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Ceto

October 17, 2023

This article is about the Greek deity. For minor planet, see 65489 Ceto. For other Greek mythology, see Ceto (Greek myth). For other uses, see Ceto (disambiguation).

Ceto (/ˈsiːtoʊ/; Ancient Greek: Κητώ, romanized: Kētṓ, lit. 'sea monster') is a primordial sea goddess in Greek mythology, the daughter of Pontus and his mother, Gaia. As a mythological figure, she is considered to be one of the most ancient deities, and bore a host of monstrous children fathered by Phorcys, another child of Gaia and Pontus. The small Solar System body 65489 Ceto was named after her, and its satellite after Phorcys.

Ceto
The goddess Ceto aiding her father Pontus in the mythological war known as the Gigantomachy — c. 166–156 BC — Gigantomachy Frieze, Pergamon Altar of Zeus
AbodeSea
Personal information
ParentsPontus and Gaia
SiblingsNereus, Thaumas, Phorcys and Eurybia
ConsortPhorcys
Childrenthe Gorgons, the Graeae, Echidna, Ladon

Ceto was also variously called Crataeis[citation needed] (Κράταιις, Krataiis, from "mighty") and Trienus[citation needed] (Τρίενος, Trienos, from "within three years"), and was occasionally conflated by scholars with the goddess Hecate (for whom Crataeis and Trienus are also epithets).

This goddess should not be confused with the minor Oceanid also named Ceto, or with various mythological beings referred to as ketos (plural kētē or ketea); this is a general term for "sea monster" in Ancient Greek.[1]

Family Edit

Besides Ceto, Gaia (Earth) and Pontus had four other offspring, Nereus, Thaumas, Phorcys and Eurybia.[2] Hesiod's Theogony lists the children of Ceto and Phorcys as the two Graiae: Pemphredo and Enyo, and the three Gorgons: Sthenno, Euryale, and Medusa,[3] with their last offspring being an unnamed serpent (later called Ladon, by Apollonius of Rhodes) who guards the golden apples.[4] Also according to Hesiod, the half-woman, half-snake Echidna was born to a "she" who was probably meant by Hesiod to be Ceto, (with Phorcys the likely father); however the "she" might instead refer to the Oceanid Callirhoe.[5] The mythographer Pherecydes of Athens (5th century BC) has Echidna as the daughter of Phorcys, without naming a mother.[6]

The mythographers Apollodorus and Hyginus, each name a third Graiae, as the offspring of Ceto and Phorcys, Dino and Persis respectively.[7] Apollodorus and Hyginus also make Ladon the offspring of Echidna and Typhon, rather than Ceto and Phorcys.[8]

The Scholiast on Apollonius Rhodius cites Phorcys and Ceto as the parents of the Hesperides, but this assertion is not repeated in other ancient sources.

Ceto is possibly the mother of the Nemean lion and the Sphinx by her grandson Orthrus.[9]

Homer refers to Thoosa, the mother of Polyphemus in the Odyssey, as a daughter of Phorcys, but does not indicate whether Ceto is her mother.

Cult Edit

Pliny the Elder mentions worship of "storied Ceto" at Joppa (now Jaffa), in a single reference, immediately after his mention of Andromeda, whom Perseus rescued from a sea-monster. S. Safrai and M. Stern suggest the possibility that someone at Joppa established a cult of the monster under the name Ceto. As an alternative explanation, they posit that Pliny or his source misread the name cetus—or that of the Syrian goddess Derceto.[10]

Notes Edit

  1. ^ "κῆτος" in Liddell, Henry and Robert Scott. 1996. A Greek-English Lexicon. Revised by H.S. Jones and R. McKenzie. Ninth edition, with revised supplement. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
  2. ^ Hard, p. 50; Hesiod, Theogony 233–339 (Most, pp. 21–23); Apollodorus 1.2.6.
  3. ^ Theogony 270–276 (Most, pp. 24, 25).
  4. ^ Theogony 333–336 (Most, pp. 28, 29); Apollonius of Rhodes, 4.1396.
  5. ^ Hesiod, Theogony 270-300. Though Herbert Jennings Rose says simply that it is "not clear which parents [for Echidna] are meant", Athanassakis, p. 44, says that Ceto and Phorcys are the "more likely candidates for parents". The problem arises from the ambiguous referent of the pronoun "she" in Theogony 295. While some have read this "she" as referring to Callirhoe (e.g. Smith s.v. Echidna; Morford, p. 162), according to Clay, p. 159 n. 32, "the modern scholarly consensus" reads Ceto, see for example Most, p. 27 n. 16 ("Probably Ceto"); Gantz, p. 22 ("Phorkys and Keto produce Echidna"); Caldwell, pp. 7, 46 lines 295–303 ("presumably Keto"); West, p. 249 line 295 ("probably Keto"); Grimal, s.v. Echidna ("Phorcys and Ceto").
  6. ^ Pherecydes, fr. 7 Fowler = FGrHist 3 F 7 (Fowler, p. 278); Hošek, p. 678.
  7. ^ Apollodorus 2.4.2; Hyginus, Fabulae Preface § p.9.
  8. ^ Apollodorus 2.5.11; Hyginus, Fabulae Preface § p.35, 151.
  9. ^ Hesiod, Theogony 326–327. Who is meant as the mother is unclear, the problem arising from the ambiguous referent of the pronoun "she" in line 326 of the Theogony, see Clay, p.159, note 34
  10. ^ Colitur illic fabulosa Ceto. Pliny, Book 5, chapter 14, §69; this same paragraph will be referred to as v.14, v.69, V.xiv.69; and v.13 (one of the chapter divisions is missing in some MSS). For Ceto as a transferred name, see Rackham's Loeb translation; for emendations, see The Jewish people in the first century. Historical geography, political history, social, cultural and religious life and institutions. Ed. by S. Safrai and M. Stern in co-operation with D. Flusser and W. C. van Unnik, Vol II, p. 1081, and Oldfather's translation of Pliny (Derceto).

References Edit

  • Athanassakis, Apostolos N, Hesiod: Theogony, Works and days, Shield, JHU Press, 2004. ISBN 978-0-8018-7984-5.
  • Apollodorus, The Library with an English Translation by Sir James George Frazer, F.B.A., F.R.S. in 2 Volumes, Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann Ltd. 1921. ISBN 0-674-99135-4. Online version at the Perseus Digital Library. Greek text available from the same website.
  • Apollonius of Rhodes, Argonautica, edited and translated by William H. Race, Loeb Classical Library No. 1, Cambridge, Massachusetts, Harvard University Press, 2009. ISBN 978-0-674-99630-4. Online version at Harvard University Press.
  • Caldwell, Richard, Hesiod's Theogony, Focus Publishing/R. Pullins Company (June 1, 1987). ISBN 978-0-941051-00-2.
  • Clay, Jenny Strauss, Hesiod's Cosmos, Cambridge University Press, 2003. ISBN 978-0-521-82392-0.
  • Fowler, R. L., Early Greek Mythography: Volume 1: Text and Introduction, Oxford University Press, 2000. ISBN 978-0198147404.
  • Hyginus, Gaius Julius, Fabulae, in The Myths of Hyginus, edited and translated by Mary A. Grant, Lawrence: University of Kansas Press, 1960. Online version at ToposText.
  • Gantz, Timothy, Early Greek Myth: A Guide to Literary and Artistic Sources, Johns Hopkins University Press, 1996, Two volumes: ISBN 978-0-8018-5360-9 (Vol. 1), ISBN 978-0-8018-5362-3 (Vol. 2).
  • Grimal, Pierre, The Dictionary of Classical Mythology, Wiley-Blackwell, 1996, ISBN 978-0-631-20102-1.
  • Hard, Robin (2004), The Routledge Handbook of Greek Mythology: Based on H.J. Rose's "Handbook of Greek Mythology", Psychology Press, 2004, ISBN 9780415186360. Google Books.
  • Hesiod, Theogony from The Homeric Hymns and Homerica with an English Translation by Hugh G. Evelyn-White, Cambridge, MA.,Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann Ltd. 1914. Online version at the Perseus Digital Library. Greek text available from the same website.
  • Homer, The Odyssey with an English Translation by A.T. Murray, PH.D. in two volumes. Cambridge, MA., Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann, Ltd. 1919. ISBN 978-0674995611. Online version at the Perseus Digital Library. Greek text available from the same website.
  • Morford, Mark P. O., Robert J. Lenardon, Classical Mythology, Eighth Edition, Oxford University Press, 2007. ISBN 978-0-19-530805-1.
  • Most, G.W., Hesiod, Theogony, Works and Days, Testimonia, Edited and translated by Glenn W. Most, Loeb Classical Library No. 57, Cambridge, Massachusetts, Harvard University Press, 2018. ISBN 978-0-674-99720-2. Online version at Harvard University Press.
  • Rose, Herbert Jennings, "Echidna" in The Oxford Classical Dictionary, Hammond and Scullard (editors), Second Edition, Oxford University Press, 1992. ISBN 0-19-869117-3
  • Smith, William, Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, London (1873).
  • West, M. L., Hesiod: Theogony, Oxford University Press.

Further reading Edit

  • Aken, Dr. A.R.A. van. (1961). Elseviers Mythologische Encyclopedie. Amsterdam: Elsevier.
  • Bartelink, Dr. G.J.M. (1988). Prisma van de mythologie. Utrecht: Het Spectrum.

October 17, 2023
ceto, this, article, about, greek, deity, minor, planet, 65489, other, greek, mythology, greek, myth, other, uses, disambiguation, ancient, greek, Κητώ, romanized, kētṓ, monster, primordial, goddess, greek, mythology, daughter, pontus, mother, gaia, mythologic. This article is about the Greek deity For minor planet see 65489 Ceto For other Greek mythology see Ceto Greek myth For other uses see Ceto disambiguation Ceto ˈ s iː t oʊ Ancient Greek Khtw romanized Ketṓ lit sea monster is a primordial sea goddess in Greek mythology the daughter of Pontus and his mother Gaia As a mythological figure she is considered to be one of the most ancient deities and bore a host of monstrous children fathered by Phorcys another child of Gaia and Pontus The small Solar System body 65489 Ceto was named after her and its satellite after Phorcys CetoSea goddessThe goddess Ceto aiding her father Pontus in the mythological war known as the Gigantomachy c 166 156 BC Gigantomachy Frieze Pergamon Altar of ZeusAbodeSeaPersonal informationParentsPontus and GaiaSiblingsNereus Thaumas Phorcys and EurybiaConsortPhorcysChildrenthe Gorgons the Graeae Echidna LadonCeto was also variously called Crataeis citation needed Krataiis Krataiis from krataiis mighty and Trienus citation needed Trienos Trienos from trienos within three years and was occasionally conflated by scholars with the goddess Hecate for whom Crataeis and Trienus are also epithets This goddess should not be confused with the minor Oceanid also named Ceto or with various mythological beings referred to as ketos plural kete or ketea this is a general term for sea monster in Ancient Greek 1 Contents 1 Family 2 Cult 3 Notes 4 References 5 Further readingFamily EditBesides Ceto Gaia Earth and Pontus had four other offspring Nereus Thaumas Phorcys and Eurybia 2 Hesiod s Theogony lists the children of Ceto and Phorcys as the two Graiae Pemphredo and Enyo and the three Gorgons Sthenno Euryale and Medusa 3 with their last offspring being an unnamed serpent later called Ladon by Apollonius of Rhodes who guards the golden apples 4 Also according to Hesiod the half woman half snake Echidna was born to a she who was probably meant by Hesiod to be Ceto with Phorcys the likely father however the she might instead refer to the Oceanid Callirhoe 5 The mythographer Pherecydes of Athens 5th century BC has Echidna as the daughter of Phorcys without naming a mother 6 The mythographers Apollodorus and Hyginus each name a third Graiae as the offspring of Ceto and Phorcys Dino and Persis respectively 7 Apollodorus and Hyginus also make Ladon the offspring of Echidna and Typhon rather than Ceto and Phorcys 8 The Scholiast on Apollonius Rhodius cites Phorcys and Ceto as the parents of the Hesperides but this assertion is not repeated in other ancient sources Ceto is possibly the mother of the Nemean lion and the Sphinx by her grandson Orthrus 9 Homer refers to Thoosa the mother of Polyphemus in the Odyssey as a daughter of Phorcys but does not indicate whether Ceto is her mother Cult EditPliny the Elder mentions worship of storied Ceto at Joppa now Jaffa in a single reference immediately after his mention of Andromeda whom Perseus rescued from a sea monster S Safrai and M Stern suggest the possibility that someone at Joppa established a cult of the monster under the name Ceto As an alternative explanation they posit that Pliny or his source misread the name cetus or that of the Syrian goddess Derceto 10 Notes Edit kῆtos in Liddell Henry and Robert Scott 1996 A Greek English Lexicon Revised by H S Jones and R McKenzie Ninth edition with revised supplement Oxford Clarendon Press Hard p 50 Hesiod Theogony 233 339 Most pp 21 23 Apollodorus 1 2 6 Theogony 270 276 Most pp 24 25 Theogony 333 336 Most pp 28 29 Apollonius of Rhodes 4 1396 Hesiod Theogony 270 300 Though Herbert Jennings Rose says simply that it is not clear which parents for Echidna are meant Athanassakis p 44 says that Ceto and Phorcys are the more likely candidates for parents The problem arises from the ambiguous referent of the pronoun she in Theogony 295 While some have read this she as referring to Callirhoe e g Smith s v Echidna Morford p 162 according to Clay p 159 n 32 the modern scholarly consensus reads Ceto see for example Most p 27 n 16 Probably Ceto Gantz p 22 Phorkys and Keto produce Echidna Caldwell pp 7 46 lines 295 303 presumably Keto West p 249 line 295 probably Keto Grimal s v Echidna Phorcys and Ceto Pherecydes fr 7 Fowler FGrHist 3 F 7 Fowler p 278 Hosek p 678 Apollodorus 2 4 2 Hyginus Fabulae Preface p 9 Apollodorus 2 5 11 Hyginus Fabulae Preface p 35 151 Hesiod Theogony 326 327 Who is meant as the mother is unclear the problem arising from the ambiguous referent of the pronoun she in line 326 of the Theogony see Clay p 159 note 34 Colitur illic fabulosa Ceto Pliny Book 5 chapter 14 69 this same paragraph will be referred to as v 14 v 69 V xiv 69 and v 13 one of the chapter divisions is missing in some MSS For Ceto as a transferred name see Rackham s Loeb translation for emendations see The Jewish people in the first century Historical geography political history social cultural and religious life and institutions Ed by S Safrai and M Stern in co operation with D Flusser and W C van Unnik Vol II p 1081 and Oldfather s translation of Pliny Derceto References EditAthanassakis Apostolos N Hesiod Theogony Works and days Shield JHU Press 2004 ISBN 978 0 8018 7984 5 Apollodorus The Library with an English Translation by Sir James George Frazer F B A F R S in 2 Volumes Cambridge MA Harvard University Press London William Heinemann Ltd 1921 ISBN 0 674 99135 4 Online version at the Perseus Digital Library Greek text available from the same website Apollonius of Rhodes Argonautica edited and translated by William H Race Loeb Classical Library No 1 Cambridge Massachusetts Harvard University Press 2009 ISBN 978 0 674 99630 4 Online version at Harvard University Press Caldwell Richard Hesiod s Theogony Focus Publishing R Pullins Company June 1 1987 ISBN 978 0 941051 00 2 Clay Jenny Strauss Hesiod s Cosmos Cambridge University Press 2003 ISBN 978 0 521 82392 0 Fowler R L Early Greek Mythography Volume 1 Text and Introduction Oxford University Press 2000 ISBN 978 0198147404 Hyginus Gaius Julius Fabulae in The Myths of Hyginus edited and translated by Mary A Grant Lawrence University of Kansas Press 1960 Online version at ToposText Gantz Timothy Early Greek Myth A Guide to Literary and Artistic Sources Johns Hopkins University Press 1996 Two volumes ISBN 978 0 8018 5360 9 Vol 1 ISBN 978 0 8018 5362 3 Vol 2 Grimal Pierre The Dictionary of Classical Mythology Wiley Blackwell 1996 ISBN 978 0 631 20102 1 Hard Robin 2004 The Routledge Handbook of Greek Mythology Based on H J Rose s Handbook of Greek Mythology Psychology Press 2004 ISBN 9780415186360 Google Books Hesiod Theogony from The Homeric Hymns and Homerica with an English Translation by Hugh G Evelyn White Cambridge MA Harvard University Press London William Heinemann Ltd 1914 Online version at the Perseus Digital Library Greek text available from the same website Homer The Odyssey with an English Translation by A T Murray PH D in two volumes Cambridge MA Harvard University Press London William Heinemann Ltd 1919 ISBN 978 0674995611 Online version at the Perseus Digital Library Greek text available from the same website Morford Mark P O Robert J Lenardon Classical Mythology Eighth Edition Oxford University Press 2007 ISBN 978 0 19 530805 1 Most G W Hesiod Theogony Works and Days Testimonia Edited and translated by Glenn W Most Loeb Classical Library No 57 Cambridge Massachusetts Harvard University Press 2018 ISBN 978 0 674 99720 2 Online version at Harvard University Press Rose Herbert Jennings Echidna in The Oxford Classical Dictionary Hammond and Scullard editors Second Edition Oxford University Press 1992 ISBN 0 19 869117 3 Smith William Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology London 1873 West M L Hesiod Theogony Oxford University Press Further reading EditAken Dr A R A van 1961 Elseviers Mythologische Encyclopedie Amsterdam Elsevier Bartelink Dr G J M 1988 Prisma van de mythologie Utrecht Het Spectrum Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Ceto amp oldid 1167109906, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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