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Bellardia trixago

January 01, 1970

Bellardia trixago is a species of flowering plant in the family Orobanchaceae (it has been formerly classified in the family Scrophulariaceae). The only member of the monotypic genus Bellardia, it is known as trixago bartsia[1] or Mediterranean lineseed.[2] This plant is native to the Mediterranean Basin, but it is known in other places with similar climates, such as California and parts of Chile, where it is an introduced species and noxious weed.

Bellardia trixago
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Lamiales
Family: Orobanchaceae
Tribe: Rhinantheae
Genus: Bellardia
All.
Species:
B. trixago
Binomial name
Bellardia trixago
Synonyms
  • Bartsia trixago (L.) All.
  • Trixago apula Stev

Etymology edit

The genus name Bellardia is a taxonomic patronym in honor of Carlo Antonio Lodovico Bellardi (1741-1826), an Italian botanist from Piedmont.[3]

The species name trixago has two possible etymologies.

  • It derives from the ancient Greek word θρίξ (thríx), meaning "hair",[4][5] and the Latin suffix ago used to indicate a property, and refers to the glandular-hairy characteristic of the plant.[6][7]
  • It derives from the ancient Greek word τριξός, τρισσός, or τριττός (trixós, trissós, or trittós), meaning "triple",[4][5] and refers to the trilobate lower lip of the flower.[8] It is also the old Latin name of germanders (genus Teucrium).[7]

Description edit

This is an erect plant often reaching over half a meter in height. Its foliage is rich green and dotted with glands and hairs. The sawtoothed leaves extend about halfway up the plant, with the upper half of the stem being occupied with a stout inflorescence which narrows to a point. The inflorescence has rows of leaflike bracts, between which emerge showy purple and white lipped, hooded flowers, each over two centimeters wide. The fruit is a smooth, green capsule. Mediterranean lineseed, like other broomrapes, is parasitic; this species is hemiparasitic in that it is green and photosynthetic but also taps into the roots of other plants to extract nutrients.

Phylogeny edit

The phylogeny of the genera of Rhinantheae has been explored using molecular characters.[9][10] Bellardia belongs to the core Rhinantheae. Bellardia is closely related to Parentucellia, to some Bartsia taxa, and to Odontites.[10][11] In turn, these genera share phylogenetic affinities with Tozzia and Hedbergia, and then with Euphrasia and Bartsia.

Genus-level cladogram of tribe Rhinantheae.
  Rhinantheae  
         

  Melampyrum  

         

  Rhynchocorys  

         

  Lathraea

  Rhinanthus

  Core Rhinantheae  
         

  Bartsia sensu stricto (Bartsia alpina)

         

  Euphrasia

         

  Hedbergia
  (including Bartsia decurva + B. longiflora)

  Tozzia

  Odontites sensu lato
  (including Bartsiella
  and Bornmuellerantha)

         

  Bellardia

         

  Neobartsia
(New World Bartsia)

  Parentucellia

The cladogram has been reconstructed from nuclear and plastid DNA molecular characters (ITS, rps16 intron and trnK region).[9][10]

References edit

  1. ^ (xls). Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland. Archived from the original (xls) on 2015-06-26. Retrieved 2014-10-17.
  2. ^ USDA, NRCS (n.d.). "Bellardia trixago". The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov). Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team. Retrieved 9 January 2016.
  3. ^ Rameau, Jean-Claude; Mansion, Dominique; Dumé, G. (2008). Flore forestière française: guide écologique illustré. Région méditerranéenne (in French). Forêt privée française. p. 1261. ISBN 978-2-904740-93-0.
  4. ^ a b Bailly, Anatole (1981-01-01). Abrégé du dictionnaire grec français. Paris: Hachette. ISBN 978-2010035289. OCLC 461974285.
  5. ^ a b Bailly, Anatole. "Greek-french dictionary online". www.tabularium.be. Retrieved May 2, 2020.
  6. ^ "Page T". www.calflora.net. Retrieved 2020-05-02.
  7. ^ a b "Bartsia". Plante Méditerranéenne (in French). Retrieved 2020-05-02.
  8. ^ Gentil, Ambroise (1923). Dictionnaire étymologique de la flore française (PDF). Paris: Paul Lechevalier. p. 229.
  9. ^ a b Těšitel, Jakub; Říha, Pavel; Svobodová, Šárka; Malinová, Tamara; Štech, Milan (2010-10-28). "Phylogeny, Life History Evolution and Biogeography of the Rhinanthoid Orobanchaceae". Folia Geobotanica. 45 (4): 347–367. doi:10.1007/s12224-010-9089-y. ISSN 1211-9520. S2CID 39873516.
  10. ^ a b c Scheunert, Agnes; Fleischmann, Andreas; Olano-Marín, Catalina; Bräuchler, Christian; Heubl, Günther (2012-12-14). "Phylogeny of tribe Rhinantheae (Orobanchaceae) with a focus on biogeography, cytology and re-examination of generic concepts". Taxon. 61 (6): 1269–1285. doi:10.1002/tax.616008.
  11. ^ Uribe-Convers, Simon; Tank, David C. (2016-09-01). "Phylogenetic revision of the genus Bartsia (Orobanchaceae): disjunct distributions correlate to independent lineages". Systematic Botany. 41 (3): 672–684. doi:10.1600/036364416x692299. ISSN 0363-6445. S2CID 88752480.

External links edit

  •   Media related to Bartsia trixago at Wikimedia Commons
  • Jepson Manual Treatment
  • California Invasive Plant Council
  • Photo gallery


 

This Orobanchaceae article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.

January 01, 1970
bellardia, trixago, species, flowering, plant, family, orobanchaceae, been, formerly, classified, family, scrophulariaceae, only, member, monotypic, genus, bellardia, known, trixago, bartsia, mediterranean, lineseed, this, plant, native, mediterranean, basin, . Bellardia trixago is a species of flowering plant in the family Orobanchaceae it has been formerly classified in the family Scrophulariaceae The only member of the monotypic genus Bellardia it is known as trixago bartsia 1 or Mediterranean lineseed 2 This plant is native to the Mediterranean Basin but it is known in other places with similar climates such as California and parts of Chile where it is an introduced species and noxious weed Bellardia trixago Scientific classification Kingdom Plantae Clade Tracheophytes Clade Angiosperms Clade Eudicots Clade Asterids Order Lamiales Family Orobanchaceae Tribe Rhinantheae Genus BellardiaAll Species B trixago Binomial name Bellardia trixago L All Synonyms Bartsia trixago L All Trixago apula Stev Contents 1 Etymology 2 Description 3 Phylogeny 4 References 5 External linksEtymology editThe genus name Bellardia is a taxonomic patronym in honor of Carlo Antonio Lodovico Bellardi 1741 1826 an Italian botanist from Piedmont 3 The species name trixago has two possible etymologies It derives from the ancient Greek word 8ri3 thrix meaning hair 4 5 and the Latin suffix ago used to indicate a property and refers to the glandular hairy characteristic of the plant 6 7 It derives from the ancient Greek word tri3os trissos or trittos trixos trissos or trittos meaning triple 4 5 and refers to the trilobate lower lip of the flower 8 It is also the old Latin name of germanders genus Teucrium 7 Description editThis is an erect plant often reaching over half a meter in height Its foliage is rich green and dotted with glands and hairs The sawtoothed leaves extend about halfway up the plant with the upper half of the stem being occupied with a stout inflorescence which narrows to a point The inflorescence has rows of leaflike bracts between which emerge showy purple and white lipped hooded flowers each over two centimeters wide The fruit is a smooth green capsule Mediterranean lineseed like other broomrapes is parasitic this species is hemiparasitic in that it is green and photosynthetic but also taps into the roots of other plants to extract nutrients Phylogeny editThe phylogeny of the genera of Rhinantheae has been explored using molecular characters 9 10 Bellardia belongs to the core Rhinantheae Bellardia is closely related to Parentucellia to some Bartsia taxa and to Odontites 10 11 In turn these genera share phylogenetic affinities with Tozzia and Hedbergia and then with Euphrasia and Bartsia Genus level cladogram of tribe Rhinantheae Rhinantheae Melampyrum Rhynchocorys Lathraea Rhinanthus Core Rhinantheae Bartsia sensu stricto Bartsia alpina Euphrasia Hedbergia including Bartsia decurva B longiflora Tozzia Odontites sensu lato including Bartsiella and Bornmuellerantha Bellardia Neobartsia New World Bartsia Parentucellia The cladogram has been reconstructed from nuclear and plastid DNA molecular characters ITS rps16 intron and trnK region 9 10 References edit BSBI List 2007 xls Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland Archived from the original xls on 2015 06 26 Retrieved 2014 10 17 USDA NRCS n d Bellardia trixago The PLANTS Database plants usda gov Greensboro North Carolina National Plant Data Team Retrieved 9 January 2016 Rameau Jean Claude Mansion Dominique Dume G 2008 Flore forestiere francaise guide ecologique illustre Region mediterraneenne in French Foret privee francaise p 1261 ISBN 978 2 904740 93 0 a b Bailly Anatole 1981 01 01 Abrege du dictionnaire grec francais Paris Hachette ISBN 978 2010035289 OCLC 461974285 a b Bailly Anatole Greek french dictionary online www tabularium be Retrieved May 2 2020 Page T www calflora net Retrieved 2020 05 02 a b Bartsia Plante Mediterraneenne in French Retrieved 2020 05 02 Gentil Ambroise 1923 Dictionnaire etymologique de la flore francaise PDF Paris Paul Lechevalier p 229 a b Tesitel Jakub Riha Pavel Svobodova Sarka Malinova Tamara Stech Milan 2010 10 28 Phylogeny Life History Evolution and Biogeography of the Rhinanthoid Orobanchaceae Folia Geobotanica 45 4 347 367 doi 10 1007 s12224 010 9089 y ISSN 1211 9520 S2CID 39873516 a b c Scheunert Agnes Fleischmann Andreas Olano Marin Catalina Brauchler Christian Heubl Gunther 2012 12 14 Phylogeny of tribe Rhinantheae Orobanchaceae with a focus on biogeography cytology and re examination of generic concepts Taxon 61 6 1269 1285 doi 10 1002 tax 616008 Uribe Convers Simon Tank David C 2016 09 01 Phylogenetic revision of the genus Bartsia Orobanchaceae disjunct distributions correlate to independent lineages Systematic Botany 41 3 672 684 doi 10 1600 036364416x692299 ISSN 0363 6445 S2CID 88752480 External links edit nbsp Media related to Bartsia trixago at Wikimedia Commons Jepson Manual Treatment California Invasive Plant Council Photo gallery nbsp This Orobanchaceae article is a stub You can help Wikipedia by expanding it vte Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Bellardia trixago amp oldid 1064145703, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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