the world?". www.mining-technology.com. Retrieved 2021-09-01.
  3. ^ MBendi Information for Africa, "Africa: Mining - Coal Mining - Overview, 2008-08, webpage: [1]
  4. ^ retrieved from http://cornerstonemag.net/chinas-coal-industry-must-follow-the-path-of-sustainable-production-capacity/ 2013-08-16 at the Wayback Machine
  5. ^
  6. ^ Badgaa, Ganbaatar. "Current Status of and Prospects for Energy Resources and Infrastructure Development of South Gobi in Mongolia" (PDF). Ministry of Fuel and Energy Mongolia, Department of Fuel Policy and Regulation. Retrieved 28 August 2010.
  7. ^ . Foreign Investment and Foreign Trade Agency (FIFTA) The Government of Mongolia. Archived from the original on 2 February 2011. Retrieved 28 August 2010.
  8. ^ "Coal Mining in Mongolia - Overview". www.mbendi.com. Archived from the original on 4 September 2012. Retrieved 22 May 2022.
  9. ^ . Archived from the original on 2010-05-21. Retrieved 2010-05-27.
  10. ^ . Mechel. Archived from the original on 9 April 2018. Retrieved 16 August 2017.
  11. ^ . Mechel. Archived from the original on 2 July 2016. Retrieved 16 August 2017.
  12. ^ ""Якутуголь" планирует в сентябре открыть обогатительную фабрику на Эльгинском месторождении мощностью 3 млн тонн". Металлоснабжение и сбыт (in Russian). 21 August 2012. Retrieved 16 August 2017.
  13. ^ See German Wikipedia for a detailed listing
  14. ^ Lepisto, Christine (December 25, 2018). "German President gets coal for Christmas as last black coal mine closes". TreeHugger. Retrieved 2019-01-26.
  15. ^
  16. ^ "Annual Coal Report - Energy Information Administration". www.eia.doe.gov. Retrieved 2017-09-18.
  17. ^ US Energy Information Administration: Recoverable coal reserves and average annuay recovery percentage at producing mines by state, 2006, 2005, PDF file, downloaded 27 January 2009.
  18. ^ "Annual Coal Report - Energy Information Administration". www.eia.doe.gov. Retrieved 2017-09-18.
  19. ^ Australian Coal Association

External links edit

  • US Department of Energy estimates of worldwide reserves of coal
  • Biggest coal reserves by country

May 03, 2024
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Coal mining regions are significant resource extraction industries in many parts of the world They provide a large amount of the fossil fuel energy in the world economy The People s Republic of China is the largest producer of coal in the world while Australia is the largest coal exporter 1 Countries with the largest proven black coal reserves are the United States 250 2 billion tonnes Russia 160 3 billion tonnes Australia 147 4 billion tonnes China 138 8 billion tonnes and India 101 3 billion tonnes 2 A coal mining region is a region in which coal mining is a significant economic activity Coal mining regions are often associated with the social cultural and environmental impact of coal mining Contents 1 Africa 1 1 South Africa 2 Asia 2 1 China 2 2 India 2 3 Mongolia 3 Russia 4 Europe 4 1 Belgium 4 2 Bosnia and Herzegovina 4 3 France 4 4 Germany 4 5 Netherlands 4 6 Poland 4 7 Romania 4 8 Serbia 4 9 Spain 4 10 Ukraine 4 11 United Kingdom 4 11 1 England 4 11 2 Wales 5 North America 5 1 Canada 5 2 United States 6 Oceania 6 1 Australia 7 See also 8 References 9 External linksAfrica editSouth Africa edit In South Africa coal is mined in several regions mainly in the East Rand around Witbank in the Vaal valley around the Vaal Triangle the Waterberg in the Limpopo Province and at Dundee and Newcastle in northern KwaZulu Natal South Africa is currently the leading African coal producer 3 Asia editChina edit Main article Coal in China China is currently the world s largest coal miner and it is also the largest consumer of coal in the world 4 China s coal output has continued to increase and its production capacity has expanded at an unprecedented rate with an annual increase in production of 200 million tonnes on average In 2012 the total output of coal reached 3 66 billion tonnes However based on China s existing coal mining technologies this level of output greatly exceeds the sustainable coal production capacity in terms of resources the environment and safety Behind this huge production statistic are excessive waste of coal resources a large number of casualties among workers and serious damage to water resources and the environment These problems are the basis of resistance for the continued development of China s coal industry India edit Main article Coal in India India has some of the largest reserves of coal in the world approx 267 billion tonnes 5 The energy derived from coal in India is about twice that of energy derived from oil whereas worldwide energy derived from coal is about 30 less than energy derived from oil The top producing states are Chhattisgarh Orissa see Talcher in Angul district Jharkhand Other notable coal mining areas include Singareni collieries in Khammam district Telangana Chirimiri Coalfield And Hasdeo coalfield in Koriya District Chhattisgarh Jharia mines in Dhanbad district Jharkhand Nagpur and Chandrapur district Maharashtra Raniganj in Bardhaman district West Bengal Neyveli lignite mines in Cuddalore district Tamil Nadu Singrauli Coalfield and Umaria Coalfield in Madhya Pradesh Jowai Garo Hills in Meghalaya Mongolia edit Mongolia has proven reserves of 12 2 billion tons of coal including 2 billion tons of coking coal and 10 1 billion tons of thermal coal 6 Mongolia is estimated to have potential coal reserves of some 100 billion metric tonnes 7 8 While Mongolia s output is approximately only 5 million tonnes of coal per year it will grow significantly given its proximity to China 9 Russia editMain article Coal in Russia Russia is currently the fifth largest producer of coal and has the second largest reserves estimated at 175 billion The majority of its coal is located east of the Ural Mountains in Siberia By 1999 approximately a third of coal mining business was privatized Since then the industry has concentrated in hands of few companies coking coal producers were integrated with steel makers and two national leaders in steam coal emerged Russian coal miners have recently campaigned for improvements in their working conditions leading to some reform Mechel controls the Southern Kuzbass Coal Company in Kuznetsk the Elga Coal Field 10 11 in the Sakha Republic with 2 2 billion metric tons of reserves of coal 12 and the Neryungrinsky coal mine at Neryungri in the Sakha Republic Other coal producing regions include the Pechora basin of brown coal in northern European Russia the Kansk Achinsk basin with total reserves 600 billion tons of lignite centered on Kansk in southern Krasnoyarsk Krai Tunguska coal basin in eastern Siberia located between the Khatanga River to the Trans Siberian railway and between the Yenisei and Lena rivers and the Lena coal basin which is mainly in the Sakha Republic with some in Krasnoyarsk Krai Europe edit nbsp Coalfields of Germany Belgium The Netherlands and Northern France Belgium edit The sillon industriel contains the former coal mining area Pays Noir or Black Country It runs across Wallonia passing from Dour in Borinage in the west to Verviers in the east through Mons La Louviere Charleroi Namur Huy and Liege following the valleys of the rivers Haine Sambre Meuse and Vesdre It is also known as the Sambre and Meuse valley or the Haine Sambre Meuse Vesdre valley or the dorsale wallonne Bosnia and Herzegovina edit This section does not cite any sources Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed November 2021 Learn how and when to remove this message The major coal mining basins in Bosnia and Herzegovina are the Tuzla Basin with the Kreka and Đurđevik mines and the Zenica Basin with the adjacent Kakanj Novi Travnik and Gracanica There are also substantial reserves of coal in Sanski Most Ugljevik Gacko and Stanari France edit nbsp Coal mining regions of France Nord Pas de Calais Mining Basin Loire coal mining basin and Saar Warndt coal mining basin were the major coal mining regions Germany edit The Ruhr Area in North Rhine Westphalia Lower Lusatia and the Central Germany lignite mining area are some of the coal mining regions 13 End of 2010 there were five operating hard coal mines in Germany 1 Bergwerk Ibbenburen Ibbenburen 2 Zeche Auguste Viktoria Marl 3 Bergwerk Prosper Haniel Bottrop 4 Bergwerk West Kamp Lintfort 5 Bergwerk Saar Saarlouis Germany s last operating black coal mine Prosper Haniel closed on December 21 2018 14 leaving only lignites mines in operation such as the Hambach surface mine Netherlands edit Limburg was a coal mining region until 1973 See mining in Limburg Poland edit Silesia in Poland and Czech Republic has more working coal miners than the rest of the European Union combined Romania edit The Jiu Valley is a coal mining region Serbia edit Kolubara and Kostolac are coal mining regions The REMBAS region near the Resava River is a coal mining region Spain edit See also Mining Basins Asturias There are large coal deposits in Asturias and Leon which helped fuel the Industrial Revolution in Spain these have mostly been exhausted Ukraine edit Donbas Volyn and Halychyna are coal mining regions United Kingdom edit nbsp Britain had major coal mining activity in the past but since the 1980s coal mining has been in decline due to the increased use of natural gas in power stations and cheaper imports Very few working coal mines and open cast quarries now exist in Britain England edit The West Midlands region which covers the western part of the English Midlands The West Midlands conurbation is the name given to the large conurbation in the region that includes the cities of Birmingham and Wolverhampton The Black Country is a loosely defined area of the English West Midlands which includes the north and west of Birmingham and the south and east of Wolverhampton famous for its coal mines especially in Staffordshire its coal coking operations and other heavy industry including iron foundries and steel mills that used local coal to fire their furnaces all of which produced a level of air pollution that had few equals anywhere in the world The Kent coalfield in Kent in South East England also had coal mining operations In South West England Somerset was the location of the Somerset coalfields until 1973 Yorkshire in northern England also was formerly home to major coal mining operations Wales edit The South Wales coalfield provided a large amount of Welsh coal North America editCanada edit See also Western Canadian Sedimentary Basin Canada holds 78 billion tonnes of coal primarily bituminous and sub bituminous though Saskatchewan holds significant reserves of lignite coal The Elk Valley located in the southeast corner of British Columbia is host to one of the world s largest deposits of hard coking coal Five mines are operated by the Teck mining company in this area 15 United States edit See also Coal mining in the United States and List of coal mines in the United States nbsp Coal regions of the United States Coal mining in the United States has historically had economic and cultural dominance in regions such as the Allegheny Mountains and Appalachian Mountains where it was a major part of identity and traditions The replacement of workers by mechanization has had major consequences for the industry and for the people it affects Coal is mined in the Appalachian Mountains region and the Midwest Most coal now produced in the United States is mined in western surface mines especially in Wyoming s Powder River Basin 16 A surface mining method often used in the Appalachians is mountaintop removal mining The states with the largest recoverable coal reserves are in descending order Wyoming West Virginia Illinois and Montana 17 The largest single mine in the United States is the North Antelope Rochelle Mine near Gillette Wyoming it produces more coal annually than many states In 2009 it alone produced over 100 million tons of coal and has plans to produce 130 million ton in 2012 more than 23 other coal producing states including Pennsylvania 18 Areas with significant coal mining activities include Coal Region of Pennsylvania Boasting the largest known deposits of anthracite coal in the world this region is in Northeastern Pennsylvania in the central Appalachian Mountains comprising Lackawanna Luzerne Columbia Carbon Schuylkill Northumberland and the extreme northeast corner of Dauphin counties Major population centers include Scranton Wilkes Barre and Pottsville West Virginia see economy of West Virginia Eastern Mountain Coal Fields and Western Coal Fields of Kentucky Southern Illinois Coal Fields including the Harrisburg Coal Field Colorado including Denver Basin see Coal mining in Colorado Powder River Basin see Coal mining in Wyoming Raton BasinOceania editAustralia edit See also Coal in Australia Australia contains 76 billion tonnes of coal reserves or approximately 8 percent of known worldwide deposits Australian coal deposits include both lignite brown coal and black coal The premier producing areas for Australian coal are the Bowen Basin in the state of Queensland the Hunter Valley in New South Wales and the Latrobe Valley in Victoria 19 See also edit nbsp Geology portal Company town History of coal mining List of coalfields Trade union Upper Silesian Coal BasinReferences edit Coal Exports by Country 2020 www worldstopexports com Retrieved 2021 09 01 Which countries have the highest coal reserves in the world www mining technology com Retrieved 2021 09 01 MBendi Information for Africa Africa Mining Coal Mining Overview 2008 08 webpage 1 retrieved from http cornerstonemag net chinas coal industry must follow the path of sustainable production capacity Archived 2013 08 16 at the Wayback Machine Coal India Badgaa Ganbaatar Current Status of and Prospects for Energy Resources and Infrastructure Development of South Gobi in Mongolia PDF Ministry of Fuel and Energy Mongolia Department of Fuel Policy and Regulation Retrieved 28 August 2010 Investment Opportunity Minerals Foreign Investment and Foreign Trade Agency FIFTA The Government of Mongolia Archived from the original on 2 February 2011 Retrieved 28 August 2010 Coal Mining in Mongolia Overview www mbendi com Archived from the original on 4 September 2012 Retrieved 22 May 2022 SouthGobi Energy Resources LTD Mongolia Fri May 21 2010 Archived from the original on 2010 05 21 Retrieved 2010 05 27 Elga Coal Complex Mechel Archived from the original on 9 April 2018 Retrieved 16 August 2017 Elga Coal Complex history Mechel Archived from the original on 2 July 2016 Retrieved 16 August 2017 Yakutugol planiruet v sentyabre otkryt obogatitelnuyu fabriku na Elginskom mestorozhdenii moshnostyu 3 mln tonn Metallosnabzhenie i sbyt in Russian 21 August 2012 Retrieved 16 August 2017 See German Wikipedia for a detailed listing Lepisto Christine December 25 2018 German President gets coal for Christmas as last black coal mine closes TreeHugger Retrieved 2019 01 26 Coal in Canada s Energy Market Annual Coal Report Energy Information Administration www eia doe gov Retrieved 2017 09 18 US Energy Information Administration Recoverable coal reserves and average annuay recovery percentage at producing mines by state 2006 2005 PDF file downloaded 27 January 2009 Annual Coal Report Energy Information Administration www eia doe gov Retrieved 2017 09 18 Black Coal Resources Australian Coal AssociationExternal links editUS Department of Energy estimates of worldwide reserves of coal Biggest coal reserves by country Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Coal mining region amp oldid 1221175489, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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