Wikipedia
Manchester Open
The Manchester Open previously known as the Northern Lawn Tennis Championships, the Northern Championships, the Northern Tennis Tournament and the Manchester Trophy was a grass court tennis tournament on the ATP Tour held at the Northern Lawn Tennis Club, in the Didsbury suburb of Manchester, Great Britain. The tournament had been held annually from 1880 to 2009.
| Northern Championships Manchester Open | |
|---|---|
| Defunct tennis tournament | |
| Tour | ILTF Circuit (1913–1967) Grand Prix circuit, (1970–1989) ATP Tour, (1990–1994) |
| Founded | 1880 |
| Abolished | 2009 |
| Editions | 119 |
| Location | Manchester, England Liverpool, England |
| Venue | Northern Lawn Tennis Club (Manchester) Aigburth Cricket Ground (Liverpool)[1] |
| Surface | Grass / outdoor |
Prior to the creation of the International Lawn Tennis Federation and the establishment of its world championship events in 1913 it was considered by players and historians one of the four most important tennis tournaments to win.[2][3][4] The others being Wimbledon, the U.S. National championships and the Irish Championships. Between 1970 and 1989 it was part of the men's Grand Prix tennis tour.
History Edit
The first edition in July 1880 was held at the Broughton Cricket Club while the Kersal Cricket Ground staged the 1881 event.[5][6] The 1882 edition was the first one to be held in Liverpool and saw the addition of the women's singles event, won by May Langrishe, as well as the women's and mixed doubles events. Prior to the creation of the International Lawn Tennis Federation and the establishment of its world championship events in 1913 it was considered by players and historians one of the four most important tennis tournaments to win.[7][8][9] the others being Wimbledon, the U.S. National championships and the Irish Championships. From its inception until 1927 the location of the tournament alternated between Manchester and Liverpool.[10] Between 1970 and 1989 it was part of the men's Grand Prix Tennis Tour known throughout the 1980s as the Greater Manchester Grass Court Tennis Championships.[11] In 1990 it became an ATP Tour event as part of the ATP International Series until 1994. In 1995 the tournament was moved to Nottingham and continued as an ATP World Series event. The current Manchester Trophy Challenger is part of the ATP Challenger Tour; throughout its history the event has been won by a number of Wimbledon champions such as Pete Sampras, who won his first grass court title there.[12] The tournament ended in 2009.
Finals Edit
Men's singles Edit
| Northern Championships | |||
| Year | Champions | Runners-up | Score |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1880 | Richard T. Richardson | Walter E. Fairlie | 6–0, 6–3, 6–0 |
| 1881 | Richard T. Richardson (2) | John Comber | 6–1, 6–1, 6–0 |
| 1882 | Richard T. Richardson (3) | Ernest Renshaw | 6–1, 3–6, 5–7, 6–4, 11–9 |
| 1883 | Herbert Wilberforce | Champion Russell | 6–1, 3–6, 6–1, 6–0 |
| 1884 | Donald C. Stewart | Herbert Wilberforce | 5–7, 6–4, 6–4, 6–0 |
| 1885 | James Dwight | Donald C. Stewart | 6–2, 6–4, 6–4 |
| 1886 | Harry Grove | James Dwight | 6–4, 6–3, 6–1 |
| 1887 | Harry Grove (2) | Grainger Chaytor | 4–6, 6–2, 8–10, 6–4, 6–2 |
| 1888 | Willoughby Hamilton | Harry Grove | 6–1, 8–6, 6–1 |
| 1889 | Willoughby Hamilton (2) | Harold Mahony | 6–3, 3–6, 6–1, 6–2 |
| 1890 | Joshua Pim | Willoughby Hamilton | 2–6, 6–8, 7–5, 7–5, 6–3 |
| 1891 | Joshua Pim (2) | Wilfred Baddeley | 4–6, 8–6, 6–4, 7–5 |
| 1892 | Joshua Pim (3) | Harry S. Barlow | 4–6, 6–1, 6–4, 6–4 |
| 1893 | Joshua Pim (4) | Harold Mahony | 4–6, 6–3, 7–5, 6–2 |
| 1894 | Wilfred Baddeley | Joshua Pim | 4–6, 11–9, 4–6, 6–3, 6–4 |
| 1895 | Wilfred Baddeley (2) | Herbert Baddeley | 6–8, 6–2, 6–4, 1–0 ret. |
| 1896 | Wilfred Baddeley (3) | Harold Mahony | 6–1, 10–12, 7–5, 6–4 |
| 1897 | Wilfred Baddeley (4) | Reginald Doherty | 6–2, 7–5, 2–6, 6–0 |
| 1898 | Laurence Doherty | Clarence Hobart | 6–1, 6–1, 8–6 |
| 1899 | Sydney H. Smith | Wilberforce Eaves | 7–9, 6–3, 6–3, 8–6 |
| 1900 | Sydney H. Smith (2) | Roy Allen | 6–3, 6–8, 6–4, 4–6, 6–2 |
| 1901 | Sydney H. Smith (3) | Wilberforce Eaves | 10–12, 7–5, 6–2, 6–4 |
| 1902 | Sydney H. Smith (4) | Harold Mahony | 7–5, 7–5, 3–6, 10–8 |
| 1903 | Sydney H. Smith (5) | Xenophon Casdagli | 6–1, 6–3, 6–2 |
| 1904 | Sydney H. Smith (6) | Frank Riseley | 6–2, 7–9, 2–6, 6–2, 6–2 |
| 1905 | Sydney H. Smith (7) | Frank Riseley | walkover |
| 1906 | Frank Riseley | Sydney H. Smith | 4–6, 7–5, 6–1, 6–3 |
| 1907 | Norman Brookes | Xenophon Casdagli | 6–0, 6–2 |
| 1908 | Arthur W. Gore | James Cecil Parke | 6–3, 4–6, 6–1, 6–8, 6–4 |
| 1909 | Robert Powell | Theodore Mavrogordato | 6–4, 6–1, 6–4 |
| 1910 | Beals Wright | James Cecil Parke | divided title |
| 1911 | James Cecil Parke | Stanley N. Doust | 7–5, 5–7, 6–1, 6–0 |
| 1912 | James Cecil Parke (2) | Theodore Mavrogordato | 6–3, 1–6, 6–3, 6–4 |
| 1913 | James Cecil Parke (3) | Anthony Wilding | 6–2, 7–5, 6–8, 2–6, 7–5 |
| 1914 | Theodore Mavrogordato | Alfred Dunlop | 9–7, 8–6, 6–2 |
| 1915/1918 | Not held (due to world war one) | ||
| 1919 | James Cecil Parke (4) | George Dodd | 0–6, 6–3, 9–7, 6–0 |
| 1920 | Theodore Mavrogordato (2) | Randolph Lycett | 8–6, 6–2, 5–7, 3–0 ret. |
| 1921 | Randolph Lycett | Theodore Mavrogordato | 8–6, 2–6, 6–4, 1–6, 6–4 |
| 1922 | Hassan Ali Fyzee | Louis Meldon | 9–7, 6–4, 11–9 |
| 1923 | John D. P. Wheatley | Maxwell Woosnam | 6–3, 4–6, 9–7, 9–11, 6-2 |
| 1924 | Samuel Ernest Charlton | William G. Ireland | 10–8, 6–4, 4–6, 7–5 |
| 1925 | Norman Dicks | Gerald R. Sherwell | 6–1, 7–5, 2–6, 6–3 |
| 1926 | Maxwell Woosnam | Douglas Hodges | 7–9, 6–2, 6–2, 8–6 |
| 1927 | D'Arcy McCrea | Douglas Hodges | 4–6, 4–6, 6–2, 6–2, 7-5 |
| 1928 | John Olliff | D'Arcy McCrea | 6–2, 3–6, 6–4, 6–4 |
| 1929 | John Olliff (2) | Charles Kingsley | 2–6, 6–3, 6–4, 2–6, 14–12 |
| 1930 | Bunny Austin | John Olliff | 8–6, 6–2, 6–4 |
| 1931 | John Olliff (3) | Nigel Sharpe | 6–3, 3–6, 7–9, 6–3 ret. |
| 1932 | Eskell D. Andrews | Martin Wedd | 6–2, 6–3 |
| 1933 | Herby Aldred | J. Gilbert Hall | 3–6, 6–2, 6–1 |
| 1934 | George Lyttleton–Rogers | Camille Malfroy | 6–4, 4–6, 6–4 |
| 1935 | Jiro Yamagishi | George Lyttleton–Rogers | 6–3, 8–6 |
| 1936 | Charles Hare | David N. Jones | 6–4, 5–7, 6–4 |
| 1937 | George Lyttleton–Rogers (2) | Norman Farquharson | 6–4, 2–6, 6–4 |
| 1938 | Jack Piercy | Clifford J. Hovell | 6–4, 10–8 |
| 1939 | Eric J. Filby | R. E. Burton | 6–3, 6–4 |
| 1940/1945 | Not held (due to world war two) | ||
| 1946 | Jack Harper | Derrick Barton | 6–4, 6–1 |
| 1947 | William Sidwell | Torsten Johansson | 6–2, 6–3 |
| 1948 | John Bromwich | Eric Sturgess | 2–6, 6–2, 8–6 |
| 1949 | Tony Mottram | Naresh Kumar | 6–2, 6–2 |
| 1950 | Geoffrey Brown | Sumant Misra | 6–0, 6–2 |
| 1951 | Gardnar Mulloy | Don Candy | 6–4, 6–2 |
| 1952 | Frank Sedgman | Don Candy | 6–2, 4–6, 6–3, 6–2 |
| 1953 | Mervyn Rose | Clive Wilderspin | 4–6, 6–3, 6–0 |
| 1954 | Ken Rosewall | Rex Hartwig | 6–2, 6–1 |
| 1955 | Hugh Stewart | Roger Becker | 6–4, 3–6, 6–1 |
| 1956 | Jaroslav Drobný | Lew Hoad | 2–6, 6–3, 7–5 |
| 1957 | Lew Hoad | Ramanathan Krishnan | 6–2, 6–1 |
| 1958 | Ramanathan Krishnan | Naresh Kumar | 5–7, 6–3, 6-2 |
| 1959 | Kurt Nielsen | Torben Ulrich | 4–6, 6–3, 6–4 |
| 1960 | Mark Otway | Martin Mulligan | 3–6, 6–2, 7–5 |
| 1961 | Mike Sangster | Luis Ayala | divided |
| 1962 | Mike Sangster (2) | Billy Knight | 10–12, 6–3, 6–4 |
| 1963 | Mike Sangster (3) | Tony Roche | 19–17, 6–4 |
| 1964 | abandoned | ||
| 1965 | Tom Okker | Roger Taylor | 7–5, 6–3 |
| 1966 | John E. Barrett | Lew Gerrard | 6–3, 6–3 |
| 1967 | Owen Davidson | Ray Ruffels | 6–1, 6–8, 6–4 |
| Open era | |||
| Rothmans Northern Championships | |||
| 1968 | Ken Fletcher | Luis Ayala | 6–3, 6–2 |
| 1969 | Clark Graebner | Graham Stilwell | 9–7, 3–6, 6–4 |
| 1970 | Robert Lutz | Tom Gorman | 6–2, 9–7 |
| Bio-Strath Northern Championships | |||
| 1971 | Colin Dibley | Bob Hewitt | 6–1, 6–4 |
| Rothmans Northern Championships | |||
| 1972 | Thomaz Koch | Colin Dibley | 6–2, 5–7, 6–4 |
| 1973 | Sherwood Stewart | Richard Crealy | 6–3, 6-4 |
| 1974 | Jimmy Connors | Mike Collins | 13–11, 6–2 |
| 1975 | Not held | ||
| Refuge Assurance Northern Championships | |||
| 1976 | Roscoe Tanner | Paul McNamee | 6–3, 7–9, 12–10 |
| 1977 | Billy Martin | Saeed Meer | 6–2, 6–1 |
| 1978 | Billy Martin (2) | Chris Bradnam | 9–8, 7-5 |
| 1979 | Colin Dibley | Mark Cox | 6–4, 6–4 |
| Greater Manchester Grass Court Tennis Championships | |||
| 1980 | Roscoe Tanner (2) | Stan Smith | 6–3, 6–4 |
| 1981 | Phil Dent | Brad Drewett | 7–5, 6-1 |
| 1982 | John McEnroe | Russell Simpson | 6–3, 6–7, 10–8 |
| 1983 | Tim Mayotte | Pat DuPré | 3–6, 6–4, 6-4 |
| 1984 | Jeremy Bates | Jeff Turpin | 6–4, 8-6 |
| 1985 | Jeremy Bates (2) | Dan Cassidy | 6–4, 6-2 |
| 1986 | Glenn Michibata | ||
| 1987 | Stefan Edberg | Kevin Curren | 6–3, 6–4 |
| 1988 | Stefan Edberg (2) | Kevin Curren | 6–3, 6–4 |
| 1989 | Patrick Baur | Andrew Castle | 6–4, 6–7, 7–5 |
| Manchester Open | |||
| 1990 | Pete Sampras | Gilad Bloom | 7–6, 7–6 |
| 1991 | Goran Ivanišević | Pete Sampras | 6–4, 6–4 |
| 1992 | Jacco Eltingh | MaliVai Washington | 6–3, 6–4 |
| 1993 | Jason Stoltenberg | Wally Masur | 6–1, 6–3 |
| 1994 | Patrick Rafter | Wayne Ferreira | 7–6(7–5), 7–6(7–4) |
| see Manchester Trophy Challenger | |||
Men's doubles Edit
| Year | Champions | Runners-up | Score |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1990 | Mark Kratzmann Jason Stoltenberg | Nick Brown Kelly Jones | 6–3, 2–6, 6–4 |
| 1991 | Omar Camporese Goran Ivanišević | Nick Brown Andrew Castle | 6–4, 6–3 |
| 1992 | Patrick Galbraith David Macpherson | Jeremy Bates Laurie Warder | 4–6, 6–3, 6–2 |
| 1993 | Ken Flach Rick Leach | Stefan Kruger Glenn Michibata | 6–4, 6–1 |
| 1994 | Rick Leach Danie Visser | Scott Davis Trevor Kronemann | 6–4, 4–6, 7–6 |
| see Manchester Trophy Challenger | |||
Women's singles Edit
| Northern Championships | |||||||||
| Year | Champions | Runners-up | Score | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1882 | May Langrishe | Constance Langley Smith | 6-3 8-6 | ||||||
| 1883 | Edith Coleridge | Miss Eckersley | 7-5 6-2 | ||||||
| 1884 | Edith Davies | Margaret Bracewell | 2-6 6-4 6-0 | ||||||
| 1885 | Maud Watson | Edith Davies | 6-3, 6-3 | ||||||
| 1886 | Maud Watson (2) | Lottie Dod | 7-5, 6-3 | ||||||
| 1887 | Lottie Dod | Maud Watson | 6-1, 6-2 | ||||||
| 1888 | Lottie Dod (2) | Blanche Bingley Hillyard | 6-3, 9-7 | ||||||
| 1889 | Lottie Dod (3) | Blanche Bingley Hillyard | 6-8, 6–3, 6-3 | ||||||
| 1890 | Mary Steedman | Beatrice Wood | 6-2, 6-0 | ||||||
| 1891 | Florence Stanuell | Beatrice Wood | 6-3, 2–6, 6-4 | ||||||
| 1892 | Lottie Dod (4) | Louisa Martin | 6-1, 6-0 | ||||||
| 1893 | Lottie Dod (5) | Blanche Bingley Hillyard | 6-3, 3–6, 7-5 | ||||||
| 1894 | Blanche Bingley Hillyard | Beatrice Wood Draffen | 7-5, 5–7, 6-3 | ||||||
| 1895 | Louisa Martin | Helen Jackson | 7-5, 6-3 | ||||||
| 1896 | Louisa Martin (2) | Blanche Bingley Hillyard | 6–2, 7-5 | ||||||
| 1897 | Charlotte Cooper | Louisa Martin | 3-6, 6–3, 6-4 | ||||||
| 1898 | Louisa Martin (3) | Charlotte Cooper | 10-8, 6-4 | ||||||
| 1899 | Louisa Martin (4) | Ruth Dyas Durlacher | 6-8, 6–2, 6-2 | ||||||
| 1900 | Blanche Bingley Hillyard (2) | Louisa Martin | 2-6, 8–6, 6-4 | ||||||
| 1901 | Louisa Martin (5) | Blanche Bingley Hillyard | 6-3, 4–6, 6-3 | ||||||
| 1902 | Louisa Martin (6) | Muriel Robb | 6-8, 7–5, 6-1 | ||||||
| 1903 | Louisa Martin (7) | Dorothea Douglass | 4-6, 7–5, 6-4 | ||||||
| 1904 | Dorothea Douglass | Ethel Thomson | 6-1, 6-2 | ||||||
| 1905 | May Sutton | Hilda Lane | 7-5, 8-6 | ||||||
| 1906 | Dorothea Douglass (2) | May Sutton | 7-5, 6-2 | ||||||
| 1907 | Charlotte Cooper Sterry (2) | May Sutton | 7-5, 6-0 | ||||||
| 1908 | Edith Boucher | Charlotte Cooper Sterry | 7-5, 6-2 | ||||||
| 1909 | Edith Johnson | Maude Garfit | 6-3, 9–11, 6-0 | ||||||
| 1910 | Edith Johnson (2) | Maude Garfit | 3-6, 6–4, 6-0 | ||||||
| 1911 | Dorothea Douglass Chambers (3) | Mabel Squire Parton | 6-2, 6-2 | ||||||
| 1912 | Ethel Thomson Larcombe | Mabel Squire Parton | 6-4, 6-1 | ||||||
| 1913 | Ethel Thomson Larcombe (2) | Dorothea Douglass Chambers | 6-2m 6-4 | ||||||
| 1914 | Dorothea Douglass Chambers (4) | Agnes Morton | 6-1, 6-2 | ||||||
| 1915/1918 | Not held (due to world war one) | ||||||||
| 1919 | Dorothea Douglass Chambers (5) | Ethel Thomson Larcombe | 7-5 6-3 | ||||||
| 1920 | Elizabeth Ryan | Aurea Farrington Edgington | 6-1, 6-3 | ||||||
| 1921 | Elizabeth Ryan (2) | Kitty Mckane | 7-5, 6-4 | ||||||
| 1922 | Elizabeth Ryan (3) | Kitty Mckane | 6-2, 8-6 | ||||||
| 1923 | Elizabeth Ryan (4) | Dorothy Holman | 6-3, 6-3 | ||||||
| 1924 | Mary Holmes | Claire Beckingham | 6-0, 0–6, 6-3 | ||||||
| 1925 | Elizabeth Ryan (4) | Joan Reid-Thomas | 6-4, 6-3 | ||||||
| 1926 | Claire Beckingham | Elsie Goldsack | 6-1, 6-1 | ||||||
| 1927 | Claire Beckingham (2) | Elsie Goldsack | 6-2, 8-6 | ||||||
| 1928 | Claire Beckingham (3) | Dorothy Shaw | 8-6, 6-3 | ||||||
| 1928 | Gwen Sterry | Sylvia Lumley-Ellis | 6-4, 6-2 | ||||||
| From 1929-1939 there were 2 womens events held in * Manchester & ** Liverpool | |||||||||
| 1929* | Joan Fry | Gwen Sterry | 6-1, 4–6, 6-4 | ||||||
| 1929** | Winifred Bower | Joan Reid-Thomas Strawson | 6-1, 3–6, 6-1 | ||||||
| 1930* | Evelyn Goldsworth | Nichola Hunt | 7-5, 6-2 | ||||||
| 1930** | Joan Reid-Thomas Strawson | Dorothy Anderson | 4-6, 6–4, 6-4 | ||||||
| 1931* | Evelyn Goldsworth (2) | Ena Alexandroff | 8-10 6-4 6-3 | ||||||
| 1931** | Ena Alexandroff | Joan Ingram | divided title | ||||||
| 1932* | Joan Ingram | Manon Hargreaves | 11-9, 6-1 | ||||||
| 1932** | Cristobel Hardie Wheatcroft | Sarah Eccles | 6-3, 6-3 | ||||||
| 1933 | Liverpool event not held | ||||||||
| 1933* | Evelyn Goldsworth (3) | Jackie McAlpine | 7-5 6-1 | ||||||
| 1934* | Jean Saunders | Doris Bullock | 6-0, 6-2 | ||||||
| 1934** | Hilde Krahwinkel Sperling | Joan Hartigan | 7-5, 8-6 | ||||||
| 1935* | Mary Hardwick | Dora Beazley | 6-0, 6-2 | ||||||
| 1935** | Mary Whitmarsh | Barbara Drew | 9-11, 6–4, 6-2 | ||||||
| 1936* | Patience Thomson | Dora Beazley | 6-0, 6-2 | ||||||
| 1936** | Anita Lizana | Nancy Kidson Fontes | 6-1, 6-0 | ||||||
| 1937* | Dora Beazley | Pamela Morison | 2-6, 6–2, 7-5 | ||||||
| 1937** | Anita Lizana (2) | Joan Reid-Thomas Strawson | 6-0, 6-4 | ||||||
| 1938* | Peggy Saunders Michell | Dora Beazley | 6-1, 5–7, 7-5 | ||||||
| 1938** | Hilde Krahwinkel Sperling (2) | Joan Reid-Thomas Strawson | 6-0, 6-4 | ||||||
| 1939 | Liverpool event not held | ||||||||
| 1939* | Gem Hoahing | Patience Thomson | divide title | ||||||
| 1940/1945 | Not held (due to world war two) | ||||||||
| 1946 | Margaret Osborne | Louise Brough | 6-1, 6-3 | ||||||
| 1947 | Jean Nicoll Bostock | Betty Clements Hilton | 11-9, 6-2 | ||||||
| 1948 | Betty Clements Hilton | Jean Nicoll Bostock | 6-3, 8-6 | ||||||
| 1949 | Pat Canning Todd | Lesley Hunter Fulton | 6-3 6-2 | ||||||
| 1950 | Shirley Fry | Gladys Southwell Lines | 6-2, 6-3 | ||||||
| 1951 | Doris Hart | Beverly Baker | 8-6, 6-3 | ||||||
| 1952 | Maureen Connolly | Jean Quertier Rinkel | 6-3, 6-1 | ||||||
| 1953 | Doris Hart (2) | Helen Fletcher | 5-7, 6–1, 7-5 | ||||||
| 1954 | Maureen Connolly (2) | Louise Brough | 6-3, 6-2 | ||||||
| 1955 | Doris Hart (3) | Louise Brough | 9-11, 6–2, 6-2 | ||||||
| 1956 | Althea Gibson | Louise Brough | 2-6, 6–4, 6-4 | ||||||
| 1957 | Althea Gibson (2) | Anne Shilcock | 6-3, 6-4 | ||||||
| 1958 | Althea Gibson (3) | Maria Bueno | 6-1, 8-6 | ||||||
| 1959 | Sally Moore | Rosie Reyes | 6-2, 2–6, 6-3 | ||||||
| 1960 | Darlene Hard | Rita Bentley | 6-3 6-3 | ||||||
| 1961 | Sandra Reynolds | Lesley Turner | 6-4 6-3 | ||||||
| 1962 | Darlene Hard (2) | Judy Tegart | 6-3, 6-2 | ||||||
| 1963 | Jan Lehane | Darlene Hard | 6-4, 8–10, 6-4 | ||||||
| 1964 | abandoned at semifinal stage due to rain | ||||||||
| 1965 | Margaret Smith | Maria Bueno | 6-1, 7-5 | ||||||
| 1966 | Billie Jean Moffitt King | Winnie Shaw | 6-2, 6-1 | ||||||
| 1967 | Maria Bueno | Karen Krantzcke | 6-4, 6-3 | ||||||
| Open era | |||||||||
Notes Edit
- ^ Prentice, David. "Liverpool International tennis tournament is changing venues this summer". Liverpool Echo, 12 March 2014. Retrieved 21 July 2016.
- ^ Robertson, Max (1974). The Encyclopedia of Tennis. London: Allen & Unwin. pp. 266, 267. ISBN 9780047960420.
- ^ Meyers, A. Wallis (1903). Lawn Tennis at Home and Abroad. New York: Charles Scribner and Sons. p. 55.
- ^ Lake, Robert J. (2014). A Social History of Tennis in Britain. Routledge. p. 49. ISBN 9781134445578.
- ^ R.L. Fell (1936). Northern Lawn Tennis Club. p. 5.
- ^ Allaby, David (1981). Wimbledon of the North : 100 years at the Northern. Didsbury: E.J. Morten. pp. 8–9. ISBN 978-0859720472.
- ^ Robertson, Max (1974). The Encyclopedia of Tennis. London: Allen & Unwin. pp. 266, 267. ISBN 9780047960420.
- ^ Meyers, A. Wallis (1903). Lawn Tennis at Home and Abroad. New York: Charles Scribner and Sons. p. 55.
- ^ Lake, Robert J. (2014). A Social History of Tennis in Britain. Routledge. p. 49. ISBN 9781134445578.
- ^ Max Robertson, ed. (1974). The Encyclopedia of Tennis. London: Allen & Unwin. p. 294. ISBN 0047960426.
- ^ "McEnroe Tests Ankle". Ocala Star Banner. 2 June 1982. Retrieved 17 September 2011.
- ^ "AP". The Albany Herald Newspaper Reports 1st Grass Court title win by Pete Sampras. 24 June 1990. Retrieved 21 September 2011.
External links Edit
- : Accessed 17/09/2011.
- : Accessed 17/09/2011.
- Championship Roll of Honour. Accessed 8/11/2011.