Liu Cixin
Liu Cixin (Chinese: 刘慈欣, pronounced [ljǒʊ tsʰɨ̌ɕín]; born 23 June 1963)[1] is a Chinese science fiction writer.[2] He is a nine-time winner of China's Galaxy Award and has also received the 2015 Hugo Award for his novel The Three-Body Problem as well as the 2017 Locus Award for Death's End. He is also a winner of the Chinese Nebula Award.[3] In English translations of his works, his name is given as Cixin Liu. He is a member of China Science Writers Association and the vice president of Shanxi Writers Association.[4] He is also called "Da Liu" ("Big Liu").[5]
Liu Cixin | |
|---|---|
Liu in 2015 | |
| Native name | 刘慈欣 |
| Born | 23 June 1963 Beijing, China |
| Occupation | Science fiction writer, computer engineer |
| Nationality | Chinese |
| Period | 1989–present |
| Genre | Science fiction |
| Notable works | Remembrance of Earth's Past |
| Liu Cixin | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Traditional Chinese | 劉慈欣 | ||||||||
| Simplified Chinese | 刘慈欣 | ||||||||
| |||||||||
Life and career
Liu was born on 23 June 1963 in Beijing and raised in Yangquan, Shanxi,[5] where his parents had been sent to work in the mines.[6] Due to the violence of the Cultural Revolution he was sent to live in his ancestral home in Luoshan County, Henan.[7] Liu graduated from the North China University of Water Conservancy and Electric Power in 1988. He then worked as a computer engineer at a power plant in Shanxi province.[8]
Writing
Liu's writing is influenced by fiction. He cites British authors George Orwell and Arthur C. Clarke as important literary influences.[9] He was labeled the first cyberpunk Chinese author after his novel, China 2185, was published in 1989.[10] Liu's most famous work, The Three-Body Problem, was published in 2007 (it is the first novel in the Remembrance of Earth's Past trilogy). American author Ken Liu's 2014 translation (published by Tor Books) won the 2015 Hugo Award for Best Novel.[11] Liu Cixin thus became the first author from Asia to win Best Novel.[12] The German translation (which included some portions of the original text not included in the English translation) followed in 2016.[13] Ken Liu also translated the third volume of The Three-Body Problem series, Death's End, in 2016.[14] Death's End was a 2017 Hugo Award for Best Novel finalist and won a 2017 Locus Award for Best Science Fiction Novel.
Liu's three novels had been a sensation of Chinese science fiction literature within Chinese territory and internationally. In 2012, even the winner of the Nobel Prize of Literature, Mo Yan, acclaimed the remarkable originality of Liu Cixin.[15] Liu's fiction focuses primarily on problems such as social inequality, scientific development and ecological limitations that impact humanity.[16] Chinese science fiction, then, acts as a vehicle that expresses hope for social change and modernization to contextualize the process of globalization.[17] With the novels revolving around China, not implying the favourability to this country but to remind that China and as well as other countries face the same threats that endanger civilization and the world.[16] Further, proper translation of Chinese science fiction and literature in general would help to overcome the divisions between different cultures.[17] This would facilitate the integration of new ideas and allow Chinese culture to be an essential part of world literature.[17]
Adaptations
A cinematic adaptation of The Three-Body Problem has been filmed, but its release has been indefinitely postponed.[18] In March 2018, Amazon was rumored to be negotiating for the rights to the project.[19][20] However, YooZoo Pictures released a statement in response stating that it was the "sole owner of the rights for film and TV series adaptations."[20] Although it "was originally scheduled to be released in 2017," the project "was postponed indefinitely due to the company's internal shuffling and the rumored 'bad quality' of the film's first cut."[20] In June 2019, it was reported that work had begun on an animated adaptation,[21] and in 2020, October Media announced another adaptation in the works.[22]
The cinematic adaptation of his short story The Wandering Earth was released in China on February 5, 2019,[23] which became the second highest-grossing film in the Chinese box office within 2 weeks.[24]
The science-fiction comedy film Crazy Alien was adapted from his science fiction The Rural Teacher, which has grossed 2.2 billion at the box office, making it the fifteenth film in Chinese film history with a box office exceeding 2 billion.[25]
US streaming platform Netflix announced in September 2020 that it had ordered an English-language series based on Liu's well-known trilogy The Three-Body Problem. Liu would serve as a consulting producer on the project. David Benioff and D.B. Weiss were named as writers and executive producers. Other members of the creative team included executive producer Rian Johnson, Ram Bergman, Bernadette Caulfield, Nena Rodrigue, Lin Qi, and Rosamund Pike.[26] The Netflix television adaptation started production in early November 2021, with a scheduled finish date in August 2022.[27]
Chinese video platform Tencent Video is also working on a series based on The Three Body problem and released the first trailer in June 2022.[28]
Films and TV works
| Year | Work | Type | Role |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2019 | The Wandering Earth | Movie | Original, Executive Producer |
| 2019 | Crazy Alien | Movie | Original |
| 2021 | Earth Rescue Day (末日拯救) | Movie | Screenwriter |
| TBA | The Three-Body Problem | TV series | Consulting Producer |
Personal life
Liu is married and has a daughter.[29]
Political views
According to a June 2019 interview and profile article by The New Yorker, Liu avoids talking about politics. In the same article, Liu argued that democracy was not appropriate for modern China, and individual liberty and freedom of governance is "not what Chinese people care about", adding "If you were to loosen up the country a bit, the consequences would be terrifying." He expressed support for policies such as the one-child policy and the Xinjiang internment camps, saying "the government is helping their economy and trying to lift them out of poverty".[30]
Liu's remarks in the New Yorker interview were questioned by five Republican U.S. senators in a letter to Netflix in September 2020. The letter asks whether Netflix was aware of Liu's remarks and demands a justification for proceeding with the adaptation of The Three-Body Problem.[31][32][33][34] Netflix responded that Liu was not the creator of the show, and that Liu's comments "are not reflective of the views of Netflix or of the show's creators, nor are they part of the plot or themes of the show".[35]
Bibliography
Novels
- China 2185 (中国2185) (1989)
- The Devil's Bricks (魔鬼积木) (2002)
- Supernova Era (超新星纪元) (2004)
- Ball Lightning (球状闪电) (2003)
- The Remembrance of Earth's Past (地球往事) trilogy:
- The Three-Body Problem (三体) (2006)
- The Dark Forest (黑暗森林) (2008)
- Death's End (死神永生) (2010)
- Of Ants and Dinosaurs (2010) renamed to The Cretaceous Past (2021)
Works of short fiction
1999
- The Whale's song (鲸歌) (Science Fiction World)
- With Her Eyes (带上她的眼睛) (Science Fiction World)
- 微观尽头 (Science Fiction World)
- 宇宙坍缩 (Science Fiction World)
2000
- Inferno (地火) (Science Fiction World)
- The Wandering Earth (流浪地球) (Science Fiction World)
2001
- The Village Teacher (乡村教师) (Science Fiction World)
- Full Spectrum Barrage Jamming (全频带阻塞干扰) (Science Fiction World)
- The Micro-Age (微纪元) (Science Fiction World)
- 混沌蝴蝶(科幻大王)
2002
- Devourer (吞食者) (Science Fiction World)
- Sea of Dreams (梦之海) (Science Fiction World)
- Sun of China (中国太阳) (Science Fiction World)
- The Angel Era (天使时代) (Science Fiction World)
- 朝闻道 (Science Fiction World)
- 西洋
2003
- The Glory and the Dream (光荣与梦想) (Science Fiction World)
- The Poetry Cloud (诗云) (Science Fiction World)
- The Longest Fall (地球大炮) (Science Fiction World)
- 思想者 (Science Fiction World)
- 詩雲 (Science Fiction World)
2004
- Of Ants and Dinosaurs (白垩纪往事)
- The Mirror (镜子) (Science Fiction World)
- Yuanyuan's Bubbles (圆圆的肥皂泡)
2005
- The Wages of Humanity (赡养人类) (Science Fiction World)
- Taking Care of God (赡养上帝) (Science Fiction World)
- 欢乐颂 (九州幻想）
2006
- Mountain (山) (Science Fiction World)
2010
- Curse 5.0 (太原之恋) (九州幻想)
- 2018年4月1日
2011
- 烧火工 (guokr.com)
2014
- The Circle (圆) (Carbide Tipped Pens: Seventeen Tales of Hard Science Fiction)
- Time Migration (时间移民）
2016
- Weight of Memories (人生)
2018
- Fields of Gold (黄金原野) (Twelve Tomorrows)
- 2018
2020
- To Hold Up The Sky
Collections
2003
- 爱因斯坦赤道
2004
- With her Eyes (带上她的眼睛）
2008
- The Wandering Earth (流浪地球）
- 魔鬼积木·白垩纪往事
2014
- Time Immigrant (时间移民）
- 2018
Essays
2003
- 文明的反向扩张 (Science Fiction World)
- 远航！远航！ (Science Fiction World)
Awards
| Awards | Results | Works |
|---|---|---|
| 2001 Yinhe (Galaxy Award (China)) | Awarded[36] | 带上她的眼睛 (With Her Eyes) |
| 2005 Yinhe (Galaxy Award (China)) | Awarded | 赡养人类 (Support Human Beings) |
| 2006 Yinhe (Galaxy Award (China)) | Awarded | 三体 (The Three-Body Problem) |
| 2015 Ignotus Awards for Foreign Short Stories | Nominated[37] | 赡养上帝 (¿Quién cuidará de los dioses?) |
| 2015 Hugo Award for Best Novel | Awarded[38] | 三体 (The Three-Body Problem) |
| 2015 Nebula Award for Best Novel | Nominated[39] | 三体 (The Three-Body Problem) |
| 2015 Locus Award for Best SF Novel | Nominated[40] | 三体 (The Three-Body Problem) |
| 2015 Prometheus Award | Nominated[41] | 三体 (The Three-Body Problem) |
| 2015 John W. Campbell Memorial Award | Nominated[42] | 三体 (The Three-Body Problem) |
| 2016-2017 Canopus Awards | Nominated[43] | 三体 (The Three-Body Problem) |
| 2017 Kurd-Laßwitz-Preis for Best Foreign SF work | Awarded[44] | 三体 (Die drei Sonnen) |
| 2017 Premio Ignotus for Foreign Novel | Awarded[45] | 三体 (El problema de los tres cuerpos) |
| 2017 Grand Prix de l'Imaginaire for Foreign Novel | Nominated[46] | 三体 (Le Problème à trois corps) |
| 2017 Hugo Award for Best Novel | Nominated | 死神永生 (Death's End) |
| 2017 Locus Award for Best Science Fiction Novel | Awarded[47] | 死神永生 (Death's End) |
| 2017 Dragon Awards for Best Science Fiction Novel | Nominated[48] | 死神永生 (Death's End) |
| 2018 Arthur C. Clarke Award for Imagination in Service to Society | Awarded[49] | The author himself |
| 2019 Seiun Awards for Best Translated Story | Awarded[50] | 圆（The Circle) |
| 2020 Seiun Awards for Best Translated Long Work | Awarded[51] | 三体 (The Three-Body Problem) |
| 2021 Seiun Awards for Best Translated Long Work | Awarded[52] | 三体II 黒暗森林 (The Dark Forest） |
References
- ^ "Summary Bibliography: Cixin Liu". www.isfdb.org.
- ^ What lies beyond By Chitralekha Basu and Guo Shuhan, China Daily 4 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Awards for Chinese-language science fictions announced
- ^ "Liu Cixin".
- ^ a b "Liu Cixin's War of the Worlds". The New Yorker. 14 June 2019. Retrieved 30 November 2021.
- ^ Peyton, Will (2021). "Chinese and Western Literary Influence in Liu Cixin's Three Body Trilogy". Studies in Global Science Fiction. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-79315-9. ISBN 978-3-030-79314-2. ISSN 2569-8826. S2CID 243509883.
- ^ Three Body Problem: Author's postscript to the American Edition
- ^ Richardson, Nick (8 February 2018). "Even what doesn't happen is epic". London Review of Books. 40 (3) – via www.lrb.co.uk.
- ^ Misra, Ria (14 January 2015). "This Is What It's Like To Write Science Fiction Novels In China". io9. Gizmodo.
- ^ Martin, Nicolas (2 November 2018). "Le corps cybernétique : quand la SF s'incarne". France Culture (in French). Retrieved 14 December 2018.
- ^ "2015 Hugo Awards". The Hugo Awards. 31 March 2015.
- ^ Chen, Andrea (24 August 2015). "Out of this world: Chinese sci-fi author Liu Cixin is Asia's first writer to win Hugo award for best novel". South China Morning Post. Retrieved 27 August 2015.
- ^ "Deutsche Übersetzung von "The Three-Body Problem" könnte nächsten Herbst erscheinen" (in German). China Internet Information Center. 1 September 2015. Retrieved 8 March 2017.
- ^ Canavan, Gerry (12 February 2016). "Quiet, Too Quiet". Los Angeles Review of Books. Retrieved 9 July 2019.
- ^ Gaffric, Gwennaël; Peyton, Will (2019). "Liu Cixin's Three-Body Trilogy and the Status of Science Fiction in Contemporary China". Science Fiction Studies. 46 (1): 21–38. doi:10.5621/sciefictstud.46.1.0021. ISSN 0091-7729. JSTOR 10.5621/sciefictstud.46.1.0021. S2CID 127705525.
- ^ a b THIERET, ADRIAN (2015). "Society and Utopia in Liu Cixin". China Perspectives. 1 (101): 33–39. doi:10.4000/chinaperspectives.6643. ISSN 2070-3449. JSTOR 43392963.
- ^ a b c Wu, You (1 November 2020). "Globalization, Science Fiction and the China Story: Translation, Dissemination and Reception of Liu Cixin's Works across the Globe". Critical Arts. 34 (6): 56–70. doi:10.1080/02560046.2020.1850820. ISSN 0256-0046. S2CID 231741842.
- ^ "Premiere of Film based on Acclaimed Sci-fi Novel 'The Three-Body Problem' Pushed Back until 2017". EntGroup. 23 June 2016. Retrieved 24 June 2015.
- ^ Desta, Yohana (27 March 2018). "Amazon's Reportedly Dropping $1 Billion for a TV Show to Rival Game of Thrones". Vanity Fair. Condé Nast.
- ^ a b c Zhou, Jing (23 March 2018). "Rights holder won't give up 'Three-Body' series". www.china.org.cn. Retrieved 19 June 2018.
- ^ Liptak, Andrew (21 June 2019). "An animated adaptation of Chinese sci-fi novel The Three-Body Problem is in development". The Verge. Retrieved 9 July 2019.
- ^ "China has another Three-Body Problem film in the works". South China Morning Post. 26 June 2020. Retrieved 29 December 2020.
- ^ Butcher, Asa (26 October 2018). "Film based on Three-Body Problem writer's sci-fi story set for February release in China". gbtimes.com. Retrieved 18 February 2019.
- ^ Linder, Alex (18 February 2019). "The Wandering Earth is now the second-highest grossing movie in Chinese history". Shanghaiist. Retrieved 18 February 2019.
- ^ Zhao, Yushan; Wang, Miao; Li, Lijun (2015). "Translation Mode of Book of Change from the Perspective of Communication Science". Proceedings of the 2015 International Conference on Education Reform and Modern Management. Paris, France: Atlantis Press. 15. doi:10.2991/ermm-15.2015.58. ISBN 978-94-62520-66-0.
- ^ "International best-seller 'The Three-Body Problem' to be adapted as a Netflix original series". Netflix Media Center. 2 September 2020. Retrieved 17 June 2022.
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- ^ Tantimedh, Adi (25 June 2022). "The Three-Body Problem: New Chinese Trailer, Key Art Poster Released". Bleeding Cool News And Rumors. Retrieved 8 August 2022.
- ^ "刘慈欣：《三体》的成功只是特例". news.ifeng.com. Retrieved 11 July 2017.
- ^ Fan, Jiayang (17 June 2019). "Liu Cixin's War of the Worlds". The New Yorker. Retrieved 27 November 2019.
- ^ "Blackburn, Colleagues Raise Concerns About Netflix's Choice to Adapt and Promote Film by Proponent of Uyghur Internment". U.S. Senator Marsha Blackburn of Tennessee. 24 September 2020. Retrieved 5 January 2021.
- ^ Brzeski, Patrick (24 September 2020). "GOP Senators Send Letter to Netflix Challenging Plans to Adapt Chinese Sci-Fi Novel 'The Three Body Problem'". hollywoodreporter.com. Retrieved 5 January 2021.
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- ^ Kevin (23 August 2015). "2015 Hugo Award Winners Announced". The Hugo Awards. from the original on 24 August 2015. Retrieved 6 August 2017.
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- ^ Publications, Locus (27 June 2015). "Locus Online News » 2015 Locus Awards Winners". www.locusmag.com. from the original on 12 June 2017. Retrieved 6 August 2017.
- ^ Publications, Locus (13 July 2015). "Locus Online News » 2015 Prometheus Award Winner". www.locusmag.com. from the original on 12 June 2017. Retrieved 6 August 2017.
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- ^ "2016-2017 Canopus Awards Finalists". Locus Online. 12 April 2017. Retrieved 16 November 2018.
- ^ Publications, Locus (12 June 2017). "Locus Online News » 2017 Kurd Laßwitz Preis Winners". www.locusmag.com. from the original on 6 August 2017. Retrieved 6 August 2017.
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- ^ "2017 Locus Awards Winners". Locus Online. 24 June 2017. Retrieved 16 November 2018.
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- ^ locusmag (29 July 2019). "2019 Seiun Awards Winners". Locus Online. Retrieved 19 February 2022.
- ^ "2020年 第51回星雲賞". www.sf-fan.gr.jp. Retrieved 30 November 2022.
- ^ "2021年 第52回星雲賞". www.sf-fan.gr.jp. Retrieved 30 November 2022.
External links
- Liu Cixin at the Internet Speculative Fiction Database
- "Liu Cixin" (The Encyclopedia of Science Fiction; by Jonathan Clements)