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Bishopric of Ösel–Wiek

November 18, 2023

The Bishopric of Ösel–Wiek (Estonian: Saare-Lääne piiskopkond; German: Bistum Ösel–Wiek; Low German: Bisdom Ösel–Wiek; contemporary Latin: Ecclesia Osiliensis) was a Roman Catholic diocese and semi-independent prince-bishopric (part of Terra Mariana, i.e. Livonia) in the Holy Roman Empire, covering what are now Saare, Hiiu, Lääne counties and the western part of Pärnu county of Estonia.

Bishopric of Ösel–Wiek
Bisdom Ösel–Wiek (nds)
Ecclesia Osiliensis (la)
1228–1560
Coat of arms
The Bishopric of Ösel–Wiek, shown (red, upper left, across the Estonian mainland and the islands of Dagö (Hiiumaa) and Ösel (Saaremaa)) within the Livonian Confederation, 1260
StatusPrince-Bishopric of Terra Mariana
CapitalLeal (Lihula)
Perona (Vana-Pärnu)
Hapsal (Haapsalu)
Arensburg (Kuressaare)
Common languagesLow German, Estonian
Religion
Roman Catholicism
GovernmentPrince-Bishopric
Prince-Bishop 
• 1228–1229
Gottfried
• 1542–1560
Johannes V von Münchhausen
Historical eraMiddle Ages
• Established
1 October 1228
• Sold to Denmark
1560
Today part ofEstonia

History edit

 
Haapsalu Episcopal Castle.
 
The 1241 Treaty between the Bishopric of Ösel-Wiek, the Livonian Order, and Oeselians (now at National Archives of Sweden)

The bishopric was created on 1 October 1228 as a Latin rite, and initially possibly exempt, diocese by papal legate William of Modena and simultaneously as a state of Holy Roman Empire—making it a prince-bishopric—by Henry, King of the Romans (1220-1242; not Emperor). Due to the repeated shift of the seat of the bishops, it was also successively known as bishopric of Leal (Lihula) from 1234, Perona (Vana-Pärnu) from 1251, Hapsal (Haapsalu) Castle from 1279, and the seat shifted (alone) to the castle of Arensburg (Kuressaare) on the island of Ösel (Saaremaa); the cathedral and cathedral chapter (canons) remained in Hapsal. It was a suffragan diocese in the ecclesiastical province of the Metropolitan Archbishopric of Riga from 1253.

One of the five members of the Livonian Confederation, the state was administratively divided into two bailiwicks (Latin advocaciae, German Vogteien). The bishop was also the lord of the Teutonic Order over its fiefs on the bishopric's territory. From 1241 until 1343, Ösel (Saaremaa) Island was an autonomous part of Ösel-Wiek prince-bishopric (autonomy renewed 27 August 1255).

The principality ceased to exist in 1560 when its last prince-bishop, Johannes V von Münchhausen, sold it to Denmark, which vested executive power in royally appointed Governors (styled Lensmænd to 1654, then Statthalter). King Frederick II of Denmark's brother Magnus of Livonia, Duke of Holstein, obtained it as an appanage on 15 April 1560 and was elected bishop on 13 May 1560; the Danish dynasty being Lutheran, he abolished the diocese and assumed the secular feudal style Lord of Ösel (Stieffte Ozel und Wieck Herr) on 20 March 1567.

Denmark ceded Wiek (Lääne County) to the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth in exchange for parts of Ösel belonging to the Livonian Order. Later Ösel became a Danish possession.

Episcopal Ordinaries and Prince-Bishops of Ösel-Wiek (Saare-Lääne) edit

  • Gottfried, Cistercian Order (O. Cist.) (1227, elected 29 June 1228; approved August 1228 – death after 1257)
  • vacancy & interregnum 1229 - 1234, ruled by the Bishop of Riga and the Livonian Swordbrothers Order.
  • Heinrich I, Dominican Order (O.P.) (1234 – death 1260.03.10)
  • Hermann I de Becheshovede (Buxhoevden) (1262– death 1285?)
  • Heinrich II (1290.05.10 – death 1294)
  • Konrad I (1294? – death 1307)
  • Vacancy & Interregnum
  • Hartung (Garttungus) (1310 – death 1321)
  • Jakob II (1322.03.03 – 1337)
  • Hermann II Osenbrügge (de Osenbrygge), (1338 – death 1362?63)
  • Konrad II (1363.07.24 – death 1374)
  • Heinrich III (1374.10.23 – assassinated before 1381.07.05), previously Bishop of Schleswig (1370.01.30 – 1374.10.23)
  • Vacancy & Interregnum
  • Winrich von Kniprode (1385.03.28 – death 1419.11.05)
  • Caspar Schuwenflug (1420.01.08 – death 1423.08.10)
  • Christian Kuband, Norbertines (O. Praem.) (1423.08.10 – death 1432.07.21)
  • Johannes I Schutte (1432.10.22 – 1438.09.12)
  • Johannes II Creul (Kreuwel), Teutonic Order (O.T.) (1439.03.20 de jure – 1457 de facto since 1449 in Wiek as the younger Bishop - death 1454.09.23)
  • Ludolf Grove (1457 de jure – death 1458.03.11) (de facto since 1439, since 1449 as the older Bishop in Saaremaa and Dagö)
  • Jodokus Hoenstein (1458.07.24 – death 1471.01.17)
  • Peter Wetberg (1471.06.17 – death before 1491.11.14)
  • Johannes III Orgas (Johann Orgies) (1492.03.26 – death 1515.03.19)
  • Johannes IV Kyvel (Kievel) (1515.03.19 – death 1527.04.22), succeeded as former Coadjutor Bishop of Ösel-Wiek (? – 1515.03.19)
  • Georg von Tiesenhausen (1527.05.20 – death 1530.10.02), previously Bishop of Reval (Estonia) (1525.07.21 – 1530.10.12)
  • Reinhold von Buxhoeveden (1532.07.03 – retired before 1541.07.13), died 1557
  • Johannes V von Münchhausen (1542.01.09 – 1560 sold the see)
  • Magnus of Livonia (also Prince of Denmark and Duke of Holstein), 1560–1572 (Protestant bishop, died 1583)

See also edit

Sources and external links edit

  • GCatholic
  • WorldStatesmen - Estonia - Ösel TO EXPLOIT
  • Catholic-hierarchy.org
Bibliography
  • Pius Bonifacius Gams, Series episcoporum Ecclesiae Catholicae, Leipzig 1931, p. 297
  • Konrad Eubel, Hierarchia Catholica Medii Aevi, vol. 1, p. 379; vol. 2, p. 207; vol. 3, p. 264
  • Ernst Friedrich Mooyer, Verzeichnisse der deutschen Bischöfe seit dem Jahr 800 nach Chr. Geb., Minden 1854, p. 75

November 18, 2023
bishopric, ösel, wiek, this, article, includes, list, general, references, lacks, sufficient, corresponding, inline, citations, please, help, improve, this, article, introducing, more, precise, citations, april, 2022, learn, when, remove, this, template, messa. This article includes a list of general references but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations April 2022 Learn how and when to remove this template message The Bishopric of Osel Wiek Estonian Saare Laane piiskopkond German Bistum Osel Wiek Low German Bisdom Osel Wiek contemporary Latin Ecclesia Osiliensis was a Roman Catholic diocese and semi independent prince bishopric part of Terra Mariana i e Livonia in the Holy Roman Empire covering what are now Saare Hiiu Laane counties and the western part of Parnu county of Estonia Bishopric of Osel WiekBisdom Osel Wiek nds Ecclesia Osiliensis la 1228 1560Coat of armsThe Bishopric of Osel Wiek shown red upper left across the Estonian mainland and the islands of Dago Hiiumaa and Osel Saaremaa within the Livonian Confederation 1260StatusPrince Bishopric of Terra MarianaCapitalLeal Lihula Perona Vana Parnu Hapsal Haapsalu Arensburg Kuressaare Common languagesLow German EstonianReligionRoman CatholicismGovernmentPrince BishopricPrince Bishop 1228 1229Gottfried 1542 1560Johannes V von MunchhausenHistorical eraMiddle Ages Established1 October 1228 Sold to Denmark1560Preceded by Succeeded byLaane CountySaare County Danish EstoniaCrown of the Kingdom of PolandToday part ofEstonia Contents 1 History 2 Episcopal Ordinaries and Prince Bishops of Osel Wiek Saare Laane 3 See also 4 Sources and external linksHistory edit nbsp Haapsalu Episcopal Castle nbsp The 1241 Treaty between the Bishopric of Osel Wiek the Livonian Order and Oeselians now at National Archives of Sweden The bishopric was created on 1 October 1228 as a Latin rite and initially possibly exempt diocese by papal legate William of Modena and simultaneously as a state of Holy Roman Empire making it a prince bishopric by Henry King of the Romans 1220 1242 not Emperor Due to the repeated shift of the seat of the bishops it was also successively known as bishopric of Leal Lihula from 1234 Perona Vana Parnu from 1251 Hapsal Haapsalu Castle from 1279 and the seat shifted alone to the castle of Arensburg Kuressaare on the island of Osel Saaremaa the cathedral and cathedral chapter canons remained in Hapsal It was a suffragan diocese in the ecclesiastical province of the Metropolitan Archbishopric of Riga from 1253 One of the five members of the Livonian Confederation the state was administratively divided into two bailiwicks Latin advocaciae German Vogteien The bishop was also the lord of the Teutonic Order over its fiefs on the bishopric s territory From 1241 until 1343 Osel Saaremaa Island was an autonomous part of Osel Wiek prince bishopric autonomy renewed 27 August 1255 The principality ceased to exist in 1560 when its last prince bishop Johannes V von Munchhausen sold it to Denmark which vested executive power in royally appointed Governors styled Lensmaend to 1654 then Statthalter King Frederick II of Denmark s brother Magnus of Livonia Duke of Holstein obtained it as an appanage on 15 April 1560 and was elected bishop on 13 May 1560 the Danish dynasty being Lutheran he abolished the diocese and assumed the secular feudal style Lord of Osel Stieffte Ozel und Wieck Herr on 20 March 1567 Denmark ceded Wiek Laane County to the Polish Lithuanian Commonwealth in exchange for parts of Osel belonging to the Livonian Order Later Osel became a Danish possession Episcopal Ordinaries and Prince Bishops of Osel Wiek Saare Laane editGottfried Cistercian Order O Cist 1227 elected 29 June 1228 approved August 1228 death after 1257 vacancy amp interregnum 1229 1234 ruled by the Bishop of Riga and the Livonian Swordbrothers Order Heinrich I Dominican Order O P 1234 death 1260 03 10 Hermann I de Becheshovede Buxhoevden 1262 death 1285 Heinrich II 1290 05 10 death 1294 Konrad I 1294 death 1307 Vacancy amp Interregnum Hartung Garttungus 1310 death 1321 Jakob II 1322 03 03 1337 Hermann II Osenbrugge de Osenbrygge 1338 death 1362 63 Konrad II 1363 07 24 death 1374 Heinrich III 1374 10 23 assassinated before 1381 07 05 previously Bishop of Schleswig 1370 01 30 1374 10 23 Vacancy amp Interregnum Winrich von Kniprode 1385 03 28 death 1419 11 05 Caspar Schuwenflug 1420 01 08 death 1423 08 10 Christian Kuband Norbertines O Praem 1423 08 10 death 1432 07 21 Johannes I Schutte 1432 10 22 1438 09 12 Johannes II Creul Kreuwel Teutonic Order O T 1439 03 20 de jure 1457 de facto since 1449 in Wiek as the younger Bishop death 1454 09 23 Ludolf Grove 1457 de jure death 1458 03 11 de facto since 1439 since 1449 as the older Bishop in Saaremaa and Dago Jodokus Hoenstein 1458 07 24 death 1471 01 17 Peter Wetberg 1471 06 17 death before 1491 11 14 Johannes III Orgas Johann Orgies 1492 03 26 death 1515 03 19 Johannes IV Kyvel Kievel 1515 03 19 death 1527 04 22 succeeded as former Coadjutor Bishop of Osel Wiek 1515 03 19 Georg von Tiesenhausen 1527 05 20 death 1530 10 02 previously Bishop of Reval Estonia 1525 07 21 1530 10 12 Reinhold von Buxhoeveden 1532 07 03 retired before 1541 07 13 died 1557 Johannes V von Munchhausen 1542 01 09 1560 sold the see Magnus of Livonia also Prince of Denmark and Duke of Holstein 1560 1572 Protestant bishop died 1583 See also editList of Catholic dioceses in EstoniaSources and external links editGCatholic WorldStatesmen Estonia Osel TO EXPLOIT Catholic hierarchy orgBibliographyPius Bonifacius Gams Series episcoporum Ecclesiae Catholicae Leipzig 1931 p 297 Konrad Eubel Hierarchia Catholica Medii Aevi vol 1 p 379 vol 2 p 207 vol 3 p 264 Ernst Friedrich Mooyer Verzeichnisse der deutschen Bischofe seit dem Jahr 800 nach Chr Geb Minden 1854 p 75 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Bishopric of Osel Wiek amp oldid 1174495400, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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