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Catocala

November 25, 2023

"Lamprosia" redirects here. For the metalmark butterfly, see Voltinia (butterfly). For the arctiid moths, see Lamprosiella.

Catocala is a generally Holarctic genus of moths in the family Erebidae. The genus was erected by Franz von Paula Schrank in 1802. The moths are commonly known as underwing moths or simply underwings. These terms are sometimes used for a few related moths, but usually – especially when used in plural, not as part of a species name – they are used to refer to Catocala only.

Catocala
Semirelict underwing (C. semirelicta)
Imago of the pura form from above
Scientific classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Lepidoptera
Superfamily: Noctuoidea
Family: Erebidae
Tribe: Catocalini
Genus: Catocala
Schrank, 1802
Type species
Phalaena nupta
Diversity
About 270 species
Synonyms

Numerous, see text

Of the more than 250 known species, slightly less than half are found in North America – mostly in the United States – while the rest occur in Eurasia. About one-fifth (almost 30) of these species are native to Europe. A few species occur in the northern Neotropics and Indomalaya.[1]

Description and ecology edit

Most species of Catocala have medium to large adults, cryptically coloured except for the hindwings, which are marked with stripes in orange, red, white, or even blue. In some, the hindwings are mostly blackish. Unlike what the common name "underwings" seems to suggest, the colour is brightest on the upperside. However, the bright hindwings are not visible at rest, being hidden under the dull forewings – hence the name. Due to their diversity and variety of colors and patterns, underwing moths are popular with collectors of Lepidoptera.

In, The Fauna of British India, Including Ceylon and Burma: Moths Volume II, the genus described as follows.

Palpi reaching just above vertex of head, the 2nd joint thickly scaled; antennae of male fasciculated; thorax smoothly scaled; abdomen with dorsal ridges of coarse hair on proximal segments, which are sometimes developed into tufts; fore tibia more or less hairy; hind tibia spined. Fore wing with the apex nearly rectangular; the cilia crenulate. Hind wing with the cilia crenulate; vein 5 from below center of discocellulars. Larva with four pairs of abdominal prolegs.[2]

It is believed that the bright colors, arranged in usually roughly concentric markings, at a casual glance resemble the eyes of a predatory animal, such as a cat. An underwing moth, well camouflaged in its daytime resting spot on a tree trunk or branch, will suddenly flash open the hindwings when disturbed. A bird or other small predator that is not used to this display is likely to be frightened, allowing the moth to escape. However, unlike some other bright-colored moths which are bad-tasting or even poisonous to predators, underwing moths are well palatable at least to some birds (e.g. the blue jay, Cyanocitta cristata). To assist in avoiding nocturnal predators such as bats, these moths also possess (like many of their relatives) fairly well-developed hearing organs.[3]

 
Caterpillar of the beloved underwing (C. ilia)

The caterpillars of most species feed on the leaves of woody plants, usually trees but sometimes shrubs. Typical food plants are Fagales of the families Betulaceae, Fagaceae and Juglandaceae – mainly hickory (Carya), oak (Quercus) and walnut tree (Juglans) species, as well as others such as alder (Alnus), beech (Fagus), birch (Betula) and chestnut (Castanea). The caterpillars of numerous Old World and some North American species feed on the Salicaceae Populus (poplars) and Salix (willows), which belong to the Malpighiales. Less common larval food plants of Catocala are for example elms (Ulmus) and various Rosaceae of the Rosales, Tilia (linden and basswood) of the Malvales, or some Fabaceae of the Fabales; as the preceding, these all belong to the Fabidae lineage of rosid eudicots. More unusually, underwing moth caterpillars have also been found to feed on such plants as maple (Acer) which belongs to a distant lineage of rosids, as well as on such plants as ash trees (Fraxinus) and blueberries (Vaccinium) which are asterids and quite unrelated to the other food plants by eudicot standards.[4]

The adults are predominantly nocturnal, flying from shortly after dusk right up to daybreak. They are generally most active about two hours after nightfall. However, several if not all species of underwing moths have a second activity period exactly around noon, during which they are also regularly found on the wing for about 1–2 hours each day.[5]

The genus name Catocala roughly means "beautiful hindwings". It is a combination of two Ancient Greek words, kato (κάτω, "the rear one" or "the lower one"), and kalos (καλός, "beautiful").[6]

Classification edit

There are over 250 species in this genus. The species of Catocala are here divided into a Eurasian group, and another one which is found in North America. This does not imply actual relationships; it is mainly done to more conveniently deal with the large number of species. Still, it is not unlikely at all that the groups consist at least to some extent of closely related species.[7]

There are several cryptic species complexes in Catocala, e.g. the group around the Delilah underwing (C. delilah); these and other hitherto unknown species are still being discovered and described in some numbers. Thus, resolving the phylogeny and taxonomy of the underwing moths is an ongoing effort, which has made (as of 2011) little progress. In the scientific literature, smaller subdivisions into putatively related species are sometimes applied, but there is no consistent and widely accepted taxonomic treatment for the genus as a whole.

Synonyms edit

Several distinct genera have formally been proposed for splitting from Catocala, but these are all treated here as junior synonyms. These synonyms and other invalid names of Catocala are:[8][9]

  • Andreusia Hampson, 1913 (unjustified emendation)
  • Andrewsia Grote, 1882
  • Astiodes (lapsus)
  • Astiotes Hübner, 1823
  • Belpharidia (lapsus)
  • Bihemena Beck, 1966
  • Blephara Ochsenheimer, 1816 (unavailable)
  • Blepharidia Hübner, 1822
  • Blepharonia Hübner, 1823 (unavailable)[10]
  • Blepharonia Hübner, 1825
  • Blepharum Hübner, 1806 (rejected)
  • Catabapta Hulst, 1884
  • Catacola (lapsus)
  • Catocalla (lapsus)
  • Convercala Beck, 1966
  • Corisce Hübner, 1823
  • Corisee (lapsus)
  • Divercala Beck, 1966
  • Ephesia Hübner, 1818
  • Eucala Beck, 1966
  • Eucora Hübner, 1823
  • Eunetis Hübner, 1823
  • Hemigeometra Haworth, 1809
  • Koraia Nye, 1975
  • Lamprosia Hübner, [1821]
  • Lamprosia Hübner, 1827 (non Hüber, [1821]: preoccupied)
  • Metacala Beck, 1966
  • Mormonia Hübner, 1823
  • Mormosia (lapsus)
  • Optocala Beck, 1966
  • Promonia Beck, 1966
  • Puercala Beck, 1966
  • Reticcala Beck, 1966
  • Simplicala Beck, 1966

Palearctic species edit

Comparison of Eurasian species

Nearctic species edit

Comparison of North American species

Other "underwing moths" edit

As noted in the introduction, some species besides the Catocala species are also commonly known as "underwings". Typically however, the name is used with a qualifier, such as a color term, in these cases. Non-Catocala "underwing moths" are typically owlet moths, namely: Subfamily Catocalinae

Subfamily Amphipyrinae

Subfamily Erebinae

Subfamily Hadeninae

Subfamily Noctuinae

However, the "orange underwings" are two species of genus Archiearis of the geometer moth family (Geometridae):

Footnotes edit

  1. ^ FE (2011), and see references in Savela (2012)
  2. ^ Hampson, G. F. (1894). The Fauna of British India, Including Ceylon and Burma: Moths Volume II. Taylor and Francis – via Biodiversity Heritage Library.
  3. ^ Fullard & Napoleone (2001), Stevens (2005)
  4. ^ Nelson & Loy (1983), and see references in Savela (2012)
  5. ^ Fullard & Napoleone (2001)
  6. ^ Woodhouse (1910)
  7. ^ See references in Savela (2012)
  8. ^ Pitkin & Jenkins (2004b)
  9. ^ Savela, Markku (July 27, 2019). "Catocala Schrank, 1802". Lepidoptera and Some Other Life Forms. Retrieved January 6, 2020.
  10. ^ "Blepharonia" was initially proposed as name for a tribe in 1823, and only established as a genus name Blepharonia in 1825: Pitkin & Jenkins (2004a).

References edit

  • Fauna Europaea (FE) (2011): . Version 2.4, January 27, 2011. Retrieved March 29, 2012.
  • Fullard, James H.; Napoleone, Nadia (2001). (PDF). Animal Behaviour. 62 (2): 349–368. doi:10.1006/anbe.2001.1753. S2CID 53182157. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2007-06-15.
  • Nelson, John M. & Loy, Peter W. (1983): The Underwing Moths (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) of Oklahoma. Proceedings of the Oklahoma Academy of Science 63: 60–67.
  • Pitkin, Brian & Jenkins, Paul (2004a): Butterflies and Moths of the World, Generic Names and their Type-species – Blepharonia Hübner 1823. Version of November 5, 2004. Retrieved March 29, 2012.
  • Pitkin, Brian & Jenkins, Paul (2004b): Butterflies and Moths of the World, Generic Names and their Type-species – Catocala. Version of November 5, 2004. Retrieved March 29, 2012.
  • Savela, Markku. . Lepidoptera and Some Other Life Forms. Archived from the original on July 20, 2019. Retrieved December 20, 2018.
  • Stevens, Martin (2005): The role of eyespots as anti-predator mechanisms, principally demonstrated in the Lepidoptera. Biological Reviews 80(4): 573–588. doi:10.1017/S1464793105006810
  • Woodhouse, S. C. (1910): English-Greek Dictionary – A Vocabulary of the Attic Language. George Routledge & Sons Ltd., Broadway House, Ludgate Hill, E.C. Searchable JPEG fulltext

Further reading edit

  • Ishizuka, K. (2002). "Notes on Catocala columbina Leech, 1900 (Lepidoptela, Noctuidae), with description of new taxa". Gekkan-Mushi. (379): 12–13.
  • Ishizuka, K. (2007). "A new species of Catocala Schrank, 1802 from Western China (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae)". Gekkan-Mushi. (439): 22–24.
  • Müller, Gunter; Kravchenko, Vasiliy; Witt, Thomas; Junnila, Amy; Mooser, J.; Saldaitis, Aidas; Reshöft, K.; Ivinskis, Povilas; Zahiri, Reza & Speidel, Wolfgang (2008). "New underwing taxa of the section of Catocala lesbia Christoph, 1887 (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)". Acta Zoologica Lituanica. 18 (1): 30–49.
  • Kravchenko, V. D., Speidel, W., et al. (2008). "A new species of Catocala from Israel (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)". Acta Zoologica Lituanica. 18 (2): 127–129.
  • Leech, J. J. (1900). Transactions of the Entomological Society of London. 1900: 511–663.
  • Lewandowski, S. & Tober, K. (2008). "Catocala olgaorlovae duschara subspec. nov. aus Jordanien (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)". Atalanta. 39 (1-4): 377–378.
  • Saldaitis, A. & Ivinskis, P. (2008). "Catocala florianii, a new species (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) from China". Acta Zoologica Lituanica. 18 (2): 124–126.
  • Saldaitis, A. & Pekarsky, O. & Borth, R. (2014). "A new subspecies of Catocala pudica Moore, 1879 (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae (sensu lato): Erebinae) from Mongolia". Esperiana. 19: 255–262.
  • Sinyaev, V., Saldaitis, A. & Ivinskis, P. (2007). Acta Zoologica Lituanica. 17 (4): 272–275.
  • Speidel, W., Ivinskis, P. & Saldaitis, A. (2008). "A new Catocala species (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) from China". Acta Zoologica Lituanica. 18 (2): 122–123.
  • Weisert, F. (1998). Zeitschrift der Arbeitsgemeinschaft der Österreichischen Entomologen. 50: 125–126.

External links edit

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Catocala.
  • Bartlett, Troy (February 16, 2018). "Genus Catocala - Underwings". BugGuide. Retrieved December 20, 2018.
  • Oehlke, Bill (January 1, 2013). "Catocala: Classification and Common Names". Catocala. Retrieved January 13, 2019.

November 25, 2023
catocala, lamprosia, redirects, here, metalmark, butterfly, voltinia, butterfly, arctiid, moths, lamprosiella, generally, holarctic, genus, moths, family, erebidae, genus, erected, franz, paula, schrank, 1802, moths, commonly, known, underwing, moths, simply, . Lamprosia redirects here For the metalmark butterfly see Voltinia butterfly For the arctiid moths see Lamprosiella Catocala is a generally Holarctic genus of moths in the family Erebidae The genus was erected by Franz von Paula Schrank in 1802 The moths are commonly known as underwing moths or simply underwings These terms are sometimes used for a few related moths but usually especially when used in plural not as part of a species name they are used to refer to Catocala only CatocalaSemirelict underwing C semirelicta Imago of the pura form from aboveScientific classificationDomain EukaryotaKingdom AnimaliaPhylum ArthropodaClass InsectaOrder LepidopteraSuperfamily NoctuoideaFamily ErebidaeTribe CatocaliniGenus CatocalaSchrank 1802Type speciesPhalaena nuptaLinnaeus 1767DiversityAbout 270 speciesSynonymsNumerous see textOf the more than 250 known species slightly less than half are found in North America mostly in the United States while the rest occur in Eurasia About one fifth almost 30 of these species are native to Europe A few species occur in the northern Neotropics and Indomalaya 1 Contents 1 Description and ecology 2 Classification 2 1 Synonyms 2 2 Palearctic species 2 3 Nearctic species 3 Other underwing moths 4 Footnotes 5 References 6 Further reading 7 External linksDescription and ecology editMost species of Catocala have medium to large adults cryptically coloured except for the hindwings which are marked with stripes in orange red white or even blue In some the hindwings are mostly blackish Unlike what the common name underwings seems to suggest the colour is brightest on the upperside However the bright hindwings are not visible at rest being hidden under the dull forewings hence the name Due to their diversity and variety of colors and patterns underwing moths are popular with collectors of Lepidoptera In The Fauna of British India Including Ceylon and Burma Moths Volume II the genus described as follows Palpi reaching just above vertex of head the 2nd joint thickly scaled antennae of male fasciculated thorax smoothly scaled abdomen with dorsal ridges of coarse hair on proximal segments which are sometimes developed into tufts fore tibia more or less hairy hind tibia spined Fore wing with the apex nearly rectangular the cilia crenulate Hind wing with the cilia crenulate vein 5 from below center of discocellulars Larva with four pairs of abdominal prolegs 2 It is believed that the bright colors arranged in usually roughly concentric markings at a casual glance resemble the eyes of a predatory animal such as a cat An underwing moth well camouflaged in its daytime resting spot on a tree trunk or branch will suddenly flash open the hindwings when disturbed A bird or other small predator that is not used to this display is likely to be frightened allowing the moth to escape However unlike some other bright colored moths which are bad tasting or even poisonous to predators underwing moths are well palatable at least to some birds e g the blue jay Cyanocitta cristata To assist in avoiding nocturnal predators such as bats these moths also possess like many of their relatives fairly well developed hearing organs 3 nbsp Caterpillar of the beloved underwing C ilia The caterpillars of most species feed on the leaves of woody plants usually trees but sometimes shrubs Typical food plants are Fagales of the families Betulaceae Fagaceae and Juglandaceae mainly hickory Carya oak Quercus and walnut tree Juglans species as well as others such as alder Alnus beech Fagus birch Betula and chestnut Castanea The caterpillars of numerous Old World and some North American species feed on the Salicaceae Populus poplars and Salix willows which belong to the Malpighiales Less common larval food plants of Catocala are for example elms Ulmus and various Rosaceae of the Rosales Tilia linden and basswood of the Malvales or some Fabaceae of the Fabales as the preceding these all belong to the Fabidae lineage of rosid eudicots More unusually underwing moth caterpillars have also been found to feed on such plants as maple Acer which belongs to a distant lineage of rosids as well as on such plants as ash trees Fraxinus and blueberries Vaccinium which are asterids and quite unrelated to the other food plants by eudicot standards 4 The adults are predominantly nocturnal flying from shortly after dusk right up to daybreak They are generally most active about two hours after nightfall However several if not all species of underwing moths have a second activity period exactly around noon during which they are also regularly found on the wing for about 1 2 hours each day 5 The genus name Catocala roughly means beautiful hindwings It is a combination of two Ancient Greek words kato katw the rear one or the lower one and kalos kalos beautiful 6 Classification editThere are over 250 species in this genus The species of Catocala are here divided into a Eurasian group and another one which is found in North America This does not imply actual relationships it is mainly done to more conveniently deal with the large number of species Still it is not unlikely at all that the groups consist at least to some extent of closely related species 7 There are several cryptic species complexes in Catocala e g the group around the Delilah underwing C delilah these and other hitherto unknown species are still being discovered and described in some numbers Thus resolving the phylogeny and taxonomy of the underwing moths is an ongoing effort which has made as of 2011 update little progress In the scientific literature smaller subdivisions into putatively related species are sometimes applied but there is no consistent and widely accepted taxonomic treatment for the genus as a whole Synonyms edit Several distinct genera have formally been proposed for splitting from Catocala but these are all treated here as junior synonyms These synonyms and other invalid names of Catocala are 8 9 Andreusia Hampson 1913 unjustified emendation Andrewsia Grote 1882 Astiodes lapsus Astiotes Hubner 1823 Belpharidia lapsus Bihemena Beck 1966 Blephara Ochsenheimer 1816 unavailable Blepharidia Hubner 1822 Blepharonia Hubner 1823 unavailable 10 Blepharonia Hubner 1825 Blepharum Hubner 1806 rejected Catabapta Hulst 1884 Catacola lapsus Catocalla lapsus Convercala Beck 1966 Corisce Hubner 1823 Corisee lapsus Divercala Beck 1966 Ephesia Hubner 1818 Eucala Beck 1966 Eucora Hubner 1823 Eunetis Hubner 1823 Hemigeometra Haworth 1809 Koraia Nye 1975 Lamprosia Hubner 1821 Lamprosia Hubner 1827 non Huber 1821 preoccupied Metacala Beck 1966 Mormonia Hubner 1823 Mormosia lapsus Optocala Beck 1966 Promonia Beck 1966 Puercala Beck 1966 Reticcala Beck 1966 Simplicala Beck 1966 Palearctic species edit Catocala abacta Staudinger 1900 Catocala abamita Bremer amp Grey 1853 including C scortum Catocala actaea Felder amp Rogenhofer 1874 Catocala adultera Menetries 1856 Catocala aenigma Sheljuzhko 1943 Catocala aestimabilis Staudinger 1892 Catocala afghana Swinhoe 1885 Catocala agitatrix Graeser 1889 including C mabella Catocala amabilis Bang Haas 1907 Catocala amnonfreidbergi Kravchenko et al 2008 Catocala ariana Vartian 1964 Catocala armandi including C davidi Catocala artobolevskiji Sheljuzhko 1943 Catocala bella including C serenides Catocala bokhaica Catocala borthi Saldaitis Ivinskis Floriani amp Babics 2012 Catocala brandti Catocala butleri Catocala catei Weisert 1998 Catocala chenyixini Ishizuka 2011 Catocala columbina Catocala coniuncta Minsmere crimson underwing Catocala connexa Catocala contemnenda Catocala conversa Catocala danilovi Bang Haas 1927 Catocala dariana Sviridov Speidel Reshoft 1996 Catocala davidi Oberthur 1881 Catocala deducta Eversmann 1843 Catocala dejeani sometimes in C kuangtungensis Catocala desiderata Catocala detrita Warren 1913 Catocala deuteronympha Catocala dilecta Hubner 1808 type of Astiotes Catocala disjuncta Catocala dissimilis including C nigricans Catocala distorta Butler 1889 Catocala diversa Catocala doerriesi Catocala dotatoides Catocala dula Catocala duplicata Catocala editarevayae Catocala electa rosy underwing Catocala ella Butler 1877 Catocala ellamajor Ishizuka 2010 Catocala elocata French red underwing Catocala eminens Staudinger 1892 Catocala eutychea Catocala flavescens Catocala florianii Saldaitis amp Ivinskis 2008 Catocala formosana Okano 1958 Catocala fraxini blue underwing Clifden nonpareil type of Hemigeometra Catocala fredi Bytinsky Salz amp Brandt 1937 Catocala fugitiva Warren 1914 Catocala fulminea type of Ephesia Catocala fuscinupta Catocala gansan Ishizuka amp M Wang 2013 Catocala giuditta Schawerda 1934 Catocala haitzi Bang Haas 1936 Catocala hariti Ishizuka amp Ohshima 2002 Catocala helena Catocala hoenei Mell 1936 Catocala hoferi Ishizuka amp Ohshima 2003 Catocala hymenaea Catocala hymenoides Draeseke 1927 Catocala hyperconnexa Sugi 1965 Catocala inconstans Butler 1889 Catocala infasciata Mell 1936 Catocala intacta Catocala invasa Catocala jansseni A E Prout 1924 Catocala jonasii Butler 1877 Catocala jouga Ishizuka 2003 Catocala juncta Catocala jyoka Ishizuka 2006 Catocala kaki Ishizuka 2003 Catocala kasenko Ishizuka 2007 Catocala koreana Staudinger 1892 Catocala kotschubeyi Sheljuzhko 1927 Catocala kuangtungensis Catocala kusnezovi Pungeler 1914 Catocala lara Bremer 1861 Catocala largeteaui Oberthur 1881 Catocala laura Speidel Ivinskis amp Saldaitis 2008 Catocala leechi Catocala lehmanni Speidel Ivinskis amp Saldaitis 2008 Catocala lesbia Catocala longipalpis Mell 1936 Catocala lupina Herrich Schaffer 1851 Catocala luscinia Brandt 1938 Catocala maculata Vincent 1919 Catocala mariana Catocala martyrum Oberthur 1881 Catocala maso Ishizuka 2011 Catocala mesopotamica Catocala mirifica Butler 1877 Catocala moltrechti Bang Haas 1927 Catocala musmi Catocala naganoi Sugi 1982 Catocala nagioides Catocala naumanni Sviridov 1996 Catocala neglecta Catocala neonympha Esper 1805 type of Eucora Catocala nivea Butler 1877 Catocala nubila Catocala nupta red underwing Catocala nymphaea Catocala nymphaeoides Herrich Schaffer 1852 Catocala nymphagoga oak yellow underwing Catocala oberthueri Austaut 1879 Catocala obscena Alpheraky 1879 Catocala ohshimai Ishizuka 2001 Catocala olgaorlovae Catocala optata Catocala optima Turanga underwing Catocala pacta Catocala paki Kishida 1981 Catocala patala Felder amp Rogenhofer 1874 Catocala pataloides Catocala persimilis Catocala pirata Catocala praegnax Walker 1858 Catocala prolifica Walker 1857 Catocala promissa light crimson underwing Catocala proxeneta Alpheraky 1895 Catocala pudica Moore 1879 Catocala pudica sabine Saldaitis Pekarsky amp Borth 2014 Catocala puella Catocala puerpera type of Eunetis Catocala puerperoides Catocala remissa Catocala repudiata Catocala rhodosoma Rober 1927 Catocala seibaldi Saldaitis Ivinskis amp Borth 2010 including C pseudoformosana Catocala seiohbo Catocala separans Catocala separata Catocala sinyaevi Sviridov 2004 Catocala solntsevi Catocala sponsa dark crimson underwing Catocala sponsalis Catocala stamensis Kishida amp Suzuki 2002 Catocala streckeri Catocala sultana sometimes in C optata Catocala svetlana Sviridov 1997 Catocala szechuena Catocala tapestrina Moore 1882 Catocala thomsoni A E Prout 1924 Catocala timur Timur underwing Catocala tokui Catocala toropovi Saldaitis Kons amp Borth 2014 Catocala triphaenoides Oberthur 1881 Catocala uljanae Sinyaev Saldaitis amp Ivinskis 2007 Catocala viviannae Catocala weigerti Hacker 1999 Catocala wushensis Catocala xarippe Butler 1877 formerly in C fulminea Catocala xizangensis Chen 1991 Comparison of Eurasian species nbsp Catocala actaea nbsp Catocala agitatrix nbsp Catocala conjuncta nbsp Catocala conversa nbsp Catocala dilecta nbsp Catocala disjuncta nbsp Catocala diversa nbsp Catocala electarosy underwing nbsp Catocala elocataFrench red underwing nbsp Catocala eutychea nbsp Catocala fraxiniblue underwingtype species of Hemigeometra nbsp Catocala fulmineatype species of Ephesia nbsp Catocala hymenaea nbsp Catocala lara nbsp Catocala lupina nbsp Catocala mariana nbsp Catocala neonympha nbsp Catocala nuptared underwingtype species of Catocala nbsp Catocala nymphaea nbsp Catocala nymphagogaoak yellow underwing nbsp Catocala optata nbsp Catocala pacta nbsp Catocala promissalight crimson underwing nbsp Catocala puerperatype species of Eunetis nbsp Catocala separata nbsp Catocala sponsadark crimson underwingNearctic species edit Catocala abbreviatella Catocala agrippina Agrippina underwing Catocala aholibah Aholibah underwing Catocala alabamae Alabama underwing titan underwing including C olivia C titania Catocala allusa sometimes in C faustina Catocala amatrix sweetheart underwing type of Lamprosia Catocala amestris three staff underwing Catocala amica girlfriend underwing type of Corisce Catocala andromache Andromache underwing Catocala andromedae Andromeda underwing gloomy underwing Catocala angusi Angus underwing Catocala antinympha sweetfern underwing type of Catabapta Catocala atocala Atocala underwing Brou s underwing Catocala badia bay underwing bayberry underwing old maid Catocala benjamini Benjamin s underwing formerly in C andromache Catocala blandula charming underwing Catocala briseis Briseis underwing ribbed underwing Catocala caesia bluish gray underwing Catocala californica including C erichi Catocala californiensis Catocala cara darling underwing Catocala carissima carissima underwing formerly in C cara Catocala cerogama yellow banded underwing Catocala charlottae sometimes in C praeclara Catocala chelidonia Catocala cleopatra sometimes in C faustina Catocala clintoni Clinton s underwing Catocala coccinata scarlet underwing Catocala concumbens pink underwing sleepy underwing Catocala connubialis connubial underwing Catocala consors consort underwing Catocala crataegi hawthorn underwing chokeberry underwing Catocala dejecta dejected underwing Catocala delilah Delilah underwing Catocala desdemona Desdemona underwing including C ixion formerly in C delilah Catocala dulciola quiet underwing sweet underwing Catocala electilis Catocala epione Epione underwing type of Mormonia Catocala faustina Catocala flebilis mournful underwing Catocala francisca sometimes in C hermia Catocala frederici Catocala gracilis graceful underwing Catocala grisatra grisatra underwing Catocala grotiana Grote s underwing Catocala grynea woody underwing Catocala habilis habilis underwing Catocala hermia Hermia underwing including C sheba Catocala herodias Herodias underwing Gerhard s underwing Catocala hippolyta sometimes in C semirelicta Catocala ilia beloved underwing Ilia underwing wife underwing Catocala illecta Magdalen underwing Catocala innubens betrothed underwing Catocala insolabilis inconsolable underwing Catocala irene Irene s underwing Catocala jair Jair underwing barrens underwing Catocala jessica Jessica underwing including C babayaga Catocala johnsoniana Johnson s underwing Catocala judith Judith s underwing Catocala junctura joined underwing Stretch s underwing including C elsa C stretchii Catocala lacrymosa tearful underwing Catocala lincolnana Lincoln underwing Catocala lineella lineella underwing little lined underwing steely underwing formerly in C amica Catocala louiseae Louise s underwing including C protonympha Catocala luciana shining underwing Catocala maestosa sad underwing Catocala manitoba Manitoba underwing sometimes in C praeclara Catocala marmorata marbled underwing Catocala mcdunnoughi McDunnough s underwing Catocala meskei Meske s underwing Catocala messalina Messalina underwing type of Andrewsia Catocala micronympha little nymph underwing little bride underwing Catocala minuta little underwing Catocala mira wonderful underwing Catocala miranda Miranda underwing Catocala muliercula little wife underwing Catocala myristica Myristica underwing Kons amp Borth 2015 Catocala nebulosa clouded underwing Catocala neogama the bride including C euphemia Catocala nuptialis married underwing Catocala obscura obscure underwing Catocala ophelia Catocala orba Orba underwing Catocala palaeogama old wife underwing sometimes in C neogama Catocala parta mother underwing Catocala piatrix penitent underwing Catocala praeclara praeclara underwing Catocala pretiosa precious underwing formerly in C crataegi Catocala pretiosa texarkana Texarkana underwing Catocala relicta the relict white underwing Catocala residua residua underwing Catocala retecta yellow gray underwing Catocala retecta luctuosa yellow fringed underwing Catocala robinsoni Robinson s underwing Catocala sappho Sappho underwing Catocala semirelicta semirelict underwing including C nevadensis C pura Catocala serena serene underwing Catocala similis similar underwing Catocala sordida sordid underwing Catocala subnata youthful underwing Catocala texanae Texan underwing Catocala ulalume Ulalume underwing Catocala ultronia dark red underwing ultronia underwing Catocala umbrosa Catocala unijuga once married underwing Catocala verrilliana Verrill s underwing Catocala vidua widow underwing Catocala violenta Catocala whitneyi Whitney s underwing Comparison of North American species nbsp Catocala amatrix f nurussweetheart underwingtype species of Lamprosia nbsp Catocala amicagirlfriend underwingtype species of Corisce nbsp Catocala allusa nbsp Catocala andromacheAndromache underwing nbsp Catocala angusiAngus underwing nbsp Catocala antinymphasweetfern underwing nbsp Catocala badiabay underwing nbsp Catocala benjamini benjaminiBenjamin s underwing nbsp Catocala carissimacarissima underwing nbsp Catocala cerogamayellow banded underwing nbsp Catocala coccinatascarlet underwing nbsp Catocala concumbenspink underwing nbsp Catocala connubialis f sanctaconnubial underwing nbsp Catocala delilahDelilah underwing nbsp Catocala desdemonaDesdemona underwing nbsp Catocala frederici nbsp Catocala grotianaGrote s underwing nbsp Catocala gryneawoody underwing nbsp Catocala habilishabilis underwing nbsp Catocala hermia f dianthaHermia underwing nbsp Catocala innubensbetrothed underwing nbsp Catocala ireneIrene s underwing nbsp Catocala jessicaJessica underwing nbsp Catocala johnsonianaJohnson s underwing nbsp Catocala judithJudith s underwing nbsp Catocala lacrymosatearful underwing nbsp Catocala lineellalineella underwing nbsp Catocala lucianashining underwing nbsp Catocala maestosasad underwing nbsp Catocala manitobaManitoba underwing nbsp Catocala mcdunnoughiMcDunnough s underwing nbsp Catocala meskei f rosalindaMeske s underwing nbsp Catocala micronymphalittle nymph underwing nbsp Catocala neogama euphemiathe bride nbsp Catocala obscuraobscure underwing nbsp Catocala palaeogamaold wife underwing nbsp Catocala piatrix dionyzapenitent underwing nbsp Catocala relictathe relict nbsp Catocala retecta luctuosayellow fringed underwing nbsp Catocala serenaserene underwing nbsp Catocala subnatayouthful underwing nbsp Catocala texanaeTexan underwing nbsp Catocala ultroniadark red underwing nbsp Catocala unijugaonce married underwing nbsp Catocala verrilliana f beutenmuelleriVerrill s underwing nbsp Catocala viduawidow underwingOther underwing moths editAs noted in the introduction some species besides the Catocala species are also commonly known as underwings Typically however the name is used with a qualifier such as a color term in these cases Non Catocala underwing moths are typically owlet moths namely Subfamily Catocalinae Beautiful yellow underwing Anarta myrtilli Brown underwing Minucia lunaris Locust underwing Euparthenos nubilis European white underwing Catephia alchymista in North America white underwing typically refers to Catocala relictaSubfamily Amphipyrinae Copper underwing Amphipyra pyramidea Svensson s copper underwing Amphipyra berbera Subfamily Erebinae False underwing moth Allotria elonympha Subfamily Hadeninae Black underwing Mormo maura Blossom underwing Orthosia miniosa Broad bordered white underwing Hadula melanopa Guernsey underwing Polyphaenis sericata Lunar underwing Omphaloscelis lunosa Small dark yellow underwing Coranarta cordigera Small yellow underwing Panemeria tenebrata Straw underwing Thalpophila matura Subfamily Noctuinae Pearly underwing Peridroma saucia Yellow underwings proper some 15 species in the genus NoctuaHowever the orange underwings are two species of genus Archiearis of the geometer moth family Geometridae Orange underwing Archiearis parthenias Light orange underwing Archiearis notha nbsp Black underwingMormo mauraHadeninae nbsp Brown underwingMinucia lunarisCatocalinae nbsp White underwingCatephia alchymistaCatocalinae nbsp Svensson s copper underwingAmphipyra berberaAmphipyrinae nbsp Copper underwingAmphipyra pyramideaAmphipyrinae nbsp Mediterranean yellow underwingNoctua tirrenicaNoctuinae nbsp Broad bordered yellow underwingNoctua fimbriataNoctuinae nbsp Large yellow underwingNoctua pronubaNoctuinae nbsp Lesser broad bordered yellow underwingNoctua janthinaNoctuinae nbsp Least yellow underwingNoctua interjectaNoctuinae nbsp Least yellow underwingNoctua interpositaNoctuinae nbsp Lunar yellow underwingNoctua orbonaNoctuinae nbsp Lesser yellow underwingNoctua comesNoctuinae nbsp Small dark yellow underwingCoranarta cordigeraHadeninae nbsp Beautiful yellow underwing Anarta myrtilliCatocalinae nbsp Small yellow underwing Panemeria tenebrataCatocalinae nbsp Broad bordered white underwingHadula melanopaHadeninae nbsp Guernsey underwingPolyphaenis sericataHadeninae nbsp Straw underwing Thalpophila matura Hadeninae nbsp Blossom underwing Orthosia miniosa Hadeninae nbsp Pearly underwingPeridroma sauciaNoctuinae nbsp Orange underwingArchiearis partheniasGeometridae Archiearinae nbsp Light orange underwingArchiearis nothaGeometridae Archiearinae nbsp Pale orange underwingBoudinotiana puellaGeometridae ArchiearinaeFootnotes edit FE 2011 and see references in Savela 2012 Hampson G F 1894 The Fauna of British India Including Ceylon and Burma Moths Volume II Taylor and Francis via Biodiversity Heritage Library Fullard amp Napoleone 2001 Stevens 2005 Nelson amp Loy 1983 and see references in Savela 2012 Fullard amp Napoleone 2001 Woodhouse 1910 See references in Savela 2012 Pitkin amp Jenkins 2004b Savela Markku July 27 2019 Catocala Schrank 1802 Lepidoptera and Some Other Life Forms Retrieved January 6 2020 Blepharonia was initially proposed as name for a tribe in 1823 and only established as a genus name Blepharonia in 1825 Pitkin amp Jenkins 2004a References editFauna Europaea FE 2011 Catocala Version 2 4 January 27 2011 Retrieved March 29 2012 Fullard James H Napoleone Nadia 2001 Diel flight periodicity and the evolution of auditory defences in the Macrolepidoptera PDF Animal Behaviour 62 2 349 368 doi 10 1006 anbe 2001 1753 S2CID 53182157 Archived from the original PDF on 2007 06 15 Nelson John M amp Loy Peter W 1983 The Underwing Moths Lepidoptera Noctuidae of Oklahoma Proceedings of the Oklahoma Academy of Science 63 60 67 PDF fulltext Pitkin Brian amp Jenkins Paul 2004a Butterflies and Moths of the World Generic Names and their Type species Blepharonia Hubner 1823 Version of November 5 2004 Retrieved March 29 2012 Pitkin Brian amp Jenkins Paul 2004b Butterflies and Moths of the World Generic Names and their Type species Catocala Version of November 5 2004 Retrieved March 29 2012 Savela Markku Catocala Schrank 1802 Lepidoptera and Some Other Life Forms Archived from the original on July 20 2019 Retrieved December 20 2018 Stevens Martin 2005 The role of eyespots as anti predator mechanisms principally demonstrated in the Lepidoptera Biological Reviews 80 4 573 588 doi 10 1017 S1464793105006810 PDF fultlext Woodhouse S C 1910 English Greek Dictionary A Vocabulary of the Attic Language George Routledge amp Sons Ltd Broadway House Ludgate Hill E C Searchable JPEG fulltextFurther reading editThis article includes a list of general references but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations March 2012 Learn how and when to remove this template message Ishizuka K 2002 Notes on Catocala columbina Leech 1900 Lepidoptela Noctuidae with description of new taxa Gekkan Mushi 379 12 13 Ishizuka K 2007 A new species of Catocala Schrank 1802 from Western China Lepidoptera Noctuidae Gekkan Mushi 439 22 24 Muller Gunter Kravchenko Vasiliy Witt Thomas Junnila Amy Mooser J Saldaitis Aidas Reshoft K Ivinskis Povilas Zahiri Reza amp Speidel Wolfgang 2008 New underwing taxa of the section of Catocala lesbia Christoph 1887 Lepidoptera Noctuidae Acta Zoologica Lituanica 18 1 30 49 Kravchenko V D Speidel W et al 2008 A new species of Catocala from Israel Lepidoptera Noctuidae Acta Zoologica Lituanica 18 2 127 129 Leech J J 1900 Transactions of the Entomological Society of London 1900 511 663 Lewandowski S amp Tober K 2008 Catocala olgaorlovae duschara subspec nov aus Jordanien Lepidoptera Noctuidae Atalanta 39 1 4 377 378 Saldaitis A amp Ivinskis P 2008 Catocala florianii a new species Lepidoptera Noctuidae from China Acta Zoologica Lituanica 18 2 124 126 Saldaitis A amp Pekarsky O amp Borth R 2014 A new subspecies of Catocala pudica Moore 1879 Lepidoptera Noctuidae sensu lato Erebinae from Mongolia Esperiana 19 255 262 Sinyaev V Saldaitis A amp Ivinskis P 2007 Acta Zoologica Lituanica 17 4 272 275 Speidel W Ivinskis P amp Saldaitis A 2008 A new Catocala species Lepidoptera Noctuidae from China Acta Zoologica Lituanica 18 2 122 123 Weisert F 1998 Zeitschrift der Arbeitsgemeinschaft der Osterreichischen Entomologen 50 125 126 External links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Catocala Bartlett Troy February 16 2018 Genus Catocala Underwings BugGuide Retrieved December 20 2018 Oehlke Bill January 1 2013 Catocala Classification and Common Names Catocala Retrieved January 13 2019 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Catocala amp oldid 1182885799, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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