"Chronica" and "Chronicler" redirect here. For the books of the Hebrew Bible, see Books of Chronicles.
A chronicle (Latin: chronica, from Greekχρονικάchroniká, from χρόνος, chrónos – "time") is a historical account of events arranged in chronological order, as in a timeline. Typically, equal weight is given for historically important events and local events, the purpose being the recording of events that occurred, seen from the perspective of the chronicler. A chronicle which traces world history is a universal chronicle. This is in contrast to a narrative or history, in which an author chooses events to interpret and analyze and excludes those the author does not consider important or relevant.
The information sources for chronicles vary. Some are written from the chronicler's direct knowledge, others from witnesses or participants in events, still others are accounts passed down from generation to generation by oral tradition.[1] Some used written material, such as charters, letters, and earlier chronicles.[1] Still others are tales of unknown origin that have mythical status.[1] Copyists also changed chronicles in creative copying, making corrections or in updating or continuing a chronicle with information not available to the original chronicler.[1] Determining the reliability of particular chronicles is important to historians.[1]
Many newspapers and other periodical literature have adopted "chronicle" as part of their name. Various fictional stories have also adopted "chronicle" as part of their title, to give an impression of epic proportion to their stories.
Scholars categorize the genre of chronicle into two subgroups: live chronicles, and dead chronicles. A dead chronicle is one where the author assembles a list of events up to the time of their writing, but does not record further events as they occur. A live chronicle is where one or more authors add to a chronicle in a regular fashion, recording contemporary events shortly after they occur. Because of the immediacy of the information, historians tend to value live chronicles, such as annals, over dead ones.
The term often refers to a book written by a chronicler in the Middle Ages describing historical events in a country, or the lives of a nobleman or a clergyman, although it is also applied to a record of public events. The earliest medieval chronicle to combine both retrospective (dead) and contemporary (live) entries, is the Chronicle of Ireland, which spans the years 431 to 911.[2]
Chronicles are the predecessors of modern "time lines" rather than analytical histories. They represent accounts, in prose or verse, of local or distant events over a considerable period of time, both the lifetime of the individual chronicler and often those of several subsequent continuators. If the chronicles deal with events year by year, they are often called annals. Unlike the modern historian, most chroniclers tended to take their information as they found it, and made little attempt to separate fact from legend. The point of view of most chroniclers is highly localised, to the extent that many anonymous chroniclers can be sited in individual abbeys.
It is impossible to say how many chronicles exist, as the many ambiguities in the definition of the genre make it impossible to draw clear distinctions of what should or should not be included. However, the Encyclopedia of the Medieval Chronicle lists some 2,500 items written between 300 and 1500 AD.
Citation of entries
Entries in chronicles are often cited using the abbreviation s.a., meaning sub anno (under the year), according to the year under which they are listed. For example, "ASC MS A, s.a. 855" means the entry for the year 855 in manuscript A of the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle. The same event may be recorded under a different year in another manuscript of the chronicle, and may be cited for example as "ASC MS D, s.a. 857".
English chronicles
The most important English chronicles are the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, started under the patronage of King Alfred in the 9th century and continued until the 12th century, and the Chronicles of England, Scotland and Ireland (1577–87) by Raphael Holinshed and other writers; the latter documents were important sources of materials for Elizabethan drama.[3] Later 16th century Scottish chronicles, written after the Reformation, shape history according to Catholic or Protestant viewpoints.
Cronista
A cronista is a term for a historical chronicler, a role that held historical significance in the European Middle Ages. Until the European Enlightenment, the occupation was largely equivalent to that of a historian, describing events chronologically that were of note in a given country or region. As such, it was often an official governmental position rather than an independent practice. The appointment of the official chronicler often favored individuals who had distinguished themselves by their efforts to study, investigate and disseminate population-related issues. The position was granted on a local level based on the mutual agreements of a city council in plenary meetings. Often, the occupation was honorary, unpaid, and stationed for life. In modern usage, the term usually refers to a type of journalist who writes chronicles as a form of journalism or non-professional historical documentation.[4]
Cronista in the Middle Ages
Before the development of modern journalism and the systematization of chronicles as a journalistic genre, cronista were tasked with narrating chronological events considered worthy of remembrance that were recorded year by year. Unlike writers who created epic poems regarding living figures, cronista recorded historical events in the lives of individuals in an ostensibly truthful and reality-oriented way.[citation needed] Even from the time of early Christian historiography, cronistas were clearly expected to place human history in the context of a linear progression, starting with the creation of man until the second coming of Christ, as prophesied in biblical texts.[5]
Alphabetical list of notable chronicles
Chronicles of Flanders. Manuscript manufactured in Flanders, 2nd half of the 15th century. Manuscript preserved in the University Library of Ghent.[6]
This list is incomplete; you can help by adding missing items. (October 2015)
Shahnama-yi-Al-i Osman by Fethullah Arifi Çelebi – Ottoman empire (1300 ac – the end of Sultan Suleyman I's reign) which is the fifth volume of it Süleymanname
chronicle, other, uses, disambiguation, chronica, redirect, here, books, hebrew, bible, books, this, article, needs, additional, citations, verification, please, help, improve, this, article, adding, citations, reliable, sources, unsourced, material, challenge. For other uses see Chronicle disambiguation Chronica and Chronicler redirect here For the books of the Hebrew Bible see Books of Chronicles This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Chronicle news newspapers books scholar JSTOR April 2019 Learn how and when to remove this template message A chronicle Latin chronica from Greek xronika chronika from xronos chronos time is a historical account of events arranged in chronological order as in a timeline Typically equal weight is given for historically important events and local events the purpose being the recording of events that occurred seen from the perspective of the chronicler A chronicle which traces world history is a universal chronicle This is in contrast to a narrative or history in which an author chooses events to interpret and analyze and excludes those the author does not consider important or relevant The information sources for chronicles vary Some are written from the chronicler s direct knowledge others from witnesses or participants in events still others are accounts passed down from generation to generation by oral tradition 1 Some used written material such as charters letters and earlier chronicles 1 Still others are tales of unknown origin that have mythical status 1 Copyists also changed chronicles in creative copying making corrections or in updating or continuing a chronicle with information not available to the original chronicler 1 Determining the reliability of particular chronicles is important to historians 1 Many newspapers and other periodical literature have adopted chronicle as part of their name Various fictional stories have also adopted chronicle as part of their title to give an impression of epic proportion to their stories Contents 1 Subgroups 2 Citation of entries 3 English chronicles 4 Cronista 4 1 Cronista in the Middle Ages 5 Alphabetical list of notable chronicles 6 See also 7 References 8 External linksSubgroups EditScholars categorize the genre of chronicle into two subgroups live chronicles and dead chronicles A dead chronicle is one where the author assembles a list of events up to the time of their writing but does not record further events as they occur A live chronicle is where one or more authors add to a chronicle in a regular fashion recording contemporary events shortly after they occur Because of the immediacy of the information historians tend to value live chronicles such as annals over dead ones The term often refers to a book written by a chronicler in the Middle Ages describing historical events in a country or the lives of a nobleman or a clergyman although it is also applied to a record of public events The earliest medieval chronicle to combine both retrospective dead and contemporary live entries is the Chronicle of Ireland which spans the years 431 to 911 2 Chronicles are the predecessors of modern time lines rather than analytical histories They represent accounts in prose or verse of local or distant events over a considerable period of time both the lifetime of the individual chronicler and often those of several subsequent continuators If the chronicles deal with events year by year they are often called annals Unlike the modern historian most chroniclers tended to take their information as they found it and made little attempt to separate fact from legend The point of view of most chroniclers is highly localised to the extent that many anonymous chroniclers can be sited in individual abbeys It is impossible to say how many chronicles exist as the many ambiguities in the definition of the genre make it impossible to draw clear distinctions of what should or should not be included However the Encyclopedia of the Medieval Chronicle lists some 2 500 items written between 300 and 1500 AD Citation of entries EditEntries in chronicles are often cited using the abbreviation s a meaning sub anno under the year according to the year under which they are listed For example ASC MS A s a 855 means the entry for the year 855 in manuscript A of the Anglo Saxon Chronicle The same event may be recorded under a different year in another manuscript of the chronicle and may be cited for example as ASC MS D s a 857 English chronicles EditThe most important English chronicles are the Anglo Saxon Chronicle started under the patronage of King Alfred in the 9th century and continued until the 12th century and the Chronicles of England Scotland and Ireland 1577 87 by Raphael Holinshed and other writers the latter documents were important sources of materials for Elizabethan drama 3 Later 16th century Scottish chronicles written after the Reformation shape history according to Catholic or Protestant viewpoints Cronista EditA cronista is a term for a historical chronicler a role that held historical significance in the European Middle Ages Until the European Enlightenment the occupation was largely equivalent to that of a historian describing events chronologically that were of note in a given country or region As such it was often an official governmental position rather than an independent practice The appointment of the official chronicler often favored individuals who had distinguished themselves by their efforts to study investigate and disseminate population related issues The position was granted on a local level based on the mutual agreements of a city council in plenary meetings Often the occupation was honorary unpaid and stationed for life In modern usage the term usually refers to a type of journalist who writes chronicles as a form of journalism or non professional historical documentation 4 Cronista in the Middle Ages Edit Before the development of modern journalism and the systematization of chronicles as a journalistic genre cronista were tasked with narrating chronological events considered worthy of remembrance that were recorded year by year Unlike writers who created epic poems regarding living figures cronista recorded historical events in the lives of individuals in an ostensibly truthful and reality oriented way citation needed Even from the time of early Christian historiography cronistas were clearly expected to place human history in the context of a linear progression starting with the creation of man until the second coming of Christ as prophesied in biblical texts 5 Alphabetical list of notable chronicles Edit Chronicles of Flanders Manuscript manufactured in Flanders 2nd half of the 15th century Manuscript preserved in the University Library of Ghent 6 This list is incomplete you can help by adding missing items October 2015 History of Alam Aray Abbasi Safavid dynasty Alamgirnama Mughal Empire Altan Tobchi Mongol Empire Anglo Saxon Chronicle England Annales Bertiniani West Francia Annales Cambriae Wales Annales seu cronicae incliti Regni Poloniae Poland Annals of Inisfallen Ireland Annals of Lough Ce Ireland Annals of the Four Masters Ireland Annals of Spring and Autumn China Annals of Thutmose III Ancient Egypt The Annals of the Choson Dynasty Korea Babylonian Chronicles Mesopotamia Anonymous Bulgarian Chronicle Bulgaria Bodhi Vamsa Sri Lanka Books of Chronicles attributed to Ezra Israel Buranji Ahoms Assam India Camadevivaṃsa Northern Thailand Culavamsa Sri Lanka Chronica Polonorum see Gesta principum Polonorum Cheitharol Kumbaba Manipur India Chronica Gentis Scotorum Chronica seu originale regum et principum Poloniae Poland Chronicon of Eusebius Chronicon Scotorum Ireland Chronicon of Thietmar of Merseburg Chronicle Cronica by Ramon Muntaner 13th 14th century Crown of Aragon Third and longest of the Grand Catalan Chronicles Chronicle of Finland Chronicon Finlandiae by Johannes Messenius Finland Dioclean Priest s Chronicle Europe Chronicle of the Slavs Europe Chronicle of Greater Poland Poland Chronica Hungarorum History of Hungary Chronicle of Jean de Venette France Chronicle of the Bishops of England De Gestis Pontificum Anglorum by William of Malmesbury Chronicle of the Kings of England De Gestis Regum Anglorum by William of Malmesbury Chronographia 11th century History of the Eastern Roman Empire Byzantium by Michael Psellos Comentarios Reales de los Incas Conversion of Kartli Georgia Cronaca 7 Chronicle of Cyprus from the 4th up to the 15th century by Cypriot chronicler Leontios Machairas Cronaca fiorentina Chronicle of Florence up to the end of the 14th Century by Baldassarre Bonaiuti Cronicae et gesta ducum sive principum Polonorum Poland Croyland Chronicle England Dawn Breakers Nabil s Narrative Bahaʼi Faith and Middle East Dipavamsa Sri Lanka Divan of the Abkhazian Kings Georgia Eric Chronicles Sweden Eusebius Chronicle Mediterranean and Middle East Fragmentary Annals of Ireland Ireland Froissart s Chronicles France and Western Europe Galician Volhynian Chronicle Ukraine Georgian Chronicles Georgia Gesta Normannorum Ducum Normandy Gesta principum Polonorum Grandes Chroniques de France France General Estoria by Alfonso X c 1275 1284 Castile Spain Henry of Livona Chronicle Eastern Europe Historia Ecclesiastica Norman England Historia Scholastica by Petrus Comestor 12th century France The Historie and Chronicles of Scotland Robert Lindsay of Pitscottie History of the Prophets and Kings Middle East and Mediterranean Hustyn Chronicle Eastern Europe Jami al tawarikh by Rashid al Din Hamadani Universal history Jans der Enikel Europe and Mediterranean Jerome s Chronicle Mediterranean and Middle East Jinakalamali Northern Thailand Joannis de Czarnkow chronicon Polonorum Poland Kaiserchronik Central and southern Europe Germany Kano Chronicle Nigeria Khulasat ut Tawarikh by Sujan Rai History of India Khwaday Namag History of Persia Kojiki Japan Lethrense Chronicle Denmark Libre dels Feyts Book of the Deeds by James I of Aragon first of the Grand Catalan Chronicles Madala Panji Chronicle of the Jagannath Temple in Puri India related to the History of Odisha Mahavamsa Sri Lanka Maronite Chronicle The Levant anonymous annalistic chronicle in the Syriac language completed shortly after 664 Manx Chronicle Isle of Man Nabonidus Chronicle Mesopotamia Nihon Shoki Japan Nuova Cronica Florence Nuremberg Chronicle Paschale Chronicle Mediterranean Primary Chronicle Eastern Europe Puranas India Rajatarangini Kashmir Roit and Quheil of Tyme Scotland Adam Abell Roskildense Chronicle Denmark Royal Frankish Annals Frankish Empire Scotichronicon by the Scottish historian Walter Bower Shahnama yi Al i Osman by Fethullah Arifi Celebi Ottoman empire 1300 ac the end of Sultan Suleyman I s reign which is the fifth volume of it Suleymanname Skibby Chronicle Danish Latin chronicle from the 1530s Swiss illustrated chronicles Switzerland Timbuktu Chronicles Mali Zizhi Tongjian ChinaSee also EditBooks of Chronicles Chronicles of Nepal List of English chronicles Medieval Chronicle SocietyReferences Edit a b c d e Elisabeth M C Van Houts Memory and Gender in Medieval Europe 900 1200 Toronto Buffalo University of Toronto Press 1999 pp 19 20 Roy Flechner The Chronicle of Ireland Then and Now Early Medieval Europe v 21 4 2013 422 54 Article doi 10 1111 emed 12025 A Glossary of Literary Terms M H Abrams Dadson Trevor J 1983 The Genoese in Spain Gabriel Bocangel Y Unzueta 1603 1658 a Biography in Spanish Tamesis ISBN 978 0 7293 0161 9 Richard W Burgess Studies in Eusebian and post Eusebian Chronography Stuttgart 1999 Kroniek van Vlaanderen van de aanvang tot 1467 lib ugent be Retrieved 2020 08 24 Machairas Leontios doi 10 1163 9789004184640 emc sim 01737 a href Template Cite journal html title Template Cite journal cite journal a Cite journal requires journal help External links EditBemont Charles 1911 Chronicle Encyclopaedia Britannica Vol 6 11th ed pp 298 299 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Chronicle amp oldid 1141581788, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
