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Wikipedia

Beryllium chloride

December 20, 2023

Beryllium chloride is an inorganic compound with the formula BeCl2. It is a colourless, hygroscopic solid that dissolves well in many polar solvents. Its properties are similar to those of aluminium chloride, due to beryllium's diagonal relationship with aluminium.

Beryllium chloride
Names
IUPAC name
Beryllium chloride
Identifiers
  • 7787-47-5 Y
3D model (JSmol)
  • ionic depiction: Interactive image
  • covalent monomer: Interactive image
  • polymer: Interactive image
ChemSpider
  • 22991 Y
ECHA InfoCard 100.029.197
  • 24588
RTECS number
  • DS2625000
UNII
  • 58B7024067 Y
  • DTXSID10858756
  • InChI=1S/Be.2ClH/h;2*1H/q+2;;/p-2 Y
    Key: LWBPNIJBHRISSS-UHFFFAOYSA-L Y
  • InChI=1/Be.2ClH/h;2*1H/q+2;;/p-2
    Key: LWBPNIJBHRISSS-NUQVWONBAX
  • ionic depiction: [Be+2].[Cl-].[Cl-]
  • covalent monomer: Cl[Be]Cl
  • polymer: Cl[Be-2](Cl)([Cl+]1)[Cl+][Be-2]1([Cl+]1)[Cl+][Be-2]1([Cl+]1)[Cl+][Be-2]1([Cl+]1)[Cl+][Be-2]1([Cl+]1)[Cl+][Be-2]1([Cl+]1)[Cl+][Be-2]1([Cl+]1)[Cl+][Be-2]1([Cl+]1)[Cl+][Be-2]1([Cl+]1)[Cl+][Be-2]1([Cl+]1)[Cl+][Be-2]1([Cl+]1)[Cl+][Be-2]1([Cl+]1)[Cl+][Be-2]1(Cl)Cl
Properties
BeCl2
Molar mass 79.9182 g/mol
Appearance White or yellow crystals
Density 1.899 g/cm3, solid
Melting point 399 °C (750 °F; 672 K)
Boiling point 482 °C (900 °F; 755 K)
15.1 g/100 mL (20 °C)
Solubility soluble in alcohol, ether, benzene, and pyridine
slightly soluble in chloroform and sulfur dioxide
Structure
hexagonal
polymer
Thermochemistry
7.808 J/K or 71.1 J/mol K
63 J/mol K
−6.136 kJ/g or -494 kJ/mol
-468 kJ/mol
16 kJ/mol
Hazards
Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC):
86 mg/kg (rat, oral)
NIOSH (US health exposure limits):
PEL (Permissible)
 TWA 0.002 mg/m3
C 0.005 mg/m3 (30 minutes), with a maximum peak of 0.025 mg/m3 (as Be)[1]
REL (Recommended)
 Ca C 0.0005 mg/m3 (as Be)[1]
IDLH (Immediate danger)
 Ca [4 mg/m3 (as Be)][1]
Related compounds
Other anions
 Beryllium fluoride
Beryllium bromide
Beryllium iodide
Other cations
 Magnesium chloride
Calcium chloride
Strontium chloride
Barium chloride
Radium chloride
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
N verify (what is YN ?)

Structure and synthesis edit

Beryllium chloride is prepared by reaction of the metal with chlorine at high temperatures:[2]

Be + Cl2 → BeCl2

BeCl2 can also be prepared by carbothermal reduction of beryllium oxide in the presence of chlorine.[3] BeCl2 can be prepared by treating beryllium with hydrogen chloride.

Two forms (polymorphs) of BeCl2 are known. Both structures consist tetrahedral Be2+ centers interconnected by doubly bridging chloride ligands. One form consist of edge-sharing polytetrahedra. The other form resembles zinc iodide with interconnected adamantane-like cages.[4] In contrast, BeF2 is a 3-dimensional polymer, with a structure akin to that of quartz.

In the gas phase, BeCl2 exists both as a linear monomer and a bridged dimer with two bridging chlorine atoms where the beryllium atom is 3-coordinate.[5] The linear shape of the monomeric form is as predicted by VSEPR theory. The linear shape contrasts with the monomeric forms of some of the dihalides of the heavier members of group 2, e.g. CaF2, SrF2, BaF2, SrCl2, BaCl2, BaBr2, and BaI2, which are all non-linear.[5] Beryllium chloride dissolves to give tetrahedral [Be(OH2)4]2+ ion in aqueous solutions as confirmed by vibrational spectroscopy.[6]

Reactions edit

Beryllium chloride forms a tetrahydrate, BeCl2•4H2O ([Be(H2O)4]Cl2). BeCl2 is also soluble in some ethers.[7][8]

Applications edit

Beryllium chloride is used as a raw material for the electrolysis of beryllium, and as a catalyst for Friedel-Crafts reactions.

References edit

  1. ^ a b c NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. "#0054". National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).
  2. ^ Irving R. Tannenbaum "Beryllium Chloride" Inorganic Syntheses, 1957, vol. 5, p. 22. doi:10.1002/9780470132364.ch7
  3. ^ Cotton, F. A.; Wilkinson, G. (1980) Advanced Inorganic Chemistry John Wiley and Sons, Inc: New York, ISBN 0-471-02775-8.
  4. ^ Troyanov, S.I. (2000). "Crystal Modifications of Beryllium Dihalides BeCl2, BeBr2 and BeI2". Zhurnal Neorganicheskoi Khimii. 45: 1619-1624.
  5. ^ a b Greenwood, Norman N.; Earnshaw, Alan (1997). Chemistry of the Elements (2nd ed.). Butterworth-Heinemann. ISBN 978-0-08-037941-8.
  6. ^ Rudolph, Wolfram W.; Fischer, Dieter; Irmer, Gert; Pye, Cory C. (2009). "Hydration of Beryllium(II) in Aqueous Solutions of Common Inorganic Salts. A Combined Vibrational Spectroscopic and ab initio Molecular Orbital Study". Dalton Transactions (33): 6513–6527. doi:10.1039/B902481F. PMID 19672497.
  7. ^ Lide, David R., ed. (2006). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (87th ed.). Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. ISBN 0-8493-0487-3.
  8. ^ Holleman, A. F.; Wiberg, E. (2001) Inorganic Chemistry Academic Press: San Diego, ISBN 0-12-352651-5

External links edit

  • Properties of BeCl2 from NIST

December 20, 2023
beryllium, chloride, inorganic, compound, with, formula, becl2, colourless, hygroscopic, solid, that, dissolves, well, many, polar, solvents, properties, similar, those, aluminium, chloride, beryllium, diagonal, relationship, with, aluminium, namesiupac, name,. Beryllium chloride is an inorganic compound with the formula BeCl2 It is a colourless hygroscopic solid that dissolves well in many polar solvents Its properties are similar to those of aluminium chloride due to beryllium s diagonal relationship with aluminium Beryllium chloride NamesIUPAC name Beryllium chlorideIdentifiersCAS Number 7787 47 5 Y3D model JSmol ionic depiction Interactive imagecovalent monomer Interactive imagepolymer Interactive imageChemSpider 22991 YECHA InfoCard 100 029 197PubChem CID 24588RTECS number DS2625000UNII 58B7024067 YCompTox Dashboard EPA DTXSID10858756InChI InChI 1S Be 2ClH h 2 1H q 2 p 2 YKey LWBPNIJBHRISSS UHFFFAOYSA L YInChI 1 Be 2ClH h 2 1H q 2 p 2Key LWBPNIJBHRISSS NUQVWONBAXSMILES ionic depiction Be 2 Cl Cl covalent monomer Cl Be Clpolymer Cl Be 2 Cl Cl 1 Cl Be 2 1 Cl 1 Cl Be 2 1 Cl 1 Cl Be 2 1 Cl 1 Cl Be 2 1 Cl 1 Cl Be 2 1 Cl 1 Cl Be 2 1 Cl 1 Cl Be 2 1 Cl 1 Cl Be 2 1 Cl 1 Cl Be 2 1 Cl 1 Cl Be 2 1 Cl 1 Cl Be 2 1 Cl 1 Cl Be 2 1 Cl ClPropertiesChemical formula BeCl2Molar mass 79 9182 g molAppearance White or yellow crystalsDensity 1 899 g cm3 solidMelting point 399 C 750 F 672 K Boiling point 482 C 900 F 755 K Solubility in water 15 1 g 100 mL 20 C Solubility soluble in alcohol ether benzene and pyridine slightly soluble in chloroform and sulfur dioxideStructureCrystal structure hexagonalMolecular shape polymerThermochemistryHeat capacity C 7 808 J K or 71 1 J mol KStd molarentropy S 298 63 J mol KStd enthalpy offormation DfH 298 6 136 kJ g or 494 kJ molGibbs free energy DfG 468 kJ molStd enthalpy ofcombustion DcH 298 16 kJ molHazardsLethal dose or concentration LD LC LD50 median dose 86 mg kg rat oral NIOSH US health exposure limits PEL Permissible TWA 0 002 mg m3C 0 005 mg m3 30 minutes with a maximum peak of 0 025 mg m3 as Be 1 REL Recommended Ca C 0 0005 mg m3 as Be 1 IDLH Immediate danger Ca 4 mg m3 as Be 1 Related compoundsOther anions Beryllium fluorideBeryllium bromideBeryllium iodideOther cations Magnesium chlorideCalcium chlorideStrontium chlorideBarium chlorideRadium chlorideExcept where otherwise noted data are given for materials in their standard state at 25 C 77 F 100 kPa N verify what is Y N Infobox references Contents 1 Structure and synthesis 2 Reactions 3 Applications 4 References 5 External linksStructure and synthesis editBeryllium chloride is prepared by reaction of the metal with chlorine at high temperatures 2 Be Cl2 BeCl2BeCl2 can also be prepared by carbothermal reduction of beryllium oxide in the presence of chlorine 3 BeCl2 can be prepared by treating beryllium with hydrogen chloride Two forms polymorphs of BeCl2 are known Both structures consist tetrahedral Be2 centers interconnected by doubly bridging chloride ligands One form consist of edge sharing polytetrahedra The other form resembles zinc iodide with interconnected adamantane like cages 4 In contrast BeF2 is a 3 dimensional polymer with a structure akin to that of quartz In the gas phase BeCl2 exists both as a linear monomer and a bridged dimer with two bridging chlorine atoms where the beryllium atom is 3 coordinate 5 The linear shape of the monomeric form is as predicted by VSEPR theory The linear shape contrasts with the monomeric forms of some of the dihalides of the heavier members of group 2 e g CaF2 SrF2 BaF2 SrCl2 BaCl2 BaBr2 and BaI2 which are all non linear 5 Beryllium chloride dissolves to give tetrahedral Be OH2 4 2 ion in aqueous solutions as confirmed by vibrational spectroscopy 6 Reactions editBeryllium chloride forms a tetrahydrate BeCl2 4H2O Be H2O 4 Cl2 BeCl2 is also soluble in some ethers 7 8 Applications editBeryllium chloride is used as a raw material for the electrolysis of beryllium and as a catalyst for Friedel Crafts reactions References edit a b c NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards 0054 National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health NIOSH Irving R Tannenbaum Beryllium Chloride Inorganic Syntheses 1957 vol 5 p 22 doi 10 1002 9780470132364 ch7 Cotton F A Wilkinson G 1980 Advanced Inorganic Chemistry John Wiley and Sons Inc New York ISBN 0 471 02775 8 Troyanov S I 2000 Crystal Modifications of Beryllium Dihalides BeCl2 BeBr2 and BeI2 Zhurnal Neorganicheskoi Khimii 45 1619 1624 a b Greenwood Norman N Earnshaw Alan 1997 Chemistry of the Elements 2nd ed Butterworth Heinemann ISBN 978 0 08 037941 8 Rudolph Wolfram W Fischer Dieter Irmer Gert Pye Cory C 2009 Hydration of Beryllium II in Aqueous Solutions of Common Inorganic Salts A Combined Vibrational Spectroscopic and ab initio Molecular Orbital Study Dalton Transactions 33 6513 6527 doi 10 1039 B902481F PMID 19672497 Lide David R ed 2006 CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics 87th ed Boca Raton FL CRC Press ISBN 0 8493 0487 3 Holleman A F Wiberg E 2001 Inorganic Chemistry Academic Press San Diego ISBN 0 12 352651 5External links editProperties of BeCl2 from NIST Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Beryllium chloride amp oldid 1138048278, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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