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Cichorioideae

The Cichorioideae are a subfamily of the family Asteraceae of flowering plants. Familiar members of Cichorioideae include lettuce, dandelions, chicory and Gazania species. The subfamily comprises about 240 genera and about 2900 species. It is heterogeneous and hard to characterize except with molecular characters.

Cichorioideae
Cichorium intybus
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Asterales
Family: Asteraceae
Subfamily: Cichorioideae
Chevallier
Tribes

See text

Taxonomy edit

The subfamily as understood in 1998 turned out to be paraphyletic, based on studies of DNA sequences,[1] so a number of tribes were moved to new subfamilies. Names for the new subfamilies were published in 2002.[2] In 2004, 2007, and 2008, molecular phylogenetic studies further clarified relationships within Cichorioideae.[3][4][5]

Major works on Asteraceae were published in 2007 and 2009. These were the only comprehensive treatments of the family since 1994.[6] In the 2007 book, Gundelia and Warionia were segregated from the tribe Cichorieae to form the tribe Gundelieae. Eremothamnus, Hoplophyllum, Heterolepis, and Platycarpha were placed incertae sedis in tribe Arctotideae, while Distephanus, Trichospira, Moquinia, and Pseudostifftia were placed in the tribe Vernonieae.[7] Some of this classification was not supported by phylogenetic studies that came out later.[8][5] For example, the tribe Arctotideae was only weakly supported as monophyletic, but its two subtribes, Arctotidinae and Gorteriinae, were strongly supported.

In the 2009 book, the Gundelieae were sunk into the Cichorieae. The new tribe Platycarpheae was recognized, as well as the tribes Eremothamneae and Moquinieae. Heterolepis was placed in the Arctotideae, at least provisionally. Distephanus was not placed in the Moquinieae or the Vernonieae, but is closely related to them.[9] Trichospira was placed in the Vernonieae, but its inclusion there is in doubt.


Phylogeny edit

The following phylogeny is from Systematics, Evolution and Biogeography of the Compositae, except the tribe Gundelieae is recognized and the genus Trichospira is now included in Vernonieae.

Cichorioideae

Gundelieae

Cichorieae

Eremothamneae

Arctotidinae

Heterolepis

Gorteriinae

Platycarpheae

References edit

  1. ^ Bayer, Randall J.; Starr, Julian R. (1998). "Tribal Phylogeny of the Asteraceae Based on Two Non-Coding Chloroplast Sequences, the trnL Intron and trnL/trnF Intergenic Spacer". Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden. 85 (2): 242–256. doi:10.2307/2992008. JSTOR 2992008.
  2. ^ Jose L. Panero; Vicki A. Funk (2002-12-30). (PDF). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. Biological Society of Washington. 115 (4): 909–922. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2006-09-14. Retrieved 2007-08-12.
  3. ^ Funk, Vicki A.; Chan, Raymund; Keeley, Sterling C. (2004). "Insights into the Evolution of the Tribe Arctoteae (Compositae: Subfamily Cichorioideae s.s.) Using trnL-F, ndhF, and ITS". Taxon. 53 (3): 637–655. doi:10.2307/4135440. JSTOR 4135440.
  4. ^ Sterling C. Keeley, Zac H. Forsman, and Raymund Chan. 2007. "A phylogeny of the "evil tribe" (Vernonieae: Compositae) reveals Old/New World long distance dispersal: Support from separate and combined congruent datasets (trnL-F, ndhF, ITS)". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 44(1):89-103.
  5. ^ a b Jose L. Panero and Vicki A. Funk. 2008. "The value of sampling anomalous taxa in phylogenetic studies: Major clades of the Asteraceae revealed". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 47(2):757–782.
  6. ^ Kåre Bremer (with the assistance of Arne A. Anderberg, Per Ola Karis, Bertil Nordenstam, Johannes Lundberg, and Olof Ryding). 1994. Asteraceae: cladistics and classification. Timber Press: Oregon, USA. ISBN 978-0-88192-275-2.
  7. ^ Klaus Kubitzki (series editor); Joachim W. Kadereit and Charles Jeffrey (volume editors). The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants volume VIII. Springer-Verlag: Berlin; Heidelberg, Germany. ISBN 978-3-540-31050-1
  8. ^ Vicki A. Funk; Raymund Chan; Stirling C. Keeley (2004). "Insights into the evolution of the tribe Arctoteae (Compositae: subfamily Cichorioideae s.s.) using trnL-F, ndhF, and ITS" (PDF). Taxon. 53 (3): 637–655. doi:10.2307/4135440. JSTOR 4135440.
  9. ^ Vicki A. Funk, Alfonso Susanna, Tod F. Stuessy, and Randall J. Bayer. 2009. Systematics, Evolution and Biogeography of the Compositae. IAPT (International Association for Plant Taxonomy). ISBN 978-3-9501754-3-1 (see External links below).

External links edit

  • At:
  • Cichorioideae At: Tree of Life
  • Phylogenetic Analysis of the Cichorioideae (Asteraceae), with Emphasis on the Mutisieae
  • UniProt. "Subfamily Cichorioideae". Retrieved 2008-06-30. At: Uniprot Taxonomy At: Uniprot
  •   The dictionary definition of Cichorioideae at Wiktionary
  •   Media related to Cichorioideae at Wikimedia Commons
  •   Data related to Cichorioideae at Wikispecies

cichorioideae, subfamily, family, asteraceae, flowering, plants, familiar, members, include, lettuce, dandelions, chicory, gazania, species, subfamily, comprises, about, genera, about, 2900, species, heterogeneous, hard, characterize, except, with, molecular, . The Cichorioideae are a subfamily of the family Asteraceae of flowering plants Familiar members of Cichorioideae include lettuce dandelions chicory and Gazania species The subfamily comprises about 240 genera and about 2900 species It is heterogeneous and hard to characterize except with molecular characters CichorioideaeCichorium intybusScientific classificationKingdom PlantaeClade TracheophytesClade AngiospermsClade EudicotsClade AsteridsOrder AsteralesFamily AsteraceaeSubfamily CichorioideaeChevallierTribesSee text Contents 1 Taxonomy 2 Phylogeny 3 References 4 External linksTaxonomy editThe subfamily as understood in 1998 turned out to be paraphyletic based on studies of DNA sequences 1 so a number of tribes were moved to new subfamilies Names for the new subfamilies were published in 2002 2 In 2004 2007 and 2008 molecular phylogenetic studies further clarified relationships within Cichorioideae 3 4 5 Major works on Asteraceae were published in 2007 and 2009 These were the only comprehensive treatments of the family since 1994 6 In the 2007 book Gundelia and Warionia were segregated from the tribe Cichorieae to form the tribe Gundelieae Eremothamnus Hoplophyllum Heterolepis and Platycarpha were placed incertae sedis in tribe Arctotideae while Distephanus Trichospira Moquinia and Pseudostifftia were placed in the tribe Vernonieae 7 Some of this classification was not supported by phylogenetic studies that came out later 8 5 For example the tribe Arctotideae was only weakly supported as monophyletic but its two subtribes Arctotidinae and Gorteriinae were strongly supported In the 2009 book the Gundelieae were sunk into the Cichorieae The new tribe Platycarpheae was recognized as well as the tribes Eremothamneae and Moquinieae Heterolepis was placed in the Arctotideae at least provisionally Distephanus was not placed in the Moquinieae or the Vernonieae but is closely related to them 9 Trichospira was placed in the Vernonieae but its inclusion there is in doubt Phylogeny editThe following phylogeny is from Systematics Evolution and Biogeography of the Compositae except the tribe Gundelieae is recognized and the genus Trichospira is now included in Vernonieae Cichorioideae GundelieaeCichorieaeEremothamneaeArctotidinaeHeterolepisGorteriinaePlatycarpheaeLiabeaeDistephanusTrichospiraMoquinieaeVernonieaeReferences edit Bayer Randall J Starr Julian R 1998 Tribal Phylogeny of the Asteraceae Based on Two Non Coding Chloroplast Sequences the trnL Intron and trnL trnF Intergenic Spacer Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 85 2 242 256 doi 10 2307 2992008 JSTOR 2992008 Jose L Panero Vicki A Funk 2002 12 30 Toward a phylogenetic subfamilial classification for the Compositae Asteraceae PDF Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington Biological Society of Washington 115 4 909 922 Archived from the original PDF on 2006 09 14 Retrieved 2007 08 12 Funk Vicki A Chan Raymund Keeley Sterling C 2004 Insights into the Evolution of the Tribe Arctoteae Compositae Subfamily Cichorioideae s s Using trnL F ndhF and ITS Taxon 53 3 637 655 doi 10 2307 4135440 JSTOR 4135440 Sterling C Keeley Zac H Forsman and Raymund Chan 2007 A phylogeny of the evil tribe Vernonieae Compositae reveals Old New World long distance dispersal Support from separate and combined congruent datasets trnL F ndhF ITS Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 44 1 89 103 a b Jose L Panero and Vicki A Funk 2008 The value of sampling anomalous taxa in phylogenetic studies Major clades of the Asteraceae revealed Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 47 2 757 782 Kare Bremer with the assistance of Arne A Anderberg Per Ola Karis Bertil Nordenstam Johannes Lundberg and Olof Ryding 1994 Asteraceae cladistics and classification Timber Press Oregon USA ISBN 978 0 88192 275 2 Klaus Kubitzki series editor Joachim W Kadereit and Charles Jeffrey volume editors The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants volume VIII Springer Verlag Berlin Heidelberg Germany ISBN 978 3 540 31050 1 Vicki A Funk Raymund Chan Stirling C Keeley 2004 Insights into the evolution of the tribe Arctoteae Compositae subfamily Cichorioideae s s using trnL F ndhF and ITS PDF Taxon 53 3 637 655 doi 10 2307 4135440 JSTOR 4135440 Vicki A Funk Alfonso Susanna Tod F Stuessy and Randall J Bayer 2009 Systematics Evolution and Biogeography of the Compositae IAPT International Association for Plant Taxonomy ISBN 978 3 9501754 3 1 see External links below External links editClassification compositae book chapter 11 At The International Compositae Alliance Cichorioideae At Tree of Life Phylogenetic Analysis of the Cichorioideae Asteraceae with Emphasis on the Mutisieae UniProt Subfamily Cichorioideae Retrieved 2008 06 30 At Uniprot Taxonomy At Uniprot nbsp The dictionary definition of Cichorioideae at Wiktionary nbsp Media related to Cichorioideae at Wikimedia Commons nbsp Data related to Cichorioideae at Wikispecies Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Cichorioideae amp oldid 1180282640, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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