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Beskids

January 04, 2023

The Beskids or Beskid Mountains (Polish: Beskidy, Czech: Beskydy, Slovak: Beskydy, Rusyn: Бескиды (Beskydŷ), Ukrainian: Бескиди (Beskydy)) are a series of mountain ranges in the Carpathians, stretching from the Czech Republic in the west along the border of Poland with Slovakia up to Ukraine in the east.[1]

Beskids
Eastern Beskids in Zakarpattia Oblast, Ukraine
Highest point
PeakHoverla
Elevation2,061 m (6,762 ft)
Coordinates48°09′36″N 24°30′01″E / 48.16000°N 24.50028°E / 48.16000; 24.50028Coordinates: 48°09′36″N 24°30′01″E / 48.16000°N 24.50028°E / 48.16000; 24.50028
Dimensions
Length600 km (370 mi)
Width70 km (43 mi)
Naming
Native name
Geography
CountriesPoland, Slovakia, Czech Republic and Ukraine
RegionsSilesia, Lesser Poland, Moravia and Carpathian Ruthenia
Parent rangeWestern and Eastern Carpathians
Borders onSudetes and Tatra Mountains

The highest mountain in the Beskids is Hoverla, at 2,061 m metres (6,762 ft).

Etymology

The origin of the name beskydy has not been conclusively established. A Thracian or Illyrian origin has been suggested,[citation needed] however, as yet, no theory has majority support among linguists. The word appears in numerous mountain names throughout the Carpathians and the adjacent Balkan regions, like in Albanian bjeshkë. According to linguists Çabej and Orel, it is possibly derived from Proto-Albanian "*beškāi tāi" (meaning the mountain pastures)[2][3].The Slovak name Beskydy refers to the Polish Bieszczady Mountains, which is not a synonym for the entire Beskids but one single range, belonging to the Eastern Beskids. According to another linguistic theory, it may be related to Middle Low German beshêt, beskēt, meaning watershed.[4]

Historically, the term was used for hundreds of years to describe the mountain range separating the old Kingdom of Hungary from the old Kingdom of Poland. In 1269, the Beskids were known by the Latin name "Beschad Alpes Poloniae" (translated as: Beskid Mountains of Poland).[5]

Definition

The Beskids are approximately 600 km in length and 50–70 km in width. They stand mainly along the southern border of Lesser Poland with northern Slovakia, stretching to the Moravia and Czech Silesia regions of the eastern Czech Republic and to Carpathian Ruthenia in western Ukraine. Parts form the European Watershed, separating the Oder and Vistula basins in the north from the Eastern Slovak Lowland, part of the Great Hungarian Plain drained by the Danube River.

Geologically all of the Beskids stand within the Outer Western Carpathians and the Outer Eastern Carpathians. In the west they begin at the natural pass of the Moravian Gate, which separates them from the Eastern Sudetes, continue east in a band to the north of the Tatra Mountains, and end in Ukraine. The eastern termination of the Beskids is disputed. According to older sources, the Beskids end at the source of the Tisza River, while newer sources state that the Beskids end at the Uzhok Pass at the Polish–Ukrainian border.

Subdivisions

 
Western section of Western Beskids, marked in red and labeled with E
 
Northern section of Western Beskids, marked in red and labeled with F
 
Eastern section of the Western Beskids, marked in red and labeled with H
 
Central section of the Western Beskids, marked in red and labeled with G

Multiple traditions, languages and nationalities have developed overlapping variants for the divisions and names of the Beskid ranges. According to the divisions of the Carpathians, they are categorized within:

Western Beskids

Central Beskids

 
Central Beskidian Piedmont, marked in red and labeled with A
 
Central Beskids, marked in red and labeled with B
  • Central Beskidian Piedmont, in Poland
    • Rożnów Piedmont (PL: Pogórze Rożnowskie)
    • Ciężkowice Piedmont (PL: Pogórze Ciężkowickie)
    • Strzyżów Piedmont (PL: Pogórze Strzyżowskie)
    • Dynów Piedmont (PL: Pogórze Dynowskie)
    • Przemyśl Piedmont (PL: Pogórze Przemyskie)
    • Gorlice Depression (PL: Obniżenie Gorlickie)
    • Jasło-Krosno Basin (PL: Kotlina Jasielsko-Krośnieńska)
    • Jasło Piedmont (PL: Pogórze Jasielskie)
    • Bukowsko Piedmont (PL: Pogórze Bukowskie)

Eastern Beskids

 
Eastern Beskids, marked in red and labelled with C

Eastern Beskids are divided into two parallel ridges: Wooded Beskids and Polonynian Beskids.

  • Wooded Beskids (PL: Beskidy Lesiste; UA: Лісисті Бескиди)
    • Bieszczady Mountains (PL: Bieszczady; UK: Бещади) → c1
    • Sanok-Turka Mountains (PL: Góry Sanocko-Turczańskie; UK: Верхньодністровські Бескиди) → c3
    • Skole Beskids (PL: Beskidy Skolskie; UA: Сколівські Бескиди) → c2
    • Gorgany (PL: Gorgany; UA: Ґорґани) → c4
    • Pokuttia-Bucovina Beskids (PL: Beskidy Pokucko-Bukowińskie; UA: Покутсько-Буковинські Карпати) → c5
  • Polonynian Beskids (PL: Beskidy Połonińskie; UA: Полонинські Бескиди)
    • Smooth Polonyna (UK: Полонина Рівна) → c6
    • Polonyna Borzhava (UK: Полонина Боржава) → c7
    • Polonyna Kuk (UK: Полонина Кук) → c8
    • Red Polonyna (UK: Полонина Красна)→ c9
    • Svydovets (UK: Свидівець) → c10
    • Chornohora (UK: Чорногора) → c11
    • Hrynyavy Mountains (UK: Гриняви) → c12

Infrastructure

The Beskids are currently rich in forest and coal. In the past they were rich in iron ore, with important plants in Ostrava and Třinec – Třinec Iron and Steel Works.

There are many tourist attractions, including historic wooden churches (see Wooden Churches of Southern Little Poland, Carpathian Wooden Churches of Slovakia, and Wooden Churches of Ukraine) and the increasingly popular skiing resorts.

A number of environmental groups support a small but growing population of bears, wolves and lynx in the ecosystem of the Beskidy mountains. The Central Beskids include the Polish Babia Góra National Park and the adjacent Slovak Horná Orava Protected Landscape Area.

Gallery

See also

Citations

  1. ^ Encyclopedia of Ukraine: Beskyds
  2. ^ Çabej, E. (1976). Studime Gjuhësore I, Studime Etimologjike në Fushë të Shqipes, A-O. Priština: Rilindja, page 68
  3. ^ Orel, Vladimir (1998). "Beskids". Albanian Etymological Dictionary. Leiden, Boston, Cologne: Brill. p. X. ISBN 9004110240.
  4. ^ Zbigniew Gołąb. The Origins of the Slavs: A Linguist's View. Slavica Publishers, Inc., 1992 p. 342. "The Germanic etymology of Bieszczad // Beskid was proposed by Prof. Jan Michał Rozwadowski (1914:162, etc.). He derives the variant beščad from Germc. biskaid, which is represented by MLG besche (beskêt) Trennung and by Scandinavian bêsked, borrowed from [...]"
  5. ^ Kazimierz Zarzycki, Zbigniew Głowaciński (1986): Bieszczady (p. 7)

General and cited sources

  • Földvary, Gábor Z. (1988). Geology of the Carpathian Region. Singapore: World Scientific Publishing Company.
  • Kondracki, Jerzy (1977). Regiony fizycznogeograficzne Polski. Warszawa: Wydawa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego.
  • Kondracki, Jerzy (1989). Problemy standaryzacji nazw geograficznych. Warszawa: Instytut Geografii i Przestrzennego Zagospodarowania PWN.
  • Kondracki, Jerzy (2000) [1998]. Geografia regionalna Polski (2. ed.). Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN. ISBN 9788301130503.
  • Świstuń, Filip. Galicyjskie Beskidy i Karpaty Lesiste: Zarys orograficzn. Rzeszow, 1876.
  • Tasenkevich, Lydia (2009). "Polonynas: Highlands Pastures in the Ukrainian Carpathians". Grasslands in Europe: Of High Nature Value. Zeist: KNNV Publishing. pp. 203–208. ISBN 9789004278103.

External links

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to The Beskids.
  • Encyclopedia of Ukraine: Western Beskyd
  • Encyclopedia of Ukraine: Low Beskyd
  • Encyclopedia of Ukraine: Middle Beskyd
  • Encyclopedia of Ukraine: High Beskyd
  • Encyclopedia of Ukraine: Polonynian Beskyd
  • Encyclopedia of Ukraine: Hutsul Beskyd
  • Carpathian Mountains: Division (map)

January 04, 2023
beskids, beskid, mountains, polish, beskidy, czech, beskydy, slovak, beskydy, rusyn, Бескиды, beskydŷ, ukrainian, Бескиди, beskydy, series, mountain, ranges, carpathians, stretching, from, czech, republic, west, along, border, poland, with, slovakia, ukraine, . The Beskids or Beskid Mountains Polish Beskidy Czech Beskydy Slovak Beskydy Rusyn Beskidy Beskydŷ Ukrainian Beskidi Beskydy are a series of mountain ranges in the Carpathians stretching from the Czech Republic in the west along the border of Poland with Slovakia up to Ukraine in the east 1 BeskidsEastern Beskids in Zakarpattia Oblast UkraineHighest pointPeakHoverlaElevation2 061 m 6 762 ft Coordinates48 09 36 N 24 30 01 E 48 16000 N 24 50028 E 48 16000 24 50028 Coordinates 48 09 36 N 24 30 01 E 48 16000 N 24 50028 E 48 16000 24 50028DimensionsLength600 km 370 mi Width70 km 43 mi NamingNative nameBeskidy Polish Beskydy Czech Beskydy Slovak GeographyCountriesPoland Slovakia Czech Republic and UkraineRegionsSilesia Lesser Poland Moravia and Carpathian RutheniaParent rangeWestern and Eastern CarpathiansBorders onSudetes and Tatra MountainsThe highest mountain in the Beskids is Hoverla at 2 061 m metres 6 762 ft Contents 1 Etymology 2 Definition 3 Subdivisions 3 1 Western Beskids 3 2 Central Beskids 3 3 Eastern Beskids 4 Infrastructure 5 Gallery 6 See also 7 Citations 8 General and cited sources 9 External linksEtymology EditThe origin of the name beskydy has not been conclusively established A Thracian or Illyrian origin has been suggested citation needed however as yet no theory has majority support among linguists The word appears in numerous mountain names throughout the Carpathians and the adjacent Balkan regions like in Albanian bjeshke According to linguists Cabej and Orel it is possibly derived from Proto Albanian beskai tai meaning the mountain pastures 2 3 The Slovak name Beskydy refers to the Polish Bieszczady Mountains which is not a synonym for the entire Beskids but one single range belonging to the Eastern Beskids According to another linguistic theory it may be related to Middle Low German beshet besket meaning watershed 4 Historically the term was used for hundreds of years to describe the mountain range separating the old Kingdom of Hungary from the old Kingdom of Poland In 1269 the Beskids were known by the Latin name Beschad Alpes Poloniae translated as Beskid Mountains of Poland 5 Definition EditThe Beskids are approximately 600 km in length and 50 70 km in width They stand mainly along the southern border of Lesser Poland with northern Slovakia stretching to the Moravia and Czech Silesia regions of the eastern Czech Republic and to Carpathian Ruthenia in western Ukraine Parts form the European Watershed separating the Oder and Vistula basins in the north from the Eastern Slovak Lowland part of the Great Hungarian Plain drained by the Danube River Geologically all of the Beskids stand within the Outer Western Carpathians and the Outer Eastern Carpathians In the west they begin at the natural pass of the Moravian Gate which separates them from the Eastern Sudetes continue east in a band to the north of the Tatra Mountains and end in Ukraine The eastern termination of the Beskids is disputed According to older sources the Beskids end at the source of the Tisza River while newer sources state that the Beskids end at the Uzhok Pass at the Polish Ukrainian border Subdivisions Edit Western section of Western Beskids marked in red and labeled with E Northern section of Western Beskids marked in red and labeled with F Eastern section of the Western Beskids marked in red and labeled with H Central section of the Western Beskids marked in red and labeled with G Multiple traditions languages and nationalities have developed overlapping variants for the divisions and names of the Beskid ranges According to the divisions of the Carpathians they are categorized within Western Beskids Edit Western Beskids PL Beskidy Zachodnie SK Zapadne Beskydy CZ Zapadni Beskydy Western section of the Western Beskids Hostyn Vsetin Mountains Czech Hostynsko vsetinska hornatina e1 Moravian Silesian Beskids Czech Moravskoslezske Beskydy Slovak Moravsko sliezske Beskydy e2 Turzovka Highlands Slovak Turzovska vrchovina e3 Jablunkov Furrow Czech Jablunkovska brazda e4 Roznov Furrow Czech Roznovska brazda e5 Jablunkov Intermontane Slovak Jablunkovske medzihorie Czech Jablunkovske mezihori e6 Silesian Beskids Polish Beskid Slaski Czech Slezske Beskydy e7 Zywiec Basin Polish Kotlina Zywiecka e8 Northern section of the Western Beskids Little Beskids Polish Beskid Maly f1 Makow Beskids Polish Beskid Makowski f2 Island Beskids Polish Beskid Wyspowy f3 Gorce Mountains Polish Gorce f4 Rabka Basin Polish Kotlina Rabczanska f5 Sacz Basin Polish Kotlina Sadecka f6 Central section of the Western Beskids Orava Beskids SK Oravske Beskydy Zywiec Beskids PL Beskid Zywiecki the older SK equivalent of Beskid Zywiecki is Slovenske Beskydy Slovak Beskids or Kysucko oravske Beskydy Kysuce Orava Beskids g1 Kysuce Beskids SK Kysucke Beskydy Zywiec Beskids PL Beskid Zywiecki the older SK equivalent of Beskid Zywiecki is Slovenske Beskydy or Kysucko oravske Beskydy g2 Orava Magura SK Oravska Magura g3 Orava Highlands SK Oravska vrchovina g4 Sub Beskidian Furrow SK Podbeskydska brazda g5 Sub Beskidian Highlands SK Podbeskydska vrchovina g6 Eastern section of the Western Beskids Beskid Sadecki Polish Beskid Sadecki h1 Cergov Polish Gory Czerchowskie Slovak Cergov h2 Pieniny Polish Pieniny Slovak Pieniny h3 West Beskidian Foothills in the Czech Republic and Poland Silesian Moravian Foothills CZ Podbeskydska pahorkatina PL Pogorze Slasko Morawskie d1 Silesian Foothills PL Pogorze Slaskie d2 Wieliczka Foothills PL Pogorze Wielickie d3 Wisnicz Foothills PL Pogorze Wisnickie d4Central Beskids Edit Central Beskidian Piedmont marked in red and labeled with A Central Beskids marked in red and labeled with B Central Beskids PL Beskidy Srodkowe or Low Beskids SK Nizke Beskydy Busov in Slovakia Ondava Highlands SK Ondavska vrchovina Low Beskid PL Beskid Niski Laborec Highlands SK Laborecka vrchovina Beskidian Southern Foothills SK Beskydske predhorie Central Beskidian Piedmont in Poland Roznow Piedmont PL Pogorze Roznowskie Ciezkowice Piedmont PL Pogorze Ciezkowickie Strzyzow Piedmont PL Pogorze Strzyzowskie Dynow Piedmont PL Pogorze Dynowskie Przemysl Piedmont PL Pogorze Przemyskie Gorlice Depression PL Obnizenie Gorlickie Jaslo Krosno Basin PL Kotlina Jasielsko Krosnienska Jaslo Piedmont PL Pogorze Jasielskie Bukowsko Piedmont PL Pogorze Bukowskie Eastern Beskids Edit Eastern Beskids marked in red and labelled with C Eastern Beskids are divided into two parallel ridges Wooded Beskids and Polonynian Beskids Wooded Beskids PL Beskidy Lesiste UA Lisisti Beskidi Bieszczady Mountains PL Bieszczady UK Beshadi c1 Sanok Turka Mountains PL Gory Sanocko Turczanskie UK Verhnodnistrovski Beskidi c3 Skole Beskids PL Beskidy Skolskie UA Skolivski Beskidi c2 Gorgany PL Gorgany UA Gorgani c4 Pokuttia Bucovina Beskids PL Beskidy Pokucko Bukowinskie UA Pokutsko Bukovinski Karpati c5 Polonynian Beskids PL Beskidy Poloninskie UA Poloninski Beskidi Smooth Polonyna UK Polonina Rivna c6 Polonyna Borzhava UK Polonina Borzhava c7 Polonyna Kuk UK Polonina Kuk c8 Red Polonyna UK Polonina Krasna c9 Svydovets UK Svidivec c10 Chornohora UK Chornogora c11 Hrynyavy Mountains UK Grinyavi c12Infrastructure EditThe Beskids are currently rich in forest and coal In the past they were rich in iron ore with important plants in Ostrava and Trinec Trinec Iron and Steel Works There are many tourist attractions including historic wooden churches see Wooden Churches of Southern Little Poland Carpathian Wooden Churches of Slovakia and Wooden Churches of Ukraine and the increasingly popular skiing resorts A number of environmental groups support a small but growing population of bears wolves and lynx in the ecosystem of the Beskidy mountains The Central Beskids include the Polish Babia Gora National Park and the adjacent Slovak Horna Orava Protected Landscape Area Gallery Edit Map of the Beskid ranges in Slovakia and Poland Czantoria Silesian Beskids Western Bieszczady Western Bieszczady Statue of Radegast on a Czech Beskids Wooden church in Kwiaton Wooden church in Hrabova Moravia 14th century 1564 Shepherds in Silesian Beskids Island BeskidsSee also EditDivisions of the Carpathians Polish Uplanders Polonyna montane meadow Ukrainian Carpathians Wooded CarpathiansCitations Edit Encyclopedia of Ukraine Beskyds Cabej E 1976 Studime Gjuhesore I Studime Etimologjike ne Fushe te Shqipes A O Pristina Rilindja page 68 Orel Vladimir 1998 Beskids Albanian Etymological Dictionary Leiden Boston Cologne Brill p X ISBN 9004110240 Zbigniew Golab The Origins of the Slavs A Linguist s View Slavica Publishers Inc 1992 p 342 The Germanic etymology of Bieszczad Beskid was proposed by Prof Jan Michal Rozwadowski 1914 162 etc He derives the variant bescad from Germc biskaid which is represented by MLG besche besket Trennung and by Scandinavian besked borrowed from Kazimierz Zarzycki Zbigniew Glowacinski 1986 Bieszczady p 7 General and cited sources EditFoldvary Gabor Z 1988 Geology of the Carpathian Region Singapore World Scientific Publishing Company Kondracki Jerzy 1977 Regiony fizycznogeograficzne Polski Warszawa Wydawa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego Kondracki Jerzy 1989 Problemy standaryzacji nazw geograficznych Warszawa Instytut Geografii i Przestrzennego Zagospodarowania PWN Kondracki Jerzy 2000 1998 Geografia regionalna Polski 2 ed Warszawa Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN ISBN 9788301130503 Swistun Filip Galicyjskie Beskidy i Karpaty Lesiste Zarys orograficzn Rzeszow 1876 Tasenkevich Lydia 2009 Polonynas Highlands Pastures in the Ukrainian Carpathians Grasslands in Europe Of High Nature Value Zeist KNNV Publishing pp 203 208 ISBN 9789004278103 External links Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to The Beskids Encyclopedia of Ukraine Western Beskyd Encyclopedia of Ukraine Low Beskyd Encyclopedia of Ukraine Middle Beskyd Encyclopedia of Ukraine High Beskyd Encyclopedia of Ukraine Polonynian Beskyd Encyclopedia of Ukraine Hutsul Beskyd Carpathian Mountains Division map Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Beskids amp oldid 1119673477, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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