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Pierre Soulages

Pierre Jean Louis Germain Soulages (French: [sulaʒ]; 24 December 1919 – 25 October 2022) was a French painter, printmaker, and sculptor. In 2014, President François Hollande of France described him as "the world's greatest living artist."[1] His works are held by leading museums of the world, and there is a museum dedicated to his art in his hometown of Rodez.

Pierre Soulages
Soulages in 2019
Born
Pierre Jean Louis Germain Soulages

(1919-12-24)24 December 1919
Rodez, France
Died25 October 2022(2022-10-25) (aged 102)
Nîmes, France
OccupationPainter
Spouse
Colette Llaurens
(m. 1942)
Awards

Soulages is known as "the painter of black", owing to his interest in the colour "both as a colour and a non-colour. When light is reflected on black, it transforms and transmutes it. It opens a mental field all its own." He saw light as a work material; striations of the black surface of his paintings enable him to reflect light, allowing the black to come out of darkness and into brightness, thus becoming a luminous colour.[2][3]

Soulages produced 104 stained-glass windows for the Romanesque architecture of the Abbey Church of Sainte-Foy in Conques from 1987 to 1994. He received international awards, and the Louvre in Paris held a retrospective of his works on the occasion of his centenary.

Early life and family Edit

Soulages was born in Rodez, Aveyron, on 24 December 1919.[4][5] His father, Amans, was a carriage maker who ran a hunting and fishing shop. He died when Pierre was age five.[4] Pierre was raised by his older sister Antoinette and their mother, Aglaé Zoé Julie (Corp) Soulages.[6] As a child, he was interested in the area's menhirs,[4] in Celtic carvings in the local museum, and also in the Romanesque architecture of the Abbey Church of Sainte-Foy in Conques. He dressed in all black, and his mother disliked it.[7]

Early career Edit

Inspired by the art of Paul Cézanne and Pablo Picasso, Soulages began studies at the École nationale supérieure des beaux-arts in Paris, but soon dropped out because he was disappointed by the traditional style.[8]

After wartime military service, he studied further at the Fine Arts School of Montpellier.[7] He opened a studio in Courbevoie, Paris, painting in "complete abstraction", with black as the dominant colour, and experimenting with walnut oil.[7] His first exhibition was at the Salon des Indépendants in 1947.[3][8][9] He also worked as a designer of stage sets. He exhibited at the Venice Biennale in 1954,[3] and in New York City the same year,[10] gaining recognition in the United States. Betty Parsons Gallery showed his work in New York in 1949.[6] In 1950, Leo Castelli organized an exhibition at Sidney Janis.[6] In 1954 Soulages began showing at Samuel Kootz.[6] His works were included in the two major exhibitions of European artists, Younger European Painters at the Solomon R Guggenheim Museum (1953) and The New Decade: 22 European Painters and Sculptors at the Museum of Modern Art (1955) in New York.[10] In 1979, Soulages was made a Foreign Honorary Member of the American Academy of Arts and Letters.[11]

Later career Edit

From 1987 to 1994, he produced 104 stained-glass windows for the Abbey of Sainte-Foy in Conques,[12] prepared by around 700 tests at a small factory near Münster, Germany.[7] A gallerist reflected the windows in the context of his paintings:

He studied the way that light wouldn't cross through the stained glass, but would be fractionally fragmented, exploded through the stained glass. So when you are in Conques and you see the light coming through these stained-glass panels, how the light hits the glass and then comes in and the harmonious explosion inside the church, it's beyond religious. And that's what he was trying to achieve with his black paintings, to capture whatever you give them, but they're reflected in a completely independent way. It puts you in front of the void, in front of fullness and emptiness, in front of strength and vulnerability. It has this tension, and that is what it was to know Soulages.[7]

Soulages was the first living artist to have been invited to exhibit at the state Hermitage Museum of St. Petersburg and later with the Tretyakov Gallery of Moscow (2001).[13]

In 2007, the Musée Fabre of Montpellier devoted an entire room to Soulages, presenting a donation he made to the city. It included twenty paintings dating from 1951 to 2006, among which were major works from the 1960s, two large "plus-black" works from the 1970s, and several large polyptychs. A retrospective was held at the Centre National d'Art et de Culture Georges Pompidou from October 2009 to March 2010. In 2010, the Museum of Mexico City presented a retrospective of paintings that also included an interview-video with the artist.[11]

In 2014, the Musée Soulages opened in Soulages' hometown of Rodez, as a place to permanently display his works and to house temporary contemporary exhibitions.[1] Soulages and his wife donated 900 works.[2][14] The paintings represent all stages of his work, from post-war oils to a phase of work he calls Outrenoir. It was the most complete display of work from his first 30 years.[15] Some space in the museum is always reserved for exhibitions of other contemoprary artists, as Soulages had wanted from the beginning.[9]

In 2014, Soulages presented fourteen recent works in his first American exhibition in 10 years, at Dominique Lévy and Galerie Perrotin, New York. In September 2019, the Lévy Gorvy Gallery in New York held a major exhibition[16] ahead of the retrospective at the Louvre Museum in December celebrating his 100th birthday.[17]

On 17 November 2021, his Peinture 195 x 130 cm, 4 août 1961, was auctioned for $20.2M, an auction record for the artist.[7]

Artistic practice Edit

 
17 December 1966 (1966), Honolulu Museum of Art

Soulages said, "My instrument is not black but the light reflected from the black."[18] Naming his own practice Outrenoir, (Beyond Black) the paintings he produces are known for their endless black depth, created by playing with the light reflected off of the texture of the paint. Knowing that he needed a new term to define the way that he worked, Soulages invented 'Outrenoir' to define his practice. Not having a translation into English, the closest meaning is 'beyond black'; in a 2014 interview he explained the definition of the term, "Outrenoir doesn't exist in English; the closest is "beyond black." In French, you say "outre-Manche," "beyond the Channel," to mean England or "outre-Rhin," "beyond the Rhine," to mean Germany. In other words, "beyond black" is a different country from black."[19]

The infatuation Soulages had with black began long before his investigations with 'Outrenoir' at the age of 60.[20] Initially inspired by his interest in the prehistoric [19] and his want of retreating to something more pure, primal and deliberately stripped of any other connotations, he says of his fascination with the colour, "during thousands of years, men went underground, in the absolute black of grottoes, to paint with black."[20] "I made these because I found that the light reflected by the black surface elicits certain emotions in me. These aren't monochromes. The fact that light can come from the colour which is supposedly the absence of light is already quite moving, and it is interesting to see how this happens."[19]

Applying the paint in thick layers, Soulages' painting technique includes using objects such as spoons, tiny rakes and bits of rubber to work away at the painting, often making scraping, digging or etching movements depending on whether he wants to evoke a smooth or rough surface. The texture that is then produced either absorbs or rejects light, breaking up the surface of the painting by disrupting the uniformity of the black.[21][22] He often used bold cuts in vertical and horizontal lines, the crevasses and forms created by using angles and contours. In his recent work from 2013 to 2014, Soulages began to explicitly vary the pigment used in the paint, mixing matte and glossy types of black as well as hardened densities of black pigment.[23] Preferring to suspend the paintings like walls, he uses wires to hang them in the middle of the room, "I always liked paintings to be walls rather than windows. When we see a painting on a wall, it's a window, so I often put my paintings in the middle of the space to make a wall. A window looks outside, but a painting should do the opposite—it should look inside of us".[19]

Instead of having titles, Soulages paintings are uniformly named as "Peinture" (transl.: Painting), followed by size and date of production.[7] 17 December 1966 from 1966, in the collection of the Honolulu Museum of Art demonstrates the artist's boldly brushed black on white canvases.[24] His works had to be hung without frames in exhibitions.[7]

Personal life Edit

While at the Fine Arts School of Montpellier,[7] Soulages met Colette Llaurens[4] (born 1920).[25] They were married on 24 October[25] 1942.[3] The couple had no children. In 2017, they permanently moved to their summer retreat in Sète.[26]

Soulages died in Nîmes[7] on 25 October 2022, at age 102, and was survived by his wife of 80 years.[27][3][4][5]

Collections Edit

Collections of works by Soulages are held by many museums, including:[11]

Publications and monographs Edit

Exhibitions of art by Soulages were accompanied by publications including:[11]

Year Title (publisher or gallery) Editors and contributors
2014 Soulages in America (Dominique Lévy Gallery, New York) Texts by Philippe Ungar, Harry Cooper, Sean Sweeney, Dominique Lévy
2011 Soulages l'oeuvre imprimé (Bibliothèque Nationale de France/ Musée Soulages, Paris) Edited by Pierre Encrevé, Marie-Cécile Miessner
2011 Pierre Soulages (Martin-Gropius-Bau, Berlin / Hirmer, Munich) Essays by Hans Belting, Yve-Alain Bois, Pierre Encrevé, Alfred Pacquement, Serge Guilbaut, Bernard de Montferrand, Alain Seban, Joachim Sartorius, Gereon Sievernich, Hans-Ulrich Obrist; edited by Pierre Encrevé, Alfred Paquement
2010 Verre cartons des vitraux de Conques (Musée Fabre, Montpellier) Essays by Pierre Soulages, Jean-Dominique Fleury, Benoît Decron
2010 Pierre Soulages (Bernard Jacobson Gallery, London) Essays by John Yau and Mel Gooding
2009 Soulages, le temps du papier. (Cercle d'Art, Paris / Musée d'Art Moderne, Contemporain de Strasbourg) Text by Michel Ragon, Estelle Pietrzyk, Gilbert Dupuis
2009 Soulages (Centre Pompidou, Paris) Essays by Alain Seban, Alfred Pacquement, Pierre Encrevé, Serge Guilbaut, Yve-Alain Bois, Guitermie Maldonado, Annie Claustres, Harry Cooper, Hans Belting, Isabelle Ewig, Éric de Chassey, Hans Ulrich Obrist; Edited by Pierre Encrevé, Alfred Pacquement
2007 Pierre Soulages au Musée Fabre, Parcours d'un accrochage. (Interprint, Montpellier) Photos by Vincent Cunillère; Essays by Georges Frêche, Michel Hilaire, Emmanuel Nebout, Laurence Javal, Olivier Brochet, Yves Larbiou, Dan McEnroe, Thierry Dieudonnat, Pierre Susini, Claude Cougnenc, Pierre Encrevé
2006 Pierre Soulages. Painting the light. (Sammlung Essl, Klosterneuburg / Vienna) Essays by Karlheinz Essl, Andrea Rygg Karberg
2001 Soulages – Lumière du noir (Paris-Musées, Paris) Essays by Mikhaïl Piotrovsky, Suzanne Pagé, Albert Kosténévitch, Pierre Encrevé, JeanClaude Marcadé; Preface by Vladimir Yakovlev, Bertrand Delanoë, mayor of Paris
1999 Pierre Soulages, Célébration de la lumière. (Skira-Le Seuil, Paris / Musée des Beaux-Arts, Berne) Essays by Sandor Kuthy, Pierre Soulages
1998 Soulages, L'oeuvre complet, Peintures III, 1979–1997. (Seuil, Paris) Text by Pierre Encrevé
1997 Pierre Soulages, Malerei als Farbe und Licht, Retrospektive 1946–1997. (Deichtorhallen, Hamburg) Essays by Zdenek Felix, Robert Fleck, Charles Juliet
1996 Soulages, Noir lumière. (Musée d'Art Moderne de Paris) Essays by Suzanne Pagé, Jean-Louis Andral, Pierre Encrevé, Robert Fleck, Donald Kuspit, William Rubin
1996 Soulages (Flammarion, Paris: pp. 87–149) Interview with the artist by Bernard Ceysson
1994 Pierre Soulages: une retrospective (Taipei Fine Arts Museum / National Museum of China, Beijing) Essays by Huang Kuang-nan, Alfred Pacquement, Jean-Paul Réau, François Marcel Plaisant
1994 Les vitraux de Soulages (Seuil, Paris) Georges Duby, Christian Heck
1993 Pierre Soulages: une retrospective (Musée National d'Art Contemporain, Séoul) Essays by Young-Bang Lim, Alfred Pacquement, Bernard Prague
1992 Pierre Soulages, polyptyques 1979–1991 (Maison des Arts Georges Pompidou, Cajarc) Essays by Pierre Daix, Pierre Encrevé, Claire Stoullig
1991 Soulages, peintures récentes (Museum Moderner Kunst Stiftung Ludwig, Vienna) Essays by Lorand Hegyi, Alfred Pacquement
1990 Polyptyques (Louvre, Paris) Text by Isabelle Monod-Fontaine
1989 Soulages: 40 jahre Malerei (in German, Fridericianum, Kassel / Cantz Verlag, Stuttgart) Text by Veit Loers, Bernard Ceysson
1989 Soulages: 40 ans de peinture (in French, Musée d'Arts de Nantes) Essays by Henry-Claude Cousseau, Veit Loers
1989 Soulages: 40 anos de pintura (in Spanish, Institut Valencià d'Art Modern) Essays by Bernard Ceysson, Veit Loers
1987 Nous avons visité le Musée d'Orsay avec Pierre Soulages (L'Evénement du Jeudi, Paris: pp. 82–84) Interview with the artist by Jean-Louis Pradel
1987 Pierre Soulages (Musée Saint-Pierre Art Contemporain, Lyon / Hans Thoma-Gesellschaft, Reutlingen) Essays by Georges Duby, Pierre Encrevé, Henri Meschonnic, Werner Meyer, Thierry Raspail, Clément Rosset
1984 Soulages (Seibu Museum of Art, Tokyo) Essays by Taka Ashido Okada, d'Alfred Pacquement
1980 Soulages, peintures récentes (Musee National d´Art Moderne, Paris / Musée du Parc de la Boverie, Liège) Essays by Pontus Hulten, Alfred Pacquement
1976 Soulages (Musée d'Art et d'Industrie, Saint-Etienne: p. 5–32, 42) Interview with the artist by Bernard Ceysson
1975 L'aventure de l'art moderne (1): Pierre Soulages (Galerie Jardin des Arts, Paris: September, p. 150) Interview with the artist by André Parinaud
1974 Soulages, peintures, gravures (Musée Dynamique, Dakar / Fundaçào Calouste Gulbenkian, Lisbon) Text by Léopold Sédar Senghor

Honours and awards Edit

Awards that Soulages received included:[11]

References Edit

  1. ^ a b c Schofield, Hugh (24 June 2014). "The president and the 'greatest living artist' in the world". BBC. from the original on 24 June 2014. Retrieved 24 June 2014.
  2. ^ a b "Pierre Soulages: Beyond black". www.christies.com. from the original on 31 July 2019. Retrieved 27 October 2019.
  3. ^ a b c d e f "Pierre Soulages, France's 'Beyond Black' painter, dies at 102". france24.com. 26 October 2022. Retrieved 27 October 2022.
  4. ^ a b c d e Masters, Christopher (26 October 2022). "Pierre Soulages obituary". The Guardian. Retrieved 28 October 2022.
  5. ^ a b "Le peintre Pierre Soulages est mort" (in French). Le Monde. 26 October 2022. Retrieved 26 October 2022.
  6. ^ a b c d Grimes, William (26 October 2022). "Pierre Soulages, Leading French Abstract Painter, Dies at 102". The New York Times. Vol. 172, no. 59589. p. B12. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 29 October 2022.
  7. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Noce, Vincent (26 October 2022). "Pierre Soulages, who found infinite possibility in black abstract paintings, has died, aged 102". The Art Newspaper. Retrieved 28 October 2022.
  8. ^ a b c d "Pierre Soulages". Guggenheim Museum. 2022. Retrieved 27 October 2022.
  9. ^ a b Stremmler, Kerstin (26 October 2022). "Pierre Soulages malte in Schwarz und war dennoch der Maler des Lichts. Nun ist der grosse französische Meister der Abstraktion im Alter von 102 Jahren gestorben". Neue Zürcher Zeitung (in German). Retrieved 31 October 2022.
  10. ^ a b Paik, Sherry (4 March 2019). "Pierre Soulages / Artworks, Exhibitions, Profile & Content". ocula.com. from the original on 6 March 2019. Retrieved 4 March 2019.
  11. ^ a b c d e "Pierre Soulages" (PDF). Lévy Gorvy. Retrieved 28 October 2022.
  12. ^ "Soulages – Pierre Soulages et les vitraux de l'abbatiale de Conques – Ina.fr". Soulages. from the original on 8 December 2017. Retrieved 7 December 2017.
  13. ^ "Biographie /". www.pierre-soulages.com. from the original on 1 September 2019. Retrieved 1 September 2019.
  14. ^ Artnet, "Pierre Soulages" 27 June 2016 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved June 2016
  15. ^ The Museum 2 October 2015 at the Wayback Machine Musée Soulages, Retrieved June 2016
  16. ^ "Pierre Soulages". Lévy Gorvy. 2019. Retrieved 28 October 2019.
  17. ^ "Ambition still burns in art star Soulages at 99". France 24. 4 February 2019. from the original on 1 September 2019. Retrieved 1 September 2019.
  18. ^ Musée Soulages, Rodez Painting, 324 X 362 cm, 1986 (Polyptyque I) 4 June 2016 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved July 2016
  19. ^ a b c d Zoe Stillpass (photography: Patrick Demarchelier): Pierre Soulages 20 September 2016 at the Wayback Machine Interview Magazine, 5 August 2014, Retrieved July 2016
  20. ^ a b Ben Davis: Pierre Soulages, Happy to Stay in the Dark 7 August 2016 at the Wayback Machine Artnet, 19 June 2014, Retrieved July 2016
  21. ^ Jean-Max Albert, Pierre Soulages, Mouvement sans emplacement, Opus International, n°57, 1975.
  22. ^ Claire Rosemberg: Black is the new black for Pierre Soulages, France's best known living artist, 14 November 2017 at the Wayback Machine The Telegraph (online), 14 October 2009, Retrieved July 2016
  23. ^ Robert C. Morgan: Pierre Soulages: Painter of Black and Light 3 August 2016 at the Wayback Machine Hyperallergic (online), 14 May 2014, Retrieved July 2016
  24. ^ a b Honolulu Museum of Art, wall label, 17 December 1966, accession 4400.1
  25. ^ a b Laporte, Arnaud (21 November 2019). "Rencontre : Pierre Soulages, portrait de l'artiste en jeune homme". Vanity Fair. Retrieved 19 February 2023.
  26. ^ Nina Siegal (29 November 2019), Black Is Still the Only Color for Pierre Soulages 1 December 2019 at the Wayback Machine New York Times.
  27. ^ "Le peintre Pierre Soulages est mort à Nîmes à l'âge de 102 ans". midilibre.fr (in French). Retrieved 10 February 2023.
  28. ^ . Archived from the original on 6 August 2020. Retrieved 27 December 2019.
  29. ^ Soulages, Pierre (27 July 1956). "Painting, 130.2 x 162.5 cm". Montreal Museum of Fine Arts. and Soulages, Pierre (24 August 1979). "Painting, 222 x 157 cm". Montreal Museum of Fine Arts. Retrieved 31 October 2022.
  30. ^ "Pierre Soulages French, 1919–2022". MoMA. 2022. Retrieved 27 October 2022.
  31. ^ "Pierre Soulages". National Gallery of Art. Retrieved 31 October 2022.
  32. ^ Adamson, Natalie (4 June 2014). "Pierre Soulages, the Nouvelle École de Paris, and Painting 202 x 143 cm, 6 November 1967". Art Journal. 41. Retrieved 28 October 2022.
  33. ^ "Reply to a parliamentary question" (PDF) (in German). p. 1712. (PDF) from the original on 22 October 2012. Retrieved 23 November 2012.
  34. ^ "A 96 ans, Pierre Soulages fait Grand'Croix dans l'ordre de la Légion d'Honneur". France 3 Occitanie (in French). from the original on 1 September 2019. Retrieved 1 September 2019.
  35. ^ "Pierre Soulages reçoit le Grand Prix du rayonnement français". Midi Libre. 1 October 2019. Retrieved 28 October 2022.

External links Edit

  • Official web site
  • New Soulages museum opens in Rodez
  • Musée Soulages
  • Pierre Soulages – Blues
  • Portraits of Pierre Soulages at the National Portrait Gallery, London
  • Pierre Soulages at IMDb

pierre, soulages, pierre, jean, louis, germain, soulages, french, sulaʒ, december, 1919, october, 2022, french, painter, printmaker, sculptor, 2014, president, françois, hollande, france, described, world, greatest, living, artist, works, held, leading, museum. Pierre Jean Louis Germain Soulages French sulaʒ 24 December 1919 25 October 2022 was a French painter printmaker and sculptor In 2014 President Francois Hollande of France described him as the world s greatest living artist 1 His works are held by leading museums of the world and there is a museum dedicated to his art in his hometown of Rodez Pierre SoulagesSoulages in 2019BornPierre Jean Louis Germain Soulages 1919 12 24 24 December 1919Rodez FranceDied25 October 2022 2022 10 25 aged 102 Nimes FranceOccupationPainterSpouseColette Llaurens m 1942 wbr AwardsCarnegie PrizePraemium ImperialeSoulages is known as the painter of black owing to his interest in the colour both as a colour and a non colour When light is reflected on black it transforms and transmutes it It opens a mental field all its own He saw light as a work material striations of the black surface of his paintings enable him to reflect light allowing the black to come out of darkness and into brightness thus becoming a luminous colour 2 3 Soulages produced 104 stained glass windows for the Romanesque architecture of the Abbey Church of Sainte Foy in Conques from 1987 to 1994 He received international awards and the Louvre in Paris held a retrospective of his works on the occasion of his centenary Contents 1 Early life and family 2 Early career 3 Later career 4 Artistic practice 5 Personal life 6 Collections 7 Publications and monographs 8 Honours and awards 9 References 10 External linksEarly life and family EditSoulages was born in Rodez Aveyron on 24 December 1919 4 5 His father Amans was a carriage maker who ran a hunting and fishing shop He died when Pierre was age five 4 Pierre was raised by his older sister Antoinette and their mother Aglae Zoe Julie Corp Soulages 6 As a child he was interested in the area s menhirs 4 in Celtic carvings in the local museum and also in the Romanesque architecture of the Abbey Church of Sainte Foy in Conques He dressed in all black and his mother disliked it 7 Early career EditInspired by the art of Paul Cezanne and Pablo Picasso Soulages began studies at the Ecole nationale superieure des beaux arts in Paris but soon dropped out because he was disappointed by the traditional style 8 After wartime military service he studied further at the Fine Arts School of Montpellier 7 He opened a studio in Courbevoie Paris painting in complete abstraction with black as the dominant colour and experimenting with walnut oil 7 His first exhibition was at the Salon des Independants in 1947 3 8 9 He also worked as a designer of stage sets He exhibited at the Venice Biennale in 1954 3 and in New York City the same year 10 gaining recognition in the United States Betty Parsons Gallery showed his work in New York in 1949 6 In 1950 Leo Castelli organized an exhibition at Sidney Janis 6 In 1954 Soulages began showing at Samuel Kootz 6 His works were included in the two major exhibitions of European artists Younger European Painters at the Solomon R Guggenheim Museum 1953 and The New Decade 22 European Painters and Sculptors at the Museum of Modern Art 1955 in New York 10 In 1979 Soulages was made a Foreign Honorary Member of the American Academy of Arts and Letters 11 Later career EditFrom 1987 to 1994 he produced 104 stained glass windows for the Abbey of Sainte Foy in Conques 12 prepared by around 700 tests at a small factory near Munster Germany 7 A gallerist reflected the windows in the context of his paintings He studied the way that light wouldn t cross through the stained glass but would be fractionally fragmented exploded through the stained glass So when you are in Conques and you see the light coming through these stained glass panels how the light hits the glass and then comes in and the harmonious explosion inside the church it s beyond religious And that s what he was trying to achieve with his black paintings to capture whatever you give them but they re reflected in a completely independent way It puts you in front of the void in front of fullness and emptiness in front of strength and vulnerability It has this tension and that is what it was to know Soulages 7 Soulages was the first living artist to have been invited to exhibit at the state Hermitage Museum of St Petersburg and later with the Tretyakov Gallery of Moscow 2001 13 In 2007 the Musee Fabre of Montpellier devoted an entire room to Soulages presenting a donation he made to the city It included twenty paintings dating from 1951 to 2006 among which were major works from the 1960s two large plus black works from the 1970s and several large polyptychs A retrospective was held at the Centre National d Art et de Culture Georges Pompidou from October 2009 to March 2010 In 2010 the Museum of Mexico City presented a retrospective of paintings that also included an interview video with the artist 11 In 2014 the Musee Soulages opened in Soulages hometown of Rodez as a place to permanently display his works and to house temporary contemporary exhibitions 1 Soulages and his wife donated 900 works 2 14 The paintings represent all stages of his work from post war oils to a phase of work he calls Outrenoir It was the most complete display of work from his first 30 years 15 Some space in the museum is always reserved for exhibitions of other contemoprary artists as Soulages had wanted from the beginning 9 In 2014 Soulages presented fourteen recent works in his first American exhibition in 10 years at Dominique Levy and Galerie Perrotin New York In September 2019 the Levy Gorvy Gallery in New York held a major exhibition 16 ahead of the retrospective at the Louvre Museum in December celebrating his 100th birthday 17 On 17 November 2021 his Peinture 195 x 130 cm 4 aout 1961 was auctioned for 20 2M an auction record for the artist 7 Artistic practice Edit 17 December 1966 1966 Honolulu Museum of ArtSoulages said My instrument is not black but the light reflected from the black 18 Naming his own practice Outrenoir Beyond Black the paintings he produces are known for their endless black depth created by playing with the light reflected off of the texture of the paint Knowing that he needed a new term to define the way that he worked Soulages invented Outrenoir to define his practice Not having a translation into English the closest meaning is beyond black in a 2014 interview he explained the definition of the term Outrenoir doesn t exist in English the closest is beyond black In French you say outre Manche beyond the Channel to mean England or outre Rhin beyond the Rhine to mean Germany In other words beyond black is a different country from black 19 The infatuation Soulages had with black began long before his investigations with Outrenoir at the age of 60 20 Initially inspired by his interest in the prehistoric 19 and his want of retreating to something more pure primal and deliberately stripped of any other connotations he says of his fascination with the colour during thousands of years men went underground in the absolute black of grottoes to paint with black 20 I made these because I found that the light reflected by the black surface elicits certain emotions in me These aren t monochromes The fact that light can come from the colour which is supposedly the absence of light is already quite moving and it is interesting to see how this happens 19 Applying the paint in thick layers Soulages painting technique includes using objects such as spoons tiny rakes and bits of rubber to work away at the painting often making scraping digging or etching movements depending on whether he wants to evoke a smooth or rough surface The texture that is then produced either absorbs or rejects light breaking up the surface of the painting by disrupting the uniformity of the black 21 22 He often used bold cuts in vertical and horizontal lines the crevasses and forms created by using angles and contours In his recent work from 2013 to 2014 Soulages began to explicitly vary the pigment used in the paint mixing matte and glossy types of black as well as hardened densities of black pigment 23 Preferring to suspend the paintings like walls he uses wires to hang them in the middle of the room I always liked paintings to be walls rather than windows When we see a painting on a wall it s a window so I often put my paintings in the middle of the space to make a wall A window looks outside but a painting should do the opposite it should look inside of us 19 Instead of having titles Soulages paintings are uniformly named as Peinture transl Painting followed by size and date of production 7 17 December 1966 from 1966 in the collection of the Honolulu Museum of Art demonstrates the artist s boldly brushed black on white canvases 24 His works had to be hung without frames in exhibitions 7 Personal life EditWhile at the Fine Arts School of Montpellier 7 Soulages met Colette Llaurens 4 born 1920 25 They were married on 24 October 25 1942 3 The couple had no children In 2017 they permanently moved to their summer retreat in Sete 26 Soulages died in Nimes 7 on 25 October 2022 at age 102 and was survived by his wife of 80 years 27 3 4 5 Collections EditCollections of works by Soulages are held by many museums including 11 Centre Georges Pompidou Paris 8 28 Honolulu Museum of Art 24 Montreal Museum of Fine Arts 29 Musee d Art Moderne de la Ville de Paris Musee Soulages Rodez 1 Museum of Modern Art New York 30 Museum of Modern Art Rio de Janeiro National Gallery of Art Washington D C 31 Solomon R Guggenheim Museum New York 8 Tate Gallery London 3 Publications and monographs EditExhibitions of art by Soulages were accompanied by publications including 11 Year Title publisher or gallery Editors and contributors2014 Soulages in America Dominique Levy Gallery New York Texts by Philippe Ungar Harry Cooper Sean Sweeney Dominique Levy2011 Soulages l oeuvre imprime Bibliotheque Nationale de France Musee Soulages Paris Edited by Pierre Encreve Marie Cecile Miessner2011 Pierre Soulages Martin Gropius Bau Berlin Hirmer Munich Essays by Hans Belting Yve Alain Bois Pierre Encreve Alfred Pacquement Serge Guilbaut Bernard de Montferrand Alain Seban Joachim Sartorius Gereon Sievernich Hans Ulrich Obrist edited by Pierre Encreve Alfred Paquement2010 Verre cartons des vitraux de Conques Musee Fabre Montpellier Essays by Pierre Soulages Jean Dominique Fleury Benoit Decron2010 Pierre Soulages Bernard Jacobson Gallery London Essays by John Yau and Mel Gooding2009 Soulages le temps du papier Cercle d Art Paris Musee d Art Moderne Contemporain de Strasbourg Text by Michel Ragon Estelle Pietrzyk Gilbert Dupuis2009 Soulages Centre Pompidou Paris Essays by Alain Seban Alfred Pacquement Pierre Encreve Serge Guilbaut Yve Alain Bois Guitermie Maldonado Annie Claustres Harry Cooper Hans Belting Isabelle Ewig Eric de Chassey Hans Ulrich Obrist Edited by Pierre Encreve Alfred Pacquement2007 Pierre Soulages au Musee Fabre Parcours d un accrochage Interprint Montpellier Photos by Vincent Cunillere Essays by Georges Freche Michel Hilaire Emmanuel Nebout Laurence Javal Olivier Brochet Yves Larbiou Dan McEnroe Thierry Dieudonnat Pierre Susini Claude Cougnenc Pierre Encreve2006 Pierre Soulages Painting the light Sammlung Essl Klosterneuburg Vienna Essays by Karlheinz Essl Andrea Rygg Karberg2001 Soulages Lumiere du noir Paris Musees Paris Essays by Mikhail Piotrovsky Suzanne Page Albert Kostenevitch Pierre Encreve JeanClaude Marcade Preface by Vladimir Yakovlev Bertrand Delanoe mayor of Paris1999 Pierre Soulages Celebration de la lumiere Skira Le Seuil Paris Musee des Beaux Arts Berne Essays by Sandor Kuthy Pierre Soulages1998 Soulages L oeuvre complet Peintures III 1979 1997 Seuil Paris Text by Pierre Encreve1997 Pierre Soulages Malerei als Farbe und Licht Retrospektive 1946 1997 Deichtorhallen Hamburg Essays by Zdenek Felix Robert Fleck Charles Juliet1996 Soulages Noir lumiere Musee d Art Moderne de Paris Essays by Suzanne Page Jean Louis Andral Pierre Encreve Robert Fleck Donald Kuspit William Rubin1996 Soulages Flammarion Paris pp 87 149 Interview with the artist by Bernard Ceysson1994 Pierre Soulages une retrospective Taipei Fine Arts Museum National Museum of China Beijing Essays by Huang Kuang nan Alfred Pacquement Jean Paul Reau Francois Marcel Plaisant1994 Les vitraux de Soulages Seuil Paris Georges Duby Christian Heck1993 Pierre Soulages une retrospective Musee National d Art Contemporain Seoul Essays by Young Bang Lim Alfred Pacquement Bernard Prague1992 Pierre Soulages polyptyques 1979 1991 Maison des Arts Georges Pompidou Cajarc Essays by Pierre Daix Pierre Encreve Claire Stoullig1991 Soulages peintures recentes Museum Moderner Kunst Stiftung Ludwig Vienna Essays by Lorand Hegyi Alfred Pacquement1990 Polyptyques Louvre Paris Text by Isabelle Monod Fontaine1989 Soulages 40 jahre Malerei in German Fridericianum Kassel Cantz Verlag Stuttgart Text by Veit Loers Bernard Ceysson1989 Soulages 40 ans de peinture in French Musee d Arts de Nantes Essays by Henry Claude Cousseau Veit Loers1989 Soulages 40 anos de pintura in Spanish Institut Valencia d Art Modern Essays by Bernard Ceysson Veit Loers1987 Nous avons visite le Musee d Orsay avec Pierre Soulages L Evenement du Jeudi Paris pp 82 84 Interview with the artist by Jean Louis Pradel1987 Pierre Soulages Musee Saint Pierre Art Contemporain Lyon Hans Thoma Gesellschaft Reutlingen Essays by Georges Duby Pierre Encreve Henri Meschonnic Werner Meyer Thierry Raspail Clement Rosset1984 Soulages Seibu Museum of Art Tokyo Essays by Taka Ashido Okada d Alfred Pacquement1980 Soulages peintures recentes Musee National d Art Moderne Paris Musee du Parc de la Boverie Liege Essays by Pontus Hulten Alfred Pacquement1976 Soulages Musee d Art et d Industrie Saint Etienne p 5 32 42 Interview with the artist by Bernard Ceysson1975 L aventure de l art moderne 1 Pierre Soulages Galerie Jardin des Arts Paris September p 150 Interview with the artist by Andre Parinaud1974 Soulages peintures gravures Musee Dynamique Dakar Fundacao Calouste Gulbenkian Lisbon Text by Leopold Sedar SenghorHonours and awards EditAwards that Soulages received included 11 Carnegie Prize United States 1964 32 Grand Prix for Painting Paris 1975 Rembrandt Award Germany 1976 Foreign Honorary Member of the American Academy of Arts and Letters 1979 Grand prix national de peinture France 1986 Praemium Imperiale for painting Japan 1992 Austrian Decoration for Science and Art 2006 33 Prix Julio Gonzalez Valencia 2006 Grand Cross of the Legion of Honour Paris 2015 34 Grand prix du rayonnement francais France 2019 35 References Edit a b c Schofield Hugh 24 June 2014 The president and the greatest living artist in the world BBC Archived from the original on 24 June 2014 Retrieved 24 June 2014 a b Pierre Soulages Beyond black www christies com Archived from the original on 31 July 2019 Retrieved 27 October 2019 a b c d e f Pierre Soulages France s Beyond Black painter dies at 102 france24 com 26 October 2022 Retrieved 27 October 2022 a b c d e Masters Christopher 26 October 2022 Pierre Soulages obituary The Guardian Retrieved 28 October 2022 a b Le peintre Pierre Soulages est mort in French Le Monde 26 October 2022 Retrieved 26 October 2022 a b c d Grimes William 26 October 2022 Pierre Soulages Leading French Abstract Painter Dies at 102 The New York Times Vol 172 no 59589 p B12 ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved 29 October 2022 a b c d e f g h i j Noce Vincent 26 October 2022 Pierre Soulages who found infinite possibility in black abstract paintings has died aged 102 The Art Newspaper Retrieved 28 October 2022 a b c d Pierre Soulages Guggenheim Museum 2022 Retrieved 27 October 2022 a b Stremmler Kerstin 26 October 2022 Pierre Soulages malte in Schwarz und war dennoch der Maler des Lichts Nun ist der grosse franzosische Meister der Abstraktion im Alter von 102 Jahren gestorben Neue Zurcher Zeitung in German Retrieved 31 October 2022 a b Paik Sherry 4 March 2019 Pierre Soulages Artworks Exhibitions Profile amp Content ocula com Archived from the original on 6 March 2019 Retrieved 4 March 2019 a b c d e Pierre Soulages PDF Levy Gorvy Retrieved 28 October 2022 Soulages Pierre Soulages et les vitraux de l abbatiale de Conques Ina fr Soulages Archived from the original on 8 December 2017 Retrieved 7 December 2017 Biographie www pierre soulages com Archived from the original on 1 September 2019 Retrieved 1 September 2019 Artnet Pierre Soulages Archived 27 June 2016 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved June 2016 The Museum Archived 2 October 2015 at the Wayback Machine Musee Soulages Retrieved June 2016 Pierre Soulages Levy Gorvy 2019 Retrieved 28 October 2019 Ambition still burns in art star Soulages at 99 France 24 4 February 2019 Archived from the original on 1 September 2019 Retrieved 1 September 2019 Musee Soulages Rodez Painting 324 X 362 cm 1986 Polyptyque I Archived 4 June 2016 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved July 2016 a b c d Zoe Stillpass photography Patrick Demarchelier Pierre Soulages Archived 20 September 2016 at the Wayback Machine Interview Magazine 5 August 2014 Retrieved July 2016 a b Ben Davis Pierre Soulages Happy to Stay in the Dark Archived 7 August 2016 at the Wayback Machine Artnet 19 June 2014 Retrieved July 2016 Jean Max Albert Pierre Soulages Mouvement sans emplacement Opus International n 57 1975 Claire Rosemberg Black is the new black for Pierre Soulages France s best known living artist Archived 14 November 2017 at the Wayback Machine The Telegraph online 14 October 2009 Retrieved July 2016 Robert C Morgan Pierre Soulages Painter of Black and Light Archived 3 August 2016 at the Wayback Machine Hyperallergic online 14 May 2014 Retrieved July 2016 a b Honolulu Museum of Art wall label 17 December 1966 accession 4400 1 a b Laporte Arnaud 21 November 2019 Rencontre Pierre Soulages portrait de l artiste en jeune homme Vanity Fair Retrieved 19 February 2023 Nina Siegal 29 November 2019 Black Is Still the Only Color for Pierre Soulages Archived 1 December 2019 at the Wayback Machine New York Times Le peintre Pierre Soulages est mort a Nimes a l age de 102 ans midilibre fr in French Retrieved 10 February 2023 L œuvre Peinture 324 x 362 cm 1985 Centre Pompidou Archived from the original on 6 August 2020 Retrieved 27 December 2019 Soulages Pierre 27 July 1956 Painting 130 2 x 162 5 cm Montreal Museum of Fine Arts and Soulages Pierre 24 August 1979 Painting 222 x 157 cm Montreal Museum of Fine Arts Retrieved 31 October 2022 Pierre Soulages French 1919 2022 MoMA 2022 Retrieved 27 October 2022 Pierre Soulages National Gallery of Art Retrieved 31 October 2022 Adamson Natalie 4 June 2014 Pierre Soulages the Nouvelle Ecole de Paris and Painting 202 x 143 cm 6 November 1967 Art Journal 41 Retrieved 28 October 2022 Reply to a parliamentary question PDF in German p 1712 Archived PDF from the original on 22 October 2012 Retrieved 23 November 2012 A 96 ans Pierre Soulages fait Grand Croix dans l ordre de la Legion d Honneur France 3 Occitanie in French Archived from the original on 1 September 2019 Retrieved 1 September 2019 Pierre Soulages recoit le Grand Prix du rayonnement francais Midi Libre 1 October 2019 Retrieved 28 October 2022 External links Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to Pierre Soulages Wikiquote has quotations related to Pierre Soulages Official web site New Soulages museum opens in Rodez Biography pictures at Galerie Birch Musee Soulages Atelier JD Fleury Centre Pompidou Virtuel Espace Presse Pierre Soulages Blues Portraits of Pierre Soulages at the National Portrait Gallery London Pierre Soulages at IMDb Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Pierre Soulages amp oldid 1163587413, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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