Charles Howard McIlwain

Charles Howard McIlwain (March 15, 1871 – June 1, 1968) was an American historian and political scientist. He won the Pulitzer Prize for History in 1924. He was educated at Princeton University and Harvard University and taught at both institutions, as well as the University of Oxford, Miami University, and Bowdoin College. Though he trained as a lawyer, his career was mostly academic, devoted to constitutional history. He was a member of several learned societies and served as president of the American Historical Association in 1935–1936.

Charles Howard McIlwain
Born	(1871-03-15)March 15, 1871 Saltsburg, Pennsylvania, United States
Died	June 1, 1968(1968-06-01) (aged 97)
Awards	Pulitzer Prize for History (1924)
Academic background
Education	Princeton University (AB, MA) Harvard University (AM)
Academic work
Discipline	History
Institutions	Miami University Princeton University Bowdoin College Harvard University University of Oxford

Early life and career

McIlwain was born March 15, 1871, in Saltsburg, Pennsylvania. In 1894 Princeton University awarded him a bachelor's degree.^[1] He then moved to Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, where he served as a clerk within a law firm while studying the law. In 1897 he was admitted to the Pennsylvania bar^[2] in Allegheny County.^[1]

Though McIlwain remained interested in law through his life, he quickly abandoned his legal career.^[2] In 1898 he received a master's degree from Princeton University,^[3] and began teaching Latin and history and coaching track and field at The Kiski School in Saltsburg.^[1][4] He left in 1901 to pursue a master's degree at Harvard University. After obtaining the degree in 1903 he began teaching history at Miami University.^[1]

Academic career

In 1905 Woodrow Wilson, then President of Princeton University, instituted a preceptorial system, a modified version of the tutorial system of Oxbridge, at Princeton. After interviewing McIlwain personally, Wilson appointed him to the inaugural group of 45 Princeton preceptors.^[5] McIlwain remained at Princeton until 1910, when he left^[6] to become the Thomas Brackett Reed Professor of History and Political Science^[7] at Bowdoin College. There he published his first book, The High Court of Parliament and Its Supremacy,^[8] which caught the attention of fellow historians and led to his appointment^[2] in 1911 as an assistant professor of history at Harvard. He was named a full professor of history and government in 1916.^[1]

McIlwain spent the rest of his academic career at Harvard, where he taught courses on the constitutional history of England and the history of political theory. In 1918 he edited a collection of political treatises and speeches of James VI and I, the king of England, Scotland, and Ireland.^[2] In 1923 he published The American Revolution: A Constitutional Interpretation, in which he argued that the American Revolution came about because of a disagreement over the interpretation of the constitution of the United Kingdom.^[9] The following year he received the Pulitzer Prize for History for this book.^[10] In 1926 he was appointed the Eaton Professor of the Sciences of Government at Harvard.^[4] In 1932 he published another book, The Growth of Political Thought in the West. In 1934 he was named a Fellow of the Medieval Academy of America. He served as President of the American Historical Association 1935–1936. He was also a member of the American Philosophical Society and a Corresponding Fellow of the British Academy.^[2]

In 1940 McIlwain published Constitutionalism: Ancient and Modern, in which he identified government power and an independent judiciary and the countervailing forces underlying constitutionalism. He also discussed the ancient Roman and English roots of United States constitutionalism. He published a revised version of this book in 1947.^[9] During 1944 McIlwain served as the George Eastman Visiting Professor at Oxford, the first person named to that post since the start of World War II.^[11][12] At Oxford he was a member of Balliol College.^[4] He retired from Harvard in 1946.^[2]

Later life and legacy

McIlwain received honorary doctorates from the University of Chicago in 1941^[13] and Yale University in 1951.^[14] He corresponded with the World Federalist Movement's Committee to Frame a World Constitution in the mid-1940s.^[15] He died June 1, 1968.^[2] In 1986 a preceptorship at Princeton was established in his name. Eric Santner was the inaugural Charles H. McIlwain Preceptor.^[16]

Works

• 1910 - The High Court of Parliament and Its Supremacy.^[17]
• 1918 - The Political Works of James I (ed.)^[18]
• 1924 - The American Revolution: A Constitutional Interpretation.^[19]
• 1932 - The Growth of Political Thought in the West: From the Greeks to the End of the Middle Ages.^[20]
• 1936 - The Historian's Part in a Changing World (Presidential address to the American Historical Association)^[21]
• 1940 - Constitutionalism Ancient and Modern.^[22]
• 1947 - The Historian^[23]

References

1. Fischer, Heinz-Dietrich (1994). The Pulitzer Prize Archive, Volume 7: American History Awards 1917–1991. K. G. Saur Verlag. p. 31. ISBN 9783598301773. Retrieved December 22, 2011.
2. Post, Gaines; Strayer, Joseph R.; Thorne, Samuel E. (July 1969). "Charles Howard McIlwain". Speculum. 44 (3): 528.
3. "New history professor appointed". The Harvard Crimson. February 23, 1911. Retrieved December 22, 2011.
4. "Faculty Profile: Charles Howard McIlwain". The Harvard Crimson. May 4, 1946. Retrieved December 22, 2011.
5. Finch, Jeremiah S. (1978). . Archived from the original on March 14, 2012. Retrieved December 22, 2011.
6. "Charles S. McIlwain '94 accepts assistant professorship at Harvard". The Daily Princetonian. February 25, 1911. p. 1.
7. McIlwain, Charles Howard. The High Court of Parliament and Its Supremacy. Yale University Press. p. iii.
8. "New book by Prof. McIlwain". Bowdoin Orient. April 8, 1910. p. 133. Retrieved December 22, 2011.
9. Mahoney, Dennis J. (2000). "Encyclopedia of the American Constitution: McIlwain, Charles H. (1871–1968)". Macmillan Reference USA. Retrieved December 22, 2011.^{[permanent dead link]}
10. Pulitzer Prize Board. "1924 winners". Retrieved December 22, 2011.
11. "Eaton Professor McIlwain presented with Oxford visiting professorship". The Harvard Crimson. March 10, 1944. Retrieved December 22, 2011.
12. Association of American Rhodes Scholars. "Eastman Professors at the University of Oxford". Retrieved December 22, 2011.
13. University of Chicago. . Archived from the original on January 27, 2012. Retrieved December 22, 2011.
14. Yale University. . Archived from the original on May 21, 2015. Retrieved December 22, 2011.
15. Princeton University Library (August 2007). . Archived from the original on May 23, 2012. Retrieved December 22, 2011.
16. Princeton University (July 11, 2011). "Bicentennial preceptorships". Retrieved December 22, 2011.
17. The High Court of Parliament and Its Supremacy : Charles Howard McIlwain: Notes from the Editors. Legal Classics Library. 2003.
18. Charles Howard McIlwain (1918). The Political Works of James I. Harvard University Press.
19. McIlwain, Charles Howard (January 1, 1923). The American Revolution: A Constitutional Interpretation. Macmillan.
20. McIlwain, Charles Howard (January 1, 1968). The growth of political thought in the West: from the Greeks to the end of the Middle Ages. Cooper Square Publishers.
21. "C. H. McIlwain". www.historians.org. Retrieved April 14, 2016.
22. McIlwain, Charles Howard (January 1, 2007). Constitutionalism: Ancient and Modern. Amagi/Liberty Fund. ISBN 978-0-86597-696-2.
23. McIlwain, Charles Howard (1947). Heywood, Robert B. (ed.). The Works of the Mind: The Historian. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. OCLC 752682744.

External links

• Works by or about Charles Howard McIlwain at Internet Archive
• Works by Charles Howard McIlwain at LibriVox (public domain audiobooks)  
• Full text of The High Court of Parliament and Its Supremacy at the Internet Archive