Cepola macrophthalma is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the familyCepolidae, the bandfishes. It is found in the eastern Atlantic and Mediterranean from Senegal north to the British Isles. This species is known as the red bandfish, though this name is also given to other members of the genus Cepola.
Cepola macrophthalma was first formally described as Ophidion macrophthalmum in 1758 by Carl Linnaeus with the type locality given as Algiers.[3] In 1764 Linnaeus described the genus Cepola with O. macrophthalmum as its type species by monotypy.[4] The specific name, macrophthalma is a compound of macro meaning "large" and ophthalmus which means "eyed", a reference to the large eyes which are larger than a third of the length of the head.[5]
Distribution
It is found on the coast and inner continental shelf of the eastern Atlantic between northern Senegal and Scotland and the Mediterranean west of the Aegean Sea and the Nile Delta.[2] It can be found on sandy and muddy ocean bottoms at depths of between 10 and 400 metres (33 and 1,312 ft).[2][6]
Description
Cepola macrophthalma has a thin, ribbon-like body, which tapers to a pointed tail. It is red in color, with an orange or yellow underside. It has large, silvery eyes. Its dorsal and anal fins stretch the length of its body and are connected to the caudal fin by a membrane creating an almost continuous fin. It has a large mouth, at an oblique angle, with thin, glassy, widely spaced teeth.[2]
These fish are highly variable in length, but an average length is 40.0 cm total length (15.7 in). The maximum length recorded for this species is 80.0 cm total length (31.5 in).[2] Taxonomic distinguishing features include 67–70 dorsal fin soft rays, 60 anal fin soft rays, two unsegmented dorsal fin rays, and a caudal fin with long median rays free at the tips.[2]
Ecology and behavior
Little was known of the behavior of this species until a population was discovered off the coast of the island of Lundy off the coast of Devon. Since then, many studies have been conducted on the population there, and on captive fish from Lundy.[6] The population at Lundy once comprised around 14,000 individuals, but numbers have dropped severely, despite a ban on fishing in Lundy's waters.[7][8]
These fish are burrowers, and they feed largely like garden eels, sticking their bodies out of their burrows to catch zooplankton. Unlike garden eels, they are not fixed in their burrows, but can move about both inside their burrows and in the open.[6] Their burrows have funnel-shaped openings, due to the large quantities of sediments they displace to construct their burrows, and they consist largely of single elliptical vertical shafts with a chamber at the bottom. The burrows reach depths of up to 1 metre (39 in), and 49 centimetres (19 in) is considered to be typical.[6] Bandfish excavate and maintain their burrows at dawn or dusk, with their mouth, and by pushing mud about with their body. They displace about three litres (three quarters of a gallon) of mud and sand in the excavation of a single burrow, and they take around six hours to construct their burrows.[6] Their burrows often connect with those of the crab Goneplax rhomboides and other burrowing fish and crustaceans, and these associations may be deliberate.[9]
Bandfish are an important part of the diets of many oceanic predators, especially John Dories,[10] but also other fish, common dolphins[11] and the musky octopus, Eledone moschata.[12] Bandfish may have taken up an ecological niche burrowing and eating zooplakton due to strong pressures from predators.[13]
As food
Historically, this species was an important food fish. The earliest recorded recipe, by the Greek cook Mithaecus, was for this species.[14]Andrew Dalby translated it as follows:
Tainia: gut, discard the head, rinse, slice; add cheese and oil.[15]
Tainia was the name by which the ancient Greeks called Cepola macrophthalma, and the oil was olive oil.[15] In modern times the species is of a lesser importance. In some countries (such as Italy and Spain) it is still consumed, but in others (such as Greece) it is generally discarded when caught by fishermen trying to catch more desirable species.[16] The fish is prized by British deep-sea anglers, and poaching by anglers is a major threat to the population at Lundy.[7]
At the market in Italy in the 2019; Fiammette is the common name
References
^Smith-Vaniz, W.F. (2015). "Cepola macrophthalma". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T198649A15540075. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T198649A15540075.en. Retrieved 17 August 2021.
^ abcdefFroese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.) (2021). "Cepola macrophthalma" in FishBase. June 2021 version.
^Christopher Scharpf & Kenneth J. Lazara, eds. (3 September 2020). "Order Priacanthiformes: Families Priacanthidae and Cepolidae". The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database. Christopher Scharpf and Kenneth J. Lazara. Retrieved 17 August 2021.
^ abcdeAtkinson, R. J. A.; Pullin, R. S. (1996). "Observations on the Burrows and Burrowing Behaviour of the Red Band-Fish, Cepola rubescens L.". Marine Ecology. 17 (1–3): 23–40. doi:10.1111/j.1439-0485.1996.tb00487.x.
^ abPope, Frank (6 December 2008). "Lundy's S.O.S: a blueprint for sustainable fishing?". The Times. Retrieved 21 November 2009.
^. Where I Live. BBC Devon. 9 October 2003. Archived from the original on 22 October 2011. Retrieved 22 November 2009.
^United Kingdom Marine Special Areas of Conservation. "Interactions between megafaunal burrowers". Community ecology: interactions between species. Retrieved 22 November 2009.
^Stergiou, K. I.; Fourtouni, H. (1991). (PDF). Journal of Fish Biology. 39 (4): 589–603. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8649.1991.tb04389.x. Archived from the original (PDF) on 21 July 2011. Retrieved 3 November 2009.
^Şen, Halil (2007). "Food Preference of Eledone moschata Lamarck, 1799 (Cephalopoda: Octopodidae) in Captive Conditions" (PDF). International Journal of Natural and Engineering Sciences. 1 (2): 29–31. Retrieved 22 November 2009.[dead link]
^Stergiou, K. I.; Kokan, Bože; Vrgoč, Nedo; Glamuzina, Branko; Conides, Alexis J.; Skaramuca, Boško (1993). "Abundance-depth relationship, condition factor, and adaptive value of zooplanktonophagy for red bandfish, Cepola macrophthalma". Journal of Fish Biology. 42 (3): 645–660. doi:10.1111/j.1439-0426.2007.01047.x.
^Dalby, Andrew (1996). Siren Feasts. Abingdon, Oxon, England: Routledge. pp. 109–110. ISBN978-0-415-15657-8.
^ abDalby, Andrew (2003). Food in the ancient world from A to Z. Abingdon, Oxfordshire, England: Routledge. pp. 79, 220. ISBN978-0-415-23259-3.
^Stergiou, K. I.; Economidis, P.; Sinis, A. (1992). "Age, growth, and mortality of red bandfish, Cepola macrophthalma (L.), in the western Aegean Sea (Greece)". Journal of Fish Biology. 40 (3): 395–418. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8649.1992.tb02586.x.
External links
Can fishes build things? (PDF)
January 09, 2023
cepola, macrophthalma, species, marine, finned, fish, belonging, family, cepolidae, bandfishes, found, eastern, atlantic, mediterranean, from, senegal, north, british, isles, this, species, known, bandfish, though, this, name, also, given, other, members, genu. Cepola macrophthalma is a species of marine ray finned fish belonging to the family Cepolidae the bandfishes It is found in the eastern Atlantic and Mediterranean from Senegal north to the British Isles This species is known as the red bandfish though this name is also given to other members of the genus Cepola Cepola macrophthalmaConservation statusLeast Concern IUCN 3 1 1 Scientific classificationKingdom AnimaliaPhylum ChordataClass ActinopterygiiOrder PerciformesFamily CepolidaeGenus CepolaSpecies C macrophthalmaBinomial nameCepola macrophthalma Linnaeus 1758 Distribution of Cepola macrophthalmadark blue common light blue uncommonSynonyms 2 Ophidion macrophthalmum Linnaeus 1758 Cepola rubescens Linnaeus 1758 Cepola taenia Linnaeus 1766 Cepola serpentiformis Lacepede 1800 Cepola marginata Rafinesque 1810 Cepola longicauda Swainson 1839 Cepola truncata Swainson 1839 Cepola jugularis Swainson 1839 Cepola gigas Swainson 1839 Cepola attentuata Swainson 1839 Cepola novemradiata Swainson 1839 Contents 1 Taxonomy 2 Distribution 3 Description 4 Ecology and behavior 5 As food 6 References 7 External linksTaxonomy EditCepola macrophthalma was first formally described as Ophidion macrophthalmum in 1758 by Carl Linnaeus with the type locality given as Algiers 3 In 1764 Linnaeus described the genus Cepola with O macrophthalmum as its type species by monotypy 4 The specific name macrophthalma is a compound of macro meaning large and ophthalmus which means eyed a reference to the large eyes which are larger than a third of the length of the head 5 Distribution EditIt is found on the coast and inner continental shelf of the eastern Atlantic between northern Senegal and Scotland and the Mediterranean west of the Aegean Sea and the Nile Delta 2 It can be found on sandy and muddy ocean bottoms at depths of between 10 and 400 metres 33 and 1 312 ft 2 6 Description EditCepola macrophthalma has a thin ribbon like body which tapers to a pointed tail It is red in color with an orange or yellow underside It has large silvery eyes Its dorsal and anal fins stretch the length of its body and are connected to the caudal fin by a membrane creating an almost continuous fin It has a large mouth at an oblique angle with thin glassy widely spaced teeth 2 These fish are highly variable in length but an average length is 40 0 cm total length 15 7 in The maximum length recorded for this species is 80 0 cm total length 31 5 in 2 Taxonomic distinguishing features include 67 70 dorsal fin soft rays 60 anal fin soft rays two unsegmented dorsal fin rays and a caudal fin with long median rays free at the tips 2 Ecology and behavior EditLittle was known of the behavior of this species until a population was discovered off the coast of the island of Lundy off the coast of Devon Since then many studies have been conducted on the population there and on captive fish from Lundy 6 The population at Lundy once comprised around 14 000 individuals but numbers have dropped severely despite a ban on fishing in Lundy s waters 7 8 These fish are burrowers and they feed largely like garden eels sticking their bodies out of their burrows to catch zooplankton Unlike garden eels they are not fixed in their burrows but can move about both inside their burrows and in the open 6 Their burrows have funnel shaped openings due to the large quantities of sediments they displace to construct their burrows and they consist largely of single elliptical vertical shafts with a chamber at the bottom The burrows reach depths of up to 1 metre 39 in and 49 centimetres 19 in is considered to be typical 6 Bandfish excavate and maintain their burrows at dawn or dusk with their mouth and by pushing mud about with their body They displace about three litres three quarters of a gallon of mud and sand in the excavation of a single burrow and they take around six hours to construct their burrows 6 Their burrows often connect with those of the crab Goneplax rhomboides and other burrowing fish and crustaceans and these associations may be deliberate 9 Bandfish are an important part of the diets of many oceanic predators especially John Dories 10 but also other fish common dolphins 11 and the musky octopus Eledone moschata 12 Bandfish may have taken up an ecological niche burrowing and eating zooplakton due to strong pressures from predators 13 As food EditHistorically this species was an important food fish The earliest recorded recipe by the Greek cook Mithaecus was for this species 14 Andrew Dalby translated it as follows Tainia gut discard the head rinse slice add cheese and oil 15 Tainia was the name by which the ancient Greeks called Cepola macrophthalma and the oil was olive oil 15 In modern times the species is of a lesser importance In some countries such as Italy and Spain it is still consumed but in others such as Greece it is generally discarded when caught by fishermen trying to catch more desirable species 16 The fish is prized by British deep sea anglers and poaching by anglers is a major threat to the population at Lundy 7 At the market in Italy in the 2019 Fiammette is the common nameReferences Edit Smith Vaniz W F 2015 Cepola macrophthalma IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2015 e T198649A15540075 doi 10 2305 IUCN UK 2015 4 RLTS T198649A15540075 en Retrieved 17 August 2021 a b c d e f Froese Rainer Pauly Daniel eds 2021 Cepola macrophthalma in FishBase June 2021 version Eschmeyer William N Fricke Ron amp van der Laan Richard eds Species in the genus Cepola Catalog of Fishes California Academy of Sciences Retrieved 17 August 2021 Eschmeyer William N Fricke Ron amp van der Laan Richard eds Genera in the family Cepolidae Catalog of Fishes California Academy of Sciences Retrieved 17 August 2021 Christopher Scharpf amp Kenneth J Lazara eds 3 September 2020 Order Priacanthiformes Families Priacanthidae and Cepolidae The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database Christopher Scharpf and Kenneth J Lazara Retrieved 17 August 2021 a b c d e Atkinson R J A Pullin R S 1996 Observations on the Burrows and Burrowing Behaviour of the Red Band Fish Cepola rubescens L Marine Ecology 17 1 3 23 40 doi 10 1111 j 1439 0485 1996 tb00487 x a b Pope Frank 6 December 2008 Lundy s S O S a blueprint for sustainable fishing The Times Retrieved 21 November 2009 Getting a close up look of Lundy s sealife Where I Live BBC Devon 9 October 2003 Archived from the original on 22 October 2011 Retrieved 22 November 2009 United Kingdom Marine Special Areas of Conservation Interactions between megafaunal burrowers Community ecology interactions between species Retrieved 22 November 2009 Stergiou K I Fourtouni H 1991 Food habits ontogenetic diet shift and selectivity in Zeus faber Linnaeus 1758 PDF Journal of Fish Biology 39 4 589 603 doi 10 1111 j 1095 8649 1991 tb04389 x Archived from the original PDF on 21 July 2011 Retrieved 3 November 2009 Silva M A 1999 Diet of common dolphins Delphinus delphis off the Portuguese continental coast PDF Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 79 3 531 540 doi 10 1017 S0025315498000654 Archived from the original PDF on 27 September 2011 Retrieved 3 November 2009 Sen Halil 2007 Food Preference of Eledone moschata Lamarck 1799 Cephalopoda Octopodidae in Captive Conditions PDF International Journal of Natural and Engineering Sciences 1 2 29 31 Retrieved 22 November 2009 dead link Stergiou K I Kokan Boze Vrgoc Nedo Glamuzina Branko Conides Alexis J Skaramuca Bosko 1993 Abundance depth relationship condition factor and adaptive value of zooplanktonophagy for red bandfish Cepola macrophthalma Journal of Fish Biology 42 3 645 660 doi 10 1111 j 1439 0426 2007 01047 x Dalby Andrew 1996 Siren Feasts Abingdon Oxon England Routledge pp 109 110 ISBN 978 0 415 15657 8 a b Dalby Andrew 2003 Food in the ancient world from A to Z Abingdon Oxfordshire England Routledge pp 79 220 ISBN 978 0 415 23259 3 Stergiou K I Economidis P Sinis A 1992 Age growth and mortality of red bandfish Cepola macrophthalma L in the western Aegean Sea Greece Journal of Fish Biology 40 3 395 418 doi 10 1111 j 1095 8649 1992 tb02586 x External links EditCan fishes build things PDF Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Cepola macrophthalma amp oldid 1039230759, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
