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Bari language

Bari is the Nilotic language of the Karo people, spoken over large areas of Central Equatoria state in South Sudan, across the northwest corner of Uganda, and into the Democratic Republic of Congo.

Bari
Barian
Karo, Kutuk
RegionSouth Sudan
EthnicityBari people
Native speakers
770,000 (2017)[1]
Dialects
Language codes
ISO 639-3bfa
Glottologbari1283  Barian
bari1284  Bari

Bari is spoken by several distinct tribes: the Bari people themselves, the Pojulu, Kakwa, Nyangwara, Mundari, and Kuku. Each has its own dialect. The language is therefore sometimes called Karo or Kutuk ('mother tongue') rather than Bari.

Bari is a tone language. It has vowel harmony, subject–verb–object word order, and agglutinative verbal morphology with some suppletion. A very competent dictionary and grammar were published in the 1930s, but are very difficult to find today. More recently, a dissertation has been published on Bari tonal phonology, and another dissertation on Bari syntax is available.

Dialects edit

Dialects are:

  • Bari proper (Beri)
  • Pöjulu (Pajulu, Fadjulu, Fajelu, Madi)
  • Kakwa (Kakua, Kwakwak) [radio broadcasts in Uganda]
  • Nyangbara (Nyangwara, Nyambara)
  • Mandari (Mondari, Mundari, Chir, Kir, Shir)
  • Kuku
  • Nyepu (Nyefu, Nyepo, Nypho, Ngyepu)
  • Ligo (Liggo)

Phonology edit

Bari has a cross-height[clarification needed] vowel-harmony system.[2]

Orthography edit

The Bari alphabet is used by the Bari and Kuku in South Sudan. There are four digraphs, ʼB, ʼD, ʼY and Ny, and the letter eng, Ŋ.

Bari alphabet
Uppercase A B ʼB D ʼD E G J I Y ʼY K L M N Ŋ Ny O Ö P R S T U W
Lowercase a b ʼb d ʼd e g j i y ʼy k l m n ŋ ny o ö p r s t u w
Bari special characters
Uppercase Ŋ Ö
Lowercase ŋ ö
Alternatives ng o
Uppercase Unicode (hexadecimal) 014A 00D6
Lowercase Unicode (hexadecimal) 014B 00F6
Unicode Character Code Chart Latin Extended A Latin-1

References edit

  1. ^ Bari at Ethnologue (25th ed., 2022)  
  2. ^ SIL Bibliography: Yokwe and Hall 1981

General References edit

  1. Bari Language, Sudan Primer: Sillabari Ko Kutuk Na Bari. The Catholic Press Institute. Juba, Sudan.
  2. Owen, R.C.R. Bari grammar and vocabulary. 1908. OCLC: 25040516
  3. Spagnolo, Lorenzo M. Bari grammar. 1933. Verona, Missioni Africane.. OCLC: 34898784
  4. Yokwe, Eluzai. The tonal grammar of Bari. Doctoral dissertation, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. 1987.

External links edit

  • Kitap Kwakwaset The Book of Common Prayer in Bari (1953)

bari, language, confused, with, barí, language, ubangian, bari, nilotic, language, karo, people, spoken, over, large, areas, central, equatoria, state, south, sudan, across, northwest, corner, uganda, into, democratic, republic, congo, baribariankaro, kutukreg. Not to be confused with Bari language or Bari language Ubangian Bari is the Nilotic language of the Karo people spoken over large areas of Central Equatoria state in South Sudan across the northwest corner of Uganda and into the Democratic Republic of Congo BariBarianKaro KutukRegionSouth SudanEthnicityBari peopleNative speakers770 000 2017 1 Language familyNilo Saharan Eastern Sudanic Kir Abbaian NiloticEastern NiloticBariDialectsKakwa Kuku MandariLanguage codesISO 639 3 a href https iso639 3 sil org code bfa class extiw title iso639 3 bfa bfa a Glottologbari1283 Barianbari1284 BariBari is spoken by several distinct tribes the Bari people themselves the Pojulu Kakwa Nyangwara Mundari and Kuku Each has its own dialect The language is therefore sometimes called Karo or Kutuk mother tongue rather than Bari Bari is a tone language It has vowel harmony subject verb object word order and agglutinative verbal morphology with some suppletion A very competent dictionary and grammar were published in the 1930s but are very difficult to find today More recently a dissertation has been published on Bari tonal phonology and another dissertation on Bari syntax is available Contents 1 Dialects 2 Phonology 3 Orthography 4 References 4 1 General References 5 External linksDialects editDialects are Bari proper Beri Pojulu Pajulu Fadjulu Fajelu Madi Kakwa Kakua Kwakwak radio broadcasts in Uganda Nyangbara Nyangwara Nyambara Mandari Mondari Mundari Chir Kir Shir Kuku Nyepu Nyefu Nyepo Nypho Ngyepu Ligo Liggo Phonology editBari has a cross height clarification needed vowel harmony system 2 Orthography editThe Bari alphabet is used by the Bari and Kuku in South Sudan There are four digraphs ʼB ʼD ʼY and Ny and the letter eng Ŋ Bari alphabet Uppercase A B ʼB D ʼD E G J I Y ʼY K L M N Ŋ Ny O O P R S T U WLowercase a b ʼb d ʼd e g j i y ʼy k l m n ŋ ny o o p r s t u wBari special characters Uppercase Ŋ OLowercase ŋ oAlternatives ng oUppercase Unicode hexadecimal 014A 00D6Lowercase Unicode hexadecimal 014B 00F6Unicode Character Code Chart Latin Extended A Latin 1References edit Bari at Ethnologue 25th ed 2022 nbsp SIL Bibliography Yokwe and Hall 1981 General References edit Bari Language Sudan Primer Sillabari Ko Kutuk Na Bari The Catholic Press Institute Juba Sudan Owen R C R Bari grammar and vocabulary 1908 OCLC 25040516 Spagnolo Lorenzo M Bari grammar 1933 Verona Missioni Africane OCLC 34898784 Yokwe Eluzai The tonal grammar of Bari Doctoral dissertation University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign 1987 External links edit nbsp Bari language test of Wikipedia at Wikimedia Incubator Kitap Kwakwaset The Book of Common Prayer in Bari 1953 https web archive org web 20090215100524 http www openroad net au languages african Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Bari language amp oldid 1184351211, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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