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Wikipedia

Choco languages

January 01, 1970

Not to be confused with Xocó language.

The Choco languages (also Chocoan, Chocó, Chokó) are a small family of Native American languages spread across Colombia and Panama.

Chocoan
Geographic
distribution		Colombia and Panama
Linguistic classificationOne of the world's primary language families
Subdivisions
  • Emberá
  • Waunana
Glottologchoc1280
Poet and politician Eduardo Cote Lamus on his journey in Río San Juan (Choco, Colombia) in 1958 with some of the people speaking Choco languages

Family division edit

Choco consists of six known branches, all but two of which are extinct.

Anserma, Arma, and Sinúfana are extinct.

The Emberá group consists of two languages mainly in Colombia with over 60,000 speakers that lie within a fairly mutually intelligible dialect continuum. Ethnologue divides this into six languages. Kaufman (1994) considers the term Cholo to be vague and condescending. Noanamá has some 6,000 speakers on the Panama-Colombia border.

Jolkesky (2016) edit

Internal classification by Jolkesky (2016):[1]

(† = extinct)

Language contact edit

Jolkesky (2016) notes that there are lexical similarities with the Guahibo, Kamsa, Paez, Tukano, Witoto-Okaina, Yaruro, Chibchan, and Bora-Muinane language families due to contact.[1]

Genetic links between Choco and Chibchan had been proposed by Lehmann (1920).[2] However, similarities are few, some of which may be related to the adoption of maize cultivation from neighbors.[1]: 324 

Genetic relations edit

Choco has been included in a number of hypothetical phylum relationships:

Vocabulary edit

Loukotka (1968) lists the following basic vocabulary items for the Chocó languages.[4]

gloss Sambú Chocó Pr. Citara Baudo Waunana Tadó Saixa Chamí Ándagueda Catio Tukurá N'Gvera
one haba abá aba aba haba aba abbá abba abá
two ome ume dáonomi umé homé umé ómay tea unmé
three ompea umpia dáonatup kimaris hompé umpea ompayá umbea unpia
head poro poro achiporo púro boró tachi-púro boró bóro buru porú
eye tau tau tabú tau dága tau tau dáu tow dabu tabú tapü
tooth kida kida kida kidá xidá kidá chida chida
man amoxina mukira umakira emokoida mukira mukína mugira mohuná mukira
water pañia paniá pania pania dó pania panía banía puneá panea pánia
fire tibua tibuá xemkavai tupuk tupu tubechuá tübü
sun pisia pisiá umantago vesea edau vesea áxonihino umata emwaiton humandayo ahumautu
moon edexo édexo hidexo xedeko xedego edekoː átoní edexo heydaho xedeko xedéko hedeko
maize pe pe paga pedeu pe pe bé pe
jaguar imama ibamá ibamá imama kumá pimamá imama imamá imamá
arrow enatruma halomá halomá sia chókiera umatruma sía ukida enentiera

Proto-language edit

For reconstructions of Proto-Chocó and Proto-Emberá by Constenla and Margery (1991),[5] see the corresponding Spanish article.

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ a b c Jolkesky, Marcelo Pinho De Valhery. 2016. Estudo arqueo-ecolinguístico das terras tropicais sul-americanas. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Brasília.
  2. ^ Lehmann, W. (1920). Zentral-Amerika. Teil I. Die Sprachen Zentral-Amerikas in ihren Beziehungen zueinander sowie zu Süd-Amerika und Mexico. Berlin: Reimer.
  3. ^ Pache, Matthias J. 2016. Pumé (Yaruro) and Chocoan: Evidence for a New Genealogical Link in Northern South America. Language Dynamics and Change 6 (2016) 99–155. doi:10.1163/22105832-00601001
  4. ^ Loukotka, Čestmír (1968). Classification of South American Indian languages. Los Angeles: UCLA Latin American Center.
  5. ^ Constenla Umaña, Adolfo; Margery Peña, Enrique. (1991). Elementos de fonología comparada Chocó. Filología y lingüística, 17, 137-191.

Bibliography edit

  • Campbell, Lyle. (1997). American Indian languages: The historical linguistics of Native America. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-509427-1.
  • Constenla Umaña, Adolfo; & Margery Peña, Enrique. (1991). Elementos de fonología comparada Chocó. Filología y lingüística, 17, 137-191.
  • Greenberg, Joseph H. (1987). Language in the Americas. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
  • Gunn, Robert D. (Ed.). (1980). Claificación de los idiomas indígenas de Panamá, con un vocabulario comparativo de los mismos. Lenguas de Panamá (No. 7). Panama: Instituto Nacional de Cultura, Instituto Lingüístico de Verano.
  • Kaufman, Terrence. (1990). Language history in South America: What we know and how to know more. In D. L. Payne (Ed.), Amazonian linguistics: Studies in lowland South American languages (pp. 13–67). Austin: University of Texas Press. ISBN 0-292-70414-3.
  • Kaufman, Terrence. (1994). The native languages of South America. In C. Mosley & R. E. Asher (Eds.), Atlas of the world's languages (pp. 46–76). London: Routledge.
  • Loewen, Jacob. (1963). Choco I & Choco II. International Journal of American Linguistics, 29.
  • Licht, Daniel Aguirre. (1999). Embera. Languages of the world/materials 208. LINCOM.
  • Mortensen, Charles A. (1999). A reference grammar of the Northern Embera languages. Studies in the languages of Colombia (No.7); SIL publications in linguistics (No. 134). SIL.
  • Pinto García, C. (1974/1978). Los indios katíos: su cultura - su lengua. Medellín: Editorial Gran-América.
  • Rendón G., G. (2011). La lengua Umbra: Descubrimiento - Endolingüística - Arqueolingüística. Manizales: Zapata.
  • Rivet, Paul; & Loukotka, Cestmír. (1950). Langues d'Amêrique du sud et des Antilles. In A. Meillet & M. Cohen (Eds.), Les langues du monde (Vol. 2). Paris: Champion.
  • Sara, S. I. (2002). A tri-lingual dictionary of Emberá-English-Spanish. (Languages of the World/Dictionaries, 38). Munich: Lincom Europa.
  • Suárez, Jorge. (1974). South American Indian languages. The new Encyclopædia Britannica (15th ed.). Chicago: Encyclopædia Britannica.
  • Swadesh, Morris. (1959). Mapas de clasificación lingüística de México y las Américas. México: Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México.
  • Tovar, Antonio; & Larrucea de Tovar, Consuelo. (1984). Catálogo de las lenguas de América del Sur (nueva ed.). Madrid: Editorial Gedos. ISBN 84-249-0957-7.

External links edit

 
Wiktionary has a list of reconstructed forms at Appendix:Proto-Choco reconstructions
  • Proel: Familia Chocó

January 01, 1970
choco, languages, confused, with, xocó, language, also, chocoan, chocó, chokó, small, family, native, american, languages, spread, across, colombia, panama, chocoangeographicdistributioncolombia, panamalinguistic, classificationone, world, primary, language, f. Not to be confused with Xoco language The Choco languages also Chocoan Choco Choko are a small family of Native American languages spread across Colombia and Panama ChocoanGeographicdistributionColombia and PanamaLinguistic classificationOne of the world s primary language familiesSubdivisionsEmbera WaunanaGlottologchoc1280 Poet and politician Eduardo Cote Lamus on his journey in Rio San Juan Choco Colombia in 1958 with some of the people speaking Choco languages Contents 1 Family division 1 1 Jolkesky 2016 2 Language contact 3 Genetic relations 4 Vocabulary 5 Proto language 6 See also 7 References 8 Bibliography 9 External linksFamily division editChoco consists of six known branches all but two of which are extinct The Embera languages also known as Choco proper Cholo Noanama also known as Waunana Woun Meu Anserma Arma unattested Sinufana Cenufara Caramanta Anserma Arma and Sinufana are extinct The Embera group consists of two languages mainly in Colombia with over 60 000 speakers that lie within a fairly mutually intelligible dialect continuum Ethnologue divides this into six languages Kaufman 1994 considers the term Cholo to be vague and condescending Noanama has some 6 000 speakers on the Panama Colombia border Jolkesky 2016 edit Internal classification by Jolkesky 2016 1 extinct Choko Waunana Embera Southern Embera Baudo Embera Chami Epena Northern Embera Katio Embera DarienLanguage contact editJolkesky 2016 notes that there are lexical similarities with the Guahibo Kamsa Paez Tukano Witoto Okaina Yaruro Chibchan and Bora Muinane language families due to contact 1 Genetic links between Choco and Chibchan had been proposed by Lehmann 1920 2 However similarities are few some of which may be related to the adoption of maize cultivation from neighbors 1 324 Genetic relations editChoco has been included in a number of hypothetical phylum relationships within Morris Swadesh s Macro Leco Antonio Tovar Jorge A Suarez and Robert Gunn related to Cariban Cestmir Loukotka 1944 Southern Embera may be related to Paezan Noanama to Arawakan within Paul Rivet and Loukotka s 1950 Cariban Constenla Umana and Margery Pena may be related to Chibchan within Joseph Greenberg s Nuclear Paezan most closely related to Paezan and Barbacoan with Yaruro according to Pache 2016 3 Vocabulary editLoukotka 1968 lists the following basic vocabulary items for the Choco languages 4 gloss Sambu Choco Pr Citara Baudo Waunana Tado Saixa Chami Andagueda Catio Tukura N Gvera one haba aba aba aba haba aba abba abba aba two ome ume daonomi ume home ume omay tea unme three ompea umpia daonatup kimaris hompe umpea ompaya umbea unpia head poro poro achiporo puro boro tachi puro boro boro buru poru eye tau tau tabu tau daga tau tau dau tow dabu tabu tapu tooth kida kida kida kida xida kida chida chida man amoxina mukira umakira emokoida mukira mukina mugira mohuna mukira water pania pania pania pania do pania pania bania punea panea pania fire tibua tibua xemkavai tupuk tupu tubechua tubu sun pisia pisia umantago vesea edau vesea axonihino umata emwaiton humandayo ahumautu moon edexo edexo hidexo xedeko xedego edekoː atoni edexo heydaho xedeko xedeko hedeko maize pe pe paga pedeu pe pe be pe jaguar imama ibama ibama imama kuma pimama imama imama imama arrow enatruma haloma haloma sia chokiera umatruma sia ukida enentieraProto language editFor reconstructions of Proto Choco and Proto Embera by Constenla and Margery 1991 5 see the corresponding Spanish article See also editEmbera Wounaan who speak the Choco languages Embera and Wounaan Quimbaya languageReferences edit a b c Jolkesky Marcelo Pinho De Valhery 2016 Estudo arqueo ecolinguistico das terras tropicais sul americanas Ph D dissertation University of Brasilia Lehmann W 1920 Zentral Amerika Teil I Die Sprachen Zentral Amerikas in ihren Beziehungen zueinander sowie zu Sud Amerika und Mexico Berlin Reimer Pache Matthias J 2016 Pume Yaruro and Chocoan Evidence for a New Genealogical Link in Northern South America Language Dynamics and Change 6 2016 99 155 doi 10 1163 22105832 00601001 Loukotka Cestmir 1968 Classification of South American Indian languages Los Angeles UCLA Latin American Center Constenla Umana Adolfo Margery Pena Enrique 1991 Elementos de fonologia comparada Choco Filologia y linguistica 17 137 191 Bibliography editCampbell Lyle 1997 American Indian languages The historical linguistics of Native America New York Oxford University Press ISBN 0 19 509427 1 Constenla Umana Adolfo amp Margery Pena Enrique 1991 Elementos de fonologia comparada Choco Filologia y linguistica 17 137 191 Greenberg Joseph H 1987 Language in the Americas Stanford Stanford University Press Gunn Robert D Ed 1980 Claificacion de los idiomas indigenas de Panama con un vocabulario comparativo de los mismos Lenguas de Panama No 7 Panama Instituto Nacional de Cultura Instituto Linguistico de Verano Kaufman Terrence 1990 Language history in South America What we know and how to know more In D L Payne Ed Amazonian linguistics Studies in lowland South American languages pp 13 67 Austin University of Texas Press ISBN 0 292 70414 3 Kaufman Terrence 1994 The native languages of South America In C Mosley amp R E Asher Eds Atlas of the world s languages pp 46 76 London Routledge Loewen Jacob 1963 Choco I amp Choco II International Journal of American Linguistics 29 Licht Daniel Aguirre 1999 Embera Languages of the world materials 208 LINCOM Mortensen Charles A 1999 A reference grammar of the Northern Embera languages Studies in the languages of Colombia No 7 SIL publications in linguistics No 134 SIL Pinto Garcia C 1974 1978 Los indios katios su cultura su lengua Medellin Editorial Gran America Rendon G G 2011 La lengua Umbra Descubrimiento Endolinguistica Arqueolinguistica Manizales Zapata Rivet Paul amp Loukotka Cestmir 1950 Langues d Amerique du sud et des Antilles In A Meillet amp M Cohen Eds Les langues du monde Vol 2 Paris Champion Sara S I 2002 A tri lingual dictionary of Embera English Spanish Languages of the World Dictionaries 38 Munich Lincom Europa Suarez Jorge 1974 South American Indian languages The new Encyclopaedia Britannica 15th ed Chicago Encyclopaedia Britannica Swadesh Morris 1959 Mapas de clasificacion linguistica de Mexico y las Americas Mexico Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico Tovar Antonio amp Larrucea de Tovar Consuelo 1984 Catalogo de las lenguas de America del Sur nueva ed Madrid Editorial Gedos ISBN 84 249 0957 7 External links edit nbsp Wiktionary has a list of reconstructed forms at Appendix Proto Choco reconstructions Proel Familia Choco Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Choco languages amp oldid 1193890679, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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