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Chris Froome

May 20, 2023

Christopher Clive Froome [kɹɪs fɹuːm], OBE (born 20 May 1985) is a Kenyan-British road racing cyclist who currently rides for UCI ProTeam Israel–Premier Tech.[7][8] He has won seven Grand Tours: four editions of the Tour de France (in 2013, 2015, 2016 and 2017), one Giro d'Italia (2018) and the Vuelta a España twice (2011[N 2] and 2017). He has also won several other stage races, and the Vélo d'Or three times. Froome has also won two Olympic bronze medals in road time trials, in 2012 and 2016, and took bronze in the 2017 World Championships.

Chris Froome
OBE
Froome in 2022
Personal information
Full nameChristopher Clive Froome[1]
NicknameFroomey[2]
Born (1985-05-20) 20 May 1985 (age 37)
Nairobi, Kenya
Height1.86 m (6 ft 1 in)[3]
Weight68 kg (150 lb; 10 st 10 lb)[4]
Team information
Current teamIsrael–Premier Tech
DisciplineRoad
RoleRider
Rider type
Amateur teams
–Super C Academy
–Hi-Q Super Academy
Professional teams
2007Team Konica Minolta
2008–2009Barloworld
2010–2020Team Sky[5][6][N 1]
2021–Israel Start-Up Nation
Major wins
Grand Tours
Tour de France
General classification
(2013, 2015, 2016, 2017)
Mountains classification (2015)
7 individual stages (2012, 2013, 2015, 2016)
Giro d'Italia
General classification (2018)
Mountains classification (2018)
2 individual stages (2018)
Vuelta a España
General classification (2011, 2017)
Points classification (2017)
Combination classification (2011, 2017)
5 individual stages (2011, 2016, 2017)
1 TTT stage (2016)

Stage races

Critérium du Dauphiné (2013, 2015, 2016)
Tour de Romandie (2013, 2014)
Critérium International (2013)
Tour of Oman (2013, 2014)
Vuelta a Andalucía (2015)

Other

Vélo d'Or (2013, 2015, 2017)
Medal record

Froome was born in Kenya to British parents and grew up there and in South Africa. Since 2011 he has been a resident of Monaco. At the age of 22, Froome turned professional with Team Konica Minolta. In 2008, he joined the team Barloworld. The same year he moved to Italy and started to ride under a British licence. In 2010, he moved to Team Sky and quickly became one of the team's key cyclists. Froome made his breakthrough as a Grand Tour contender during the 2011 Vuelta a España where he finished second overall, later promoted to first, retrospectively becoming the first British cyclist to win a Grand Tour cycling event. At the 2012 Tour de France, riding as a super-domestique for Bradley Wiggins, Froome won stage seven and finished second overall, behind Wiggins.

His first recognised multi-stage race win came in 2013, in the Tour of Oman, followed by wins in the Critérium International, the Tour de Romandie, the Critérium du Dauphiné, and the Tour de France. In the 2014 Tour de France, he retired after multiple crashes. In 2015, he won his second Critérium du Dauphiné and his second Tour de France. He won a third Tour de France in 2016 and became the first man since Miguel Induráin in 1995 to successfully defend his title. He won his fourth Tour de France in 2017, followed by successive wins at the 2017 Vuelta a España and the 2018 Giro d'Italia, his first victories in both races.[N 3] These achievements made him the first cyclist to win the Tour–Vuelta double since the Vuelta was moved to September, the first rider to achieve any Grand Tour double in nearly a decade, and the first to hold all three Grand Tour winners' jerseys at the same time since Bernard Hinault in 1983.

Throughout his career Froome has faced a series of allegations that he exploited a loophole in cycling's anti-doping regulations to use a performance-enhancing drug.[9] In 2019 a serious training crash before the Critérium du Dauphiné halted Froome's career, after he broke numerous bones including his pelvis, femur and four ribs. Although he managed to recover following surgery to return to the peloton in 2020, he struggled to regain his former form. He left Ineos Grenadiers at the end of 2020 to join Israel Start-Up Nation but his form struggles continued through the 2021 season, with Froome failing to contend seriously in stage races since his accident. His post-accident struggles drew comparisons with former grand tour contender and three-time podium winner Joseba Beloki who infamously crashed out of the 2003 Tour de France while in contention for the victory, and never recovered his former grand tour form.[10] His most notable Grand Tour accomplishment post-accident was a 3rd-place finish on the Alpe d'Huez stage of the 2022 Tour de France. Froome was in the top 30 overall on general classification when forced to pull out by illness.

Despite these struggles, Froome remains the most successful general classification rider still active in the peloton as of 2022.

Early life and amateur career

Froome was born on 20 May 1985 in Nairobi, Kenya,[11] the youngest of three boys to mother Jane and English father Clive, a former field hockey player who represented England at under-19 level.[12] His mother's parents had emigrated from Tetbury, Gloucestershire, England, to Kenya to run a crop farm.[13][14][15] Whilst living abroad his parents maintained British customs with Sunday roast dinners and Beatles songs which contributed to his desire to represent Great Britain in cycling.[16] In Kenya he would sell avocados and discarded bike parts.[17] Froome's two older brothers, Jonathan and Jeremy, went to Rugby School in Warwickshire, England.[12] When Froome was 13, his mother took him to his first organised bike race, a charity race that he won despite being knocked from his bike by his mother. There he met professional cyclist David Kinjah, who became Froome's mentor and training partner.[12][18][19][20] Initially Kinjah misjudged Froome's attitude, fearing he lacked the "work ethic to keep pace with more experienced riders of the group"[17] His mother was upset with his cycling, often driving out ahead, attempting to drive him back home.[17]

After finishing primary school at the Banda School in Nairobi,[21] Froome moved to South Africa as a 14-year-old to attend St. Andrew's School, a publicly funded school in Bloemfontein[22] and St John's College, a boarding independent school in Johannesburg.[20][23][24] Froome attended St John's alongside South African-born Scott Spedding, who went on to a professional rugby union career including playing internationally for France.[25] Whilst in South Africa he was the school's cycling captain and kept in contact with Kinjah.[17] He then studied economics for two years at the University of Johannesburg.[26][27][28] In South Africa Froome started to participate in road cycling. On one of his school holidays, his home club gifted him with a second-hand yellow jersey. Being unaware of the Tour de France, he failed to see the significance.[17]

It was not until he was 22 that he turned professional.[26] Froome started road racing in South Africa, specialising as a climber.[29] Froome competed for Kenya in the road time trial and the road race at the 2006 Commonwealth Games in Melbourne, where he finished 17th and 25th respectively, catching the attention of future Team Sky principal Dave Brailsford: "The performance he did, on the equipment he was on, that takes some doing ... We always thought he was a bit of a diamond in the rough, who had a huge potential."[30] While representing Kenya at the 2006 Road World Championships in the under-23 category in Salzburg, Austria, Froome crashed into an official just after the start of the time trial,[11] causing both men to fall; although neither was injured,[31] he finished in 36th place.[32] Froome's appearance at the Worlds came about after he impersonated Kenyan cycling federation president Julius Mwangi by using Mwangi's email account to enter himself into the Championships, in order to add some European racing experience to his CV and boost his chances of obtaining a contract with a professional team.[33]

Professional career

2007–2010: Early years

 
Froome at the 2007 Tour of Britain, during his first season as a professional

Froome turned professional in 2007, aged 22, with the South African team, Konica Minolta, withdrawing from university two years into his degree in economics.[34] He competed from April to September in the U23 Nations Cup for the Union Cycliste Internationale's World Cycling Centre (WCC) team based in Aigle, Switzerland.[35] In May he rode his first stage race, the Giro delle Regioni, winning stage five, riding for WCC.[34][36] In late-May he won stage six of the Tour of Japan, attacking from a breakaway in the fourteen-lap circuit in Shuzenji.[37] In June he competed at the "B" world championships in Cape Town, placing second to China's Haijun Ma in the 26.8-kilometre-long (16.7 mi) time trial.[38][39] In July, he claimed a bronze medal in the road race at the All-Africa Games in Algiers, Algeria.[40] On 26 September, he placed forty-first in the under-23 time trial at the world championships in Stuttgart, three minutes and thirty seconds behind the gold medalist, Lars Boom of the Netherlands.[41] His performances in 2007 attracted the attention of British Cycling coach, Rod Ellingworth, who believed Froome had potential. Froome said: "Although I was riding under the Kenyan flag I made it clear that I had always carried a British passport and felt British. It was then we talked about racing under the Union Flag, and we stayed in touch."[13]

 
Froome on the 2008 Tour de France's final Champs-Élysées stage in Paris, riding in his first season for Barloworld

Froome was introduced to the South African-backed, second-tier UCI Professional Continental team, Barloworld, by South African Robbie Hunter, signing with them for the 2008 season.[23][34] In March he finished second overall in the Giro del Capo in South Africa, one minute and forty-one seconds behind his teammate, Christian Pfannberger.[42] Over March and April, he rode the Critérium International, Gent–Wevelgem and the Ardennes classics. In May 2008, Froome switched from a Kenyan licence to a British licence, to have a chance of riding in the 2008 Summer Olympics, where Kenya did not qualify.[43] He made his Grand Tour debut when he was named in Barloworld's squad for the Tour de France – becoming the first participant born in Kenya,[43] in which he finished 84th overall and 11th among the young rider classification.[44] In October, Froome finished fourth overall in the Herald Sun Tour in Victoria, Australia.[45]

Froome claimed his next professional win in March 2009, with the second stage of the Giro del Capo in Durbanville, South Africa, attacking a ten-strong breakaway with 30 km (18.6 mi) and finishing four minutes ahead.[46] He then participated in the Giro d'Italia, in which he came 36th overall, and seventh young rider classification.[47] In July he won a minor one day race, Anatomic Jock Race, in Barberton South Africa.[48] In September 2009, it was announced that he was to join British cycling team, Team Sky, for the 2010 season.[49]

Froome rode the 2010 Giro d'Italia. On stage nineteen, he was suffering with a knee injury and on the Mortirolo Pass he was seen holding on to a police motorbike. He had been dropped by the gruppetto, and intended to reach the feed zone and retire from the race. For holding on to the motorbike he was disqualified from the race.[50][51] During his first season with Sky, his best result was at the Tour du Haut Var, where he finished ninth in the overall standings.[52] He also finished second at the 2010 national time trial championships.[53] In October he represented England at the Commonwealth Games, in Delhi, coming fifth in the 40-kilometre-long (25 mi) time trial, two minutes and twenty seconds behind the winner, Scotland's David Millar.[54]

2011: Breakthrough, First Grand Tour victory

The early highlights of Froome's 2011 season were top fifteen finishes in the Vuelta a Castilla y León and the Tour de Romandie. Froome had a mixed Tour de Suisse, riding with the lead group on some mountain stages yet losing time on others, and finishing ninth in the final time trial,[55] and 47th in the general classification.[56] He continued his season at the Brixia Tour where he finished 45th in the general classification, and the Tour de Pologne, finishing 85th.[57]

 
Froome and Juan José Cobo, on stage 19 of the 2011 Vuelta a España. Cobo was subsequently disqualified for doping, and Froome declared the winner.

Froome entered the Vuelta a España as a last-minute replacement for Lars Petter Nordhaug[57] and a domestique for Bradley Wiggins. Wiggins gave him credit for his ride in stage nine, where he helped Wiggins gain time on his rivals.[58] The following day in stage ten, however, Froome out-rode Wiggins to finish second in the time-trial behind HTC–Highroad's Tony Martin and to take an unexpected lead in the race.[59][60] During stage eleven he helped his team neutralise some attacks but soon found himself unable to follow the main group. However, he managed to hang on to second place in the general classification.[61]

After losing the jersey to Wiggins on stage eleven, Froome continued to ride in support of his leader. On stage fourteen, he helped to drop rivals including Liquigas–Cannondale rider Vincenzo Nibali and Joaquim Rodríguez (Team Katusha) on the final climb. Wiggins credited his lead to Froome, in a stage which also saw Froome rise back up to second in the standings.[62] On the tough stage fifteen which ended on the Alto de l'Angliru, stage winner Juan José Cobo (Geox–TMC) took the overall lead. Froome finished in fourth place, forty-eight seconds behind Cobo, and retained his second place in the overall strandings.[63]

On stage seventeen, Froome attacked Cobo 1 km (0.6 mi) from the summit finish, but Cobo fought back, catching Froome in the final 300 metres, only for Froome to attack again to win the stage and arrive one second in front of Cobo.[64] As a result of time bonuses, Froome reduced Cobo's lead to thirteen seconds. Froome was unable to reduce Cobo's lead any further and initially was placed second overall in the Vuelta.[65] On 17 July 2019, Froome was declared the winner of the race following the disqualification of Cobo for drug offences.[66] The win, retroactively, made him the first British rider to win a Grand Tour.

Froome was initially close to being dropped by the team at the end of the season, and Sky's team manager Dave Brailsford had been in talks with Team RadioShack's manager Johan Bruyneel offering a trade, but Brunyeel had turned down the offer saying 'I want a cyclist, not a donkey'.[67][68][69] However, after watching Froome's strong performance in the Vuelta, team manager Dave Brailsford reportedly flew to Spain to offer him a new contract in the middle of the race.[67] Five days after the race's finish in Madrid, Froome signed a new three-year contract with Sky.[70]

Later that year, it was revealed Froome had suffered throughout the year from the parasitic disease schistosomiasis, after having picked up the disease during a visit to Kenya in 2010.[71][12][72] Brailsford speculated that the disease had affected Froome's earlier career in a negative way.[73] The discovery and subsequent treatment of the illness has been used to explain Froome's rapid rise in form during 2011.[23][73] He was part of the Great Britain team that helped Mark Cavendish win the world road race championship.[74] In October, Froome finished third overall in the first edition of the Tour of Beijing, 26 seconds behind overall winner Tony Martin.[75]

2012: Super-domestique to team leader

The early part of Froome's 2012 season was wrecked by illness. He withdrew from the Volta ao Algarve with a severe chest infection, and blood tests showed the schistosoma parasites were still in his system.[71][76] In March, while on a training ride, Froome collided with a 72-year-old pedestrian.[77] He returned to racing in May, for the Tour de Romandie, where he helped Wiggins win the race overall,[78] before participating in a training camp on Teide in Tenerife with several of his teammates.[79]

 
Froome riding in support of Bradley Wiggins at the Tour de France, where he finished second to Wiggins in the general classification

Froome was selected for the Sky squad for the Tour de France. After placing 11th in the prologue,[80] he suffered a punctured tyre 9 mi (14.5 km) from the end of stage one and lost over a minute to overall leader Fabian Cancellara (RadioShack–Nissan).[81] On stage three, Froome was involved in a crash on the hill-top finish in Boulogne-sur-Mer, and was sent flying into safety barriers, but was unharmed and was given the same finishing time as the winner, Peter Sagan of Liquigas–Cannondale.[82] On stage seven finishing atop the Category 1 climb to La Planche des Belles Filles, he protected his leader Wiggins and was part of a small group that came in sight of the finish line. Cadel Evans (BMC Racing Team) attacked, Froome jumped on his wheel and won the stage with an advantage of two seconds over his leader and Evans. Froome took the lead in the mountains classification.[83] With that operation, he took the polka dot jersey, but lost it to Fredrik Kessiakoff of Astana the very next day.[84] Froome finished second to Wiggins on stage nine, an individual time trial, and moved up to third overall.[85]

On stage eleven to La Toussuire, Froome attacked the remaining group on the last climb, 4 km (2.5 mi) before the finish line. He subsequently received the order from his team manager to hold back and wait for yellow jersey Wiggins. He finished third on the stage.[86] For his efforts in assisting Wiggins, Froome was lauded in the media as a super-domestique.[87][failed verification] On stage seventeen, Froome and Wiggins finished second and third respectively on the final mountain stage to further cement their general classification positions,[88] although Froome repeatedly waited for Wiggins on the final climb, costing him the chance of winning the stage.[89] On stage nineteen, a time trial, Froome finished second to Wiggins, mirroring the overall standings.[90] Wiggins went on to win the tour with Froome second, becoming the first two British riders to make the podium of the Tour de France in its 109-year history.[91]

 
Froome during the time trial at the 2012 Olympics, finishing the race with the bronze medal

Froome, along with Sky teammates Wiggins, Cavendish and Ian Stannard, as well as Millar (Garmin–Sharp) were selected for Team GB's road race at the Olympic Games.[92] Froome and Wiggins also contested in the time trial.[93] Froome won bronze in the time trial, with teammate Wiggins taking gold.[94] Froome was selected as Team Sky's leader for the Vuelta a España, where he aimed to go one better than 2011 and win his first Grand Tour.[95] He lay third after the first mountain finish on stage three,[96] and moved up to second on stage four after leader Alejandro Valverde crashed, losing 55 seconds to the chasing group.[97] Froome moved down to third during the stage-eleven time trial sixteen seconds off leader Rodriguez.[98] He lost another twenty-three seconds on stage twelve, putting him 51 seconds down.[99] He struggled through the rest of the second half of the race. He ended up fourth overall, finishing over ten minutes behind the race winner, Alberto Contador (Saxo Bank–Tinkoff Bank).[100]

2013: First Tour de France victory

Froome's 2013 season began at the Tour of Oman, where he took the race lead on stage four, finishing second to Rodríguez on the summit finish of Jebel Akhdar.[2] Froome then won the following stage to extend his lead, out-sprinting Contador and Rodríguez.[101] He finished the race taking the overall classification, his first stage race win of his career, 27 seconds ahead of Contador, with Cadel Evans twelve seconds further back. He also won the points classification.[102]

Froome then led Team Sky at the Tirreno–Adriatico in March, where he won the fourth stage after countering an attack by Contador, Astana rider Nibali and Vini Fantini–Selle Italia's Mauro Santambrogio on the final climb to Prati di Tivo.[103] Froome lost time on eventual winner Nibali on the penultimate stage, finishing the race in second place.[104]

Froome returned to action, and to the top step of the rostrum, in the Critérium International. After finishing fourth in the short second-stage time trial, he passed teammate Richie Porte to win the third and final stage. In so doing, he overtook Porte in the general classification.[105]

 
Froome in the leader's jersey on stage five's individual time trial at the 2013 Tour de Romandie

In late April, Froome won the 7.5 km (4.7 mi) prologue of the Tour de Romandie in Le Châble, Switzerland, taking the leader's jersey, with a six-second gap over Andrew Talansky of Garmin–Sharp.[106] He remained in the yellow leader's jersey throughout the entire race, increasing his advantage over his rivals to almost a minute with a strong performance in the penultimate queen stage. Near the end of that stage, after losing his support riders in the peloton, Froome gave solo chase to breakaway Team Katusha rider Simon Špilak and after catching him, worked with the Slovenian to maintain and extend their lead on the peloton and improve their general classification standings. Špilak won the stage, which catapulted him into second place in the overall, with Froome on his wheel in second.[107][108] In the final individual time trial stage Froome took third place, increasing his lead and winning his third race of the season.[109]

Froome's final warm up race before the Tour de France, for which he was favourite, was the Critérium du Dauphiné at the beginning of June.[110] He sat second overall behind Garmin–Sharp's Rohan Dennis after coming third in the time trial on stage four.[111] Froome won stage five after countering a late attack by Contador, to take the race lead by 52 seconds over teammate Porte.[112] Froome helped Porte solidify his second place on stage seven,[113] and on stage eight the pair rode away from their rivals on the final climb, with only Talansky (Garmin–Sharp) able to follow. Froome took second on the stage behind Alessandro De Marchi of Cannondale, who had attacked earlier, to secure overall victory, with Porte completing a one-two, 58 seconds back. This was Froome's fourth major stage race victory of the season, out of the five he had entered.[114][115]

Froome's Tour de France got off to a nervy start as he crashed in the neutral zone of the first stage on the isle of Corsica, but he was unharmed. Also, he avoided going down in the large crash towards the end of the stage.[116] After staying out of trouble for the rest of the first week, Froome won stage eight, the first mountain stage of the race, finishing on Ax 3 Domaines, by launching an attack after teammates Peter Kennaugh and Porte had brought back an earlier attack by Movistar Team's Nairo Quintana, and distanced most of Froome's rivals. Froome's winning margin on the stage was 51 seconds over Porte, and 85 seconds to Valverde (Movistar Team) in third. This gave Froome the overall lead in the Tour for the first time and the lead in the mountains classification.[117][118] On the following stage, however, Froome was left isolated as no teammates were able to follow repeated attacks early in the stage by Garmin–Sharp, Movistar Team and Saxo–Tinkoff riders. Despite being without any team support for most of the stage, Froome was able to defend his lead by following several attacks by Quintana and Valverde.[119] Froome then finished second in the individual time trial on the twelfth stage, twelve seconds behind Tony Martin, to put further time into all of his rivals.[120] However, on stage thirteen Saxo-Tinkoff caused a split in the peloton due to strong crosswinds, which Froome missed. Saxo–Tinkoff's Contador and Roman Kreuziger, and Laurens ten Dam and Bauke Mollema of Belkin Pro Cycling all made the selection and took 69 seconds out of Froome's lead, although Valverde lost over ten minutes and slipped out of contention.[121]

 
Froome beat Nairo Quintana to win stage 15 of the 2013 Tour de France.

Froome won stage fifteen, which finished on Mont Ventoux. Kennaugh and Porte dropped all of the leading contenders except Contador on the early part of the climb, before Froome surged clear of Contador with 7 km (4.3 mi) remaining and caught Quintana, who had attacked earlier in the climb. The pair worked together to put time into their rivals, before Froome dropped Quintana with 1.2 km (0.7 mi) remaining and soloed to the finish. This gave Froome a lead of four minutes and fourteen seconds over Mollema in second place, with Contador a further eleven seconds back. Froome also regained the lead in the mountains classification.[122][123] He won the stage seventeen time trial, finishing the 32 km (20 mi) course from Embrun to Chorges in 51 minutes 33 seconds, with Contador coming in nine seconds behind him, in second place.[124] Froome defended his lead during the Alpine stages, extending his overall lead as Mollema and Contador dropped back.[125]

Froome won the general classification on 21 July with a final time of 83 hours, 56 minutes and 40 seconds; he was 4 minutes and 20 seconds ahead of second-placed Quintana. He was also King of the Mountains for six stages; however, he ultimately finished second to Quintana in that classification.[126] Froome's overall win and stage victories in the Tour win put him at the top of the UCI World Tour ranking, with 587, ahead of Sagan on 409.[127] Partly because[according to whom?] the 2013 Tour was the first since Lance Armstrong's admission of doping, such questions were asked of Froome. He insisted that he and his team were clean and stated that the questioning saddened him.[128] Froome was drug tested during the Tour[126] and Team Sky principal Dave Brailsford offered the World Anti-Doping Agency all performance data they had on Froome as evidence.[129]

In October Froome was named winner of the prestigious Vélo d'Or award for the best rider of the year.[130]

2014: Defending champion

 
Froome wearing the leader's jersey on stage six of the 2014 Critérium du Dauphiné

As defending champion for the first time, Froome started his 2014 season by again winning the Tour of Oman.[131] After some minor illnesses and back problems, which meant he missed Tirreno–Adriatico,[132] his next stage race was the Tour de Romandie, again as defending champion, which he won by 28 seconds ahead of Špilak, with the two riders placing first and second in that race for the second consecutive year.[133] He also won the final stage of the race, an 18.5 km (11.5 mi) individual time trial, finishing a second faster than three-time time trial world champion Martin. To celebrate the Tour de France moving from Britain to France in July, Froome rode a bicycle through the Channel Tunnel, becoming the first solo rider to do so and one of few cyclists ever to have made the journey. The Crossing took under an hour at a top speed of 65 km/h.[134]

Froome crashed out on the fifth stage of the Tour de France after falling three times over two days, putting an end to his defence of his Tour de France crown.[135] He came back in time to duel with Alberto Contador on the Vuelta a España. He lost time on the first individual time trial.[136] Before the last stage, a short (10 km) flat time trial, Froome was in second place with a deficit of 97 seconds on the Spaniard.[137] He finally finished second.[138] He was also awarded the overall combativity award.

2015: Second Tour de France victory

Following his 2013 and 2014 early-season victories in the Tour of Oman, Froome decided to begin his 2015 racing season in February at the Ruta del Sol in Spain. He was joined there by Contador, both riders competing in this race for the first time.

Having lost eight seconds to Contador in the first day's individual time trial,[139] Froome ceded even more time to him on the third stage, when the Spaniard broke away from the peloton during the uphill finish to win the stage. Now 27 seconds behind Contador, with only one mountain stage remaining, Froome seemed likely to end up second.[140] But on the penultimate fourth stage, which had a steep uphill finish, Team Sky worked hard and dropped all of Contador's Tinkoff-Saxo teammates as the leaders reached the final climb. After some punchy moves by his support riders, Froome began a solo attack. For a short time Contador was able to follow, but he soon fell away. Froome won the stage and was able to open a 29-second gap on second-place Contador by the finish line, enough to overcome his deficit and take the overall race lead by two seconds.[141] The final fifth stage was relatively flat, with no likely chance for Contador to make up his deficit, allowing Froome to collect his first stage race victory since May 2014.[142][143] This was the third year in a row that Froome won his season opener stage race.[143]

For the second year in a row, Froome did not start Tirreno–Adriatico, due to a chest infection.[132] He participated in the La Flèche Wallonne but crashed badly, remounted and finished 123rd, at 12:19.[144] He later participated in the Tour de Romandie in hopes of winning it for the third year in a row, but had to settle for third place in the general classification after winner Ilnur Zakarin and second-place Simon Špilak, both of Team Katusha.[145]

In June, he was in full preparation for the Tour de France as he participated to the Critérium du Dauphiné. He won stage seven, the queen stage, thanks to two consecutive attacks on the last climb of the day, one to shed the leading group and another one to get rid of Tejay van Garderen, who had resisted the first one.[146] On the stage, he repeated the exploit of winning solo while putting enough time into van Garderen to win the overall classification as well.[147]

 
Froome wearing the yellow jersey during stage thirteen of the 2015 Tour de France

Froome entered the Tour de France as one of the favourites for the overall win. After a strong performance on the Mur de Huy Froome took over the race lead by one second from Tony Martin,[148] although he subsequently lost the jersey to Martin on stage four to Cambrai.[149] Following Martin's retirement from the race with a broken collar bone sustained in a crash near the end of stage six[150] Froome was promoted to race leader, but declined to wear the yellow jersey during stage seven.[151]

During the evening of the first rest day of the Tour, it emerged that the team had had some of Froome's data files hacked and released onto the internet.[152]

As the Tour entered the second week of racing stage ten saw the first mountains stage, the summit finish of La Pierre Saint-Martin, where Froome would go on to take the stage win, putting significant time into his general classification rivals.[153] During the remainder of the race the team faced intense scrutiny regarding their dominant performances; Porte was punched in the ribs by a spectator in the Pyrenees,[154] and Froome claimed he had urine thrown at him by another spectator, who Froome described as 'clearly French',[155] and levelled his blame for the poor spectator behaviour on the press for 'irresponsible journalism'.[156] Team Sky then released some of Froome's power data from stage ten in an attempt to calm claims of blood or mechanical doping.[157][158]

Froome maintained his lead during the final week's Alpine mountain stages, although he lost 32 seconds to Quintana, who had emerged as his principal rival, on the penultimate mountain stage to La Toussuire, and another 86 seconds on the final summit finish on Alpe d'Huez, giving him a lead of 72 seconds over Quintana in the general classification. In addition to winning the race overall he clinched the mountains classification.[159][160]

In August, Froome confirmed that he would follow up his Tour win by riding in the Vuelta a España.[161][162] Froome lost time on his rivals on the first summit finishes, though he gained back some time on the summit finish of stage nine.[163] Stage eleven was a mountainous stage in Andorra that Froome had described as "the toughest Grand Tour stage I’ve ever done".[164] He crashed into a wooden barrier on the approach to the first climb of the day; he continued to the end of the stage, though he lost significant time on all his rivals. The following morning, an MRI scan revealed that he had broken his foot in the crash and he withdrew from the Vuelta.[165]

Froome was appointed as an Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) in the 2016 New Year Honours for services to cycling.[1]

2016: Third Tour de France victory

 
Froome on Stage 18 of the 2016 Tour de France

Before the 2016 season, Froome announced that he would attempt to win the Tour, as well as the time trial and road race at the Olympics.[166] Froome started the season early, competing in the 2016 Herald Sun Tour in Australia (a race in which he had finished fourth in 2008). The Herald Sun Tour consisted of a short individual time trial prologue, followed by four stages. On the last stage, which culminated in a triple climb of Arthurs Seat and a summit finish, Froome broke away in a solo attack on the third and final ascent, and opened up a sufficient gap on the field to secure his first 2016 victory, along with the King of the Mountains award.[167]

Froome's next racing appearance was at the Volta a Catalunya in late March, where he finished eighth overall.[168] He subsequently competed at the Tour de Romandie, which brought mixed results. On the second stage, he punctured on a climb 20 km from the end and finished 17 minutes down on stage winner and new race leader Nairo Quintana.[169] However, on stage four, the queen stage, he and Tejay van Garderen attacked from the bunch to join the day's original breakaway; the pair then rode away on the final climb, and Froome distanced van Garderen with 7.4 km to go, holding on to win the stage with a four-second lead over the leader's group.[170]

In June, as preparation for the Tour de France, he took part in the Critérium du Dauphiné, which he won by 12 seconds over Romain Bardet of AG2R La Mondiale. This was Froome's third victory at the Dauphiné over the last four years.[171]

On Stage 8 of the 2016 Tour de France, Froome attacked on the descent of the Col de Peyresourde and held off the leading group of GC contenders to take a solo victory in Bagnères-de-Luchon. By doing so, Froome took the Yellow Jersey, leading the race by 16 seconds over Adam Yates (Orica–BikeExchange).[172] Following the stage, Froome received a fine of 200 Swiss Francs for elbowing a spectator in the face who had run alongside him during the ascent of the Col de Peyresourde.[173] He further surprised his rivals on stage 11 to Montpellier when he finished second in a sprint to Peter Sagan, after being part of a 4-man break in the final 12 kilometers after the peloton split due to crosswinds.[174] On Stage 12, on the ascent up Mont Ventoux, Froome collided with Richie Porte and Bauke Mollema and a motorbike after spectators on the road forced the motorbike to stop. Porte and Mollema continued riding, while Froome ditched his bike and continued on foot until receiving a replacement bike from his team car. He finished the race 1 minute and 40 seconds behind Mollema, but was awarded the same time as Mollema after a jury decision, and retained the yellow jersey.[175] He followed with good results in both of the individual time trials with a second-place finish on stage 13 and winning stage 18. Froome went on to claim his third Tour de France victory on 24 July 2016 and became Britain's first-ever three-time winner of the race.[176]

He followed his Tour win with a bronze medal at the 2016 Rio Olympics, during the Men's Time Trial event,[177] repeating his bronze medal success from London 2012.[178]

After the Olympics, he was named in the start list for the 2016 Vuelta a España, during which he helped the team win the opening team time trial and later won stage 11 on Peña Cabarga, the site of his first Grand Tour stage victory in 2011.[179] He lost over 2+1⁄2 minutes on stage 15 when rivals Nairo Quintana and Alberto Contador attacked together from kilometre 10 and blew the race apart, isolating him from his teammates.[180] However, Froome gained back time lost in a victory on the stage 19 individual time trial to Calp. He finished the Vuelta in second overall, 1:23 back of race winner Quintana.[181]

2017: Completing the Tour-Vuelta double

 
Froome at the 2017 Tour de France

Froome won his fourth Tour de France title on 23 July 2017. He beat Rigoberto Urán by 54 seconds. Although Froome never won a stage during the 2017 Tour or any prior race during that calendar year, he was victorious thanks to his exceptional time trialing abilities showcased on the Grand Depart in Düsseldorf and on stage 20 in Marseille.[182]

 
Froome on the podium in Madrid after winning the 2017 Vuelta a España

On 19 August, Froome started the Vuelta a España aiming to win it having finished 2nd on three occasions previously and had gone in as the overwhelming favourite.[183] On stage 3 Froome attacked up the final climb with only Esteban Chaves able to follow him. However, they were pegged back on the descent and Vincenzo Nibali won the stage in the reduced sprint. Froome finished 3rd and the bonus seconds at the line plus those he picked up at the intermediate sprint were enough to see him take the red jersey for the first time since 2011.[184] He went on to win stage 9 at Cumbre del Sol (the same finish where he lost to Dumoulin in 2015), also taking the lead in the points classification in the process. Despite a crash on stage 12, he recaptured the lead in the points classification with a 5th-place finish on stage 15 to Sierra Nevada and won the stage 16 individual time trial at Logroño, also taking the stage's combativity prize. A third-place finish on the Alto de l'Angliru cemented the red jersey as well as the combination classification, and on the final sprint stage at Madrid, held on to win the points classification by 2 points over Matteo Trentin. With the victory, Froome became the first British rider to win the Vuelta, and the third man to successfully complete the Tour-Vuelta double in the same year joining Jacques Anquetil and Bernard Hinault. He then competed at the 2017 UCI Road World Championships in Bergen only about a week after his Vuelta victory and won two bronze medals: one in the men's team time trial with Team Sky, the other in the men's individual time trial for Great Britain.[185][186] On 17 October 2017, he won his third Vélo d'Or award as the best rider of the 2017 season.[187]

Excessive level of an asthma drug at Vuelta

On 13 December 2017, the UCI announced that Froome had returned an "Adverse Analytical Finding" (AAF) for almost twice his allowed dose of salbutamol, an asthma medication. Both the A and B samples revealed urinary salbutamol concentration in excess of the 1000–1200 ng/mL threshold of "therapeutic use".[188] The threshold for salbutamol is 1000 ng/mL and the decision limit, taking into account measurement uncertainty, is 1200 ng/mL.[189] The test was taken after stage 18 of the Vuelta a España. In a statement, Froome commented: "My asthma got worse at the Vuelta so I followed the team doctor's advice to increase my salbutamol dosage. As always, I took the greatest care to ensure that I did not use more than the permissible dose."[190] Under new WADA rules, compensation has been made for urine concentration and dehydration, under which Froome's level has been lowered to 1,429 ng/mL rather than 2,000 ng/mL.[191] Subsequently, Froome took much of the off-season contacting experts and reading reports on the situation.[192]

Following the leaking of test results to The Guardian and Le Monde newspapers,[193] the newspaper article stated that ' [this] ...threatens to damage his reputation as one of Britain's most successful athletes.' His team were asked to explain the high levels of the drug revealed in the test, and if not adequately explained it would have resulted in a ban from the sport.

His case has been widely criticised by fellow cyclists and in January 2018 UCI president David Lappartient recommended that he was suspended by Team Sky until his case was resolved.[194] In February 2018 Dave Brailsford defended Froome saying "For me, there's no question, he's done nothing wrong – no question, no question, no question." He went on to say that he believed Froome was innocent and that he felt the case shouldn't have been made public.[195]

On 2 July 2018, the UCI officially closed the investigation into Froome, stating that the rider had supplied sufficient evidence to suggest that "Mr Froome's sample results do not constitute an AAF".[196]

2018: Winning the Giro

On 29 November 2017, Froome announced that he intended to participate in the 2018 Giro d'Italia in an attempt to complete the Giro-Tour double, marking his first start in the race since 2010. A win would make him the seventh rider to win all three Grand Tours, and the third rider to hold all three Grand Tour titles simultaneously in a single 12-month period.[197]

On 5 February 2018, Froome announced he would start his season with an entry into the Vuelta a Andalucía (Ruta del Sol),[198] despite calls for him not to race until his case was resolved. However, there were also signs of support for Froome, with Ruta del Sol organiser Joaquín Cuevas claiming it to be "a pleasure and an honour" to have Froome in the race,[199] and Mauro Vegni, the organiser of the Giro d'Italia, commenting that 'If he [Froome] wins the pink jersey, he'll always be the winner for me'.[200] Cyclingnews.com also reported that Froome would be likely to compete in two Italian pre-Giro stage races: Tirreno–Adriatico and the Tour of the Alps.[201]

 
Froome (right) on the Colle delle Finestre on Stage 19 of the 2018 Giro d'Italia shortly before his decisive solo attack.

Froome entered the 2018 Giro d'Italia as one of the favourites to take the overall victory in Rome at the end of May. Once at the start of the Giro d'Italia, he was he would be cleared of his offences.[192] However, before the race could even begin Froome crashed whilst performing a recon of the opening time trial in Jerusalem.[202][203] Froome finished the time trial in 21st place, ceding 35 seconds to overall rival Tom Dumoulin. After the race, Team Sky directeur sportif Nicolas Portal admitted that the injury Froome sustained in the crash was worse that they had stated at the time, and Brailsford said that the crash was a setback to Froome's physical condition, which the team felt was below the required level at the start of the Giro.[204] By the end of the first summit finish on Mount Etna, Froome had risen to eighth overall, one minute and 10 seconds behind early race leader Simon Yates.[205] On stage 8, Froome fell on his injured side when his rear wheel slid on a wet climb.[204] By the end of stage 9 to Gran Sasso d'Italia, Froome had lost a further one minute and 17 seconds to Yates, dropping to 11th overall. Stage 10 could have also proven ominous when afterwards he admitted to feeling pain and an imbalance between his legs; and was glad to maintain his position.[192] Froome's first signs of recovery came through on the most difficult climb of the race to that point, Monte Zoncolan, where he distanced all of his main overall rivals, taking the stage win. Froome's deficit to the maglia rosa was now 3' 10".[206] However, on the final climb of the following stage to Sappada Froome cracked, yielding more than a minute to the other main general classification contenders. Overall, Froome lay 4'52" from Yates, the leader, 2'41" from Dumoulin, 2'24" from Domenico Pozzovivo and 2'15" from Thibaut Pinot.[207]

Froome's fortune began to change as the race entered the third week, with a strong performance in the 34 km, Stage 16 time trial – from Trento to Rovereto – finishing fifth on the stage, rising to fourth overall and moving to within four minutes of Yates.[208] On stage 18 to Prato Nevoso Yates displayed the initial signs of weakness, cracking on the final slopes of the summit finishes and losing 28 seconds to all of his other general classification rivals.[209]

Stage 19 of the race had been classified as the 'queen stage' of the race, with three focused climbs in the latter half of the stage. These included the half paved-half gravel climb of the Colle delle Finestre, followed by the climb to Sestriere and the final uphill finish to Bardonecchia. Team Sky's management decided that Finestre would be the ideal place to put pressure on Yates: if a team rode hard on the front, its 27 hairpin turns would create a concertina effect in the peloton, making it difficult for riders behind to follow, and forcing teams to shed their domestiques. Froome then planned to attack Dumoulin on the 8 km gravel section at the top of the climb. To ensure that Froome would be able to obtain the nutrition necessary to sustain such a long-range attack, the team commandeered all its staff at the race to ensure there were feeding stations every ten minutes up the Finestre. On the stage itself, the early breakaway, which included Froome's teammates Sergio Henao and David de la Cruz, was closed down by Yates's Mitchelton–Scott team just before the Finestre.[210] Sky's climbing train set an extremely high tempo at the beginning of the climb:[204] with Yates in difficulty on its lower slopes. With 80 km left of the stage, Froome launched a solo attack. Froome's advantage grew throughout the second half of the stage, culminating in him taking the stage honours. Importantly, a stage victory of more than three minutes which included picking up three bonus seconds at the second intermediate sprint in Pragelato resulted in Froome taking the overall race lead, 40 seconds ahead of the 2017 Giro d'Italia victor, Tom Dumoulin.[211] Taking the maximum number of points on all three of the remaining climbs on the stage (Finestre, Sestriere and the Jafferau), Froome also moved into the lead in the mountains classification. His solo attack was likened to famous historical performances such as Fausto Coppi to Pinerolo in 1949, Claudio Chiappucci to Sestriere in 1992, Marco Pantani on the Galibier in 1998, Floyd Landis's long-range attack to Morzine, and Michael Rasmussen to Tignes in 2007.[212] Froome held on to the maglia rosa on the final 'true' day of racing for the GC, neutralizing several attacks by Dumoulin in the final kilometers before launching a counter-attack of his own, putting an additional 6 seconds into his rival at the finish line at Breuil-Cervinia.

Froome took victory in the 2018 Giro d'Italia making him the first British rider to win the overall title, the first rider since 1983 to hold all three Grand Tour titles simultaneously, as well as becoming the seventh man to have completed the career Grand Tour grand slam.[213] He then went into the 2018 Tour de France as one of the main favorites for victory despite the mostly negative reactions from some fans.[214] Crashing twice on stages 1 and 9 as well as looking vulnerable on several other stages, Froome then shifted his focus on helping his friend and longtime teammate Geraint Thomas. Thanks to his performance in the penultimate day time trial to Espelette, Froome finished third overall behind Thomas.

Despite being defending champion of the Vuelta, Froome decided to skip the 2018 edition having ridden four consecutive Grand Tours.[citation needed] He instead rode the 2018 Tour of Britain. It was the last race of his 2018 season, electing to skip the World Championships in Austria citing physical as well as mental fatigue to be the main reasons behind his decision.[215]

2019: Crash and recovery

On 1 January 2019, Froome announced that he would not be defending his title at the Giro d'Italia, instead focusing on the 2019 Tour de France with the aim of winning the race for the fifth time.[216] He started his season at Tour Colombia in February, and also rode the Volta a Catalunya in support of Egan Bernal. He completed the Tour of the Alps and the Tour de Yorkshire prior to returning to the Critérium du Dauphiné.[217][218]

On 12 June 2019, Froome was hospitalised with a fractured right femur, a fractured elbow, and fractured ribs, after a high-speed crash into a wall while training for the 4th stage of the Critérium du Dauphiné.[219][220] The incident ruled out his participation in the 2019 Tour de France.[221] He spoke for the first time on 3 August 2019 in an interview about the incident and the recovery process.[222] On 10 September 2019, almost 3 months into his recovery, Froome was confirmed to participate in the 7th edition of the Saitama Criterium,[223] and on 29 September 2019 posted to social media that he was back training on the road.[224]

2020: Back on the road; leaving Team Ineos

In his first official team interview posted on 17 January 2020, Froome confirmed that he had been given the green light to begin full training following the rehab stage of his recovery and participated in a training camp with several teammates in Gran Canaria, citing his big focus as getting to the 2020 Tour de France with the ambition of getting his fifth overall victory.[225] On 22 January, it was announced that Froome's first race back would be the UAE Tour at the end of February, rejoining the peloton for the first time since his accident.[226]

On 9 July 2020, it was announced that Froome's contract with Team Ineos would not be extended beyond the end of the 2020 season,[6] having been with the team since its formation in 2010. Later that day, Froome signed a "long-term" contract with Israel Start-Up Nation from the 2021 season.[227][228]

Following the end of the lockdown, Froome completed the Route d'Occitanie, the Tour de l'Ain and the Critérium du Dauphiné. On 19 August 2020, it was announced that he would not be part of the team for the Tour de France, but would instead be the team's designated leader at the Vuelta a España, which would eventually be his final race with Ineos.[229]

2021: A new chapter; Israel Start-up Nation

Froome had been training and working on further rehabilitation in southern California in preparation for the 2021 season. On 17 December 2020, it was announced that he would make his Israel Start-Up Nation debut at the Vuelta a San Juan in Argentina starting on 24 January.[230] However, with the cancellation of the race due to the COVID-19 pandemic in Argentina, it was later announced that he would open the season at the UAE Tour starting on 21 February.[231] Froome was selected for the Tour de France, his first appearance at the race since 2018, but Israel Start-Up Nation named Michael Woods as team leader.[232] Froome's compatriot Mark Cavendish, who won the points classification, insisted Froome was not to be written off, citing his own comeback testimony as example.[233] Froome sustained injuries on the opening stage but continued on, eventually completing the race in 133rd overall.[234]

2022: Israel-Premier Tech

Froome made his 2022 debut at the Settimana Internazionale di Coppi e Bartali after a knee tendon inflammation.[235] At the end of May, while riding the 2022 Mercan'Tour Classic Alpes-Maritimes, Froome managed his best result since his crash at the 2019 Critérium du Dauphiné, when he finished 11th in the mountain race.[236][237] On stage 12 of the 2022 Tour de France, which was a high mountain stage that finished atop Alpe d'Huez, he bridged up to the breakaway with Tom Pidcock about halfway through the stage,[238] and finished top three of a Tour de France stage for the first time since the 2018 edition. He signed in at the podium on stage 18, but did not start because a second Covid test came back positive. At the time he was on pace to finish about 100 places higher than he finished the previous year.

Personal life

Froome met Michelle Cound, a South African of Welsh origin, through South African rider Daryl Impey in 2009. Froome and Cound moved to Monaco together in 2011 and got engaged in March 2013.[239][240] The couple married in November 2014,[241] and on 14 December 2015 had their first child, a son.[242] Froome dedicated his 2013 Tour de France win to his mother, who died of cancer five weeks before his Tour debut in 2008.[43][126] His second child, a daughter, was born on 1 August 2018.[243]

Froome was appointed officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) in the 2016 New Year Honours for services to cycling.

Physiology

Since winning his first Tour de France title in 2013, doubts over Froome's performances were raised by various experts, including former Festina coach Antoine Vayer. These allegations were based mainly on his sudden transformation from a relatively unknown rider to a Grand Tour winner, following his breakthrough performance in the 2011 Vuelta. After his dominant showing in the first mountain stage of the 2015 Tour, the suspicions increased even further.

In an attempt to answer these questions, Froome promised to undergo independent physiological testing soon after finishing the Tour. The test, arranged by Froome himself, took place shortly before the start of the Vuelta, on 17 August 2015, in the GlaxoSmithKline Human Performance lab in London. Several tests were carried to determine his maximum sustainable power for 20–40 minutes (threshold power), level of maximum oxygen consumption (VO2 max) and his peak power. Froome's peak power was measured at 525 W; his peak 20–40-minute power, at 419 W, corresponds to 79.8 percent of the maximum. Given his weight of 69.9 kg (154 lb) (of which 9.8% was body fat) at the time of test, this corresponds to figures of 7.51 and 5.98 W/kg respectively. His maximum oxygen uptake was measured at 84.6 ml/kg/min. At the time, he was reportedly almost 3 kg (6.6 lb) heavier compared to his Tour weight of 67 kg (148 lb). Using this number, the VO2 max figure would translate to approximately 88.2 ml/kg/min.

Froome also released results from a previous test, carried out in 2007 while being part of the UCI development programme. The 2007 test measured his peak power at 540 W, the threshold power at 420 W and the maximum oxygen uptake of 80.2 ml/kg/min, at a weight of 75.6 kg (167 lb).[244]

Career achievements

Major results

Source:[245][246]

2005
1st Stage 2 Tour of Mauritius
2006
1st   Overall Tour of Mauritius
1st Stages 2 & 3
2nd Anatomic Jock Race
2007
1st   Overall Mi-Août en Bretagne
1st Stage 5 Giro delle Regioni
1st Stage 6 Tour of Japan
2nd Berg en Dale Classic
2nd   Time trial, UCI B World Championships
3rd Road race, All-Africa Games
8th Tour du Doubs
2008
2nd Overall Giro del Capo
3rd Giro dell'Appennino
4th Overall Herald Sun Tour
6th Overall Volta ao Distrito de Santarém
2009
1st Stage 2 Giro del Capo
1st Anatomic Jock Race
4th Road race, National Road Championships
9th Gran Premio Nobili Rubinetterie
2010
2nd Time trial, National Road Championships
5th Time trial, Commonwealth Games
9th Overall Tour du Haut Var
2011
1st   Overall Vuelta a España
1st   Combination classification
1st Stage 17
3rd Overall Tour of Beijing
2012
2nd Overall Tour de France
1st Stage 7
Held   after Stage 7
3rd   Time trial, Olympic Games
4th Overall Vuelta a España
4th Overall Critérium du Dauphiné
7th UCI World Tour
2013
1st   Overall Tour de France
1st Stages 8, 15 & 17 (ITT)
Held   after Stages 8 & 15–19
1st   Overall Tour de Romandie
1st Prologue
1st   Overall Critérium du Dauphiné
1st Stage 5
1st   Overall Tour of Oman
1st   Points classification
1st Stage 5
1st   Overall Critérium International
1st Stage 3
2nd Overall Tirreno–Adriatico
1st Stage 4
2nd UCI World Tour
3rd   Team time trial, UCI Road World Championships
2014
1st   Overall Tour de Romandie
1st Stage 5 (ITT)
1st   Overall Tour of Oman
1st Stage 5
Critérium du Dauphiné
1st   Points classification
1st Stages 1 (ITT) & 2
2nd Overall Vuelta a España
  Combativity award Overall
6th Overall Volta a Catalunya
7th UCI World Tour
2015
1st   Overall Tour de France
1st   Mountains classification
1st Stage 10
1st   Overall Critérium du Dauphiné
1st Stages 7 & 8
1st   Overall Vuelta a Andalucía
1st   Points classification
1st Stage 4
3rd Overall Tour de Romandie
1st Stage 1 (TTT)
6th UCI World Tour
2016
1st   Overall Tour de France
1st Stages 8 & 18 (ITT)
1st   Overall Critérium du Dauphiné
1st Stage 5
1st   Overall Herald Sun Tour
1st   Mountains classification
1st Stage 4
1st Stage 4 Tour de Romandie
2nd Overall Vuelta a España
1st Stages 1 (TTT), 11 & 19 (ITT)
  Combativity award Stage 19
3rd   Time trial, Olympic Games
3rd UCI World Tour
8th Overall Volta a Catalunya
2017
1st   Overall Tour de France
1st   Overall Vuelta a España
1st   Points classification
1st   Combination classification
1st Stages 9 & 16 (ITT)
  Combativity award Stage 16
2nd UCI World Tour
UCI Road World Championships
3rd   Time trial
3rd   Team time trial
4th Overall Critérium du Dauphiné
6th Overall Herald Sun Tour
2018
1st   Overall Giro d'Italia
1st   Mountains classification
1st Stages 14 & 19
3rd Overall Tour de France
4th Overall Tour of the Alps
9th UCI World Tour
10th Overall Vuelta a Andalucía

General classification results timeline

Grand Tour general classification results timeline[50][245]
Grand Tour 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022
  Giro d'Italia — 36 DSQ — — — — — — — 1 — — — —
  Tour de France 83 — — — 2 1 DNF 1 1 1 3 — — 133 DNF
 /  Vuelta a España — — — 1 4 — 2 DNF 2 1 — — 98 — 114
Major stage race general classification results timeline[245]
Race 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022
  Paris–Nice Has not contested during his career
  Tirreno–Adriatico — — — — — 2 — — — — 34 — 91 — —
  Volta a Catalunya — — 71 61 — — 6 71 8 30 — 94 NH 81 —
  Tour of the Basque Country Has not contested during his career
  Tour de Romandie — — DNF 15 123 1 1 3 38 18 — — NH 96 65
  Critérium du Dauphiné — — — — 4 1 12 1 1 4 — DNF 71 47 DNF
  Tour de Suisse — — — 47 — — — — — — — — NH — —

Classics results timeline

Monument 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022
Milan–San Remo Has not contested during his career
Tour of Flanders
Paris–Roubaix DNF — — — — — — — — — — — NH — —
Liège–Bastogne–Liège 84 44 135 — — 36 DNS — 112 — — — DNF — —
Giro di Lombardia — — — — — — — — — — — — — DNF

Major championships results timeline

Event 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022
  Olympic Games Time trial — Not Held 3 Not Held 3 Not Held — NH
Road race — 109 12 —
  World Championships Time trial — 17 — — — — — — — 3 — — — — —
Road race DNF DNF — DNF DNF DNF DNF — — — — — — — —
  National Championships Time trial — — 2 — — — — — — — — — NH — —
Road race — 4 11 DNF — — — — — — — — — —
Legend
— Did not compete
DNF Did not finish
DSQ Disqualified
IP In progress
NH Not held

Awards

See also

References

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  249. ^ "Froome, Cockroft and England women cricketers take SJA prizes – Sports Journalists' Association". www.sportsjournalists.co.uk.

Notes

  1. ^ Ineos took over sponsorship of the team from Sky plc as from 1 May 2019.
  2. ^ Awarded in 2019 following the disqualification of original winner Juan José Cobo
  3. ^ When he won the Vuelta in 2017 he had not yet been awarded his 2011 Vuelta victory

Further reading

External links

 
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  • Chris Froome wins Tour de France

May 20, 2023
chris, froome, christopher, clive, froome, kɹɪs, fɹuːm, born, 1985, kenyan, british, road, racing, cyclist, currently, rides, proteam, israel, premier, tech, seven, grand, tours, four, editions, tour, france, 2013, 2015, 2016, 2017, giro, italia, 2018, vuelta,. Christopher Clive Froome kɹɪs fɹuːm OBE born 20 May 1985 is a Kenyan British road racing cyclist who currently rides for UCI ProTeam Israel Premier Tech 7 8 He has won seven Grand Tours four editions of the Tour de France in 2013 2015 2016 and 2017 one Giro d Italia 2018 and the Vuelta a Espana twice 2011 N 2 and 2017 He has also won several other stage races and the Velo d Or three times Froome has also won two Olympic bronze medals in road time trials in 2012 and 2016 and took bronze in the 2017 World Championships Chris FroomeOBEFroome in 2022Personal informationFull nameChristopher Clive Froome 1 NicknameFroomey 2 Born 1985 05 20 20 May 1985 age 37 Nairobi KenyaHeight1 86 m 6 ft 1 in 3 Weight68 kg 150 lb 10 st 10 lb 4 Team informationCurrent teamIsrael Premier TechDisciplineRoadRoleRiderRider typeClimbing specialistTime trialistAmateur teams Super C Academy Hi Q Super AcademyProfessional teams2007Team Konica Minolta2008 2009Barloworld2010 2020Team Sky 5 6 N 1 2021 Israel Start Up NationMajor winsGrand Tours Tour de FranceGeneral classification 2013 2015 2016 2017 Mountains classification 2015 7 individual stages 2012 2013 2015 2016 dd Giro d ItaliaGeneral classification 2018 Mountains classification 2018 2 individual stages 2018 dd Vuelta a EspanaGeneral classification 2011 2017 Points classification 2017 Combination classification 2011 2017 5 individual stages 2011 2016 2017 1 TTT stage 2016 dd Stage races Criterium du Dauphine 2013 2015 2016 Tour de Romandie 2013 2014 Criterium International 2013 Tour of Oman 2013 2014 Vuelta a Andalucia 2015 Other Velo d Or 2013 2015 2017 Medal record Men s road bicycle racingOlympic GamesRepresenting Great Britain2012 London Time trial2016 Rio de Janeiro Time trialWorld ChampionshipsRepresenting Great Britain2017 Bergen Time trialAll Africa GamesRepresenting Kenya2007 Algiers Road raceTeam SkyWorld Championships2013 Tuscany Team time trial2017 Bergen Team time trialFroome was born in Kenya to British parents and grew up there and in South Africa Since 2011 he has been a resident of Monaco At the age of 22 Froome turned professional with Team Konica Minolta In 2008 he joined the team Barloworld The same year he moved to Italy and started to ride under a British licence In 2010 he moved to Team Sky and quickly became one of the team s key cyclists Froome made his breakthrough as a Grand Tour contender during the 2011 Vuelta a Espana where he finished second overall later promoted to first retrospectively becoming the first British cyclist to win a Grand Tour cycling event At the 2012 Tour de France riding as a super domestique for Bradley Wiggins Froome won stage seven and finished second overall behind Wiggins His first recognised multi stage race win came in 2013 in the Tour of Oman followed by wins in the Criterium International the Tour de Romandie the Criterium du Dauphine and the Tour de France In the 2014 Tour de France he retired after multiple crashes In 2015 he won his second Criterium du Dauphine and his second Tour de France He won a third Tour de France in 2016 and became the first man since Miguel Indurain in 1995 to successfully defend his title He won his fourth Tour de France in 2017 followed by successive wins at the 2017 Vuelta a Espana and the 2018 Giro d Italia his first victories in both races N 3 These achievements made him the first cyclist to win the Tour Vuelta double since the Vuelta was moved to September the first rider to achieve any Grand Tour double in nearly a decade and the first to hold all three Grand Tour winners jerseys at the same time since Bernard Hinault in 1983 Throughout his career Froome has faced a series of allegations that he exploited a loophole in cycling s anti doping regulations to use a performance enhancing drug 9 In 2019 a serious training crash before the Criterium du Dauphine halted Froome s career after he broke numerous bones including his pelvis femur and four ribs Although he managed to recover following surgery to return to the peloton in 2020 he struggled to regain his former form He left Ineos Grenadiers at the end of 2020 to join Israel Start Up Nation but his form struggles continued through the 2021 season with Froome failing to contend seriously in stage races since his accident His post accident struggles drew comparisons with former grand tour contender and three time podium winner Joseba Beloki who infamously crashed out of the 2003 Tour de France while in contention for the victory and never recovered his former grand tour form 10 His most notable Grand Tour accomplishment post accident was a 3rd place finish on the Alpe d Huez stage of the 2022 Tour de France Froome was in the top 30 overall on general classification when forced to pull out by illness Despite these struggles Froome remains the most successful general classification rider still active in the peloton as of 2022 Contents 1 Early life and amateur career 2 Professional career 2 1 2007 2010 Early years 2 2 2011 Breakthrough First Grand Tour victory 2 3 2012 Super domestique to team leader 2 4 2013 First Tour de France victory 2 5 2014 Defending champion 2 6 2015 Second Tour de France victory 2 7 2016 Third Tour de France victory 2 8 2017 Completing the Tour Vuelta double 2 8 1 Excessive level of an asthma drug at Vuelta 2 9 2018 Winning the Giro 2 10 2019 Crash and recovery 2 11 2020 Back on the road leaving Team Ineos 2 12 2021 A new chapter Israel Start up Nation 2 13 2022 Israel Premier Tech 3 Personal life 4 Physiology 5 Career achievements 5 1 Major results 5 1 1 General classification results timeline 5 1 2 Classics results timeline 5 1 3 Major championships results timeline 5 2 Awards 6 See also 7 References 8 Notes 9 Further reading 10 External linksEarly life and amateur career EditFroome was born on 20 May 1985 in Nairobi Kenya 11 the youngest of three boys to mother Jane and English father Clive a former field hockey player who represented England at under 19 level 12 His mother s parents had emigrated from Tetbury Gloucestershire England to Kenya to run a crop farm 13 14 15 Whilst living abroad his parents maintained British customs with Sunday roast dinners and Beatles songs which contributed to his desire to represent Great Britain in cycling 16 In Kenya he would sell avocados and discarded bike parts 17 Froome s two older brothers Jonathan and Jeremy went to Rugby School in Warwickshire England 12 When Froome was 13 his mother took him to his first organised bike race a charity race that he won despite being knocked from his bike by his mother There he met professional cyclist David Kinjah who became Froome s mentor and training partner 12 18 19 20 Initially Kinjah misjudged Froome s attitude fearing he lacked the work ethic to keep pace with more experienced riders of the group 17 His mother was upset with his cycling often driving out ahead attempting to drive him back home 17 After finishing primary school at the Banda School in Nairobi 21 Froome moved to South Africa as a 14 year old to attend St Andrew s School a publicly funded school in Bloemfontein 22 and St John s College a boarding independent school in Johannesburg 20 23 24 Froome attended St John s alongside South African born Scott Spedding who went on to a professional rugby union career including playing internationally for France 25 Whilst in South Africa he was the school s cycling captain and kept in contact with Kinjah 17 He then studied economics for two years at the University of Johannesburg 26 27 28 In South Africa Froome started to participate in road cycling On one of his school holidays his home club gifted him with a second hand yellow jersey Being unaware of the Tour de France he failed to see the significance 17 It was not until he was 22 that he turned professional 26 Froome started road racing in South Africa specialising as a climber 29 Froome competed for Kenya in the road time trial and the road race at the 2006 Commonwealth Games in Melbourne where he finished 17th and 25th respectively catching the attention of future Team Sky principal Dave Brailsford The performance he did on the equipment he was on that takes some doing We always thought he was a bit of a diamond in the rough who had a huge potential 30 While representing Kenya at the 2006 Road World Championships in the under 23 category in Salzburg Austria Froome crashed into an official just after the start of the time trial 11 causing both men to fall although neither was injured 31 he finished in 36th place 32 Froome s appearance at the Worlds came about after he impersonated Kenyan cycling federation president Julius Mwangi by using Mwangi s email account to enter himself into the Championships in order to add some European racing experience to his CV and boost his chances of obtaining a contract with a professional team 33 Professional career Edit2007 2010 Early years Edit Froome at the 2007 Tour of Britain during his first season as a professional Froome turned professional in 2007 aged 22 with the South African team Konica Minolta withdrawing from university two years into his degree in economics 34 He competed from April to September in the U23 Nations Cup for the Union Cycliste Internationale s World Cycling Centre WCC team based in Aigle Switzerland 35 In May he rode his first stage race the Giro delle Regioni winning stage five riding for WCC 34 36 In late May he won stage six of the Tour of Japan attacking from a breakaway in the fourteen lap circuit in Shuzenji 37 In June he competed at the B world championships in Cape Town placing second to China s Haijun Ma in the 26 8 kilometre long 16 7 mi time trial 38 39 In July he claimed a bronze medal in the road race at the All Africa Games in Algiers Algeria 40 On 26 September he placed forty first in the under 23 time trial at the world championships in Stuttgart three minutes and thirty seconds behind the gold medalist Lars Boom of the Netherlands 41 His performances in 2007 attracted the attention of British Cycling coach Rod Ellingworth who believed Froome had potential Froome said Although I was riding under the Kenyan flag I made it clear that I had always carried a British passport and felt British It was then we talked about racing under the Union Flag and we stayed in touch 13 Froome on the 2008 Tour de France s final Champs Elysees stage in Paris riding in his first season for Barloworld Froome was introduced to the South African backed second tier UCI Professional Continental team Barloworld by South African Robbie Hunter signing with them for the 2008 season 23 34 In March he finished second overall in the Giro del Capo in South Africa one minute and forty one seconds behind his teammate Christian Pfannberger 42 Over March and April he rode the Criterium International Gent Wevelgem and the Ardennes classics In May 2008 Froome switched from a Kenyan licence to a British licence to have a chance of riding in the 2008 Summer Olympics where Kenya did not qualify 43 He made his Grand Tour debut when he was named in Barloworld s squad for the Tour de France becoming the first participant born in Kenya 43 in which he finished 84th overall and 11th among the young rider classification 44 In October Froome finished fourth overall in the Herald Sun Tour in Victoria Australia 45 Froome claimed his next professional win in March 2009 with the second stage of the Giro del Capo in Durbanville South Africa attacking a ten strong breakaway with 30 km 18 6 mi and finishing four minutes ahead 46 He then participated in the Giro d Italia in which he came 36th overall and seventh young rider classification 47 In July he won a minor one day race Anatomic Jock Race in Barberton South Africa 48 In September 2009 it was announced that he was to join British cycling team Team Sky for the 2010 season 49 Froome rode the 2010 Giro d Italia On stage nineteen he was suffering with a knee injury and on the Mortirolo Pass he was seen holding on to a police motorbike He had been dropped by the gruppetto and intended to reach the feed zone and retire from the race For holding on to the motorbike he was disqualified from the race 50 51 During his first season with Sky his best result was at the Tour du Haut Var where he finished ninth in the overall standings 52 He also finished second at the 2010 national time trial championships 53 In October he represented England at the Commonwealth Games in Delhi coming fifth in the 40 kilometre long 25 mi time trial two minutes and twenty seconds behind the winner Scotland s David Millar 54 2011 Breakthrough First Grand Tour victory Edit The early highlights of Froome s 2011 season were top fifteen finishes in the Vuelta a Castilla y Leon and the Tour de Romandie Froome had a mixed Tour de Suisse riding with the lead group on some mountain stages yet losing time on others and finishing ninth in the final time trial 55 and 47th in the general classification 56 He continued his season at the Brixia Tour where he finished 45th in the general classification and the Tour de Pologne finishing 85th 57 Froome and Juan Jose Cobo on stage 19 of the 2011 Vuelta a Espana Cobo was subsequently disqualified for doping and Froome declared the winner Froome entered the Vuelta a Espana as a last minute replacement for Lars Petter Nordhaug 57 and a domestique for Bradley Wiggins Wiggins gave him credit for his ride in stage nine where he helped Wiggins gain time on his rivals 58 The following day in stage ten however Froome out rode Wiggins to finish second in the time trial behind HTC Highroad s Tony Martin and to take an unexpected lead in the race 59 60 During stage eleven he helped his team neutralise some attacks but soon found himself unable to follow the main group However he managed to hang on to second place in the general classification 61 After losing the jersey to Wiggins on stage eleven Froome continued to ride in support of his leader On stage fourteen he helped to drop rivals including Liquigas Cannondale rider Vincenzo Nibali and Joaquim Rodriguez Team Katusha on the final climb Wiggins credited his lead to Froome in a stage which also saw Froome rise back up to second in the standings 62 On the tough stage fifteen which ended on the Alto de l Angliru stage winner Juan Jose Cobo Geox TMC took the overall lead Froome finished in fourth place forty eight seconds behind Cobo and retained his second place in the overall strandings 63 On stage seventeen Froome attacked Cobo 1 km 0 6 mi from the summit finish but Cobo fought back catching Froome in the final 300 metres only for Froome to attack again to win the stage and arrive one second in front of Cobo 64 As a result of time bonuses Froome reduced Cobo s lead to thirteen seconds Froome was unable to reduce Cobo s lead any further and initially was placed second overall in the Vuelta 65 On 17 July 2019 Froome was declared the winner of the race following the disqualification of Cobo for drug offences 66 The win retroactively made him the first British rider to win a Grand Tour Froome was initially close to being dropped by the team at the end of the season and Sky s team manager Dave Brailsford had been in talks with Team RadioShack s manager Johan Bruyneel offering a trade but Brunyeel had turned down the offer saying I want a cyclist not a donkey 67 68 69 However after watching Froome s strong performance in the Vuelta team manager Dave Brailsford reportedly flew to Spain to offer him a new contract in the middle of the race 67 Five days after the race s finish in Madrid Froome signed a new three year contract with Sky 70 Later that year it was revealed Froome had suffered throughout the year from the parasitic disease schistosomiasis after having picked up the disease during a visit to Kenya in 2010 71 12 72 Brailsford speculated that the disease had affected Froome s earlier career in a negative way 73 The discovery and subsequent treatment of the illness has been used to explain Froome s rapid rise in form during 2011 23 73 He was part of the Great Britain team that helped Mark Cavendish win the world road race championship 74 In October Froome finished third overall in the first edition of the Tour of Beijing 26 seconds behind overall winner Tony Martin 75 2012 Super domestique to team leader Edit The early part of Froome s 2012 season was wrecked by illness He withdrew from the Volta ao Algarve with a severe chest infection and blood tests showed the schistosoma parasites were still in his system 71 76 In March while on a training ride Froome collided with a 72 year old pedestrian 77 He returned to racing in May for the Tour de Romandie where he helped Wiggins win the race overall 78 before participating in a training camp on Teide in Tenerife with several of his teammates 79 Froome riding in support of Bradley Wiggins at the Tour de France where he finished second to Wiggins in the general classification Froome was selected for the Sky squad for the Tour de France After placing 11th in the prologue 80 he suffered a punctured tyre 9 mi 14 5 km from the end of stage one and lost over a minute to overall leader Fabian Cancellara RadioShack Nissan 81 On stage three Froome was involved in a crash on the hill top finish in Boulogne sur Mer and was sent flying into safety barriers but was unharmed and was given the same finishing time as the winner Peter Sagan of Liquigas Cannondale 82 On stage seven finishing atop the Category 1 climb to La Planche des Belles Filles he protected his leader Wiggins and was part of a small group that came in sight of the finish line Cadel Evans BMC Racing Team attacked Froome jumped on his wheel and won the stage with an advantage of two seconds over his leader and Evans Froome took the lead in the mountains classification 83 With that operation he took the polka dot jersey but lost it to Fredrik Kessiakoff of Astana the very next day 84 Froome finished second to Wiggins on stage nine an individual time trial and moved up to third overall 85 On stage eleven to La Toussuire Froome attacked the remaining group on the last climb 4 km 2 5 mi before the finish line He subsequently received the order from his team manager to hold back and wait for yellow jersey Wiggins He finished third on the stage 86 For his efforts in assisting Wiggins Froome was lauded in the media as a super domestique 87 failed verification On stage seventeen Froome and Wiggins finished second and third respectively on the final mountain stage to further cement their general classification positions 88 although Froome repeatedly waited for Wiggins on the final climb costing him the chance of winning the stage 89 On stage nineteen a time trial Froome finished second to Wiggins mirroring the overall standings 90 Wiggins went on to win the tour with Froome second becoming the first two British riders to make the podium of the Tour de France in its 109 year history 91 Froome during the time trial at the 2012 Olympics finishing the race with the bronze medal Froome along with Sky teammates Wiggins Cavendish and Ian Stannard as well as Millar Garmin Sharp were selected for Team GB s road race at the Olympic Games 92 Froome and Wiggins also contested in the time trial 93 Froome won bronze in the time trial with teammate Wiggins taking gold 94 Froome was selected as Team Sky s leader for the Vuelta a Espana where he aimed to go one better than 2011 and win his first Grand Tour 95 He lay third after the first mountain finish on stage three 96 and moved up to second on stage four after leader Alejandro Valverde crashed losing 55 seconds to the chasing group 97 Froome moved down to third during the stage eleven time trial sixteen seconds off leader Rodriguez 98 He lost another twenty three seconds on stage twelve putting him 51 seconds down 99 He struggled through the rest of the second half of the race He ended up fourth overall finishing over ten minutes behind the race winner Alberto Contador Saxo Bank Tinkoff Bank 100 2013 First Tour de France victory Edit Froome s 2013 season began at the Tour of Oman where he took the race lead on stage four finishing second to Rodriguez on the summit finish of Jebel Akhdar 2 Froome then won the following stage to extend his lead out sprinting Contador and Rodriguez 101 He finished the race taking the overall classification his first stage race win of his career 27 seconds ahead of Contador with Cadel Evans twelve seconds further back He also won the points classification 102 Froome then led Team Sky at the Tirreno Adriatico in March where he won the fourth stage after countering an attack by Contador Astana rider Nibali and Vini Fantini Selle Italia s Mauro Santambrogio on the final climb to Prati di Tivo 103 Froome lost time on eventual winner Nibali on the penultimate stage finishing the race in second place 104 Froome returned to action and to the top step of the rostrum in the Criterium International After finishing fourth in the short second stage time trial he passed teammate Richie Porte to win the third and final stage In so doing he overtook Porte in the general classification 105 Froome in the leader s jersey on stage five s individual time trial at the 2013 Tour de Romandie In late April Froome won the 7 5 km 4 7 mi prologue of the Tour de Romandie in Le Chable Switzerland taking the leader s jersey with a six second gap over Andrew Talansky of Garmin Sharp 106 He remained in the yellow leader s jersey throughout the entire race increasing his advantage over his rivals to almost a minute with a strong performance in the penultimate queen stage Near the end of that stage after losing his support riders in the peloton Froome gave solo chase to breakaway Team Katusha rider Simon Spilak and after catching him worked with the Slovenian to maintain and extend their lead on the peloton and improve their general classification standings Spilak won the stage which catapulted him into second place in the overall with Froome on his wheel in second 107 108 In the final individual time trial stage Froome took third place increasing his lead and winning his third race of the season 109 Froome s final warm up race before the Tour de France for which he was favourite was the Criterium du Dauphine at the beginning of June 110 He sat second overall behind Garmin Sharp s Rohan Dennis after coming third in the time trial on stage four 111 Froome won stage five after countering a late attack by Contador to take the race lead by 52 seconds over teammate Porte 112 Froome helped Porte solidify his second place on stage seven 113 and on stage eight the pair rode away from their rivals on the final climb with only Talansky Garmin Sharp able to follow Froome took second on the stage behind Alessandro De Marchi of Cannondale who had attacked earlier to secure overall victory with Porte completing a one two 58 seconds back This was Froome s fourth major stage race victory of the season out of the five he had entered 114 115 Froome s Tour de France got off to a nervy start as he crashed in the neutral zone of the first stage on the isle of Corsica but he was unharmed Also he avoided going down in the large crash towards the end of the stage 116 After staying out of trouble for the rest of the first week Froome won stage eight the first mountain stage of the race finishing on Ax 3 Domaines by launching an attack after teammates Peter Kennaugh and Porte had brought back an earlier attack by Movistar Team s Nairo Quintana and distanced most of Froome s rivals Froome s winning margin on the stage was 51 seconds over Porte and 85 seconds to Valverde Movistar Team in third This gave Froome the overall lead in the Tour for the first time and the lead in the mountains classification 117 118 On the following stage however Froome was left isolated as no teammates were able to follow repeated attacks early in the stage by Garmin Sharp Movistar Team and Saxo Tinkoff riders Despite being without any team support for most of the stage Froome was able to defend his lead by following several attacks by Quintana and Valverde 119 Froome then finished second in the individual time trial on the twelfth stage twelve seconds behind Tony Martin to put further time into all of his rivals 120 However on stage thirteen Saxo Tinkoff caused a split in the peloton due to strong crosswinds which Froome missed Saxo Tinkoff s Contador and Roman Kreuziger and Laurens ten Dam and Bauke Mollema of Belkin Pro Cycling all made the selection and took 69 seconds out of Froome s lead although Valverde lost over ten minutes and slipped out of contention 121 Froome beat Nairo Quintana to win stage 15 of the 2013 Tour de France Froome won stage fifteen which finished on Mont Ventoux Kennaugh and Porte dropped all of the leading contenders except Contador on the early part of the climb before Froome surged clear of Contador with 7 km 4 3 mi remaining and caught Quintana who had attacked earlier in the climb The pair worked together to put time into their rivals before Froome dropped Quintana with 1 2 km 0 7 mi remaining and soloed to the finish This gave Froome a lead of four minutes and fourteen seconds over Mollema in second place with Contador a further eleven seconds back Froome also regained the lead in the mountains classification 122 123 He won the stage seventeen time trial finishing the 32 km 20 mi course from Embrun to Chorges in 51 minutes 33 seconds with Contador coming in nine seconds behind him in second place 124 Froome defended his lead during the Alpine stages extending his overall lead as Mollema and Contador dropped back 125 Froome won the general classification on 21 July with a final time of 83 hours 56 minutes and 40 seconds he was 4 minutes and 20 seconds ahead of second placed Quintana He was also King of the Mountains for six stages however he ultimately finished second to Quintana in that classification 126 Froome s overall win and stage victories in the Tour win put him at the top of the UCI World Tour ranking with 587 ahead of Sagan on 409 127 Partly because according to whom the 2013 Tour was the first since Lance Armstrong s admission of doping such questions were asked of Froome He insisted that he and his team were clean and stated that the questioning saddened him 128 Froome was drug tested during the Tour 126 and Team Sky principal Dave Brailsford offered the World Anti Doping Agency all performance data they had on Froome as evidence 129 In October Froome was named winner of the prestigious Velo d Or award for the best rider of the year 130 2014 Defending champion Edit Froome wearing the leader s jersey on stage six of the 2014 Criterium du Dauphine As defending champion for the first time Froome started his 2014 season by again winning the Tour of Oman 131 After some minor illnesses and back problems which meant he missed Tirreno Adriatico 132 his next stage race was the Tour de Romandie again as defending champion which he won by 28 seconds ahead of Spilak with the two riders placing first and second in that race for the second consecutive year 133 He also won the final stage of the race an 18 5 km 11 5 mi individual time trial finishing a second faster than three time time trial world champion Martin To celebrate the Tour de France moving from Britain to France in July Froome rode a bicycle through the Channel Tunnel becoming the first solo rider to do so and one of few cyclists ever to have made the journey The Crossing took under an hour at a top speed of 65 km h 134 Froome crashed out on the fifth stage of the Tour de France after falling three times over two days putting an end to his defence of his Tour de France crown 135 He came back in time to duel with Alberto Contador on the Vuelta a Espana He lost time on the first individual time trial 136 Before the last stage a short 10 km flat time trial Froome was in second place with a deficit of 97 seconds on the Spaniard 137 He finally finished second 138 He was also awarded the overall combativity award 2015 Second Tour de France victory Edit Following his 2013 and 2014 early season victories in the Tour of Oman Froome decided to begin his 2015 racing season in February at the Ruta del Sol in Spain He was joined there by Contador both riders competing in this race for the first time Having lost eight seconds to Contador in the first day s individual time trial 139 Froome ceded even more time to him on the third stage when the Spaniard broke away from the peloton during the uphill finish to win the stage Now 27 seconds behind Contador with only one mountain stage remaining Froome seemed likely to end up second 140 But on the penultimate fourth stage which had a steep uphill finish Team Sky worked hard and dropped all of Contador s Tinkoff Saxo teammates as the leaders reached the final climb After some punchy moves by his support riders Froome began a solo attack For a short time Contador was able to follow but he soon fell away Froome won the stage and was able to open a 29 second gap on second place Contador by the finish line enough to overcome his deficit and take the overall race lead by two seconds 141 The final fifth stage was relatively flat with no likely chance for Contador to make up his deficit allowing Froome to collect his first stage race victory since May 2014 142 143 This was the third year in a row that Froome won his season opener stage race 143 For the second year in a row Froome did not start Tirreno Adriatico due to a chest infection 132 He participated in the La Fleche Wallonne but crashed badly remounted and finished 123rd at 12 19 144 He later participated in the Tour de Romandie in hopes of winning it for the third year in a row but had to settle for third place in the general classification after winner Ilnur Zakarin and second place Simon Spilak both of Team Katusha 145 In June he was in full preparation for the Tour de France as he participated to the Criterium du Dauphine He won stage seven the queen stage thanks to two consecutive attacks on the last climb of the day one to shed the leading group and another one to get rid of Tejay van Garderen who had resisted the first one 146 On the stage he repeated the exploit of winning solo while putting enough time into van Garderen to win the overall classification as well 147 Froome wearing the yellow jersey during stage thirteen of the 2015 Tour de France Froome entered the Tour de France as one of the favourites for the overall win After a strong performance on the Mur de Huy Froome took over the race lead by one second from Tony Martin 148 although he subsequently lost the jersey to Martin on stage four to Cambrai 149 Following Martin s retirement from the race with a broken collar bone sustained in a crash near the end of stage six 150 Froome was promoted to race leader but declined to wear the yellow jersey during stage seven 151 During the evening of the first rest day of the Tour it emerged that the team had had some of Froome s data files hacked and released onto the internet 152 As the Tour entered the second week of racing stage ten saw the first mountains stage the summit finish of La Pierre Saint Martin where Froome would go on to take the stage win putting significant time into his general classification rivals 153 During the remainder of the race the team faced intense scrutiny regarding their dominant performances Porte was punched in the ribs by a spectator in the Pyrenees 154 and Froome claimed he had urine thrown at him by another spectator who Froome described as clearly French 155 and levelled his blame for the poor spectator behaviour on the press for irresponsible journalism 156 Team Sky then released some of Froome s power data from stage ten in an attempt to calm claims of blood or mechanical doping 157 158 Froome maintained his lead during the final week s Alpine mountain stages although he lost 32 seconds to Quintana who had emerged as his principal rival on the penultimate mountain stage to La Toussuire and another 86 seconds on the final summit finish on Alpe d Huez giving him a lead of 72 seconds over Quintana in the general classification In addition to winning the race overall he clinched the mountains classification 159 160 In August Froome confirmed that he would follow up his Tour win by riding in the Vuelta a Espana 161 162 Froome lost time on his rivals on the first summit finishes though he gained back some time on the summit finish of stage nine 163 Stage eleven was a mountainous stage in Andorra that Froome had described as the toughest Grand Tour stage I ve ever done 164 He crashed into a wooden barrier on the approach to the first climb of the day he continued to the end of the stage though he lost significant time on all his rivals The following morning an MRI scan revealed that he had broken his foot in the crash and he withdrew from the Vuelta 165 Froome was appointed as an Officer of the Order of the British Empire OBE in the 2016 New Year Honours for services to cycling 1 2016 Third Tour de France victory Edit Froome on Stage 18 of the 2016 Tour de France Before the 2016 season Froome announced that he would attempt to win the Tour as well as the time trial and road race at the Olympics 166 Froome started the season early competing in the 2016 Herald Sun Tour in Australia a race in which he had finished fourth in 2008 The Herald Sun Tour consisted of a short individual time trial prologue followed by four stages On the last stage which culminated in a triple climb of Arthurs Seat and a summit finish Froome broke away in a solo attack on the third and final ascent and opened up a sufficient gap on the field to secure his first 2016 victory along with the King of the Mountains award 167 Froome s next racing appearance was at the Volta a Catalunya in late March where he finished eighth overall 168 He subsequently competed at the Tour de Romandie which brought mixed results On the second stage he punctured on a climb 20 km from the end and finished 17 minutes down on stage winner and new race leader Nairo Quintana 169 However on stage four the queen stage he and Tejay van Garderen attacked from the bunch to join the day s original breakaway the pair then rode away on the final climb and Froome distanced van Garderen with 7 4 km to go holding on to win the stage with a four second lead over the leader s group 170 In June as preparation for the Tour de France he took part in the Criterium du Dauphine which he won by 12 seconds over Romain Bardet of AG2R La Mondiale This was Froome s third victory at the Dauphine over the last four years 171 On Stage 8 of the 2016 Tour de France Froome attacked on the descent of the Col de Peyresourde and held off the leading group of GC contenders to take a solo victory in Bagneres de Luchon By doing so Froome took the Yellow Jersey leading the race by 16 seconds over Adam Yates Orica BikeExchange 172 Following the stage Froome received a fine of 200 Swiss Francs for elbowing a spectator in the face who had run alongside him during the ascent of the Col de Peyresourde 173 He further surprised his rivals on stage 11 to Montpellier when he finished second in a sprint to Peter Sagan after being part of a 4 man break in the final 12 kilometers after the peloton split due to crosswinds 174 On Stage 12 on the ascent up Mont Ventoux Froome collided with Richie Porte and Bauke Mollema and a motorbike after spectators on the road forced the motorbike to stop Porte and Mollema continued riding while Froome ditched his bike and continued on foot until receiving a replacement bike from his team car He finished the race 1 minute and 40 seconds behind Mollema but was awarded the same time as Mollema after a jury decision and retained the yellow jersey 175 He followed with good results in both of the individual time trials with a second place finish on stage 13 and winning stage 18 Froome went on to claim his third Tour de France victory on 24 July 2016 and became Britain s first ever three time winner of the race 176 He followed his Tour win with a bronze medal at the 2016 Rio Olympics during the Men s Time Trial event 177 repeating his bronze medal success from London 2012 178 After the Olympics he was named in the start list for the 2016 Vuelta a Espana during which he helped the team win the opening team time trial and later won stage 11 on Pena Cabarga the site of his first Grand Tour stage victory in 2011 179 He lost over 2 1 2 minutes on stage 15 when rivals Nairo Quintana and Alberto Contador attacked together from kilometre 10 and blew the race apart isolating him from his teammates 180 However Froome gained back time lost in a victory on the stage 19 individual time trial to Calp He finished the Vuelta in second overall 1 23 back of race winner Quintana 181 2017 Completing the Tour Vuelta double Edit Froome at the 2017 Tour de France Froome won his fourth Tour de France title on 23 July 2017 He beat Rigoberto Uran by 54 seconds Although Froome never won a stage during the 2017 Tour or any prior race during that calendar year he was victorious thanks to his exceptional time trialing abilities showcased on the Grand Depart in Dusseldorf and on stage 20 in Marseille 182 Froome on the podium in Madrid after winning the 2017 Vuelta a Espana On 19 August Froome started the Vuelta a Espana aiming to win it having finished 2nd on three occasions previously and had gone in as the overwhelming favourite 183 On stage 3 Froome attacked up the final climb with only Esteban Chaves able to follow him However they were pegged back on the descent and Vincenzo Nibali won the stage in the reduced sprint Froome finished 3rd and the bonus seconds at the line plus those he picked up at the intermediate sprint were enough to see him take the red jersey for the first time since 2011 184 He went on to win stage 9 at Cumbre del Sol the same finish where he lost to Dumoulin in 2015 also taking the lead in the points classification in the process Despite a crash on stage 12 he recaptured the lead in the points classification with a 5th place finish on stage 15 to Sierra Nevada and won the stage 16 individual time trial at Logrono also taking the stage s combativity prize A third place finish on the Alto de l Angliru cemented the red jersey as well as the combination classification and on the final sprint stage at Madrid held on to win the points classification by 2 points over Matteo Trentin With the victory Froome became the first British rider to win the Vuelta and the third man to successfully complete the Tour Vuelta double in the same year joining Jacques Anquetil and Bernard Hinault He then competed at the 2017 UCI Road World Championships in Bergen only about a week after his Vuelta victory and won two bronze medals one in the men s team time trial with Team Sky the other in the men s individual time trial for Great Britain 185 186 On 17 October 2017 he won his third Velo d Or award as the best rider of the 2017 season 187 Excessive level of an asthma drug at Vuelta Edit On 13 December 2017 the UCI announced that Froome had returned an Adverse Analytical Finding AAF for almost twice his allowed dose of salbutamol an asthma medication Both the A and B samples revealed urinary salbutamol concentration in excess of the 1000 1200 ng mL threshold of therapeutic use 188 The threshold for salbutamol is 1000 ng mL and the decision limit taking into account measurement uncertainty is 1200 ng mL 189 The test was taken after stage 18 of the Vuelta a Espana In a statement Froome commented My asthma got worse at the Vuelta so I followed the team doctor s advice to increase my salbutamol dosage As always I took the greatest care to ensure that I did not use more than the permissible dose 190 Under new WADA rules compensation has been made for urine concentration and dehydration under which Froome s level has been lowered to 1 429 ng mL rather than 2 000 ng mL 191 Subsequently Froome took much of the off season contacting experts and reading reports on the situation 192 Following the leaking of test results to The Guardian and Le Monde newspapers 193 the newspaper article stated that this threatens to damage his reputation as one of Britain s most successful athletes His team were asked to explain the high levels of the drug revealed in the test and if not adequately explained it would have resulted in a ban from the sport His case has been widely criticised by fellow cyclists and in January 2018 UCI president David Lappartient recommended that he was suspended by Team Sky until his case was resolved 194 In February 2018 Dave Brailsford defended Froome saying For me there s no question he s done nothing wrong no question no question no question He went on to say that he believed Froome was innocent and that he felt the case shouldn t have been made public 195 On 2 July 2018 the UCI officially closed the investigation into Froome stating that the rider had supplied sufficient evidence to suggest that Mr Froome s sample results do not constitute an AAF 196 2018 Winning the Giro Edit On 29 November 2017 Froome announced that he intended to participate in the 2018 Giro d Italia in an attempt to complete the Giro Tour double marking his first start in the race since 2010 A win would make him the seventh rider to win all three Grand Tours and the third rider to hold all three Grand Tour titles simultaneously in a single 12 month period 197 On 5 February 2018 Froome announced he would start his season with an entry into the Vuelta a Andalucia Ruta del Sol 198 despite calls for him not to race until his case was resolved However there were also signs of support for Froome with Ruta del Sol organiser Joaquin Cuevas claiming it to be a pleasure and an honour to have Froome in the race 199 and Mauro Vegni the organiser of the Giro d Italia commenting that If he Froome wins the pink jersey he ll always be the winner for me 200 Cyclingnews com also reported that Froome would be likely to compete in two Italian pre Giro stage races Tirreno Adriatico and the Tour of the Alps 201 Froome right on the Colle delle Finestre on Stage 19 of the 2018 Giro d Italia shortly before his decisive solo attack Froome entered the 2018 Giro d Italia as one of the favourites to take the overall victory in Rome at the end of May Once at the start of the Giro d Italia he was he would be cleared of his offences 192 However before the race could even begin Froome crashed whilst performing a recon of the opening time trial in Jerusalem 202 203 Froome finished the time trial in 21st place ceding 35 seconds to overall rival Tom Dumoulin After the race Team Sky directeur sportif Nicolas Portal admitted that the injury Froome sustained in the crash was worse that they had stated at the time and Brailsford said that the crash was a setback to Froome s physical condition which the team felt was below the required level at the start of the Giro 204 By the end of the first summit finish on Mount Etna Froome had risen to eighth overall one minute and 10 seconds behind early race leader Simon Yates 205 On stage 8 Froome fell on his injured side when his rear wheel slid on a wet climb 204 By the end of stage 9 to Gran Sasso d Italia Froome had lost a further one minute and 17 seconds to Yates dropping to 11th overall Stage 10 could have also proven ominous when afterwards he admitted to feeling pain and an imbalance between his legs and was glad to maintain his position 192 Froome s first signs of recovery came through on the most difficult climb of the race to that point Monte Zoncolan where he distanced all of his main overall rivals taking the stage win Froome s deficit to the maglia rosa was now 3 10 206 However on the final climb of the following stage to Sappada Froome cracked yielding more than a minute to the other main general classification contenders Overall Froome lay 4 52 from Yates the leader 2 41 from Dumoulin 2 24 from Domenico Pozzovivo and 2 15 from Thibaut Pinot 207 Froome s fortune began to change as the race entered the third week with a strong performance in the 34 km Stage 16 time trial from Trento to Rovereto finishing fifth on the stage rising to fourth overall and moving to within four minutes of Yates 208 On stage 18 to Prato Nevoso Yates displayed the initial signs of weakness cracking on the final slopes of the summit finishes and losing 28 seconds to all of his other general classification rivals 209 Stage 19 of the race had been classified as the queen stage of the race with three focused climbs in the latter half of the stage These included the half paved half gravel climb of the Colle delle Finestre followed by the climb to Sestriere and the final uphill finish to Bardonecchia Team Sky s management decided that Finestre would be the ideal place to put pressure on Yates if a team rode hard on the front its 27 hairpin turns would create a concertina effect in the peloton making it difficult for riders behind to follow and forcing teams to shed their domestiques Froome then planned to attack Dumoulin on the 8 km gravel section at the top of the climb To ensure that Froome would be able to obtain the nutrition necessary to sustain such a long range attack the team commandeered all its staff at the race to ensure there were feeding stations every ten minutes up the Finestre On the stage itself the early breakaway which included Froome s teammates Sergio Henao and David de la Cruz was closed down by Yates s Mitchelton Scott team just before the Finestre 210 Sky s climbing train set an extremely high tempo at the beginning of the climb 204 with Yates in difficulty on its lower slopes With 80 km left of the stage Froome launched a solo attack Froome s advantage grew throughout the second half of the stage culminating in him taking the stage honours Importantly a stage victory of more than three minutes which included picking up three bonus seconds at the second intermediate sprint in Pragelato resulted in Froome taking the overall race lead 40 seconds ahead of the 2017 Giro d Italia victor Tom Dumoulin 211 Taking the maximum number of points on all three of the remaining climbs on the stage Finestre Sestriere and the Jafferau Froome also moved into the lead in the mountains classification His solo attack was likened to famous historical performances such as Fausto Coppi to Pinerolo in 1949 Claudio Chiappucci to Sestriere in 1992 Marco Pantani on the Galibier in 1998 Floyd Landis s long range attack to Morzine and Michael Rasmussen to Tignes in 2007 212 Froome held on to the maglia rosa on the final true day of racing for the GC neutralizing several attacks by Dumoulin in the final kilometers before launching a counter attack of his own putting an additional 6 seconds into his rival at the finish line at Breuil Cervinia Froome took victory in the 2018 Giro d Italia making him the first British rider to win the overall title the first rider since 1983 to hold all three Grand Tour titles simultaneously as well as becoming the seventh man to have completed the career Grand Tour grand slam 213 He then went into the 2018 Tour de France as one of the main favorites for victory despite the mostly negative reactions from some fans 214 Crashing twice on stages 1 and 9 as well as looking vulnerable on several other stages Froome then shifted his focus on helping his friend and longtime teammate Geraint Thomas Thanks to his performance in the penultimate day time trial to Espelette Froome finished third overall behind Thomas Despite being defending champion of the Vuelta Froome decided to skip the 2018 edition having ridden four consecutive Grand Tours citation needed He instead rode the 2018 Tour of Britain It was the last race of his 2018 season electing to skip the World Championships in Austria citing physical as well as mental fatigue to be the main reasons behind his decision 215 2019 Crash and recovery Edit On 1 January 2019 Froome announced that he would not be defending his title at the Giro d Italia instead focusing on the 2019 Tour de France with the aim of winning the race for the fifth time 216 He started his season at Tour Colombia in February and also rode the Volta a Catalunya in support of Egan Bernal He completed the Tour of the Alps and the Tour de Yorkshire prior to returning to the Criterium du Dauphine 217 218 On 12 June 2019 Froome was hospitalised with a fractured right femur a fractured elbow and fractured ribs after a high speed crash into a wall while training for the 4th stage of the Criterium du Dauphine 219 220 The incident ruled out his participation in the 2019 Tour de France 221 He spoke for the first time on 3 August 2019 in an interview about the incident and the recovery process 222 On 10 September 2019 almost 3 months into his recovery Froome was confirmed to participate in the 7th edition of the Saitama Criterium 223 and on 29 September 2019 posted to social media that he was back training on the road 224 2020 Back on the road leaving Team Ineos Edit In his first official team interview posted on 17 January 2020 Froome confirmed that he had been given the green light to begin full training following the rehab stage of his recovery and participated in a training camp with several teammates in Gran Canaria citing his big focus as getting to the 2020 Tour de France with the ambition of getting his fifth overall victory 225 On 22 January it was announced that Froome s first race back would be the UAE Tour at the end of February rejoining the peloton for the first time since his accident 226 On 9 July 2020 it was announced that Froome s contract with Team Ineos would not be extended beyond the end of the 2020 season 6 having been with the team since its formation in 2010 Later that day Froome signed a long term contract with Israel Start Up Nation from the 2021 season 227 228 Following the end of the lockdown Froome completed the Route d Occitanie the Tour de l Ain and the Criterium du Dauphine On 19 August 2020 it was announced that he would not be part of the team for the Tour de France but would instead be the team s designated leader at the Vuelta a Espana which would eventually be his final race with Ineos 229 2021 A new chapter Israel Start up Nation Edit Froome had been training and working on further rehabilitation in southern California in preparation for the 2021 season On 17 December 2020 it was announced that he would make his Israel Start Up Nation debut at the Vuelta a San Juan in Argentina starting on 24 January 230 However with the cancellation of the race due to the COVID 19 pandemic in Argentina it was later announced that he would open the season at the UAE Tour starting on 21 February 231 Froome was selected for the Tour de France his first appearance at the race since 2018 but Israel Start Up Nation named Michael Woods as team leader 232 Froome s compatriot Mark Cavendish who won the points classification insisted Froome was not to be written off citing his own comeback testimony as example 233 Froome sustained injuries on the opening stage but continued on eventually completing the race in 133rd overall 234 2022 Israel Premier Tech Edit Froome made his 2022 debut at the Settimana Internazionale di Coppi e Bartali after a knee tendon inflammation 235 At the end of May while riding the 2022 Mercan Tour Classic Alpes Maritimes Froome managed his best result since his crash at the 2019 Criterium du Dauphine when he finished 11th in the mountain race 236 237 On stage 12 of the 2022 Tour de France which was a high mountain stage that finished atop Alpe d Huez he bridged up to the breakaway with Tom Pidcock about halfway through the stage 238 and finished top three of a Tour de France stage for the first time since the 2018 edition He signed in at the podium on stage 18 but did not start because a second Covid test came back positive At the time he was on pace to finish about 100 places higher than he finished the previous year Personal life EditFroome met Michelle Cound a South African of Welsh origin through South African rider Daryl Impey in 2009 Froome and Cound moved to Monaco together in 2011 and got engaged in March 2013 239 240 The couple married in November 2014 241 and on 14 December 2015 had their first child a son 242 Froome dedicated his 2013 Tour de France win to his mother who died of cancer five weeks before his Tour debut in 2008 43 126 His second child a daughter was born on 1 August 2018 243 Froome was appointed officer of the Order of the British Empire OBE in the 2016 New Year Honours for services to cycling Physiology EditSince winning his first Tour de France title in 2013 doubts over Froome s performances were raised by various experts including former Festina coach Antoine Vayer These allegations were based mainly on his sudden transformation from a relatively unknown rider to a Grand Tour winner following his breakthrough performance in the 2011 Vuelta After his dominant showing in the first mountain stage of the 2015 Tour the suspicions increased even further In an attempt to answer these questions Froome promised to undergo independent physiological testing soon after finishing the Tour The test arranged by Froome himself took place shortly before the start of the Vuelta on 17 August 2015 in the GlaxoSmithKline Human Performance lab in London Several tests were carried to determine his maximum sustainable power for 20 40 minutes threshold power level of maximum oxygen consumption VO2 max and his peak power Froome s peak power was measured at 525 W his peak 20 40 minute power at 419 W corresponds to 79 8 percent of the maximum Given his weight of 69 9 kg 154 lb of which 9 8 was body fat at the time of test this corresponds to figures of 7 51 and 5 98 W kg respectively His maximum oxygen uptake was measured at 84 6 ml kg min At the time he was reportedly almost 3 kg 6 6 lb heavier compared to his Tour weight of 67 kg 148 lb Using this number the VO2 max figure would translate to approximately 88 2 ml kg min Froome also released results from a previous test carried out in 2007 while being part of the UCI development programme The 2007 test measured his peak power at 540 W the threshold power at 420 W and the maximum oxygen uptake of 80 2 ml kg min at a weight of 75 6 kg 167 lb 244 Career achievements EditMajor results Edit Source 245 246 2005 1st Stage 2 Tour of Mauritius 2006 1st Overall Tour of Mauritius1st Stages 2 amp 3 dd 2nd Anatomic Jock Race 2007 1st Overall Mi Aout en Bretagne 1st Stage 5 Giro delle Regioni 1st Stage 6 Tour of Japan 2nd Berg en Dale Classic 2nd Time trial UCI B World Championships 3rd Road race All Africa Games 8th Tour du Doubs 2008 2nd Overall Giro del Capo 3rd Giro dell Appennino 4th Overall Herald Sun Tour 6th Overall Volta ao Distrito de Santarem 2009 1st Stage 2 Giro del Capo 1st Anatomic Jock Race 4th Road race National Road Championships 9th Gran Premio Nobili Rubinetterie 2010 2nd Time trial National Road Championships 5th Time trial Commonwealth Games 9th Overall Tour du Haut Var 2011 1st Overall Vuelta a Espana1st Combination classification 1st Stage 17 dd 3rd Overall Tour of Beijing 2012 2nd Overall Tour de France1st Stage 7 Held after Stage 7 dd 3rd Time trial Olympic Games 4th Overall Vuelta a Espana 4th Overall Criterium du Dauphine 7th UCI World Tour 2013 1st Overall Tour de France1st Stages 8 15 amp 17 ITT Held after Stages 8 amp 15 19 dd 1st Overall Tour de Romandie1st Prologue dd 1st Overall Criterium du Dauphine1st Stage 5 dd 1st Overall Tour of Oman1st Points classification 1st Stage 5 dd 1st Overall Criterium International1st Stage 3 dd 2nd Overall Tirreno Adriatico1st Stage 4 dd 2nd UCI World Tour 3rd Team time trial UCI Road World Championships 2014 1st Overall Tour de Romandie1st Stage 5 ITT dd 1st Overall Tour of Oman1st Stage 5 dd Criterium du Dauphine1st Points classification 1st Stages 1 ITT amp 2 dd 2nd Overall Vuelta a Espana Combativity award Overall dd 6th Overall Volta a Catalunya 7th UCI World Tour 2015 1st Overall Tour de France1st Mountains classification 1st Stage 10 dd 1st Overall Criterium du Dauphine1st Stages 7 amp 8 dd 1st Overall Vuelta a Andalucia1st Points classification 1st Stage 4 dd 3rd Overall Tour de Romandie1st Stage 1 TTT dd 6th UCI World Tour 2016 1st Overall Tour de France1st Stages 8 amp 18 ITT dd 1st Overall Criterium du Dauphine1st Stage 5 dd 1st Overall Herald Sun Tour1st Mountains classification 1st Stage 4 dd 1st Stage 4 Tour de Romandie 2nd Overall Vuelta a Espana1st Stages 1 TTT 11 amp 19 ITT Combativity award Stage 19 dd 3rd Time trial Olympic Games 3rd UCI World Tour 8th Overall Volta a Catalunya 2017 1st Overall Tour de France 1st Overall Vuelta a Espana1st Points classification 1st Combination classification 1st Stages 9 amp 16 ITT Combativity award Stage 16 dd 2nd UCI World Tour UCI Road World Championships3rd Time trial 3rd Team time trial dd 4th Overall Criterium du Dauphine 6th Overall Herald Sun Tour 2018 1st Overall Giro d Italia1st Mountains classification 1st Stages 14 amp 19 dd 3rd Overall Tour de France 4th Overall Tour of the Alps 9th UCI World Tour 10th Overall Vuelta a Andalucia General classification results timeline Edit Grand Tour general classification results timeline 50 245 Grand Tour 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 Giro d Italia 36 DSQ 1 Tour de France 83 2 1 DNF 1 1 1 3 133 DNF Vuelta a Espana 1 4 2 DNF 2 1 98 114Major stage race general classification results timeline 245 Race 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 Paris Nice Has not contested during his career Tirreno Adriatico 2 34 91 Volta a Catalunya 71 61 6 71 8 30 94 NH 81 Tour of the Basque Country Has not contested during his career Tour de Romandie DNF 15 123 1 1 3 38 18 NH 96 65 Criterium du Dauphine 4 1 12 1 1 4 DNF 71 47 DNF Tour de Suisse 47 NH Classics results timeline Edit Monument 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022Milan San Remo Has not contested during his careerTour of FlandersParis Roubaix DNF NH Liege Bastogne Liege 84 44 135 36 DNS 112 DNF Giro di Lombardia DNFMajor championships results timeline Edit Event 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 Olympic Games Time trial Not Held 3 Not Held 3 Not Held NHRoad race 109 12 World Championships Time trial 17 3 Road race DNF DNF DNF DNF DNF DNF National Championships Time trial 2 NH Road race 4 11 DNF Legend Did not competeDNF Did not finishDSQ DisqualifiedIP In progressNH Not heldAwards Edit Velo d Or 2013 2015 2017 130 Velo Magazine International Cyclist of the Year 2013 247 International Flandrien of the Year 2013 2017 248 Sports Journalists Association Sportsman of the Year 2017 249 Officer of the Order of the British Empire 2016 1 See also Edit Biography portal Sports portal Olympics portal United Kingdom portal Kenya portal South Africa portalList of British cyclists List of British cyclists who have led the Tour de France 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Froome beaten into second place by Astana s Vincenzo Nibali The Daily Telegraph 12 March 2013 Archived from the original on 5 May 2013 Retrieved 12 March 2013 Wynn Nigel 24 March 2013 Chris Froome takes final stage and overall win in Criterium International Cycling Weekly Retrieved 24 March 2013 Wynn Nigel 23 April 2013 Chris Froome wins Tour de Romandie prologue Cycling Weekly Retrieved 23 April 2013 Puddicombe Stephen 27 April 2013 Simon Spilak wins Tour de Romandie stage four as Chris Froome extends lead Cycling Weekly Retrieved 30 November 2015 Simon Spilak wins stage 4 of 2013 Tour de Romandie Chris Froome defends overall VeloNews 27 April 2013 Archived from the original on 3 March 2016 Retrieved 30 November 2015 Puddicombe Stephen 28 April 2013 Chris Froome wins Tour de Romandie Cycling Weekly Retrieved 21 July 2013 Puddicombe Stephen 31 May 2013 Criterium du Dauphine 2013 Who will win Cycling Weekly Retrieved 28 June 2013 Farrand Stephen 5 June 2013 Martin continues time trial winning streak in Dauphine Cyclingnews com Retrieved 6 June 2013 Devaney Jason 6 June 2013 Busche nearly nails Dauphine stage win at Valmorel VeloNews Archived from the original on 14 July 2016 Retrieved 6 June 2013 Chris Froome leads Dauphine as Sammy Sanchez wins stage seven BBC Sport 8 June 2013 Retrieved 8 June 2013 Fotheringham William 9 June 2013 Chris Froome seals Criterium du Dauphine victory in Risoul rain The Guardian Retrieved 9 June 2013 Chris Froome wins Criterium du Dauphine ahead of Tour de France BBC Sport 9 June 2013 Retrieved 9 June 2013 Westby Matt 30 June 2013 Marcel Kittel takes yellow as stage one chaos costs Mark Cavendish Sky Sports Retrieved 16 July 2013 Westby Matt 6 July 2013 Chris Froome wins stage eight and takes yellow jersey in Pyrenees Sky Sports Retrieved 16 July 2013 Chris Froome in yellow after stage win BBC Sport 6 July 2013 Retrieved 16 July 2013 Brown Gregor 7 July 2013 Daniel Martin wins Tour de France stage nine as Chris Froome fights to retain lead Cycling Weekly Retrieved 16 July 2013 Fotheringham William 10 July 2013 Chris Froome extends lead over yellow jersey rivals in Tour de France 2013 The Guardian Retrieved 16 July 2013 How Froome was outmanoeuvred Yahoo Eurosport 12 July 2013 Archived from the original on 8 December 2015 Retrieved 16 July 2013 Chris Froome wins stage 15 to extend lead BBC Sport 14 July 2013 Retrieved 16 July 2013 Chris Froome defends yellow from the front on Mont Ventoux VeloNews 14 July 2013 Archived from the original on 9 April 2016 Retrieved 16 July 2013 Chris Froome wins time trial to extend Tour de France lead BBC Sport 17 July 2013 Retrieved 17 July 2013 Fotheringham William 20 July 2013 Chris Froome on verge of Tour de France glory after penultimate stage The Observer Retrieved 20 July 2013 a b c Tour de France Chris Froome wins 100th edition of race BBC Sport 21 July 2013 Retrieved 21 July 2013 Wynn Nigel 23 July 2013 Chris Froome tops latest UCI WorldTour ranking Cycling Weekly Retrieved 24 July 2013 Chris Froome Tour de France leader sad at doping questions BBC Sport 15 July 2013 Retrieved 21 July 2013 Tour de France Chris Froome s data offered to Wada by Brailsford BBC Sport 18 July 2013 Retrieved 21 July 2013 a b Wynn Nigel 30 October 2013 Chris Froome wins 2013 Velo d Or award Cycling Weekly Retrieved 30 October 2013 Puddocombe Stephen 23 February 2014 Chris Froome wins 2014 Tour of Oman Cycling Weekly a b Froome withdraws from Tirreno Adriatico Cyclingnews com Retrieved 30 November 2015 Farrand Stephen 4 May 2014 Froome dominates the final time trial Cyclingnews com Retrieved 4 May 2014 Chris Froome cycles through the Channel Tunnel The Daily Telegraph 7 July 2014 Archived from the original on 8 July 2014 Retrieved 3 March 2015 Glendenning Barry 9 July 2014 Chris Froome abandons Tour de France stage 5 as it happened The Guardian ISSN 0261 3077 Retrieved 13 May 2021 Benson Daniel 2 September 2014 Vuelta a Espana Quintana crashes out of race lead in time trial Cyclingnews com Retrieved 13 September 2014 Wynn Nigel 13 September 2014 Alberto Contador wins final Vuelta a Espana mountain test Cycling Weekly Retrieved 13 September 2014 Cossins Peter 14 September 2014 Contador seals overall 2014 Vuelta a Espana victory Cyclingnews com Retrieved 14 September 2014 Fotheringham Alasdair 18 February 2015 Vuelta a Andalucia Froome loses time to Contador in first showdown Cyclingnews com Retrieved 30 November 2015 Froome happy despite losing to Contador at Vuelta a Andalucia Cyclingnews com 20 February 2015 Retrieved 30 November 2015 Chris Froome takes lead of Ruta del Sol after beating Contador on stage four Sky Sports 21 February 2015 Retrieved 3 December 2015 Chris Froome beats Alberto Contador to Ruta del Sol title BBC Sport 22 February 2015 Retrieved 3 December 2015 a b Fotheringham Alasdair 22 February 2015 Froome seals morale boosting victory over Contador in Andalucia Cyclingnews com Retrieved 3 December 2015 Valverde wins La Fleche Wallonne 2015 Cyclingnews com 22 April 2015 Retrieved 22 April 2015 O Shea Sadhbh 3 May 2015 Zakarin wins Tour de Romandie Cyclingnews com Retrieved 3 May 2015 Chris Froome eyes Criterium du Dauphine victory after stage seven win The Observer Associated Press 13 June 2015 Retrieved 14 June 2015 Froome wins finale and overall title at Criterium du Dauphine Cyclingnews com 14 June 2015 Retrieved 14 June 2015 Tour de France 2015 Stage 3 ProCyclingStats Retrieved 30 November 2015 Tour de France 2015 Stage 4 ProCyclingStats Retrieved 30 November 2015 Clarke Stuart 10 July 2015 Chris Froome will not wear the Tour de France yellow jersey Cycling Weekly Retrieved 30 November 2015 Leader Froome not wearing yellow BBC Sport Retrieved 24 May 2020 Tour de France Froome s data files believed to be hacked Cyclingnews com 14 July 2015 Retrieved 30 November 2015 Tour de France 2015 Stage 10 ProCyclingStats Retrieved 30 November 2015 Porte says that he was punched in the Pyrenees VeloNews 18 July 2015 Archived from the original on 11 August 2015 Retrieved 30 November 2015 Brady Enda 19 July 2015 Froome Spectator Threw Urine In My Face Sky News Archived from the original on 8 August 2015 Retrieved 30 November 2015 Cary Tom 19 July 2015 Chris Froome maintains lead but French press continue to attack Team Sky The Daily Telegraph Archived from the original on 12 January 2022 Retrieved 30 November 2015 Fletcher Patrick 24 July 2015 Sky s release of Froome s Tour de France data fails to clear the air Cyclingnews com Retrieved 30 November 2015 Farrand Stephen 23 July 2015 UCI check Froome s bike and five others for hidden motors at Tour de France Cyclingnews com Retrieved 30 November 2015 Fotheringham William 25 July 2015 Chris Froome set for Tour de France win despite Nairo Quintana s attack theguardian com Retrieved 26 July 2015 Duff Alex 26 July 2015 Chris Froome Wins Tour de France for Second Time in Three Years Bloomberg com Retrieved 26 July 2015 Benson Daniel 10 August 2015 Chris Froome on Team Sky s provisional Vuelta a Espana roster Cyclingnews com Archived from the original on 12 August 2015 Retrieved 10 August 2015 Clarke Stuart 11 August 2015 Chris Froome at the Vuelta a Espana is icing on the cake says organiser Cycling Weekly Retrieved 14 August 2015 Fotheringham Alasdair 31 August 2015 Froome s Vuelta a Espana back on track on Cumbre del Sol Cyclingnews com Retrieved 3 September 2015 Froome Andorra will be the toughest Grand Tour stage I ve ever done Cyclingnews com 2 September 2015 Retrieved 3 September 2015 Froome out of the Vuelta a Espana after checks reveal a fracture in his foot Cyclingnews com 3 September 2015 Retrieved 3 September 2015 Froome targeting 2016 Tour de France and Rio Olympics double Briton aiming for road race and time trial gold medal in Brazil plus third Tour title Cycling News 1 October 2015 Chris Froome wins Jayco Herald Sun Tour Cycling News 8 February 2016 Fotheringham Alasdair 27 March 2016 Team Sky delighted with Chris Froome progress ahead of Tour de France bid independent co uk Retrieved 13 May 2016 Windsor Richard 28 April 2016 Nairo Quintana takes overall lead at Tour de Romandie as Chris Froome suffers Cycling Weekly Retrieved 13 May 2016 Windsor Richard 30 April 2016 Chris Froome takes breakaway victory on Tour de Romandie stage four Cycling Weekly Retrieved 13 May 2016 Criterium du Dauphine Chris Froome wins third title 12 June 2016 Retrieved 13 June 2016 Tour de France 2016 Chris Froome claims stage win and lead after stage eight BBC Sport 9 July 2016 Retrieved 23 July 2017 Telegraph Sport 10 July 2016 Chris Froome fined for elbowing spectator in face on the way to stage eight Tour de France victory The Telegraph Archived from the original on 12 January 2022 Retrieved 23 July 2017 Froome extends lead in crosswinds Sky Sports Retrieved 29 May 2020 Tour de France Chris Froome forced to run up Mont Ventoux after crash BBC Sport 14 July 2016 Chris Froome coasts home as Andre Greipel wins Tour s final stage Guardian 24 July 2016 Retrieved 26 July 2016 Rio Olympics 2016 Chris Froome wins bronze in men s time trial BBC 10 August 2016 Retrieved 10 August 2016 Cycling Weekly Cycling News Bike Reviews Sportives amp Forums Cycling Weekly Retrieved 27 May 2020 Chris Froome wins Vuelta a Espana stage 11 to move second Road Cycling UK Retrieved 24 May 2020 Elton Walters Jack 4 September 2016 Nairo Quintana tightens grip on Vuelta a Espana as Chris Froome loses ground on stage 15 Cycling Weekly Retrieved 24 May 2020 Vuelta a Espana 2016 Chris Froome wins stage 19 time trial Road Cycling UK Retrieved 24 May 2020 Fotheringham William 23 July 2017 Chris Froome wins fourth Tour de France after Champs Elysees procession The Guardian Chris Froome aiming to end 22 year wait for Vuelta a Espana and Tour double The Guardian 27 July 2017 Retrieved 11 September 2017 Chris Froome attacks and takes Vuelta a Espana lead as Vincenzo Nibali wins stage three Cycling Weekly 21 August 2017 Retrieved 11 September 2017 Sky Team Team take third at TTT worlds Team Sky www teamsky com Archived from the original on 22 September 2017 Retrieved 21 September 2017 Sky Team Froome captures bronze in Worlds TT Team Sky www teamsky com Archived from the original on 22 September 2017 Retrieved 21 September 2017 Froome wins 2017 Velo d Or Cyclingnews com 17 October 2017 What is Prohibited World Anti Doping Agency WADA will not appeal UCI decision in Christopher Froome case wada ama org World Anti Doping Agency 2 July 2018 Retrieved 2 July 2018 Chris Froome returns adverse analytical finding for Salbutamol cyclingnews com 13 December 2017 Retrieved 13 December 2017 What the newest salbutamol study means for Froome cyclist co uk 11 May 2018 Retrieved 11 May 2018 a b c Pitt V 6 December 2018 Only Real Men Wear Pink Chris Froome on how confidence in himself his team and his audacious attack carried him to his most spectacular win yet at the Giro d Italia Cycling Weekly pp 12 16 Ingle S and Kerner M 13 December 2017 Chris Froome fights to save career after failed drugs test result Guardian Newspaper Retrieved 29 December 2017 Brown Gregor 19 January 2018 It would be easier for everyone if Team Sky suspended Froome says UCI boss Cycling Weekly Retrieved 22 July 2022 Brailsford At this moment we totally back Chris Froome Cyclingnews com Retrieved 2 May 2018 UCI statement on anti doping proceedings involving Mr Christopher Froome uci org Union Cycliste Internationale 2 July 2018 Retrieved 2 July 2018 Chris Froome confirms Giro d Italia participation Cyclingnews com 29 November 2017 Chris Froome to make season debut at Ruta del Sol Cyclingnews com Retrieved 2 May 2018 Director of Ruta del Sol welcomes Chris Froome Cyclingnews com Retrieved 2 May 2018 Vegni I can t stop Chris Froome racing the Giro d Italia Cyclingnews com Retrieved 2 May 2018 Vegni I can t stop Chris Froome racing the Giro d Italia Cyclingnews com 7 February 2018 Chris Froome crashes in Giro d Italia time trial recon Cyclingnews com 4 May 2018 Cary Tom 4 May 2018 Chris Froome crashes before Giro d Italia even starts The Telegraph Archived from the original on 12 January 2022 via www telegraph co uk a b c Pryde Kenny 31 May 2018 Inside line Froome was overweight in pain and thinking of quitting Rouleur Archived from the original on 12 June 2018 Retrieved 6 June 2018 Giro d Italia 2018 Stage 6 www procyclingstats com Giro d Italia 2018 Stage 14 www procyclingstats com Giro d Italia 2018 Stage 15 www procyclingstats com Giro d Italia 2018 Stage 16 ITT www procyclingstats com Giro d Italia 2018 Stage 18 www procyclingstats com Fordyce Tom 6 June 2018 How Chris Froome won Giro d Italia thanks to spectacular stage 19 victory bbc co uk Retrieved 6 June 2018 Giro d Italia 2018 Stage 19 www procyclingstats com Chris Froome I have a clear conscience Cyclingnews com 26 May 2018 Chris Froome wins Giro d Italia in Rome to join cycling s exclusive club Guardian 27 May 2018 Retrieved 31 May 2018 Tour de France Icy welcome for defending champion Chris Froome Cyclingnews com Archived from the original on 9 August 2018 Retrieved 29 July 2019 Chris Froome Geraint Thomas to miss World Championships 5 September 2018 Chris Froome to skip Giro d Italia to focus on Tour de France BBC Sport 2 January 2019 Chris Froome adds Tour de Yorkshire to 2019 race programme 2 January 2019 Chris Froome adds Tour of the Alps to pre Tour de France race programme 10 April 2019 Chris Froome out of Tour de France after very serious crash BBC Sport 12 June 2019 Team Ineos cyclist in intensive care after suffering serious injuries in crash BBC Sport 12 June 2019 MacInnes Paul 12 June 2019 Chris Froome out of Tour de France after suffering multiple fractures in crash The Guardian Retrieved 12 June 2019 INEOSGrenadiers 3 August 2019 In his first interview since the crash that ended his 2019 season ChrisFroome reflects on the incident and detail Tweet via Twitter Chris Froome aiming to race again in 2019 13 September 2019 chrisfroome 29 September 2019 Good to be back on the road again cycling Tweet via Twitter INEOSGrenadiers 17 January 2020 The only appointment I ve set myself is the Tour de France The prospect of going for a fifth yellow jersey is mas Tweet via Twitter Froome to return to racing in February 22 January 2020 Benson Daniel 9 July 2020 Chris Froome leaves Ineos for Israel Start Up Nation Cyclingnews com Retrieved 9 July 2020 Leadership and long term contract keys to Froome move VeloNews 9 July 2020 Retrieved 9 July 2020 INEOS Grenadiers set out Grand Tour plans for 2020 Team INEOS Archived from the original on 19 August 2020 Retrieved 19 August 2020 Israel Start Up Nation and Chris Froome kick off season 2021 in Argentina 17 December 2020 permanent dead link Returning to the UAE Tour 21 January 2021 Michael Woods not Chris Froome to lead Israel Start Up Nation at Tour de France Cyclingnews com 14 June 2021 Ryan Barry 5 July 2021 Mark Cavendish insists Chris Froome should not be written off despite Tour de France struggles Cyclingnews com Profil of Chris FROOME ISRAEL START UP NATION Tour de France 2021 Windsor Richard 19 March 2022 Chris Froome set for 2022 race debut in Italy Cycling Weekly Retrieved 26 March 2022 Benson Daniel 31 May 2022 Chris Froome delivers best performance in years at Mercan Tour Classic Alpes Maritimes VeloNews com Retrieved 31 May 2022 Becket Adam 31 May 2022 I m trying to get back to my old self again Chris Froome achieves his best result since 2019 horror crash cyclingweekly com Retrieved 31 May 2022 Lowe Felix 14 July 2022 OPINION OLD MEETS NEW IN FRUITFUL ALPE D HUEZ ALLIANCE BETWEEN CHRIS FROOME AND TOM PIDCOCK ON THE TOUR DE FRANCE Eurosport Retrieved 24 July 2022 Bevan Chris 20 July 2013 Chris Froome s fiancee on life with the Tour de France leader BBC Sport Retrieved 23 July 2013 White Jim 23 July 2013 How Chris Froome s feisty fiancee is the power behind his throne The Daily Telegraph Archived from the original on 12 January 2022 Retrieved 23 July 2013 Smith Sophie 16 December 2014 Chris Froome working on long haul strategy towards 2015 Tour de France Cycling Weekly Retrieved 19 December 2014 Chris Froome celebrates birth of first child Cyclingnews com 16 December 2015 Retrieved 16 December 2015 chrisfroome 2 August 2018 Welcomed my little girl Katie to the world yesterday Tweet Retrieved 17 July 2019 via Twitter Moore Richard 4 December 2015 The Hardest Road Esquire Retrieved 4 December 2015 a b c Chris Froome Cycling Archives de Wielersite Retrieved 9 March 2013 Christopher Froome Tour de France Amaury Sport Organisation Archived from the original on 2 July 2013 Retrieved 28 June 2013 Velo Magazine December 2013 VeloNews 19 November 2013 Archived from the original on 10 January 2014 Retrieved 20 November 2013 Axelgaard Emil 18 October 2013 Van Avermaet and Froome win Flandrian of the Year award CyclingQuotes com JJnet dk A S Retrieved 13 September 2014 Froome Cockroft and England women cricketers take SJA prizes Sports Journalists Association www sportsjournalists co uk Notes Edit Ineos took over sponsorship of the team from Sky plc as from 1 May 2019 Awarded in 2019 following the disqualification of original winner Juan Jose Cobo When he won the Vuelta in 2017 he had not yet been awarded his 2011 Vuelta victoryFurther reading EditBrailsford Dave Froome Chris 2013 The Pain and the Glory The Official Team Sky Diary of the Giro Campaign and Tour Victory London HarperCollins ISBN 978 0 00 754471 4 Froome Chris 2014 The Climb The Autobiography London Penguin Books ISBN 978 0 241 00418 0 Sharp David 2013 Va Va Froome The Remarkable Rise of Chris Froome Edinburgh Birlinn ISBN 978 1 78027 166 8 Vlismas Michael 2013 Froome The Ride of his Life Johannesburg Jonathan Ball Publishers ISBN 978 1 86842 604 1 Walsh David 2013 Inside Team Sky The Inside Story of Team Sky and their Challenge for the 2013 Tour de France New York City Simon amp Schuster ISBN 978 1 4711 3331 2 External links Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to Chris Froome Wikinews has related news Chris Froome wins Tour de France Official website Chris Froome profile at Team Sky Chris Froome at UCI Chris Froome at Cycling Archives Chris Froome at ProCyclingStats Chris Froome at Cycling Quotient Chris Froome at CycleBase Chris Froome at Olympedia Chris Froome at the British Olympic Association Chris Froome at the Commonwealth Games Federation archived Chris Froome at the Commonwealth Games Federation archived Chris Froome at the Melbourne 2006 Commonwealth Games Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Chris Froome amp oldid 1155480994, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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