Bihari Lal Chaube or Bihārī (1595–1663)[1] was a Hindi poet, who is famous for writing the Satasaī (Seven Hundred Verses) in Brajbhasha, a collection of approximately seven hundred distichs, which is perhaps the most celebrated Hindi work of poetic art, as distinguished from narrative and simpler styles.[2] Today it is considered the most well known book of the Ritikavya Kaal or 'Riti Kaal'(an era in which poets wrote poems for kings) [3] of Hindi literature.[4]
The language is the form of Hindi called Brajbhasha, spoken in the country about Mathura, where the poet lived. The couplets are inspired by the Krishna side of Vishnu-worship, and the majority of them take the shape of amorous utterances of Radha, the chief of the Gopis or cowherd maidens of Braj, and her divine lover, the son of Vasudeva. Each couplet is independent and complete in itself. The distichs, in their collected form, are arranged, not in any sequence of narrative or dialogue, but according to the technical classification of the sentiments which they convey as set forth in the treatises on Indian rhetoric.[2]
The Poet Bihārī Offers Homage to Radha and Krishna
Bihari was born in Gwalior in 1595, and spent his boyhood in Orchha in the Bundelkhand region, where his father, Keshav Rai lived. After marriage he settled with in-law's in Mathura. His father was Keshav Rai.[2]
Early in his life, he studied ancient Sanskrit texts. In Orchha state, he met the famous poet keshavdas from whom he took lessons in poetry. Later, when he had shifted to Mathura, he got an opportunity to present his in court of visiting Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan, who immediately got impressed by his work and invited him to stay in Agra.
Once at Agra, he learnt Persian language and came into contact with Rahim, another famous poet. It was also at Agra that Raja Jai Singh I (ruled. 1611–1667), of Amber, near Jaipur, happened to hear him, and invited him over to Jaipur, and it was here that he composed his greatest work, Satasai.[1] After the death of his wife Bihari followed the path of Bhakti & Vairagya. He left the court & went to Vrindavan, where he died in the year 1663.
One of the famous Dohas (couplet) written by Bihārī is:
Satsaiya ke dohre jyun navak ke teer Dekhan men chote lage ghaav kare gambhir.
The couplets of (Bihari's) Satsai are like the arrows of a hunter, they look small but cut deep.
Though Bihari 'Satasai' is only known work of Bihari, an estimation in which the work is held may be measured by the number of commentators who have devoted themselves to its elucidation, of whom Dr G. A. Grierson mentions seventeen. The collection has also twice been translated into Sanskrit.
The best-known commentary is that of Lallu Lal, entitled the Lala-chandrika. The author was employed by Dr. John Gilchrist in the College of Fort William, where he finished his commentary in 1818. A critical edition of it has been published by Dr G. A. Grierson (Calcutta, Government of India Press, 1896).
Humour in the Satsai of Biharilal, Snell, Rupert (1999). In: Of Clowns and Gods Brahmans and Babus: Humour in South Asian Literatures. Manohar (Delhi), pp. 63–79.[4]
Kangra Paintings of the Bihari Sat Sai by M. S. Randhawa. Journal of the American Oriental Society, Vol. 90, No. 4 (Oct. - Dec., 1970), pp. 591–592. [5]
Referencesedit
^ abKangra Paintings of the Bihari Sat Sai National Museum, New Delhi, 1966.
Bihari at Kavita Kosh Archived 13 January 2013 at archive.today(Hindi)
January 01, 1970
bihari, bengali, poet, biharilal, chakraborty, chaube, bihārī, 1595, 1663, hindi, poet, famous, writing, satasaī, seven, hundred, verses, brajbhasha, collection, approximately, seven, hundred, distichs, which, perhaps, most, celebrated, hindi, work, poetic, di. For the Bengali poet see Biharilal Chakraborty Bihari Lal Chaube or Bihari 1595 1663 1 was a Hindi poet who is famous for writing the Satasai Seven Hundred Verses in Brajbhasha a collection of approximately seven hundred distichs which is perhaps the most celebrated Hindi work of poetic art as distinguished from narrative and simpler styles 2 Today it is considered the most well known book of the Ritikavya Kaal or Riti Kaal an era in which poets wrote poems for kings 3 of Hindi literature 4 Bihari Lal ChaubeBorn1595Gwalior Madhya Pradesh IndiaDied1663Vrindavan Uttar Pradesh IndiaOccupationPoetPeriodRiti KaalLiterary movementRitikaal The language is the form of Hindi called Brajbhasha spoken in the country about Mathura where the poet lived The couplets are inspired by the Krishna side of Vishnu worship and the majority of them take the shape of amorous utterances of Radha the chief of the Gopis or cowherd maidens of Braj and her divine lover the son of Vasudeva Each couplet is independent and complete in itself The distichs in their collected form are arranged not in any sequence of narrative or dialogue but according to the technical classification of the sentiments which they convey as set forth in the treatises on Indian rhetoric 2 Contents 1 Biography 1 1 Early life and education 2 Significance of Bihari s work 3 Bibliography 4 Further reading 5 References 6 External linksBiography editEarly life and education edit nbsp The Poet Bihari Offers Homage to Radha and Krishna Bihari was born in Gwalior in 1595 and spent his boyhood in Orchha in the Bundelkhand region where his father Keshav Rai lived After marriage he settled with in law s in Mathura His father was Keshav Rai 2 Early in his life he studied ancient Sanskrit texts In Orchha state he met the famous poet keshavdas from whom he took lessons in poetry Later when he had shifted to Mathura he got an opportunity to present his in court of visiting Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan who immediately got impressed by his work and invited him to stay in Agra Once at Agra he learnt Persian language and came into contact with Rahim another famous poet It was also at Agra that Raja Jai Singh I ruled 1611 1667 of Amber near Jaipur happened to hear him and invited him over to Jaipur and it was here that he composed his greatest work Satasai 1 After the death of his wife Bihari followed the path of Bhakti amp Vairagya He left the court amp went to Vrindavan where he died in the year 1663 Significance of Bihari s work editMain article Satasai One of the famous Dohas couplet written by Bihari is Satsaiya ke dohre jyun navak ke teer Dekhan men chote lage ghaav kare gambhir The couplets of Bihari s Satsai are like the arrows of a hunter they look small but cut deep Though Bihari Satasai is only known work of Bihari an estimation in which the work is held may be measured by the number of commentators who have devoted themselves to its elucidation of whom Dr G A Grierson mentions seventeen The collection has also twice been translated into Sanskrit The best known commentary is that of Lallu Lal entitled the Lala chandrika The author was employed by Dr John Gilchrist in the College of Fort William where he finished his commentary in 1818 A critical edition of it has been published by Dr G A Grierson Calcutta Government of India Press 1896 Bibliography editThe Satasai English Translation Penguin Books 1992 ISBN 0 14 044576 5 Bihari Satsai Hindi and English Translation Dr Shyamsunder Dube Publications Division 1 The Veiled moon English translations of Bihari satsai Amar Nath Jha Girija Kumara Mathura New Delhi Indian Council for Cultural Relations 1973 2 Further reading editBihari Satsai Aalochana evam Vyakhaya Hindi Nemichand Jain Delhi 2009 3 Humour in the Satsai of Biharilal Snell Rupert 1999 In Of Clowns and Gods Brahmans and Babus Humour in South Asian Literatures Manohar Delhi pp 63 79 4 Kangra Paintings of the Bihari Sat Sai by M S Randhawa Journal of the American Oriental Society Vol 90 No 4 Oct Dec 1970 pp 591 592 5 References edit a b Kangra Paintings of the Bihari Sat Sai National Museum New Delhi 1966 a b c nbsp One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain Lyall Charles James 1911 Bihari Lal In Chisholm Hugh ed Encyclopaedia Britannica Vol 3 11th ed Cambridge University Press p 927 RitiKavya Kaal Google notebook Hindi literature External links editBihari at Kavita Kosh Archived 13 January 2013 at archive today Hindi THE SENTIMENTS OF LOVE A Selection of Indian Miniatures from the Collection of the National Museum of Ethnology Leiden I Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Bihari Lal amp oldid 1190497706, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
