fbpx
Wikipedia

Binge-watching

January 06, 2023

For the overlapping concept of marathon viewing, see marathon (media).

Binge-watching (also called binge-viewing) is the practice of watching entertainment or informational content for a prolonged time span, usually a single television show.

Netflix loaded on a TV in a Manhattan apartment

Statistics

Binge-watching overlaps with marathon viewing which places more emphasis on stamina and less on self-indulgence. In a survey conducted by Netflix in February 2014, 73% of people define binge-watching as "watching between 2–6 episodes of the same TV show in one sitting".[1] Some researchers have argued that binge-watching should be defined based on the context and the actual content of TV show.[2] Others suggested that what is normally called binge-watching in fact refers to more than one type of TV viewing behavior (and experience). They proposed that the notion of binge-watching should be expanded to include both the prolonged sit (watching 3 or more episodes in a row, in one sitting) and the accelerated consumption of an entire season (or seasons) of a show, one episode at a time, over several days.[3]

Binge-watching as an observed cultural phenomenon has become popular with the rise of video streaming services in the 2006–2007 time frame, such as Netflix, Amazon Prime Video, and Hulu through which the viewer can watch television shows and movies on-demand.[4][5] For example, 61% of the Netflix survey participants said they binge-watch regularly.[1] Recent research based on video-on-demand data from major US video streaming providers shows that over 64% of the customers binged-watched once during a year.[2]

History

Further information: Marathon (media) § History

Japanese manga magazine Weekly Shōnen Jump developed a successful formula of publishing individual manga chapters and then compiling them into separate standalone tankōbon volumes that could be "binged" all at once. This Jump formula produced major Japanese pop culture hits such as Dragon Ball (1984 debut), One Piece (1997 debut) and Naruto (1999 debut). According to Matt Alt of The New Yorker, "Jump presaged the way the world consumes streaming entertainment today."[6]

The practice of binge-watching was previously called marathon-watching. Early examples of this practice include marathon viewing sessions of imported Japanese anime shows on VHS tapes in anime fandom communities during the late 1970s to 1980s,[7][8] and Nickelodeon's Nick at Nite which broadcast multiple episodes from Donna Reed and Route 66 in July 1985.[9]

The usage of the word "binge-watching" was popularized with the advent of on-demand viewing and online streaming. In 2013, the word burst into mainstream use to describe the Netflix practice of releasing seasons of its original programs simultaneously, as opposed to the industry standard model of releasing episodes on a weekly basis.[10]

In November 2015, the Collins English Dictionary chose the word "binge-watch" as the word of the year.[11]

At the beginning of the 2020 pandemic, there was a noticeable surge of Netflix binge watching.[12] Lockdown made it so that those stuck at home turned towards spending their time catching up and re-watching television series.  

In a comparison study, Bridget Rubenking observed that traditional appointment viewing had decreased from 2015 to 2020.[13] Rubenking noted that all three types of viewing, binge watching, serial viewing, and appointment viewing, were at an all-time high during the start of the pandemic.[13] These circumstances contributed to a rise in the number of individuals who adopted these habits.  

Cultural impact

Actor Kevin Spacey used the 2013 MacTaggart Lecture to implore television executives to give audiences "what they want when they want it. If they want to binge, then we should let them binge". He claimed that high-quality stories will retain audience's attention for hours on end, and may reduce piracy,[14] although millions still download content illegally. Binge-watching "complex, quality TV" such as The Wire and Breaking Bad has been likened to reading more than one chapter of a novel in one sitting, and is viewed by some as a "smart, contemplative way" of watching TV.[15] A recent study found that while binge-watching, people feel "transported" into the world of the show, which increases their viewing enjoyment, makes them binge-watch more frequently and for longer.[16]

ITV Director of Television Peter Fincham warned that binge-watching erodes the "social value" of television as there are fewer opportunities to anticipate future episodes and discuss them with friends.[17] Nevertheless, research has shown that heavy binge-watching does not necessarily mean less social engagement. One study found quite the opposite, reporting that heavy binge-watchers spent more time in interactions with friends and family on a daily basis than non-binge-watchers. Heavy binge-watchers are used by others as sources of opinion about what shows to watch and they often engage in conversations about TV shows both offline and online.[18]

Research conducted at the University of Texas at Austin found binge watching television is correlated with depression, loneliness, self-regulation deficiency, and obesity. "Even though some people argue that binge-watching is a harmless addiction, findings from our study suggest that binge-watching should no longer be viewed this way," the authors conclude.[19] Cases of people being treated for “binge watching addiction” have already been reported.[20]

Research published by media scholar, Dr. Anne Sweet, Ph.D., underlines that binge-watching is a form of compulsive consumption, similar to binge-eating, or binge-drinking, and that due to its addictive aspects, it could even represent a form of TV addiction.[21] These findings were problematized by Pittman and Steiner (2019), who found that "the degree to which an individual pays attention to a show may either increase or decrease subsequent regret, depending on the motivation for binge-watching."[22]

Research conducted by media scholar Dr. Emil Steiner, Ph.D., at Rowan University isolated five motivations for binge-watching (catching up, relaxation, sense of completion, cultural inclusion, and improved viewing experience). The author concludes that while compulsiveness is possible, most binge-viewers have an ambivalent relationship with the nascent techno-cultural behavior.[23] Furthermore, he argues that the negotiation of control in binge-watching is changing our understanding of television culture.[24]

Research conducted by Technicolor lab in 2016 found that a binge-watching session does increase the probability of another binge-watching session in the near future. In the meantime, the majority of people will not immediately have another binge-watching session. This indicates that binge-watching is not a consistent behavior for real-world video-on-demand consumers.[2]

Viewing an entire season of a show within 24 hours of its release has become common. According to a 2018 survey of adult TV watchers, 29% reported having done so. Among those aged 18–29, the number increases to 51%.[25]

In popular culture

In July 2013, Entertainment Weekly’s website listed the top five television series suited for the new entertainment-consumption phenomenon of binge-watching, which has emerged as viewers have chosen to watch whole seasons of TV series, or even whole series, at a sitting [26]

It has also been subjected to parody as the website CollegeHumor released a 2014 comedic PSA titled "The Dangers of Binge-Watching".[27]

In March 2020, memes surrounding binge watching while stuck in lockdown circulated the internet.[28] The collective experience of living in a pandemic led to a number of people online to indulge in sharing memes.

Attentiveness

A 2019 study by Dr. Matthew Pittman of the University of Tennessee and Dr. Emil Steiner of Rowan University examined how attentiveness affected viewer experience and post-binge regret. "The survey (N = 800) determined that the degree to which an individual pays attention to a show may either increase or decrease subsequent regret, depending on the motivation for binge-watching."[22] But simply watching shows that demand more attention is not enough to moderate post-binge regret. Their subsequent research (Pittman and Steiner, 2021) found that viewers who planned their binge-watching ahead of time were more likely to choose shows that aligned with their motives for watching — relaxing comedies, riveting dramas, nostalgic favorites.[29] Such planning improved "viewer engagement, resulting in improved emotional outcomes."[30]

Within the television industry, speculation emerged in the early 2020s that binge watching a new series could make a series less memorable in the long term compared to shows released on a more traditional schedule; various streaming providers, lead by Disney+, have had success releasing some of their original series on a weekly schedule, in contrast to the Netflix model which is most aggressive among the streaming providers in releasing episodes all at once. Showrunners have increasingly requested that their programs not be released in bulk as a creative decision.[31]

Mareike Jenner makes note of streaming services like Netflix using algorithms to recommend relevant content to viewers.[32] Algorithms allow streaming services to personalize the user's experience by suggesting similar series to the one they just watched.

Binge watching can be attributed to "the bored body problem," which Tina Kendall explains as the phenomenon of individuals feeling the need to feel engaged.[28][33] Individuals who feel as if they have limited freedom or choice see binge watching as an activity to participate in. Kendall emphasizes that lockdown has heightened the need to get back into a rhythm as quarantine has left people feeling uncertain about how they should organize their day.[28]

Mood-regulation

Binge watching can be related to Zillmann’s Mood Management Theory, which may account binge-watching as an emotional regulation process. In line with the mood management theory, media content selection could be driven by the purpose of mood regulation. Most people attempt to regulate their moods and shift it to a more positive one through television shows.[34] However, such an effect proves to be dependent on individual self-control. Ego-depleted individuals (i.e., individuals presenting lower available cognitive resources to exert self-control) demonstrate tendencies to negatively evaluate entertainment use as a procrastination form, which may elicit feelings of guilt and negatively impact stress recovery and well-being.[35] Therein, the results of mood-regulation through content binging is dictated through individual self-control.

Effects on sleep

A 2017 study linked binge-watching to a poorer sleep quality, increased insomnia and fatigue.[36][37] In fact, binge-watching could lead to an increased cognitive alertness, therefore impacting sleep.[36] The results showed that 98 percent of binge-watchers were more likely to have poor sleep quality, were more alert before sleep and reported more fatigue. Authors also emphasize that findings have been inconsistent in sleep research regarding the negative associations between sleep and television viewing, and that it should be distinguished from binge-watching.[36]

Consuming television content at 'binge' levels has been found to create a negative effect on sleep cycles as a whole. Binge-watching may create feelings of regret, which may extending into the early hours of the morning, impacting on sleep and the day ahead. Additionally, individuals displaying binge-watching tendencies are more likely to suffer from insomnia, poorer sleep quality and sleep deprivation.[38]

Personality traits

A study from 2020 outlines the type of people who are most likely to partake in binge-watching. "[They] are more neurotic, less agreeable, less conscientious, and less open to new experience." [39] They also found that people who binge-watch often are more likely feel sad, anxious, stress and have low self-esteem. The study also finds that people who binge-watch often use "avoidance and emotional coping, instead of task-oriented coping." [39]

The same study also found that there were four profiles that binge-watchers fit into. The first is avid binge-watchers, who have high motivation for watching TV, but also have a strong sense of urgency and emotional reactions. The second is recreational binge-watchers, who have the least motivation and do not spend as much time watching TV. The third profile is, unregulated binge-watchers, who have the highest motivation to watch TV, which is driven by their coping mechanisms. Studies show they also "display the highest impulsivity among the binge-watchers of all types." [39] The last profile is, regulated binge-watchers, who also are motivated by emotional enrichment, they don't react as emotionally, and aren't impulsive people.

Risks

Studies have shown that prolonged binge-watching can lead to addictive characteristics. The type of instant gratification that it produces can be similar to that of gambling or computer/social media addiction. People who binge-watch regularly usually use it as an escape from reality and to take away from loneliness or boredom.[39] Another study found correlations between binge-watching and procrastinating. Both of these come with warning signs such as, "loss of self-control, urgency, regret, neglect of duties, negative social and health consequences, lying, or even symptoms of withdrawal such as anxiety, nervousness, rage, and concentration difficulties." [39]

Effects on advertising

A 2016 study found that, overall, viewers who tend to binge-watch are less responsive to advertising than viewers who do not. The effectiveness of advertising declines the longer a viewing session goes on.[40] Researchers attribute this phenomenon to the disruption caused by ads. Binge-watchers want to remain immersed in what they are watching. They do not want to be forced back into the real world.[41]

In 2019, Hulu introduced a new ad format for binge-watchers. A brand runs ads during the first and second episodes of a binge-watching session that include jokes and references to binge-watching. Before the third episode, the brand rewards binge-watchers by running an ad that features a special promotion or announcing they will be able to watch the next episode without commercial interruptions.[42]

Lee Rainie of the Pew Research Center stated that:

"Although watching television shows or movies on cable is becoming less and less common in our generation,[43] several studies have come out discussing the effects that fast food advertising has especially on the younger audience. When binge watching we come across several different advertisements, and we underestimate the impact and significant effect they have on us."

A study on the "Receptivity to television fast-food restaurant marketing and obesity among U.S youth"[44] studied the extent to which fast food advertisements have played a role in the rates of obesity in the United States, where the results found that there was a significant correlation between increased viewing time and receptivity to fast food marketing. The study states that $1.8 billion have been put towards food and beverage marketing directed specifically towards children and adolescents; demonstrating that big corporations know there are certain marketing tactics that have been known to work on younger audiences. There is, of course, a significant ethical concern when it comes to the tailoring of fast food marketing towards children and adolescents as it comprises their health, as many studies have shown. It is extremely important to recognize the receptivity that we have towards what we watch, as this allows us to be more aware of how what we are watching affects us. In learning to do this, young audiences can be more conscious of where their wants or cravings are stemming from, and how to possibly limit them if they are compromising their health and lifestyle.

See also

 
Wikiquote has quotations related to Binge-watching.

References

  1. ^ a b West, Kelly (December 13, 2013). "Unsurprising: Netflix Survey Indicates People Like To Binge-Watch TV". Cinema Blend. Retrieved February 12, 2014.
  2. ^ a b c Trouleau, William; Ashkan, Azin; Ding, Weicong; Eriksson, Brian (2016). Just One More: Modeling Binge Watching Behavior. Proceedings of the 22nd ACM SIGKDD International Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining. KDD '16. New York, NY, USA: ACM. pp. 1215–1224. doi:10.1145/2939672.2939792. ISBN 978-1-4503-4232-2. S2CID 207239073.
  3. ^ Anghelcev, George; Sar, Sela; Martin, Justin; Moultrie, Jas L (2021). "Binge-Watching Serial Video Content: Exploring the Subjective Phenomenology of the Binge-Watching Experience". Mass Communication and Society. 24 (1): 130–154. doi:10.1080/15205436.2020.1811346.
  4. ^ Poniewozik, James (July 10, 2012). "Go Ahead, Binge-Watch That TV Show". Time. Time. Retrieved September 7, 2013.
  5. ^ Jurgensen, John (July 13, 2012). "Binge Viewing: TV's Lost Weekends". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved February 26, 2017. Using streaming and DVRs, TV viewers are increasingly gobbling up entire seasons of shows in marathon sessions
  6. ^ Alt, Matt (June 18, 2021). ""Demon Slayer": The Viral Blockbuster from Japan". The New Yorker. Retrieved June 20, 2021.
  7. ^ McKevitt, Andrew C. (August 31, 2017). Consuming Japan: Popular Culture and the Globalizing of 1980s America. UNC Press Books. pp. 194–5. ISBN 978-1-4696-3448-7.
  8. ^ Plunkett, Luke (November 22, 2016). "Early Anime Fans Were Tough Pioneers". Kotaku. Retrieved September 19, 2020.
  9. ^ Slevinski, Christy. "CLASSIC MOVE: NICK AT NITE MARKS A DECADE". New York Daily News. Retrieved May 1, 2018.
  10. ^ . OxfordWords blog. Oxford Dictionaries. November 19, 2013. Archived from the original on November 20, 2013. Retrieved December 15, 2013.
  11. ^ "Binge-watch is Collins' dictionary's Word of the Year". BBC News. November 5, 2015. Retrieved November 11, 2015.
  12. ^ Horeck, Tanya (September 1, 2021). ""Netflix and Heal"". Film Quarterly. 75 (1): 35–40. doi:10.1525/fq.2021.75.1.35. ISSN 0015-1386. S2CID 239698912. Retrieved March 19, 2022.
  13. ^ a b Rubenking, Bridget; Bracken, Cheryl Campanella (December 2021). "Binge watching and serial viewing: Comparing new media viewing habits in 2015 and 2020". Addictive Behaviors Reports. 14: 100356. doi:10.1016/j.abrep.2021.100356. PMC 8173264. PMID 34124334.
  14. ^ BBC News (August 22, 2013). "Kevin Spacey: TV audiences 'want to binge'". BBC. Retrieved April 21, 2015.
  15. ^ Barton, Kristin M. (March 2, 2015). A State of Arrested Development: Critical Essays on the Innovative Television Comed. McFarland. p. 228. ISBN 978-0-7864-7991-7.
  16. ^ Anghelcev, George; Sar, Sela; Martin, Justin; Moultrie, Jas (2021). "Binge-Watching Serial Video Content: Exploring the Subjective Phenomenology of the Binge-Watching Experience". Mass Communication and Society. 24 (1): 130–154. doi:10.1080/15205436.2020.1811346.
  17. ^ Plunkett, John; Sweney, Mark (August 26, 2013). "Kevin Spacey's MacTaggart lecture prompts defence of traditional TV". The Guardian. Guardian Media Ltd. Retrieved April 21, 2015.
  18. ^ Anghelcev, George; Sar, Sela; Martin, Justin; Moultrie, Jas L (2020). "Is Heavy Binge-watching a Socially Driven Behaviour? Exploring Differences Between Heavy, Regular and Non-binge-watchers". Journal of Digital Media & Policy. 13 (2): 201–221. doi:10.1386/jdmp_00035_1. S2CID 229629499.
  19. ^ Sung, Yoon Hi; Kang, Eun. "A Bad Habit for Your Health? An Exploration of Psychological Factors for Binge-Watching Behavior". American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). Retrieved August 23, 2015.
  20. ^ Gardner, Bill (January 6, 2020). "Three people treated for 'binge watching' addiction to TV in first cases of their kind in Britain". The Telegraph. ISSN 0307-1235. Retrieved January 25, 2020.
  21. ^ Sweet, Anne (2017). "Dependence in / on TV series II (Séries et dépendance: Dépendance aux séries II)". InMedia. 6.
  22. ^ a b Pittman and Steiner (2019). "Transportation or Narrative Completion? Attentiveness during Binge-Watching Moderates Regret". Social Sciences. 8 (3): 99. doi:10.3390/socsci8030099.
  23. ^ Steiner, Emil. "Binge-Watching Motivates Change". Convergence. doi:10.1177/1354856517750365. S2CID 148575983.
  24. ^ Baker, Brandon. "Infrequently Asked Questions: Why do we binge-watch?". Philly Voice. Retrieved July 26, 2016.
  25. ^ "Most Young Adults Have an Appetite for Binge-Watching Shows". Morning Consult. November 6, 2018. Retrieved February 29, 2020.
  26. ^ Jenner, Mareike (2021). Binge-Watching and Contemporary Television Research. Edinburgh University Press. ISBN 978-1-4744-6200-6. OCLC 1295276155.
  27. ^ The Dangers of Binge-Watching, A Funny Short That Relates Binge-Watching TV Shows to Binge-Drinking Alcohol - Laughing Squid
  28. ^ a b c Kendall, Tina (September 1, 2021). "From Binge-Watching to Binge-Scrolling". Film Quarterly. 75 (1): 41–46. doi:10.1525/fq.2021.75.1.41. ISSN 0015-1386. S2CID 239718413. Retrieved March 19, 2022.
  29. ^ Pittman and Steiner (2021). "Distinguishing feast-watching from cringe-watching: Planned, social, and attentive binge-watching predicts increased well-being and decreased regret". Convergence. 27 (5): 1507–1524. doi:10.1177/1354856521999183. S2CID 233621173. Retrieved March 22, 2021.
  30. ^ Pierce-Grove, Ri (May 2, 2020). "Binge-watching can soothe the coronavirus quarantine blues, and no need for guilt". USA Today. Retrieved May 2, 2020.
  31. ^ Press, Joy (May 14, 2021). "One Episode at a Time, Please: Is a Binge Backlash Brewing?". Vanity Fair.
  32. ^ Jenner, Mareike (2018). Netflix and the Re-invention of Television. Springer International Publishing. pp. 127–133. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-94316-9. ISBN 978-3-319-94315-2. Retrieved March 19, 2022.
  33. ^ Wark, McKenzie (February 1, 2007). Gamer Theory. Harvard University Press. p. 171. doi:10.4159/9780674044838-008. ISBN 9780674044838. Retrieved March 19, 2022.
  34. ^ Sigre-Leirós, Vera; Billieux, Joël; Mohr, Christine; Maurage, Pierre; King, Daniel L.; Schimmenti, Adriano; Flayelle, Maèva (February 24, 2022). "Binge-watching in times of COVID-19: A longitudinal examination of changes in affect and TV series consumption patterns during lockdown" (PDF). Psychology of Popular Media. doi:10.1037/ppm0000390. ISSN 2689-6575. S2CID 247112921.
  35. ^ Sigre-Leirós, Vera; Billieux, Joël; Mohr, Christine; Maurage, Pierre; King, Daniel L.; Schimmenti, Adriano; Flayelle, Maèva (February 24, 2022). "Binge-watching in times of COVID-19: A longitudinal examination of changes in affect and TV series consumption patterns during lockdown" (PDF). Psychology of Popular Media. doi:10.1037/ppm0000390. ISSN 2689-6575. S2CID 247112921.
  36. ^ a b c Exelmans L, Van den Bulck J. (2017). "Binge viewing, sleep, and the role of pre-sleep arousal". J Clin Sleep Med. 13 (8): 1001–1008. doi:10.5664/jcsm.6704. ISSN 1550-9397. PMC 5529125. PMID 28728618.
  37. ^ "Binge-watching television associated with poor sleep in young adults". American Academy of Sleep Medicine. August 14, 2017. Retrieved June 20, 2020.
  38. ^ Starosta, Jolanta A.; Izydorczyk, Bernadetta (June 2020). "Understanding the Phenomenon of Binge-Watching—A Systematic Review". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 17 (12): 4469. doi:10.3390/ijerph17124469. ISSN 1661-7827. PMC 7344932. PMID 32580289.
  39. ^ a b c d e Starosta, Jolanta A.; Izydorczyk, Bernadetta (January 2020). "Understanding the Phenomenon of Binge-Watching—A Systematic Review". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 17 (12): 4469. doi:10.3390/ijerph17124469. ISSN 1660-4601. PMC 7344932. PMID 32580289.
  40. ^ Schweidel, David A.; Moe, Wendy W. (September 1, 2016). "Binge Watching and Advertising". Journal of Marketing. 80 (5): 1–19. doi:10.1509/jm.15.0258. ISSN 0022-2429. S2CID 168502732.
  41. ^ "Encouraging TV Binge Watching May Backfire On Advertisers". NPR.org. Retrieved February 29, 2020.
  42. ^ Steinberg, Brian (December 12, 2019). "Hulu Hopes to Make Ads Part of Your Binge Session". Variety. Retrieved February 29, 2020.
  43. ^ Rainie, Lee. "Cable and satellite TV use has dropped dramatically in the U.S. since 2015". Pew Research Center. Retrieved April 13, 2022.
  44. ^ McClure, Auden C.; Tanski, Susanne E.; Gilbert-Diamond, Diane; Adachi-Mejia, Anna M.; Li, Zhigang; Li, Zhongze; Sargent, James D. (November 2013). "Receptivity to Television Fast-Food Restaurant Marketing and Obesity Among U.S. Youth". American Journal of Preventive Medicine. 45 (5): 560–568. doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2013.06.011. ISSN 0749-3797. PMC 3934414. PMID 24139768.

January 06, 2023
binge, watching, overlapping, concept, marathon, viewing, marathon, media, also, called, binge, viewing, practice, watching, entertainment, informational, content, prolonged, time, span, usually, single, television, show, netflix, loaded, manhattan, apartment,. For the overlapping concept of marathon viewing see marathon media Binge watching also called binge viewing is the practice of watching entertainment or informational content for a prolonged time span usually a single television show Netflix loaded on a TV in a Manhattan apartment Contents 1 Statistics 2 History 3 Cultural impact 3 1 In popular culture 4 Attentiveness 5 Mood regulation 6 Effects on sleep 7 Personality traits 8 Risks 9 Effects on advertising 10 See also 11 ReferencesStatistics EditBinge watching overlaps with marathon viewing which places more emphasis on stamina and less on self indulgence In a survey conducted by Netflix in February 2014 73 of people define binge watching as watching between 2 6 episodes of the same TV show in one sitting 1 Some researchers have argued that binge watching should be defined based on the context and the actual content of TV show 2 Others suggested that what is normally called binge watching in fact refers to more than one type of TV viewing behavior and experience They proposed that the notion of binge watching should be expanded to include both the prolonged sit watching 3 or more episodes in a row in one sitting and the accelerated consumption of an entire season or seasons of a show one episode at a time over several days 3 Binge watching as an observed cultural phenomenon has become popular with the rise of video streaming services in the 2006 2007 time frame such as Netflix Amazon Prime Video and Hulu through which the viewer can watch television shows and movies on demand 4 5 For example 61 of the Netflix survey participants said they binge watch regularly 1 Recent research based on video on demand data from major US video streaming providers shows that over 64 of the customers binged watched once during a year 2 History EditFurther information Marathon media History Japanese manga magazine Weekly Shōnen Jump developed a successful formula of publishing individual manga chapters and then compiling them into separate standalone tankōbon volumes that could be binged all at once This Jump formula produced major Japanese pop culture hits such as Dragon Ball 1984 debut One Piece 1997 debut and Naruto 1999 debut According to Matt Alt of The New Yorker Jump presaged the way the world consumes streaming entertainment today 6 The practice of binge watching was previously called marathon watching Early examples of this practice include marathon viewing sessions of imported Japanese anime shows on VHS tapes in anime fandom communities during the late 1970s to 1980s 7 8 and Nickelodeon s Nick at Nite which broadcast multiple episodes from Donna Reed and Route 66 in July 1985 9 The usage of the word binge watching was popularized with the advent of on demand viewing and online streaming In 2013 the word burst into mainstream use to describe the Netflix practice of releasing seasons of its original programs simultaneously as opposed to the industry standard model of releasing episodes on a weekly basis 10 In November 2015 the Collins English Dictionary chose the word binge watch as the word of the year 11 At the beginning of the 2020 pandemic there was a noticeable surge of Netflix binge watching 12 Lockdown made it so that those stuck at home turned towards spending their time catching up and re watching television series In a comparison study Bridget Rubenking observed that traditional appointment viewing had decreased from 2015 to 2020 13 Rubenking noted that all three types of viewing binge watching serial viewing and appointment viewing were at an all time high during the start of the pandemic 13 These circumstances contributed to a rise in the number of individuals who adopted these habits Cultural impact EditActor Kevin Spacey used the 2013 MacTaggart Lecture to implore television executives to give audiences what they want when they want it If they want to binge then we should let them binge He claimed that high quality stories will retain audience s attention for hours on end and may reduce piracy 14 although millions still download content illegally Binge watching complex quality TV such as The Wire and Breaking Bad has been likened to reading more than one chapter of a novel in one sitting and is viewed by some as a smart contemplative way of watching TV 15 A recent study found that while binge watching people feel transported into the world of the show which increases their viewing enjoyment makes them binge watch more frequently and for longer 16 ITV Director of Television Peter Fincham warned that binge watching erodes the social value of television as there are fewer opportunities to anticipate future episodes and discuss them with friends 17 Nevertheless research has shown that heavy binge watching does not necessarily mean less social engagement One study found quite the opposite reporting that heavy binge watchers spent more time in interactions with friends and family on a daily basis than non binge watchers Heavy binge watchers are used by others as sources of opinion about what shows to watch and they often engage in conversations about TV shows both offline and online 18 Research conducted at the University of Texas at Austin found binge watching television is correlated with depression loneliness self regulation deficiency and obesity Even though some people argue that binge watching is a harmless addiction findings from our study suggest that binge watching should no longer be viewed this way the authors conclude 19 Cases of people being treated for binge watching addiction have already been reported 20 Research published by media scholar Dr Anne Sweet Ph D underlines that binge watching is a form of compulsive consumption similar to binge eating or binge drinking and that due to its addictive aspects it could even represent a form of TV addiction 21 These findings were problematized by Pittman and Steiner 2019 who found that the degree to which an individual pays attention to a show may either increase or decrease subsequent regret depending on the motivation for binge watching 22 Research conducted by media scholar Dr Emil Steiner Ph D at Rowan University isolated five motivations for binge watching catching up relaxation sense of completion cultural inclusion and improved viewing experience The author concludes that while compulsiveness is possible most binge viewers have an ambivalent relationship with the nascent techno cultural behavior 23 Furthermore he argues that the negotiation of control in binge watching is changing our understanding of television culture 24 Research conducted by Technicolor lab in 2016 found that a binge watching session does increase the probability of another binge watching session in the near future In the meantime the majority of people will not immediately have another binge watching session This indicates that binge watching is not a consistent behavior for real world video on demand consumers 2 Viewing an entire season of a show within 24 hours of its release has become common According to a 2018 survey of adult TV watchers 29 reported having done so Among those aged 18 29 the number increases to 51 25 In popular culture Edit In July 2013 Entertainment Weekly s website listed the top five television series suited for the new entertainment consumption phenomenon of binge watching which has emerged as viewers have chosen to watch whole seasons of TV series or even whole series at a sitting 26 It has also been subjected to parody as the website CollegeHumor released a 2014 comedic PSA titled The Dangers of Binge Watching 27 In March 2020 memes surrounding binge watching while stuck in lockdown circulated the internet 28 The collective experience of living in a pandemic led to a number of people online to indulge in sharing memes Attentiveness EditA 2019 study by Dr Matthew Pittman of the University of Tennessee and Dr Emil Steiner of Rowan University examined how attentiveness affected viewer experience and post binge regret The survey N 800 determined that the degree to which an individual pays attention to a show may either increase or decrease subsequent regret depending on the motivation for binge watching 22 But simply watching shows that demand more attention is not enough to moderate post binge regret Their subsequent research Pittman and Steiner 2021 found that viewers who planned their binge watching ahead of time were more likely to choose shows that aligned with their motives for watching relaxing comedies riveting dramas nostalgic favorites 29 Such planning improved viewer engagement resulting in improved emotional outcomes 30 Within the television industry speculation emerged in the early 2020s that binge watching a new series could make a series less memorable in the long term compared to shows released on a more traditional schedule various streaming providers lead by Disney have had success releasing some of their original series on a weekly schedule in contrast to the Netflix model which is most aggressive among the streaming providers in releasing episodes all at once Showrunners have increasingly requested that their programs not be released in bulk as a creative decision 31 Mareike Jenner makes note of streaming services like Netflix using algorithms to recommend relevant content to viewers 32 Algorithms allow streaming services to personalize the user s experience by suggesting similar series to the one they just watched Binge watching can be attributed to the bored body problem which Tina Kendall explains as the phenomenon of individuals feeling the need to feel engaged 28 33 Individuals who feel as if they have limited freedom or choice see binge watching as an activity to participate in Kendall emphasizes that lockdown has heightened the need to get back into a rhythm as quarantine has left people feeling uncertain about how they should organize their day 28 Mood regulation EditBinge watching can be related to Zillmann s Mood Management Theory which may account binge watching as an emotional regulation process In line with the mood management theory media content selection could be driven by the purpose of mood regulation Most people attempt to regulate their moods and shift it to a more positive one through television shows 34 However such an effect proves to be dependent on individual self control Ego depleted individuals i e individuals presenting lower available cognitive resources to exert self control demonstrate tendencies to negatively evaluate entertainment use as a procrastination form which may elicit feelings of guilt and negatively impact stress recovery and well being 35 Therein the results of mood regulation through content binging is dictated through individual self control Effects on sleep EditA 2017 study linked binge watching to a poorer sleep quality increased insomnia and fatigue 36 37 In fact binge watching could lead to an increased cognitive alertness therefore impacting sleep 36 The results showed that 98 percent of binge watchers were more likely to have poor sleep quality were more alert before sleep and reported more fatigue Authors also emphasize that findings have been inconsistent in sleep research regarding the negative associations between sleep and television viewing and that it should be distinguished from binge watching 36 Consuming television content at binge levels has been found to create a negative effect on sleep cycles as a whole Binge watching may create feelings of regret which may extending into the early hours of the morning impacting on sleep and the day ahead Additionally individuals displaying binge watching tendencies are more likely to suffer from insomnia poorer sleep quality and sleep deprivation 38 Personality traits EditA study from 2020 outlines the type of people who are most likely to partake in binge watching They are more neurotic less agreeable less conscientious and less open to new experience 39 They also found that people who binge watch often are more likely feel sad anxious stress and have low self esteem The study also finds that people who binge watch often use avoidance and emotional coping instead of task oriented coping 39 The same study also found that there were four profiles that binge watchers fit into The first is avid binge watchers who have high motivation for watching TV but also have a strong sense of urgency and emotional reactions The second is recreational binge watchers who have the least motivation and do not spend as much time watching TV The third profile is unregulated binge watchers who have the highest motivation to watch TV which is driven by their coping mechanisms Studies show they also display the highest impulsivity among the binge watchers of all types 39 The last profile is regulated binge watchers who also are motivated by emotional enrichment they don t react as emotionally and aren t impulsive people Risks EditStudies have shown that prolonged binge watching can lead to addictive characteristics The type of instant gratification that it produces can be similar to that of gambling or computer social media addiction People who binge watch regularly usually use it as an escape from reality and to take away from loneliness or boredom 39 Another study found correlations between binge watching and procrastinating Both of these come with warning signs such as loss of self control urgency regret neglect of duties negative social and health consequences lying or even symptoms of withdrawal such as anxiety nervousness rage and concentration difficulties 39 Effects on advertising EditA 2016 study found that overall viewers who tend to binge watch are less responsive to advertising than viewers who do not The effectiveness of advertising declines the longer a viewing session goes on 40 Researchers attribute this phenomenon to the disruption caused by ads Binge watchers want to remain immersed in what they are watching They do not want to be forced back into the real world 41 In 2019 Hulu introduced a new ad format for binge watchers A brand runs ads during the first and second episodes of a binge watching session that include jokes and references to binge watching Before the third episode the brand rewards binge watchers by running an ad that features a special promotion or announcing they will be able to watch the next episode without commercial interruptions 42 Lee Rainie of the Pew Research Center stated that Although watching television shows or movies on cable is becoming less and less common in our generation 43 several studies have come out discussing the effects that fast food advertising has especially on the younger audience When binge watching we come across several different advertisements and we underestimate the impact and significant effect they have on us A study on the Receptivity to television fast food restaurant marketing and obesity among U S youth 44 studied the extent to which fast food advertisements have played a role in the rates of obesity in the United States where the results found that there was a significant correlation between increased viewing time and receptivity to fast food marketing The study states that 1 8 billion have been put towards food and beverage marketing directed specifically towards children and adolescents demonstrating that big corporations know there are certain marketing tactics that have been known to work on younger audiences There is of course a significant ethical concern when it comes to the tailoring of fast food marketing towards children and adolescents as it comprises their health as many studies have shown It is extremely important to recognize the receptivity that we have towards what we watch as this allows us to be more aware of how what we are watching affects us In learning to do this young audiences can be more conscious of where their wants or cravings are stemming from and how to possibly limit them if they are compromising their health and lifestyle See also Edit Wikiquote has quotations related to Binge watching Snack culture Golden Age of Television 2000s present Hate watchingReferences Edit a b West Kelly December 13 2013 Unsurprising Netflix Survey Indicates People Like To Binge Watch TV Cinema Blend Retrieved February 12 2014 a b c Trouleau William Ashkan Azin Ding Weicong Eriksson Brian 2016 Just One More Modeling Binge Watching Behavior Proceedings of the 22nd ACM SIGKDD International Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining KDD 16 New York NY USA ACM pp 1215 1224 doi 10 1145 2939672 2939792 ISBN 978 1 4503 4232 2 S2CID 207239073 Anghelcev George Sar Sela Martin Justin Moultrie Jas L 2021 Binge Watching Serial Video Content Exploring the Subjective Phenomenology of the Binge Watching Experience Mass Communication and Society 24 1 130 154 doi 10 1080 15205436 2020 1811346 Poniewozik James July 10 2012 Go Ahead Binge Watch That TV Show Time Time Retrieved September 7 2013 Jurgensen John July 13 2012 Binge Viewing TV s Lost Weekends The Wall Street Journal Retrieved February 26 2017 Using streaming and DVRs TV viewers are increasingly gobbling up entire seasons of shows in marathon sessions Alt Matt June 18 2021 Demon Slayer The Viral Blockbuster from Japan The New Yorker Retrieved June 20 2021 McKevitt Andrew C August 31 2017 Consuming Japan Popular Culture and the Globalizing of 1980s America UNC Press Books pp 194 5 ISBN 978 1 4696 3448 7 Plunkett Luke November 22 2016 Early Anime Fans Were Tough Pioneers Kotaku Retrieved September 19 2020 Slevinski Christy CLASSIC MOVE NICK AT NITE MARKS A DECADE New York Daily News Retrieved May 1 2018 Oxford Dictionaries Word of the Year 2013 OxfordWords blog Oxford Dictionaries November 19 2013 Archived from the original on November 20 2013 Retrieved December 15 2013 Binge watch is Collins dictionary s Word of the Year BBC News November 5 2015 Retrieved November 11 2015 Horeck Tanya September 1 2021 Netflix and Heal Film Quarterly 75 1 35 40 doi 10 1525 fq 2021 75 1 35 ISSN 0015 1386 S2CID 239698912 Retrieved March 19 2022 a b Rubenking Bridget Bracken Cheryl Campanella December 2021 Binge watching and serial viewing Comparing new media viewing habits in 2015 and 2020 Addictive Behaviors Reports 14 100356 doi 10 1016 j abrep 2021 100356 PMC 8173264 PMID 34124334 BBC News August 22 2013 Kevin Spacey TV audiences want to binge BBC Retrieved April 21 2015 Barton Kristin M March 2 2015 A State of Arrested Development Critical Essays on the Innovative Television Comed McFarland p 228 ISBN 978 0 7864 7991 7 Anghelcev George Sar Sela Martin Justin Moultrie Jas 2021 Binge Watching Serial Video Content Exploring the Subjective Phenomenology of the Binge Watching Experience Mass Communication and Society 24 1 130 154 doi 10 1080 15205436 2020 1811346 Plunkett John Sweney Mark August 26 2013 Kevin Spacey s MacTaggart lecture prompts defence of traditional TV The Guardian Guardian Media Ltd Retrieved April 21 2015 Anghelcev George Sar Sela Martin Justin Moultrie Jas L 2020 Is Heavy Binge watching a Socially Driven Behaviour Exploring Differences Between Heavy Regular and Non binge watchers Journal of Digital Media amp Policy 13 2 201 221 doi 10 1386 jdmp 00035 1 S2CID 229629499 Sung Yoon Hi Kang Eun A Bad Habit for Your Health An Exploration of Psychological Factors for Binge Watching Behavior American Association for the Advancement of Science AAAS Retrieved August 23 2015 Gardner Bill January 6 2020 Three people treated for binge watching addiction to TV in first cases of their kind in Britain The Telegraph ISSN 0307 1235 Retrieved January 25 2020 Sweet Anne 2017 Dependence in on TV series II Series et dependance Dependance aux series II InMedia 6 a b Pittman and Steiner 2019 Transportation or Narrative Completion Attentiveness during Binge Watching Moderates Regret Social Sciences 8 3 99 doi 10 3390 socsci8030099 Steiner Emil Binge Watching Motivates Change Convergence doi 10 1177 1354856517750365 S2CID 148575983 Baker Brandon Infrequently Asked Questions Why do we binge watch Philly Voice Retrieved July 26 2016 Most Young Adults Have an Appetite for Binge Watching Shows Morning Consult November 6 2018 Retrieved February 29 2020 Jenner Mareike 2021 Binge Watching and Contemporary Television Research Edinburgh University Press ISBN 978 1 4744 6200 6 OCLC 1295276155 The Dangers of Binge Watching A Funny Short That Relates Binge Watching TV Shows to Binge Drinking Alcohol Laughing Squid a b c Kendall Tina September 1 2021 From Binge Watching to Binge Scrolling Film Quarterly 75 1 41 46 doi 10 1525 fq 2021 75 1 41 ISSN 0015 1386 S2CID 239718413 Retrieved March 19 2022 Pittman and Steiner 2021 Distinguishing feast watching from cringe watching Planned social and attentive binge watching predicts increased well being and decreased regret Convergence 27 5 1507 1524 doi 10 1177 1354856521999183 S2CID 233621173 Retrieved March 22 2021 Pierce Grove Ri May 2 2020 Binge watching can soothe the coronavirus quarantine blues and no need for guilt USA Today Retrieved May 2 2020 Press Joy May 14 2021 One Episode at a Time Please Is a Binge Backlash Brewing Vanity Fair Jenner Mareike 2018 Netflix and the Re invention of Television Springer International Publishing pp 127 133 doi 10 1007 978 3 319 94316 9 ISBN 978 3 319 94315 2 Retrieved March 19 2022 Wark McKenzie February 1 2007 Gamer Theory Harvard University Press p 171 doi 10 4159 9780674044838 008 ISBN 9780674044838 Retrieved March 19 2022 Sigre Leiros Vera Billieux Joel Mohr Christine Maurage Pierre King Daniel L Schimmenti Adriano Flayelle Maeva February 24 2022 Binge watching in times of COVID 19 A longitudinal examination of changes in affect and TV series consumption patterns during lockdown PDF Psychology of Popular Media doi 10 1037 ppm0000390 ISSN 2689 6575 S2CID 247112921 Sigre Leiros Vera Billieux Joel Mohr Christine Maurage Pierre King Daniel L Schimmenti Adriano Flayelle Maeva February 24 2022 Binge watching in times of COVID 19 A longitudinal examination of changes in affect and TV series consumption patterns during lockdown PDF Psychology of Popular Media doi 10 1037 ppm0000390 ISSN 2689 6575 S2CID 247112921 a b c Exelmans L Van den Bulck J 2017 Binge viewing sleep and the role of pre sleep arousal J Clin Sleep Med 13 8 1001 1008 doi 10 5664 jcsm 6704 ISSN 1550 9397 PMC 5529125 PMID 28728618 Binge watching television associated with poor sleep in young adults American Academy of Sleep Medicine August 14 2017 Retrieved June 20 2020 Starosta Jolanta A Izydorczyk Bernadetta June 2020 Understanding the Phenomenon of Binge Watching A Systematic Review International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17 12 4469 doi 10 3390 ijerph17124469 ISSN 1661 7827 PMC 7344932 PMID 32580289 a b c d e Starosta Jolanta A Izydorczyk Bernadetta January 2020 Understanding the Phenomenon of Binge Watching A Systematic Review International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17 12 4469 doi 10 3390 ijerph17124469 ISSN 1660 4601 PMC 7344932 PMID 32580289 Schweidel David A Moe Wendy W September 1 2016 Binge Watching and Advertising Journal of Marketing 80 5 1 19 doi 10 1509 jm 15 0258 ISSN 0022 2429 S2CID 168502732 Encouraging TV Binge Watching May Backfire On Advertisers NPR org Retrieved February 29 2020 Steinberg Brian December 12 2019 Hulu Hopes to Make Ads Part of Your Binge Session Variety Retrieved February 29 2020 Rainie Lee Cable and satellite TV use has dropped dramatically in the U S since 2015 Pew Research Center Retrieved April 13 2022 McClure Auden C Tanski Susanne E Gilbert Diamond Diane Adachi Mejia Anna M Li Zhigang Li Zhongze Sargent James D November 2013 Receptivity to Television Fast Food Restaurant Marketing and Obesity Among U S Youth American Journal of Preventive Medicine 45 5 560 568 doi 10 1016 j amepre 2013 06 011 ISSN 0749 3797 PMC 3934414 PMID 24139768 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Binge watching amp oldid 1131308127, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

article

, read, download, free, free download, mp3, video, mp4, 3gp, jpg, jpeg, gif, png, picture, music, song, movie, book, game, games.