Embera, Emperã, Empena, Eberã, Epena, etc. is the Embera word for 'human being' or 'man' and is used as the autonym by all speakers of varieties of Embera (though not by the related Wounaan). It is also sometimes used to refer to other indigenous people who are not of Emberá ethnicity.
Emberá is usually divided into at least two major groupings:
Northern Emberá
Southern Emberá
Each has a few regional varieties. These varieties are sometimes considered dialects but are actually distinct languages. The Archive of the Indigenous Languages of Latin America lists them as follows, along with alleged sub-varieties which may be places, extinct groups, or misspellings:
Ethnologue (2005, 2009) treats Tadó (*) as a separate language. A case can be made for classifying Baudó in the Northern Embera group. It has many features of both groups and is partially intelligible with the neighboring Northern Embera dialect as well as with Epena.
Bibliography
The archive of the indigenous languages of Latin America. (Web page: , accessed 2005, Dec. 27).
Aguirre Licht, Daniel. (1999). Embera. Languages of the World/materials 208. LINCOM. (in Spanish)
Campbell, Lyle. (1997). American Indian languages: The Historical Linguistics of Native America. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN0-19-509427-1.
Gunn, Robert D. (Ed.). (1980). Clasificación de los idiomas indígenas de Panamá, con un vocabulario comparativo de los mismos. Lenguas de Panamá (No. 7). Panama: Instituto Nacional de Cultura, Instituto Lingüístico de Verano. (in Spanish)
Kaufman, Terrence. (1994). The Native Languages of South America. In C. Mosley & R. E. Asher (Eds.), Atlas of the World's Languages (pp. 46–76). London: Routledge.
Loewen, Jacob. (1963). Choco I & Choco II. International Journal of American Linguistics, 29.
Mortensen, Charles A. (1999). A Reference Grammar of the Northern Embera languages. Studies in the Languages of Colombia (No.7); SIL Publications in Linguistics (No. 134). SIL.
Pardo Rojas, Mauricio y Aguirre, Daniel L. (1993). "Dialectología chocó". Biblioteca Ezequiel Uricoechea 11: 269-312. Bogotá: ICC. (in Spanish)
Sara, Solomon (2001). A Tri-Lingual Dictionary of Emberá-Spanish-English. Lincom Europa. ISBN3-89586-672-5
See also
Embera-Wounaan, who speak the Embera and Wounaan languages
References
^The Northern Embera variety is used in the movie "End of the Spear", where Embera people from Panama portray the Waodani people of Ecuador.
emberá, languages, emberá, also, known, chocó, dialect, continuum, spoken, people, northwestern, colombia, southeastern, panama, belongs, choco, language, family, emberáchocóethnicityemberá, peoplegeographicdistributioncolombia, panamanative, speakers100, 000l. Embera also known as Choco is a dialect continuum spoken by 100 000 people in northwestern Colombia and southeastern Panama It belongs to the Choco language family EmberaChocoEthnicityEmbera peopleGeographicdistributionColombia amp PanamaNative speakers100 000Linguistic classificationChocoanEmberaSubdivisionsNorthern SouthernGlottologembe1258Young Embera woman from Panama Embera Empera Empena Ebera Epena etc is the Embera word for human being or man and is used as the autonym by all speakers of varieties of Embera though not by the related Wounaan It is also sometimes used to refer to other indigenous people who are not of Embera ethnicity Contents 1 Languages and regional variation 2 Bibliography 3 See also 4 References 5 External linksLanguages and regional variation EditEmbera is usually divided into at least two major groupings Northern Embera Southern EmberaEach has a few regional varieties These varieties are sometimes considered dialects but are actually distinct languages The Archive of the Indigenous Languages of Latin America lists them as follows along with alleged sub varieties which may be places extinct groups or misspellings Northern Northern Antioquia Embera norteno Catio Katio Dabeiba Tukura Rio Verde upper Sinu Embera Katio Ngvera San Jorge Northern Embera Citara Northwest Embera West Embera 1 Darien Sambu Panama Embera Citara Atrato Andagueda Jurado Southern Chami Caramanta Embera Chami East Embera Southern Antioquia Tado Cristiania Upper Andagueda Mistrato Garrapatas Baudo Catru Dubasa Purricha Pavaja Eperara Epena Joaquincito Cajambre Naya Saija Tapaje SatingaEthnologue 2005 2009 treats Tado as a separate language A case can be made for classifying Baudo in the Northern Embera group It has many features of both groups and is partially intelligible with the neighboring Northern Embera dialect as well as with Epena Bibliography EditThe archive of the indigenous languages of Latin America Web page www ailla utexas org site sa lg tbl html accessed 2005 Dec 27 Aguirre Licht Daniel 1999 Embera Languages of the World materials 208 LINCOM in Spanish Campbell Lyle 1997 American Indian languages The Historical Linguistics of Native America New York Oxford University Press ISBN 0 19 509427 1 Gunn Robert D Ed 1980 Clasificacion de los idiomas indigenas de Panama con un vocabulario comparativo de los mismos Lenguas de Panama No 7 Panama Instituto Nacional de Cultura Instituto Linguistico de Verano in Spanish Kaufman Terrence 1994 The Native Languages of South America In C Mosley amp R E Asher Eds Atlas of the World s Languages pp 46 76 London Routledge Loewen Jacob 1963 Choco I amp Choco II International Journal of American Linguistics 29 Mortensen Charles A 1999 A Reference Grammar of the Northern Embera languages Studies in the Languages of Colombia No 7 SIL Publications in Linguistics No 134 SIL Pardo Rojas Mauricio y Aguirre Daniel L 1993 Dialectologia choco Biblioteca Ezequiel Uricoechea 11 269 312 Bogota ICC in Spanish Sara Solomon 2001 A Tri Lingual Dictionary of Embera Spanish English Lincom Europa ISBN 3 89586 672 5See also EditEmbera Wounaan who speak the Embera and Wounaan languagesReferences Edit The Northern Embera variety is used in the movie End of the Spear where Embera people from Panama portray the Waodani people of Ecuador External links EditAudio recordings of traditional narratives and myths in Embera with some Spanish translations part of the Embera Collection of Rachel Crandell at AILLA Embera Intercontinental Dictionary Series Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Embera languages amp oldid 1128879668, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
