Bistorta is a genus of flowering plants in the family Polygonaceae. As of February 2019[update] about 40 species are accepted. It has been supported as a separate clade by molecular phylogenetic analysis.[2]Bistorta species are native throughout much of the Northern Hemisphere, as far south as Mexico in North America and Thailand in Asia.[1]
Species of Bistorta are perennialherbaceous plants. Their roots are fibrous, forming rhizomes. They have erect, unbranched stems. Their leaves are usually longer than wide, mostly basal, but with some arranged alternately on the stems. The inflorescences are spikelike. The individual flowers have five white to purple-pink (rarely red) tepals. The flowers are bisexual, although the 5–8 stamens are sometimes poorly developed. There are three styles. The fruits are in the form of achenes, that are brown or dark brown, unwinged, and three-angled. The monoploid number of chromosomes, x, is 11 or 12.[3]
Bistorta is placed in the subfamily Polygonoideae, tribe Persicarieae, along with the genera Koenigia and Persicaria. A 2015 molecular phylogenetic study suggested that the tribes in Polygonoideae were related as shown in the following cladogram.[5]
^ abcd"Bistorta (L.) Scop". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 2019-03-01.
^Sanchez, A.; Schuster, T.M. & Kron, K.A. (2009). "A large-scale phylogeny of Polygonaceae based on molecular data". International Journal of Plant Sciences. 170 (8): 1044–1055. doi:10.1086/605121. S2CID 84694521.
^Freeman, Craig C. & Hinds, Harold R. "Bistorta". In Flora of North America Editorial Committee (ed.). Flora of North America (online). eFloras.org. Retrieved 2019-03-14.
^ abSchuster, Tanja M.; Reveal, James L.; Bayly, Michael J. & Kron, Kathleen A. (2015). "An updated molecular phylogeny of Polygonoideae (Polygonaceae): Relationships of Oxygonum, Pteroxygonum, and Rumex, and a new circumscription of Koenigia". Taxon. 64 (6): 1188–1208. doi:10.12705/646.5.
bistorta, genus, flowering, plants, family, polygonaceae, february, 2019, update, about, species, accepted, been, supported, separate, clade, molecular, phylogenetic, analysis, species, native, throughout, much, northern, hemisphere, south, mexico, north, amer. Bistorta is a genus of flowering plants in the family Polygonaceae As of February 2019 update about 40 species are accepted It has been supported as a separate clade by molecular phylogenetic analysis 2 Bistorta species are native throughout much of the Northern Hemisphere as far south as Mexico in North America and Thailand in Asia 1 Bistorta Bistorta officinalis in Japan Scientific classification Kingdom Plantae Clade Tracheophytes Clade Angiosperms Clade Eudicots Order Caryophyllales Family Polygonaceae Subfamily Polygonoideae Genus Bistorta L Scop 1 Synonyms 1 Colubrina Montandon Contents 1 Description 2 Taxonomy 2 1 Species 3 ReferencesDescription editSpecies of Bistorta are perennial herbaceous plants Their roots are fibrous forming rhizomes They have erect unbranched stems Their leaves are usually longer than wide mostly basal but with some arranged alternately on the stems The inflorescences are spikelike The individual flowers have five white to purple pink rarely red tepals The flowers are bisexual although the 5 8 stamens are sometimes poorly developed There are three styles The fruits are in the form of achenes that are brown or dark brown unwinged and three angled The monoploid number of chromosomes x is 11 or 12 3 Taxonomy editIn 1753 Carl Linnaeus divided up his genus Polygonum into unranked groups one of which was Bistorta In 1754 Giovanni Antonio Scopoli elevated Bistorta to a genus 4 Bistorta is placed in the subfamily Polygonoideae tribe Persicarieae along with the genera Koenigia and Persicaria A 2015 molecular phylogenetic study suggested that the tribes in Polygonoideae were related as shown in the following cladogram 5 Polygonoideae Oxygoneae Persicarieae Bistorta Koenigia Persicaria Fagopyreae Pteroxygoneae Calligoneae Rumiceae Polygoneae Within the tribe Persicarieae Bistorta is most closely related to Koenigia 5 Persicarieae Persicaria Bistorta Koenigia Species edit As of March 2019 update Plants of the World Online accepted the following 42 species 1 Bistorta abukumensis Yonek Iketsu amp H Ohashi Bistorta affinis D Don Greene Bistorta albiflora Miyam amp H Ohba Bistorta alopecuroides Turcz ex Besser Kom Bistorta amplexicaulis D Don Greene Bistorta attenuata Kom Bistorta attenuatifolia Miyam amp H Ohba Bistorta bistortoides Pursh Small Bistorta burmanica Yonek amp H Ohashi Bistorta coriacea Sam Yonek amp H Ohashi Bistorta diopetes H Ohba amp S Akiyama Bistorta elliptica Willd ex Spreng V V Petrovsky D F Murray amp Elven Bistorta emodi Meisn H Hara Bistorta griersonii Yonek amp H Ohashi Bistorta griffithii Hook f Grierson Bistorta hayachinensis Makino H Gross Bistorta honanensis H W Kung Yonek amp H Ohashi Bistorta incana Nakai Nakai Bistorta jaljalensis H Ohba amp S Akiyama Bistorta krascheninnikovii N A Ivanova Bistorta longispicata Yonek amp H Ohashi Bistorta ludlowii Yonek amp H Ohashi Bistorta macrophylla D Don Sojak Bistorta manshuriensis Petrov ex Kom Kom Bistorta milletii H Lev Bistorta milletioides H Ohba amp S Akiyama Bistorta ochotensis Kom Bistorta officinalis Delarbre Bistorta paleacea Wall ex Hook f Yonek amp H Ohashi Bistorta perpusilla Hook f Greene Bistorta plumosa Small Greene Bistorta purpureonervosa A J Li Yonek amp H Ohashi Bistorta rhaetica Brugger Dostal Bistorta rubra Yonek amp H Ohashi Bistorta sherei H Ohba amp S Akiyama Bistorta sinomontana Sam Miyam Bistorta subscaposa Diels Petrov Bistorta suffulta Maxim Greene ex H Gross Bistorta tenuicaulis Bisset amp S Moore Nakai Bistorta tenuifolia H W Kung Miyam amp H Ohba Bistorta tubistipulis Miyam amp H Ohba Bistorta vacciniifolia Wall ex Meisn Greene Bistorta vivipara L Delarbre nbsp Bistorta abukumensis nbsp Bistorta affinis nbsp Bistorta amplexicaulis nbsp Bistorta bistortoides nbsp Bistorta macrophylla nbsp Bistorta viviparaReferences edit a b c d Bistorta L Scop Plants of the World Online Royal Botanic Gardens Kew Retrieved 2019 03 01 Sanchez A Schuster T M amp Kron K A 2009 A large scale phylogeny of Polygonaceae based on molecular data International Journal of Plant Sciences 170 8 1044 1055 doi 10 1086 605121 S2CID 84694521 Freeman Craig C amp Hinds Harold R Bistorta In Flora of North America Editorial Committee ed Flora of North America online eFloras org Retrieved 2019 03 14 Plant Name Details for Bistorta L Scop The International Plant Names Index Retrieved 2019 03 11 a b Schuster Tanja M Reveal James L Bayly Michael J amp Kron Kathleen A 2015 An updated molecular phylogeny of Polygonoideae Polygonaceae Relationships of Oxygonum Pteroxygonum and Rumex and a new circumscription of Koenigia Taxon 64 6 1188 1208 doi 10 12705 646 5 nbsp Wikispecies has information related to Bistorta nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Bistorta Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Bistorta amp oldid 1185049628, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
