The Banat of Temeswar or Banat of Temes was a Habsburg province that existed between 1718 and 1778. It was located in the present day region of Banat, which was named after this province. The province was abolished in 1778 and the following year it was incorporated into the Habsburg Kingdom of Hungary.[1][better source needed]
In the official documents of the time and also in all of native languages of the region, the name of the province appears in two basic forms, first derived from the name of Temeswar (Timișoara), second derived from the name of Temes region: in German - Temeschwarer Banat (Temescher Banat), Romanian - Banatul Timişoarei (Banatul timişan), Serbian - Темишварски Банат (Тамишки Банат), Temišvarski banat (Tamiški Banat), Hungarian - Temesvári Bánság (Temesi Bánság) and Latin - Banatus Temesvariensis (Banatus Temesiensis).[2]
Although after the Austro-Ottoman war (1683–1697) and before the treaty of Karlowitz (1699) most parts of Banat were temporarily controlled by the forces of Prince Eugene of Savoy; in consequence of the treaty, the Ottoman sovereignty was recognized over the region with the fort of Temeşvar. However, as a result of the Spanish Succession War and the Rákóczi's War for Independence, the Habsburgs were inclined to direct their attention elsewhere within their country, and there was no attempt on their part to gain any territories from the Ottomans until 1710.
From 1718 to 1739, Banat of Temeswar included not only the Banat region, but also parts of present-day eastern Serbia along the southern bank of the Danube river. Following the Treaty of Belgrade (1739), areas along the southern bank of Danube returned under Ottoman control. In 1751, the southern parts of Banat were excluded from the province and the Banatian Military Frontier was established in that area.
The Banat of Temeswar was abolished on 6 June 1778, and on 23 April 1779, it was incorporated into the Habsburg Kingdom of Hungary, while its former territory was divided into three counties: Torontál, Temes and Krassó. The southern part of the Banat region, which was part of the Banat of Temeswar until 1751, remained part of the Military Frontier (Banat Krajina) until 1873.
In 1849 following the Revolutions of 1848/1849 the Banat of Temeswar was resurrected as part of the new Voivodeship of Serbia and Banat of Temeswar crown land, which combined the former lands of the Banat of Temeswar with most of those from the self-proclaimed Serbian Vojvodina (excluding those parts of both within the military frontier). The former Banat counties of Torontál, Temes and Krassó were transformed into the Kreise of Groß Bečkerek, Temesvár and Lugos respectively. It was once again abolished in 1860; the counties were restored and re-merged into Hungary.
Population
The province was bound to repopulate after the Habsburg conquest because it had a low population density on the grounds that the territory sustained a lot of adversity from the previous wars. The population density was among the lowest in Europe; some researchers suggest that it was around 1 person / square kilometres.[citation needed] According to the first census conducted by the Habsburg military authorities, the population of Banat numbered about 20,000 inhabitants, mostly Serbs. The former Muslim population of Banat had left the area immediately before and during the Habsburg conquest. The low population density resulted in the territory being repopulated by German families coming from Austrian and southern German lands, Romanians coming from Wallachia and Transylvania, by Slovaks from the north,[6] and by Serb refugees coming from the Ottoman Empire, while some Serbs arrived in the area from other parts of the Habsburg monarchy. Colonization of various ethnic groups in the area lasted until the early 19th century. The government organized regimental districts which mostly had Serb population with special privileges in exchange for defending the borders. The area also lost its Hungarian population in the 16th century,[7] but Hungarians were not allowed to return[6] until the 1740s, because the Habsburgs regarded them as "politically unreliable".[6] Thus, Hungarians were almost totally absent from Banat in the first half of the 18th century. After the permission was given, Hungarian settlers arrived from different parts of the kingdom (mainly from Transdanubia, Csongrád county and the Jász and Kun districts).
According to data from 1774, the population of the Banat of Temeswar was composed of:[8][page needed]
The first official census took part during the rule of Joseph II, from the late 18th century.[citation needed] This shows Romanian majority in the east, Serbian in the west, and numerous German population in the whole area.[citation needed]
Governors
Governors of Banat of Temeswar did not have the title of "ban". They were military governors and chefs of provincial administration (in German: Militärpräsidenten der Landesadministration des Temescher Banats).[9]
^"Euratlas Periodis Web - Map of Europe in Year 1000".
^Dov Ronen, Anton Pelinka: The challenge of ethnic conflict, democracy and self-determination in Central Europe, Frank Cass & Co. Ltd., Great Britain, 1998, page 18 [1]
^ abcKároly Kocsis, Eszter Kocsisné Hodosi, Ethnic Geography of the Hungarian Minority on the Carpathian Basin, Simon Publications LLC, 1998, pp 140 -141
^Károly Kocsis, Eszter Kocsisné Hodosi: Ethnic Geography of the Hungarian Minority on the Carpathian Basin, Simon Publications LLC, 1998, page 140 [2]
^Miodrag Milin, Vekovima zajedno (Iz istorije srpsko-rumunskih odnosa), Temišvar, 1995.
^Johann Heinrich Schwicker: Geschichte des Temeser Banats, LaVergne TN USA 2010
Ingrao, Charles; Samardžić, Nikola; Pešalj, Jovan, eds. (2011). The Peace of Passarowitz, 1718. West Lafayette: Purdue University Press. ISBN9781557535948.
Marin, Irina. Contested Frontiers in the Balkans: Ottoman, Habsburg, and Communist Rivalries in Eastern Europe (I.B. Tauris, distributed by Palgrave Macmillan; 2013) 228 pages; focuses on the Banat of Temesvar
Miodrag Milin, Vekovima zajedno (Iz istorije srpsko-rumunskih odnosa), Temišvar, 1995.
Peter Rokai – Zoltan Đere – Tibor Pal – Aleksandar Kasaš, Istorija Mađara, Beograd, 2002.
Denis Šehić – Demir Šehić, Istorijski atlas Sveta, Beograd, 2007.
Milan Tutorov, Banatska rapsodija – istorika Zrenjanina i Banata, Novi Sad, 2001.
Forţiu, Sorin. Denumirea Banatului în epoca modernă (sec. XVIII - XX): Banatus Timisvariensis vel Banatus Temesiensis?, in: Descoperiţi Banatul - Timişoara, Biblioteca Banaterra - Cartea 1, Editura Waldpress, Timişoara, 2009, 192 pg., ISBN 978-973 -7878-44-1; p. 104-144.
J. H. Šviker, Politička istorija Srba u Ugarskoj, Novi Sad – Beograd, 1998.
External links
Map
Map
The Banat, 1718–1778
Some basic info on Banat
Sorin Forţiu: Denumirea Banatului în epoca modernă (sec. XVIII - XX): Banatus Timisvariensis vel Banatus Temesiensis?
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Banat of Temeswar.
January 07, 2023
banat, temeswar, this, article, needs, additional, citations, verification, please, help, improve, this, article, adding, citations, reliable, sources, unsourced, material, challenged, removed, find, sources, news, newspapers, books, scholar, jstor, march, 201. This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Banat of Temeswar news newspapers books scholar JSTOR March 2012 Learn how and when to remove this template message The Banat of Temeswar or Banat of Temes was a Habsburg province that existed between 1718 and 1778 It was located in the present day region of Banat which was named after this province The province was abolished in 1778 and the following year it was incorporated into the Habsburg Kingdom of Hungary 1 better source needed Banat of Temeswar Banat of Temes Temeschwarer Banat Temescher Banat Banatul Timisoarei Banatul timisan Temishvarski Banat Tamishki Banat Temisvarski banat Tamiski Banat Temesvari Bansag Temesi Bansag Banatus Temesvariensis Banatus Temesiensis province of the Habsburg monarchy1718 1778Flag Coat of armsCapitalTemeswar Timișoara HistoryHistory Established12 July 1718 Disestablished6 June 1778Preceded by Succeeded byTemesvar Eyalet Military FrontierKingdom of Hungary 1526 1867 Today part ofRomania Serbia HungaryBanat of Temeswar province of the Habsburg monarchy in 1718 1739 Banat of Temeswar province of the Habsburg monarchy in 1739 1751 Banat of Temeswar in 1751 1778 Contents 1 Duality of name 2 History 3 Population 4 Governors 5 See also 6 References 7 Sources 8 External linksDuality of name EditIn the official documents of the time and also in all of native languages of the region the name of the province appears in two basic forms first derived from the name of Temeswar Timișoara second derived from the name of Temes region in German Temeschwarer Banat Temescher Banat Romanian Banatul Timisoarei Banatul timisan Serbian Temishvarski Banat Tamishki Banat Temisvarski banat Tamiski Banat Hungarian Temesvari Bansag Temesi Bansag and Latin Banatus Temesvariensis Banatus Temesiensis 2 History EditFurther information Banat Before the Habsburg province was established several other entities had existed in the Banat region including the Voivodeship of Glad 9th century 3 the Voivodeship of Ahtum 11th century 4 the medieval Kingdom of Hungary 11th 16th century and one of its frontier provinces the Banate of Severin from 1233 to the 16th century 5 the Ottoman province named Eyalet of Temesvar 1552 1716 and the Banate of Lugos and Karansebes province within the Principality of Transylvania 16th 17th century which was under the suzerainty of the Ottoman Empire as a whole Although after the Austro Ottoman war 1683 1697 and before the treaty of Karlowitz 1699 most parts of Banat were temporarily controlled by the forces of Prince Eugene of Savoy in consequence of the treaty the Ottoman sovereignty was recognized over the region with the fort of Temesvar However as a result of the Spanish Succession War and the Rakoczi s War for Independence the Habsburgs were inclined to direct their attention elsewhere within their country and there was no attempt on their part to gain any territories from the Ottomans until 1710 In the Austro Turkish War of 1716 18 Prince Eugene of Savoy conquered the Banat region from the Ottoman Empire which was recognized by the Treaty of Passarowitz 1718 The Habsburg monarchy then established a new military administrative region there under the name of Banat of Temeswar The capital of the province became Temeswar The province remained under military administration until 1751 when civil administration was introduced in northern parts of the region by Empress Maria Theresa of Austria From 1718 to 1739 Banat of Temeswar included not only the Banat region but also parts of present day eastern Serbia along the southern bank of the Danube river Following the Treaty of Belgrade 1739 areas along the southern bank of Danube returned under Ottoman control In 1751 the southern parts of Banat were excluded from the province and the Banatian Military Frontier was established in that area The Banat of Temeswar was abolished on 6 June 1778 and on 23 April 1779 it was incorporated into the Habsburg Kingdom of Hungary while its former territory was divided into three counties Torontal Temes and Krasso The southern part of the Banat region which was part of the Banat of Temeswar until 1751 remained part of the Military Frontier Banat Krajina until 1873 In 1849 following the Revolutions of 1848 1849 the Banat of Temeswar was resurrected as part of the new Voivodeship of Serbia and Banat of Temeswar crown land which combined the former lands of the Banat of Temeswar with most of those from the self proclaimed Serbian Vojvodina excluding those parts of both within the military frontier The former Banat counties of Torontal Temes and Krasso were transformed into the Kreise of Gross Beckerek Temesvar and Lugos respectively It was once again abolished in 1860 the counties were restored and re merged into Hungary Population EditThe province was bound to repopulate after the Habsburg conquest because it had a low population density on the grounds that the territory sustained a lot of adversity from the previous wars The population density was among the lowest in Europe some researchers suggest that it was around 1 person square kilometres citation needed According to the first census conducted by the Habsburg military authorities the population of Banat numbered about 20 000 inhabitants mostly Serbs The former Muslim population of Banat had left the area immediately before and during the Habsburg conquest The low population density resulted in the territory being repopulated by German families coming from Austrian and southern German lands Romanians coming from Wallachia and Transylvania by Slovaks from the north 6 and by Serb refugees coming from the Ottoman Empire while some Serbs arrived in the area from other parts of the Habsburg monarchy Colonization of various ethnic groups in the area lasted until the early 19th century The government organized regimental districts which mostly had Serb population with special privileges in exchange for defending the borders The area also lost its Hungarian population in the 16th century 7 but Hungarians were not allowed to return 6 until the 1740s because the Habsburgs regarded them as politically unreliable 6 Thus Hungarians were almost totally absent from Banat in the first half of the 18th century After the permission was given Hungarian settlers arrived from different parts of the kingdom mainly from Transdanubia Csongrad county and the Jasz and Kun districts According to data from 1774 the population of the Banat of Temeswar was composed of 8 page needed Romanians 220 000 Serbs and Greeks clarification needed 100 000 Germans 53 000 Hungarians and Bulgarians clarification needed 2 400 Jews 340The first official census took part during the rule of Joseph II from the late 18th century citation needed This shows Romanian majority in the east Serbian in the west and numerous German population in the whole area citation needed Governors EditGovernors of Banat of Temeswar did not have the title of ban They were military governors and chefs of provincial administration in German Militarprasidenten der Landesadministration des Temescher Banats 9 Claudius Florimund Mercy 1716 1734 Johann Andreas von Hamilton 1734 1738 Wilhelm Reinhard von Neipperg 1738 1739 August Jakob Heinrich von Suckow 1739 1740 Franz Anton Leopold Ponz von Engelshofen 1740 1757 Ferdinand Philipp von Harsch 1757 1758 Anton von Puebla 1758 1759 Siegmund Friedrich Samuel von Lietzen 1759 1769 Maximilian Joseph von Mitrowsky 1769 1775 Johann Franz Anton von Zedtwitz 1775 1779 See also EditBanat Banat Krajina Ottoman Province of TemesvarReferences Edit WHKMLA History of the Banat 1718 1778 Sorin Forţiu Denumirea Banatului in epoca modernă sec XVIII XX Banatus Timisvariensis vel Banatus Temesiensis http keptar niif hu 000500 000586 magyaro honf terkep nagykep jpg bare URL image file Euratlas Periodis Web Map of Europe in Year 1000 Dov Ronen Anton Pelinka The challenge of ethnic conflict democracy and self determination in Central Europe Frank Cass amp Co Ltd Great Britain 1998 page 18 1 a b c Karoly Kocsis Eszter Kocsisne Hodosi Ethnic Geography of the Hungarian Minority on the Carpathian Basin Simon Publications LLC 1998 pp 140 141 Karoly Kocsis Eszter Kocsisne Hodosi Ethnic Geography of the Hungarian Minority on the Carpathian Basin Simon Publications LLC 1998 page 140 2 Miodrag Milin Vekovima zajedno Iz istorije srpsko rumunskih odnosa Temisvar 1995 Johann Heinrich Schwicker Geschichte des Temeser Banats LaVergne TN USA 2010Sources Edit Wikisource has the text of the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica article Banat Bocsan Nicolae 2015 Illyrian privileges and the Romanians from the Banat PDF Banatica 25 243 258 Cirkovic Sima 2004 The Serbs Malden Blackwell Publishing ISBN 9781405142915 Ingrao Charles Samardzic Nikola Pesalj Jovan eds 2011 The Peace of Passarowitz 1718 West Lafayette Purdue University Press ISBN 9781557535948 Marin Irina Contested Frontiers in the Balkans Ottoman Habsburg and Communist Rivalries in Eastern Europe I B Tauris distributed by Palgrave Macmillan 2013 228 pages focuses on the Banat of Temesvar Miodrag Milin Vekovima zajedno Iz istorije srpsko rumunskih odnosa Temisvar 1995 Dusan J Popovic Srbi u Vojvodini vol 2 Novi Sad 1990 Peter Rokai Zoltan Đere Tibor Pal Aleksandar Kasas Istorija Mađara Beograd 2002 Denis Sehic Demir Sehic Istorijski atlas Sveta Beograd 2007 Milan Tutorov Banatska rapsodija istorika Zrenjanina i Banata Novi Sad 2001 Forţiu Sorin Denumirea Banatului in epoca modernă sec XVIII XX Banatus Timisvariensis vel Banatus Temesiensis in Descoperiţi Banatul Timisoara Biblioteca Banaterra Cartea 1 Editura Waldpress Timisoara 2009 192 pg ISBN 978 973 7878 44 1 p 104 144 J H Sviker Politicka istorija Srba u Ugarskoj Novi Sad Beograd 1998 External links EditMap Map The Banat 1718 1778 Some basic info on Banat Sorin Forţiu Denumirea Banatului in epoca modernă sec XVIII XX Banatus Timisvariensis vel Banatus Temesiensis Wikimedia Commons has media related to Banat of Temeswar Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Banat of Temeswar amp oldid 1108432739, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
