Brazil Union
The Brazil Union (Portuguese: União Brasil) is a liberal-conservative political party in Brazil. The party was founded on 6 October 2021 through the merger of the Democrats (DEM) and the Social Liberal Party (PSL). The merger resulted in the biggest party in Brazil, and was approved by Brazil's Superior Electoral Court on 8 February 2022.[1][9][10][11][12]
Brazil Union União Brasil | |
|---|---|
| Abbreviation | UNIÃO |
| President | Luciano Bivar[1] |
| Secretary-General | ACM Neto |
| Founded | 6 October 2021[2] |
| Registered | 8 February 2022 |
| Merger of | Democrats Social Liberal Party |
| Membership | 1,085,680[3] |
| Ideology | Liberal conservatism[4][5] Economic liberalism[6] Catch-all party[7][8] |
| Political position | Centre-right[4][9] |
| Colours | Blue Sky blue Yellow White |
| Slogan | "Union, Brazil!" |
| TSE Identification Number | 44 |
| Chamber of Deputies | 59 / 513 |
| Federal Senate | 9 / 81 |
| Governorships | 3 / 27 |
| State Assemblies | 129 / 1,024 |
| Mayors | 552 / 5,570 |
| City Councillors | 5,546 / 56,810 |
| Website | |
| uniaobrasil | |
The party is generally split on opposition to Jair Bolsonaro and is most often in opposition to the policies of Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, nominating Soraya Thronicke for president in 2022 Brazilian general election. In 2022, it was reported the party is in talks with the Progressistas to form the largest bloc in Congress, forming a party that could dictate presidential policy.[13]
History Edit
Prelude to the merger Edit
The Democrats was one of the largest parties on the Brazilian right, being the successor of the Liberal Front Party (PFL), which had been founded by a dissident faction of the Democratic Social Party, which in turn had succeeded the ARENA, the governing party of Brazil’s military dictatorship. The PSL had been founded as a social-liberal party, but after the election of Jair Bolsonaro as President, it started to position itself as a more socially conservative and economically liberal party.[14][15]
In 2017, Constitutional Amendment 97 was enacted, which established a progressive barrier clause, with that Brazilian political parties have free access to radio and television in electoral campaigns, as well as federal funds. Likewise, the amendment prohibited the formation of political coalitions to contest proportional elections.[16] The purpose of the amendment was to reduce the number of political parties in Brazil.[17]
The first news that emerged proposing the merger was at the end of 2019, during the crisis that culminated in the departure of Jair Bolsonaro from the PSL along with many of his core supporters and by the departure of several historical members of DEM, such as mayor of the city of Rio de Janeiro Eduardo Paes, the former president of the Chamber Rodrigo Maia and the vice governor of the state of São Paulo Rodrigo Garcia, in addition to bad election results of PSL in the municipal elections.[18][10]
At the time, there was opposition, with ACM Neto, president of Democratas, stating that this union would be meaningless and Felipe Francischini, president of the Constitution and Justice Commission in the Chamber of Deputies, saying that the union would make both parties lose space in politics.[16][17]
Since then, some political parties merged with others.[14][19][20] Using this precedent, in 2021, the Social Liberal Party (PSL) and Democrats announced the upcoming merger.[14][15]
Merger formalized and departure of Bolsonaro wing Edit
The name along with the TSE number 44 was chosen at the end of September 2021. The merger was agreed upon on 6 October 2021 by an acclamation on a national convention containing representatives from both parties, and was legally approved by the Superior Electoral Court on 8 February 2022.[21]
In the 2018 elections, the predecessor parties (DEM and PSL) elected 81 federal deputies, so that, on the date of the merger, the party had the largest number of members in the Chamber of Deputies. With the merger however, more core Bolsonaro supporters left the party for the Liberal Party and the Progressistas, given that the party wanted to run its own presidential candidate. In April 2022, the party had 46 members in the Chamber of Deputies, ranking fifth among the parties in the House.[19][20][22]
2022 general elections Edit
Committing to its attempt to nominate a presidential candidate in the 2022 Brazilian general election, the party nominated Soraya Thronicke, a lawyer and senator from Mato Grasso do Sul, as their presidential candidate and Marcos Cintra, an economist and federal deputy for São Paulo, as vice-president.[21] While Thronicke was not elected, the party itself won the gubernatorial race on Amazonas, Goiás, Mato Grosso and Rondônia.[23] On parliamentary elections they also had success, electing 59 Federal Deputies and 7 Senators.[24] One of them was former Operation Car Wash lead judge Sergio Moro, elected as a Senator for Paraná.
Lula administration Edit
The party accepted 3 ministry posts in the Lula government.[25] Luciano Bivar announced that the party would not be in opposition to the new government, but neither would be part of the governist base, despite the three ministry posts.[26][25]
Ideology Edit
Brazil Union is considered a centre-right party.[27] Political scientist Vinícius Vieira describes the merger as being a Brazilian version of liberal parties, focused on capitalizing on the right-wing electorate who have become disillusioned with President Jair Bolsonaro.[28] PSL vice president Junior Bozzella placed the new party as part of the democratic pole and which seeks to avoid political polarization between Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva and Jair Bolsonaro, stating that radical Bolsonaro supporters would have to leave the party.
At the foundation, a manifesto was defined that affirms the political positions of Brazil Union, with its four guidelines:
- The value of democracy as a political system based on tolerance, plurality, respect and dialogue;
- The value of the State as guarantor of the population's basic social rights;
- The value of freedom as a condition for seeking individual fulfillment;
- The value of the family as the mainstay of the person and the basis of society.[29][30]
The manifesto also defined 44 basic principles of the party. In economics, although advocating fiscal austerity, privatization and tax cuts, the party is against the minimal state,[31] stating that the state has an important role in areas such as education, healthcare, and income transfer programs. On social issues, it positions itself as favorable to the preservation of the Brazilian family and culture, also defending the increase in the participation of women and racial minorities in politics. Furthermore, it states that the existence of climate change is evident and that the government must take immediate action to mitigate this, becoming one of first decidedly pro-business parties to do so.[15]
Notable members Edit
- Luciano Bivar, former national president of the Social Liberal Party, Federal Deputy for Pernambuco, and candidate for president in 2006
- Ronaldo Caiado, former Federal Deputy, former Senator, Governor of Goiás, and candidate for president in 1989
- Clarissa Garotinho, daughter of Anthony Garotinho, former city councilor, and former Federal Deputy for Rio de Janeiro
- Kim Kataguiri, YouTube personality, anti-Dilma activist, and Federal Deputy for São Paulo
- ACM Neto, former national president of the Democrats, general secretary of Brazil Union, and former Mayor of Salvador
- Sergio Moro, ex-federal judge, pre-candidate for president, and chief investigator in Operation Car Wash
- Soraya Thronicke, businesswoman, Senator for Mato Grasso do Sul, and candidate for president in 2022
- Capitão Wagner, military captain, former city councilor for Fortaleza, and Federal Deputy for Ceará
Electoral results Edit
Presidential election Edit
| Election | Candidate | Running mate | Coalition | First round | Second round | Result | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Votes | % | Votes | % | |||||
| 2022 | Soraya Thronicke | Marcos Cintra | None | 600,953 | 0.51 | – | – | Lost |
Legislative election Edit
| Election | Chamber of Deputies | Federal Senate | Status | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Votes | % | Seats | +/– | Votes | % | Seats | +/– | ||
| 2022 | 10,262,001 | 9.3 | 59 / 513 | New | 5,465,486 | 7.5 | 7 / 81 | New | Independent |
References Edit
- ^ a b Renato Alves (6 October 2021). "Convenção marca junção de PSL-DEM e surgimento do União Brasil". O Tempo (in Portuguese).
- ^ "Convenção Coletiva formaliza fusão do PSL e DEM, criando o União Brasil". Gazeta do Povo (in Portuguese). 5 October 2021.
- ^ "Estatísticas do eleitorado – Eleitores filiados". TSE (in Portuguese). Retrieved 6 October 2021.
- ^ a b Marco Aurélio Nogueira (7 October 2021). "Uma fusão para mexer nas peças do jogo político". Estadão (in Portuguese). Retrieved 8 October 2021.
- ^ João Almeida Moreira (6 October 2021). "Direita cria maior partido do Brasil para fazer frente a Lula e Bolsonaro". Diário de Notícias. Retrieved 8 October 2021.
- ^ "Manifesto União Brasil" (PDF). Democratas (in Portuguese). 6 October 2021. Retrieved 6 October 2021.
- ^ "Ciro confirma conversa com União Brasil em busca de acordos no cenario nacional". OPOVO. 27 March 2022. Retrieved 27 March 2022.
- ^ "Uniao Brasil, PSDB e MDB vão ter candidato único". 25 February 2022. Retrieved 29 March 2022.
- ^ a b "Fusão pode ser referência de uma direita sem Bolsonaro". Nexo Jornal (in Portuguese). 6 October 2021.
- ^ a b "TSE aprova registro do partido União Brasil". www.tse.jus.br (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 9 February 2022.
- ^ "Qual deve ser a cara do novo União Brasil, partido resultado da fusão de DEM e PSL?". correio braziliense (in Portuguese). 6 October 2021.
- ^ "União Brasil fortalece muito pré-candidatura de ACM Neto ao governo', diz Bruno Reis" (in Portuguese). 6 October 2021.
- ^ "Lira confirma fusão entre PP e União Brasil após reunião com Rueda". Poder360 (in Brazilian Portuguese). October 2022. Retrieved 2 October 2022.
- ^ a b c "Plenário do TSE aprova incorporação do PRP ao Patriota" (in Portuguese). 28 March 2019. Retrieved 6 October 2021.
- ^ a b c ""A miríade de partidos que temos confunde o eleitor, favorece o fisiologismo", diz manifesto do União Brasil". O Antagonista (in Brazilian Portuguese). 6 October 2021. Retrieved 24 September 2022.
- ^ a b "Emenda Constitucional nº 97 de 4 de outubro de 2017" (in Portuguese). 4 October 2017. Retrieved 6 October 2021.
- ^ a b "O Brasil está no caminho para reduzir o número de partidos?". Nexo Jornal (in Portuguese). 13 November 2020. Retrieved 6 October 2021.
- ^ "Fusão PSL-DEM: o que está por trás do acordo para criar novo partido". Gazeta do Povo (in Portuguese). Retrieved 6 October 2021.
- ^ a b "O Plenário aprova incorporação do PPL ao PCdoB" (in Portuguese). 28 May 2019. Retrieved 6 October 2021.
- ^ a b "O Plenário aprova incorporação do PHS ao Podemos" (in Portuguese). 19 September 2019. Retrieved 6 October 2021.
- ^ a b "DEM aprova, por aclamação, fusão com PSL; novo partido se chamará União Brasil". G1 (in Portuguese). Retrieved 6 October 2021.
- ^ "Janela de trocas tem 132 deputados em novos partidos". Poder360 (in Brazilian Portuguese). April 2022. Retrieved 10 September 2022.
- ^ "PT e União Brasil lideram entre partidos com mais governadores eleitos". noticias.uol.com.br (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 31 October 2022.
- ^ "Eleições 2022: veja todos os deputados federais eleitos no Brasil". Exame (in Brazilian Portuguese). 3 October 2022. Retrieved 31 October 2022.
- ^ a b ingridalfaya. "União Brasil não será base de Lula mesmo com ministérios, diz presidente do partido à CNN". CNN Brasil (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 1 January 2023.
- ^ ""O partido não estará em oposição ao governo", diz Bivar". O Antagonista (in Brazilian Portuguese). 1 January 2023. Retrieved 2 January 2023.
- ^ "'Fusão pode ser referência de uma direita sem Bolsonaro'". Nexo Jornal (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 24 September 2022.
- ^ "Direita cria maior partido do Brasil para fazer frente a Lula e Bolsonaro". www.dn.pt (in European Portuguese). Retrieved 24 September 2022.
- ^ Amaral Oliveira, Talita (23 February 2021). "A (des)industrialização brasileira em tempos de pandemia". Revista Vianna Sapiens. 12 (1): 28. doi:10.31994/rvs.v12i1.737. ISSN 2177-3726. S2CID 233898812.
- ^ JESUS, D. (2022). Governança de commodity em um mundo cosmopolita: a certificação Bonsucro na relação Brasil-União Europeia. doi:10.48021/978-65-252-3898-2. ISBN 9786525238982. S2CID 169343095.
- ^ "Imposto Único Federal: conheça a proposta de Soraya Thronicke". União Brasil (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 24 September 2022.