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C. D. Deshmukh

January 07, 2023

Sir Chintaman Dwarakanath Deshmukh, CIE, ICS (14 January 1896 – 2 October 1982) was an Indian civil servant and the first Indian[5] to be appointed the Governor of the Reserve Bank of India in 1943 by the British Raj authorities. He subsequently served as the Finance Minister in the Union Cabinet (1950–1956). It was during this time that he also became a founding member of the Governing Body of NCAER, the National Council of Applied Economic Research in New Delhi, India's first independent economic policy institute established in 1956 at the behest of Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru. After resignation from Union Cabinet he worked as Chairman of UGC (1956–1961). He served as Vice-Chancellor of University of Delhi (1962–67). He was also President of Indian Statistical Institute from 1945 to 1964, Honorary Chairman of National Book Trust (1957–60). He founded India International Center in 1959 and served as Lifetime President of it. He was also chairman of Indian Institute of Public Administration.

Sir
Chintaman Dwarkanath Deshmukh
PV, CIE, ICS
Deshmukh at Palam Airport in 1952
Vice Chancellor of University of Delhi
In office
1962 - 1967
Chairman of University Grants Commission
In office
1956 - 1961
Minister of Finance
In office
29 May 1950[1]– 24 July 1956[2][3]
Prime MinisterJawaharlal Nehru
Preceded byJohn Mathai
Succeeded byT. T. Krishnamachari
3rd Governor of the Reserve Bank of India
In office
11 August 1943 – 30 June 1949[4]
Preceded byJames Braid Taylor
Succeeded byBenegal Rama Rau
Personal details
Born(1896-01-14)14 January 1896
Nate, Bombay Presidency (now Maharashtra), British India
Died2 October 1982(1982-10-02) (aged 86)
Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh (now Telangana), India
Spouse(s)Rosina 1919-49 (her death)
Durgabai 1953-1981 (her death)
ChildrenDaughter
Alma materUniversity of Cambridge
AwardsPadma Vibushan (1975), Ramon Magsaysay Award (1959)
Signature

Early life and education

Chintaman Deshmukh was born in a Marathi-speaking Chandraseniya Kayastha Prabhu (CKP) family[6] to Dwarakanath Ganesh Deshmukh, a lawyer and Bhagirathibai on 14 January 1896 in Nategaon, near Fort Raigad, Maharashtra.[7] He was schooled at Roha and Tala and at the Elphinstone High School, Bombay.[8] In 1912, Deshmukh passed the Matriculation Examination of the University of Bombay with record marks and secured the first Jagannath Shankarseth Scholarship in Sanskrit.[9] In 1915 he went to England and graduated with a degree in Natural Sciences Tripos from Jesus College, Cambridge in 1917. He was awarded the Frank Smart Prize in Botany and was also president of the Majlis Society. In 1918 he sat for, and stood first in the Indian Civil Service Examination, then held only in London.[10][11]

Civil service career

Deshmukh returned to India in 1920 and worked in the Central Provinces and Berar where he went on to hold several posts including as undersecretary to the government, Deputy Commissioner and Settlement Officer and as secretary to the Secretary-General at the Second Round Table Conference of 1931, later becoming secretary to the finance and public works department.[12][13] He also served briefly as Joint Secretary to Government of India in the departments of education and health and was Custodian of Enemy Property.[14]

At the Reserve Bank of India

Deshmukh joined the Reserve Bank of India in 1939 and served successively as its Secretary to the Board, Deputy Governor and the Governor.[15] He was appointed Governor of the Reserve Bank of India in August 1943 and is one of the eight Deputy Governors of the Bank who have gone on to become its Governor.[16][17] As Governor, Deshmukh helped establish the Industrial Finance Corporation and focused on the promotion of rural credit.[18] Deshmukh's tenure saw the RBI begin a Research and Statistics department, the demonetisation of bank notes of ₹ 500 and above, the ceasing of the RBI's role as the central banks of Burma and State Bank of Pakistan and the enactment of the Banking Companies Act, 1949 that laid down the framework for regulation of India's banking sector.[19] The RBI was nationalised on 1 January 1949 through the RBI Act, 1948.[20] Deshmukh opposed this proposal for nationalisation but agreed to continue as the chairman of the board of directors presiding over the transition of the bank from a private to a nationalised institution.[21][22][23] In July 1949 Benegal Rama Rau succeeded Deshmukh as the Governor of the RBI.[19]

Bretton Woods Conference

Deshmukh was a member of a five-member delegation representing India at the Bretton Woods Conference that established the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD).[24] On the issue of quotas, Deshmukh suggested that India walk out of the conference since the original hierarchy would have excluded India from being automatically represented through an executive director at the IMF.[25] The delegation also succeeded in bringing the issues of poverty and development into the agenda of the IBRD.[26] It is said that John Maynard Keynes was so impressed by the “dignity, ability and reasonableness” of Deshmukh that he recommended Deshmukh head the IMF as its first managing director a suggestion that was however rejected by the United States.[27][26][28][29]

He was a member of the Board of Governors of both of these institutions from 1946-1956. In 1950, he was elected Chairman of the Joint Annual Meeting of the Boards of Governors of these institutions at its Paris Conference.[30]

Deshmukh Award

Following Partition, the division of income tax revenue and jute export duty between the Union government and the states of India had to be decided based on the changed geographical realities. The Government of India appointed Deshmukh to resolve this matter pending the establishment of a Finance Commission. The Deshmukh Award, which was effected in 1950, factored in population in deciding the division of revenue and recommended grants in aid for various states and remained in force until April 1952.[31][32][33][34]

Union Finance Minister

Deshmukh was one of five members of the Planning Commission when it was constituted in 1950 by a cabinet resolution.[35][36] Deshmukh succeeded John Mathai as the Union Finance Minister in 1950 after Mathai resigned in protest over the transfer of certain powers to the Planning Commission.[37] As Finance Minister, Deshmukh continued to remain a member of the Planning Commission.[38] His successors as Finance Minister were also made members of the Commission thus establishing a convention of the Finance Minister being an ex officio member of the Commission.[35] Deshmukh's term as Finance Minister covered the period of the First Five Year Plan. He employed deficit financing as a key tool in bringing about planned investment but inflation and revenue deficits became major challenges during this period.[39] Deshmukh was also chairman of a panel of economists that recommended the proposed Second Five Year Plan with its capital intensive model of development. He envisioned a significant role for the village and cottage industries in curbing unemployment and inflation caused by deficit financing and got the Congress Working Committee to approve the draft plan.[40][41][42]

Deshmukh's first budget of 1951-52 proposed an overall rise in taxes.[43] The following year he presented an interim budget for 1952-53 and a full budget in the first elected Parliament of India to which he was elected from the Kolaba constituency of Bombay State.[44][45][46] In 1952 Deshmukh invited Paul Appleby to study Indian administration and Appleby's reports led to the establishment of the Organisation and Management Organisation in the Government of India and the establishment of the Indian Institute of Public Administration of which Deshmukh later became vice president and chairman.[47][48] In 1955, the State Bank of India was formed through the nationalisation and amalgamation of the Imperial Bank with several smaller banks. This was undertaken on the recommendation of the All-India Rural Credit Survey Committee although Deshmukh had been opposed to plans for nationalising the bank when he was the RBI Governor.[49][50] The nationalisation of insurance companies and the formation of the Life Insurance Corporation of India was accomplished by him through the Life Insurance Corporation of India Act, 1956.[51][52] He resigned over the proposal of the Government of India to move a bill in Parliament bifurcating Bombay State into Gujarat and Maharashtra while designating the City of Bombay a Union Territory.[53][54] Deshmukh's tenure - during which he delivered six budgets and an interim budget[55] - is noted for the effective management of the Indian economy and its steady growth which saw the economy recover from the impacts of the events of the 1940s.[56][57]

Later career

Shortly after his resignation from the Cabinet, Deshmukh was appointed Chairman of India's University Grants Commission in 1956, a post he held until 1961.[58][59][60] Deshmukh, who was the first chairman of the commission after it became a statutory body, played a key role in the development of university libraries during his tenure.[61][62] He was also the founding chairman of the National Book Trust which was inaugurated in 1957 with the aim of making available books priced moderately to the general public and libraries.[63] From 1962 - 1967, Deshmukh served as the tenth Vice Chancellor of the University of Delhi. He invited the Ford Foundation to survey and finance the upgradation of the Delhi University Library through a grant of US$ 1 million.[64]

Deshmukh contested the Indian presidential election of 1969 as a candidate of the Swatantra Party and the Jana Sangh and won the third-highest number of first preference votes.[65][66][67][68]

Personal life

Deshmukh married Rosina Arthur Wilcox in 1920 with whom he had a daughter, Primrose.[69] After Rosina's death in 1949, Deshmukh married Durgabai in 1953 and they were married until her death in 1981. Chintaman and I is her memoir published in 1980.[70]

In 1974 he published his autobiography The Course of My Life.[71]

Deshmukh died in Hyderabad on 2 October 1982.[72]

Awards

 
Deshmukh on a 2004 stamp of India

Deshmukh was appointed a Companion of the Order of the Indian Empire in 1937 and conferred a knighthood in 1944.[73][74]

He was awarded an honorary Doctor of Science by the University of Calcutta in 1957 and an honorary Doctor of Literature by the Panjab University in 1959.[75][76]

In 1959, Deshmukh was a co-recipient (along with Jose Aguilar of the Philippines[77]) of the Ramon Magsaysay Award for distinguished Government Service. Jesus College, Cambridge, Deshmukh's alma mater, elected him its Honorary Fellow in 1952 in recognition of his distinguished contribution in the areas of Indian and international finance and administration.

In 1975, Chintaman and Durgabai Deshmukh were awarded the Padma Vibhushan.[78]

Legacy

The Reserve Bank of India organises the annual lecture series called 'Chintaman Deshmukh Memorial Lectures', since 1984.[79] The National Council of Applied Economic Research also conducts the annual C.D. Deshmukh Memorial Lecture since 2013.[80][81][82]

The Thane Municipal Corporation established the Chintamanrao Deshmukh Institute for Administrative Careers in 1987, to prepare the youth to enter the civil services.[83] A road in the Tilakwadi area of the city of Belgaum has been named as 'C. D. Deshmukh Road'. The India International Centre in New Delhi has an auditorium named after Deshmukh.[84][85]

In 2004, a commemorative postage stamp was released in his honour.[86]

The National Insurance Academy organises the annual seminar called "CD Deshmukh Memorial Seminar" since the last 22 years.

References

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January 07, 2023
deshmukh, chintaman, dwarakanath, deshmukh, january, 1896, october, 1982, indian, civil, servant, first, indian, appointed, governor, reserve, bank, india, 1943, british, authorities, subsequently, served, finance, minister, union, cabinet, 1950, 1956, during,. Sir Chintaman Dwarakanath Deshmukh CIE ICS 14 January 1896 2 October 1982 was an Indian civil servant and the first Indian 5 to be appointed the Governor of the Reserve Bank of India in 1943 by the British Raj authorities He subsequently served as the Finance Minister in the Union Cabinet 1950 1956 It was during this time that he also became a founding member of the Governing Body of NCAER the National Council of Applied Economic Research in New Delhi India s first independent economic policy institute established in 1956 at the behest of Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru After resignation from Union Cabinet he worked as Chairman of UGC 1956 1961 He served as Vice Chancellor of University of Delhi 1962 67 He was also President of Indian Statistical Institute from 1945 to 1964 Honorary Chairman of National Book Trust 1957 60 He founded India International Center in 1959 and served as Lifetime President of it He was also chairman of Indian Institute of Public Administration SirChintaman Dwarkanath DeshmukhPV CIE ICSDeshmukh at Palam Airport in 1952Vice Chancellor of University of DelhiIn office 1962 1967Chairman of University Grants CommissionIn office 1956 1961Minister of FinanceIn office 29 May 1950 1 24 July 1956 2 3 Prime MinisterJawaharlal NehruPreceded byJohn MathaiSucceeded byT T Krishnamachari3rd Governor of the Reserve Bank of IndiaIn office 11 August 1943 30 June 1949 4 Preceded byJames Braid TaylorSucceeded byBenegal Rama RauPersonal detailsBorn 1896 01 14 14 January 1896Nate Bombay Presidency now Maharashtra British IndiaDied2 October 1982 1982 10 02 aged 86 Hyderabad Andhra Pradesh now Telangana IndiaSpouse s Rosina 1919 49 her death Durgabai 1953 1981 her death ChildrenDaughterAlma materUniversity of CambridgeAwardsPadma Vibushan 1975 Ramon Magsaysay Award 1959 Signature Contents 1 Early life and education 2 Civil service career 3 At the Reserve Bank of India 4 Bretton Woods Conference 5 Deshmukh Award 6 Union Finance Minister 7 Later career 8 Personal life 9 Awards 10 Legacy 11 ReferencesEarly life and education EditChintaman Deshmukh was born in a Marathi speaking Chandraseniya Kayastha Prabhu CKP family 6 to Dwarakanath Ganesh Deshmukh a lawyer and Bhagirathibai on 14 January 1896 in Nategaon near Fort Raigad Maharashtra 7 He was schooled at Roha and Tala and at the Elphinstone High School Bombay 8 In 1912 Deshmukh passed the Matriculation Examination of the University of Bombay with record marks and secured the first Jagannath Shankarseth Scholarship in Sanskrit 9 In 1915 he went to England and graduated with a degree in Natural Sciences Tripos from Jesus College Cambridge in 1917 He was awarded the Frank Smart Prize in Botany and was also president of the Majlis Society In 1918 he sat for and stood first in the Indian Civil Service Examination then held only in London 10 11 Civil service career EditDeshmukh returned to India in 1920 and worked in the Central Provinces and Berar where he went on to hold several posts including as undersecretary to the government Deputy Commissioner and Settlement Officer and as secretary to the Secretary General at the Second Round Table Conference of 1931 later becoming secretary to the finance and public works department 12 13 He also served briefly as Joint Secretary to Government of India in the departments of education and health and was Custodian of Enemy Property 14 At the Reserve Bank of India EditDeshmukh joined the Reserve Bank of India in 1939 and served successively as its Secretary to the Board Deputy Governor and the Governor 15 He was appointed Governor of the Reserve Bank of India in August 1943 and is one of the eight Deputy Governors of the Bank who have gone on to become its Governor 16 17 As Governor Deshmukh helped establish the Industrial Finance Corporation and focused on the promotion of rural credit 18 Deshmukh s tenure saw the RBI begin a Research and Statistics department the demonetisation of bank notes of 500 and above the ceasing of the RBI s role as the central banks of Burma and State Bank of Pakistan and the enactment of the Banking Companies Act 1949 that laid down the framework for regulation of India s banking sector 19 The RBI was nationalised on 1 January 1949 through the RBI Act 1948 20 Deshmukh opposed this proposal for nationalisation but agreed to continue as the chairman of the board of directors presiding over the transition of the bank from a private to a nationalised institution 21 22 23 In July 1949 Benegal Rama Rau succeeded Deshmukh as the Governor of the RBI 19 Bretton Woods Conference EditDeshmukh was a member of a five member delegation representing India at the Bretton Woods Conference that established the International Monetary Fund IMF and International Bank for Reconstruction and Development IBRD 24 On the issue of quotas Deshmukh suggested that India walk out of the conference since the original hierarchy would have excluded India from being automatically represented through an executive director at the IMF 25 The delegation also succeeded in bringing the issues of poverty and development into the agenda of the IBRD 26 It is said that John Maynard Keynes was so impressed by the dignity ability and reasonableness of Deshmukh that he recommended Deshmukh head the IMF as its first managing director a suggestion that was however rejected by the United States 27 26 28 29 He was a member of the Board of Governors of both of these institutions from 1946 1956 In 1950 he was elected Chairman of the Joint Annual Meeting of the Boards of Governors of these institutions at its Paris Conference 30 Deshmukh Award EditFollowing Partition the division of income tax revenue and jute export duty between the Union government and the states of India had to be decided based on the changed geographical realities The Government of India appointed Deshmukh to resolve this matter pending the establishment of a Finance Commission The Deshmukh Award which was effected in 1950 factored in population in deciding the division of revenue and recommended grants in aid for various states and remained in force until April 1952 31 32 33 34 Union Finance Minister EditDeshmukh was one of five members of the Planning Commission when it was constituted in 1950 by a cabinet resolution 35 36 Deshmukh succeeded John Mathai as the Union Finance Minister in 1950 after Mathai resigned in protest over the transfer of certain powers to the Planning Commission 37 As Finance Minister Deshmukh continued to remain a member of the Planning Commission 38 His successors as Finance Minister were also made members of the Commission thus establishing a convention of the Finance Minister being an ex officio member of the Commission 35 Deshmukh s term as Finance Minister covered the period of the First Five Year Plan He employed deficit financing as a key tool in bringing about planned investment but inflation and revenue deficits became major challenges during this period 39 Deshmukh was also chairman of a panel of economists that recommended the proposed Second Five Year Plan with its capital intensive model of development He envisioned a significant role for the village and cottage industries in curbing unemployment and inflation caused by deficit financing and got the Congress Working Committee to approve the draft plan 40 41 42 Deshmukh s first budget of 1951 52 proposed an overall rise in taxes 43 The following year he presented an interim budget for 1952 53 and a full budget in the first elected Parliament of India to which he was elected from the Kolaba constituency of Bombay State 44 45 46 In 1952 Deshmukh invited Paul Appleby to study Indian administration and Appleby s reports led to the establishment of the Organisation and Management Organisation in the Government of India and the establishment of the Indian Institute of Public Administration of which Deshmukh later became vice president and chairman 47 48 In 1955 the State Bank of India was formed through the nationalisation and amalgamation of the Imperial Bank with several smaller banks This was undertaken on the recommendation of the All India Rural Credit Survey Committee although Deshmukh had been opposed to plans for nationalising the bank when he was the RBI Governor 49 50 The nationalisation of insurance companies and the formation of the Life Insurance Corporation of India was accomplished by him through the Life Insurance Corporation of India Act 1956 51 52 He resigned over the proposal of the Government of India to move a bill in Parliament bifurcating Bombay State into Gujarat and Maharashtra while designating the City of Bombay a Union Territory 53 54 Deshmukh s tenure during which he delivered six budgets and an interim budget 55 is noted for the effective management of the Indian economy and its steady growth which saw the economy recover from the impacts of the events of the 1940s 56 57 Later career EditShortly after his resignation from the Cabinet Deshmukh was appointed Chairman of India s University Grants Commission in 1956 a post he held until 1961 58 59 60 Deshmukh who was the first chairman of the commission after it became a statutory body played a key role in the development of university libraries during his tenure 61 62 He was also the founding chairman of the National Book Trust which was inaugurated in 1957 with the aim of making available books priced moderately to the general public and libraries 63 From 1962 1967 Deshmukh served as the tenth Vice Chancellor of the University of Delhi He invited the Ford Foundation to survey and finance the upgradation of the Delhi University Library through a grant of US 1 million 64 Deshmukh contested the Indian presidential election of 1969 as a candidate of the Swatantra Party and the Jana Sangh and won the third highest number of first preference votes 65 66 67 68 Personal life EditDeshmukh married Rosina Arthur Wilcox in 1920 with whom he had a daughter Primrose 69 After Rosina s death in 1949 Deshmukh married Durgabai in 1953 and they were married until her death in 1981 Chintaman and I is her memoir published in 1980 70 In 1974 he published his autobiography The Course of My Life 71 Deshmukh died in Hyderabad on 2 October 1982 72 Awards Edit Deshmukh on a 2004 stamp of India Deshmukh was appointed a Companion of the Order of the Indian Empire in 1937 and conferred a knighthood in 1944 73 74 He was awarded an honorary Doctor of Science by the University of Calcutta in 1957 and an honorary Doctor of Literature by the Panjab University in 1959 75 76 In 1959 Deshmukh was a co recipient along with Jose Aguilar of the Philippines 77 of the Ramon Magsaysay Award for distinguished Government Service Jesus College Cambridge Deshmukh s alma mater elected him its Honorary Fellow in 1952 in recognition of his distinguished contribution in the areas of Indian and international finance and administration In 1975 Chintaman and Durgabai Deshmukh were awarded the Padma Vibhushan 78 Legacy EditThe Reserve Bank of India organises the annual lecture series called Chintaman Deshmukh Memorial Lectures since 1984 79 The National Council of Applied Economic Research also conducts the annual C D Deshmukh Memorial Lecture since 2013 80 81 82 The Thane Municipal Corporation established the Chintamanrao Deshmukh Institute for Administrative Careers in 1987 to prepare the youth to enter the civil services 83 A road in the Tilakwadi area of the city of Belgaum has been named as C D Deshmukh Road The India International Centre in New Delhi has an auditorium named after Deshmukh 84 85 In 2004 a commemorative postage stamp was released in his honour 86 The National Insurance Academy organises the annual seminar called CD Deshmukh Memorial Seminar since the last 22 years References Edit Dr Rajendra Prasad swearing in Shri C D Deshmukh as Finance Minister at the ceremony held at Government House on May 29 1950 photodivision gov in Ranjana Arora Verinder Grover 1994 Federation of India and States Reorganisation Reconstruction and Consolidation New Delhi Deep amp Deep Publications p 8 ISBN 9788171005413 Gopa Sabharwal 2007 India Since 1947 The Independent Years Penguin UK p 89 ISBN 9789352140893 Partha Ray 17 November 2014 Political Economy of Central Banking in India PDF IGIDR p 16 Retrieved 25 July 2016 Chintaman Deshmukh Memorial Lectures Reserve Bank of India Archived from the original on 30 December 2006 Retrieved 8 December 2006 Yogendra K Malik 1981 South Asian intellectuals and social change a study of the role of vernacular speaking intelligentsia the University of Michigan p 63 CD Deshmukh 1896 a C K P served as a civil servant becoming nationally known as a financial expert only after the independence M L Ahuja 2009 Great Administrators Of India Delhi Kalpaz Publications p 33 ISBN 9788178357294 Bakhtiar Dadabhoy 2013 Barons of Banking Noida Random House India ISBN 9788184004762 Aruṇa Ṭikekara 2006 The Cloister s Pale A Biography of the University of Mumbai Mumbai Popular Prakashan p 105 ISBN 9788179912935 Sumita Mukherjee 2010 Nationalism Education and Migrant Identities The England returned Oxon Routledge p 129 ISBN 9781135271138 Chintaman Deshmukh Memorial Lectures Reserve Bank of India Retrieved 4 July 2016 TREASURY CODE VOL II PDF p 5 Retrieved 4 July 2016 Central Provinces amp Berar Gazette PDF Central Provinces amp Berar Gazette 1301 October 1937 Deshmukh Chintaman Ramon Magsaysay Award Foundation August 1959 Archived from the original on 28 August 2016 Retrieved 13 July 2016 C R Rao 2014 Essays on Econometrics and Planning New Delhi Elsevier p 2 ISBN 9781483225616 Tapan Raychaudhuri Dharma Kumar Irfan Habib Meghnad Desai 1983 The Cambridge Economic History of India Volume 2 C 1751 c 1970 Cambridge Cambridge University Press pp 795 796 ISBN 9780521228022 Alok Ghosh Raj Kumar Sen 2002 Money Banking and Economic Reforms New Delhi Deep amp Deep Publications p 89 ISBN 9788176293907 Eric Helleiner 2014 Forgotten Foundations of Bretton Woods International Development and the Cornell University Press p 251 ISBN 9780801470608 a b Siddhartha Shankar Saha 2013 Indian Financial System amp Markets New Delhi Tata McGraw Hill p 67 ISBN 9781259051159 K Vaidyanathan 2013 Credit Risk Management for Indian Banks New Delhi SAGE p 265 ISBN 9788132116516 Latha Varadarajan 2010 The Domestic Abroad Diasporas in International Relations New York Oxford University Press ISBN 9780199889877 V S P Rao 1999 Bank Management New Delhi Discovery Publishing House p 338 ISBN 9788171415106 Gautam Majumdar 2013 Financial Terms Simplified New Delhi SAGE p 252 ISBN 9788132117797 Niranjan Rajadhyaksha 23 July 2014 A page from history 70 years before the Brics bank Live Mint Retrieved 11 July 2016 Pallavi Roy 2015 Wartime Origins and the Future United Nations New York Routledge p 168 ISBN 9781134668731 a b Ankit Mital 11 July 2016 How India shaped international monetary policy at Bretton Woods Live Mint Retrieved 11 July 2016 Venkitaramanan S 2005 Indian Economy Reviews And Commentaries Volume 3 Hyderabad ICFAI University Press p 98 ISBN 9788178815732 Niranjan Rajadhyaksha 24 May 2011 That job at the IMF Live Mint Retrieved 11 July 2016 World Bank or elite club Live Mint 22 May 2007 Retrieved 11 July 2016 THE BALANCE BETWEEN MONETARY POLICY AND OTHER INSTRUMENTS OF ECONOMIC POLICY IN A MODERN SOCIETY PDF Washington D C Per Jacobsson Foundation 1965 p 66 N B Ghodke 1985 Encyclopaedic Dictionary of Economics Volume 1 Delhi Mittal Publications p 311 V B Singh Shailendra Singh 2002 Economic History of India 1857 1956 New Delhi Allied Publishers p 559 Sanjeev Kumar Mahajan Anupama Puri Mahajan 2014 Financial Administration in India Delhi PHI Learning p 16 ISBN 9788120349360 Chand S N 2008 Public Finance Volume 2 Atlantic Publishers ISBN 9788126908820 a b Jivanta Schoettli 2012 Vision and Strategy in Indian Politics Jawaharlal Nehru s Policy Choices and the Designing of Political Institutions Oxon Routledge p 106 ISBN 9781136627873 S A PALEKAR 2012 Development Administration New Delhi PHI Learning p 74 ISBN 9788120345829 Inder Malhotra 26 September 2014 Once upon a plan The Indian Express Retrieved 11 July 2016 Reference Material 2010 Notes on the Functioning of Various Divisions PDF Planning Commission of India 2010 Retrieved 11 July 2016 K S Ramachandran 1 January 2007 Economic Environment of India Northern Book Centre pp 5 ISBN 978 81 7211 227 1 G S Monga Madan Mohan Goel 1 January 2001 Wage Goods Approach to Development Deep amp Deep pp 140 ISBN 978 81 7629 269 6 Stanley A Kochanek 8 December 2015 The Congress Party of India The Dynamics of a One Party Democracy Princeton University Press pp 179 ISBN 978 1 4008 7576 4 Chanda Rai 1 January 2007 Indian Economic Planning Analysis and Relevance of Economic Ideas of Dr D R Gadgil Deep amp Deep Publications pp 32 ISBN 978 81 7629 925 1 Speech of Shri C D Deshmukh Minister of Finance Introducing the Budget for the Year 1951 52 PDF Archived from the original PDF on 11 April 2016 Retrieved 25 July 2016 The Central Budgets in Retrospect Press release Press Information Bureau 24 February 2003 Retrieved 11 July 2016 Speech of Shri C D Deshmukh Minister of Finance Introducing the Budget for the Year 1952 53 Final PDF Archived from the original PDF on 11 April 2016 Retrieved 13 July 2016 Statistical Report on General Elections 1951 to the First Lok Sabha Volume I PDF NEW DELHI Election Commission of India p 81 Archived from the original PDF on 8 October 2014 N Jayapalan 2001 Indian Administration 2 Vols Set New Delhi Atlantic Publishers p 270 ISBN 9788171569212 Indian Institute of Public Administration NEW DELHI PDF Indian Institute of Public Administration Retrieved 26 July 2016 dated December 21 1954 State Bank of India The Hindu 21 December 2004 Archived from the original on 21 December 2016 Retrieved 12 July 2016 B S Thaur 20 April 2003 Tracing history of the SBI The Tribune Retrieved 12 July 2016 Arvind Panagariya 2008 India The Emerging Giant New York Oxford University Press ISBN 9780199890149 P S Palande R S Shah 2003 Insurance in India Changing Policies and Emerging Opportunities New Delhi Response Books p 31 ISBN 9780761997474 Ziaul Hasan Faruqi 1999 Dr Zakir Hussain Quest for Truth Delhi APH Publishing p 280 ISBN 9788176480567 Niranjan Rajadhyaksha 7 December 2012 The anxiety that lingers Live Mint Retrieved 11 July 2016 M M Sury 2003 India Central Government Budgets 1947 48 to 2003 04 New Century Publications Retrieved 20 July 2016 North Block Mavericks Business Standard 1 March 1997 Retrieved 11 July 2016 D K Rangnekar 2012 The Politics of Poverty Planning India s Development New Delhi SAGE Publications p 134 ISBN 9788132109020 List of Former Chairpersons University Grants Commission Retrieved 11 July 2016 Om Prakash Gupta 1993 Higher Education in India Since Independence UGC and Its Approach New Delhi Concept Publishing Company p 79 ISBN 9788170224471 A K Hota 1 January 2000 Encyclopaedia of New Media and Educational Planning Sarup amp Sons pp 88 ISBN 978 81 7625 170 9 Om Prakash Gupta 1992 Development of University Libraries in India After Independence New Delhi Concept Publishing Company p 37 ISBN 9788170224099 Amrik Singh 2004 Fifty Years of Higher Education in India The Role of the University Grants Commission New Delhi SAGE Publications pp 202 203 ISBN 9780761932161 dated August 3 1957 National Book Trust The Hindu 3 August 2007 Retrieved 11 July 2016 M L Saini 2002 Libraries and Information Studies in Retrospect and Prospect Volume 2 New Delhi Concept Publishers pp 499 500 ISBN 9788170229308 Mahendra Prasad Singh 1981 Split in a Predominant Party The Indian National Congress in 1969 New Delhi Abhinav Publications p 81 ISBN 9788170171409 M V Pylee 2012 Constitutional Government in India New Delhi S Chand amp Co p 229 ISBN 9788121922036 PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION FROM 1952 TO 1997 BRIEF NOTES PDF Election Commission of India p 22 Retrieved 4 July 2016 Bipan Chandra Aditya Mukherjee Mridula Mukherjee 2008 India Since Independence New Delhi Penguin Books p 298 ISBN 9780143104094 Deshmukh Chintaman Ramon Magsaysay Award Foundation August 1959 Archived from the original on 28 August 2016 Retrieved 13 July 2016 Prachi Deshpande 2008 The Oxford Encyclopedia of Women in World History Volume 2 New York Oxford University Press p 42 ISBN 9780195148909 Deshmukh I C S 1996 Course Of My Life The Centenary Edn Orient Blackswan pp 8 ISBN 978 81 250 0824 8 Bakhtiar K Dadabhoy 2013 Barons of Banking Random Business ISBN 9788184003499 To be Companions of the said Most Eminent Order Supplement to the London Gazette 693 1 February 1937 Whitehall March 21 1944 The London Gazette 1333 21 March 1944 Honoris Causa Archived 8 August 2011 at the Wayback Machine Record of Honoris Causa Degrees w e f 1949 Panjab University Retrieved 5 July 2016 The Ramon Magsaysay Awardees by Name The Ramon Magsaysay Foundation Archived from the original on 29 November 2006 Retrieved 8 December 2006 Padma Awards Directory 1954 2014 Year Wise List PDF Ministry of Home Affairs Government of India p 63 Archived from the original PDF on 15 November 2016 Retrieved 12 July 2016 Reserve Bank of India Publications Rbi org in Retrieved on 15 November 2018 The Inaugural C D Deshmukh Memorial Lecture 2013 Ncaer org 4 January 2013 Retrieved on 2018 11 15 The C D Deshmukh Memorial Lecture 2014 Ncaer org 11 February 2014 Retrieved on 2018 11 15 The Third C D Deshmukh Memorial Lecture 2015 Ncaer org 9 February 2015 Retrieved on 2018 11 15 C D Deshmukh s Institute Cdinstitute in 14 August 2018 Retrieved on 2018 11 15 IIC India International Centre Introduction Iicdelhi nic in 26 October 2018 Retrieved on 2018 11 15 IIC India International Centre C D Deshmukh Auditorium Iicdelhi nic in 5 October 2017 Retrieved on 2018 11 15 Commemorative postage stamp on C D Deshmukh Press Information Bureau Government of India 13 January 2004 Retrieved 5 July 2016 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title C D Deshmukh amp oldid 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