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West Chadic languages

January 01, 1970

The West Chadic languages of the Afro-Asiatic family are spoken principally in Niger and Nigeria. They include Hausa, the most populous Chadic language and a major language of West Africa.

West Chadic
Geographic
distribution		Niger, Nigeria
Linguistic classificationAfro-Asiatic
Subdivisions
Glottologwest2785
West Chadic per Newman (1977)
Main Chadic-speaking peoples in Nigeria
Hausa-speaking areas in Nigeria and Niger
Roger Blench's (2020) classification of West Chadic B

Languages edit

The branches of West Chadic go either by names or by letters and numbers in an outline format.[1]

In addition, Poki is purportedly West Chadic, but no data is available.

Internal structure edit

George Starostin's (2010) internal classification of West Chadic[6] as presented in Blažek (2010):[7]

Roger Blench's (2021) internal classification of West Chadic:[8]

Distribution edit

Distributions of West Chadic branches:[9]

Branch Code Primary locations
Distributions of West Chadic branches[9]
Hausa–Gwandara A1 Northern Nigeria and Niger
Bole–Tangale A2 Darazo LGA, Bauchi State; Yobe, Taraba, Gombe, Borno states
Angas A3 Shendam and Mangu LGAs, Plateau State
Ron A4 Mangu LGA, Plateau State
Bade B1 Bade LGA, Borno State
South Bauchi B2 Darazo and Ningi LGAs, Bauchi State
North Bauchi B3 Bauchi State (Toro, Dass, Tafawa Balewa, Bauchi LGAs)

History of dispersal edit

Roger Blench (2022) suggests that West Chadic languages may have spread via a gradual agricultural dispersal in Central Nigeria, starting from 3,000–4,000 years ago. Blench notes that West Chadic morphology has been heavily influenced by Plateau languages, likely as a result of long-term intermarriage that occurred as West Chadic incomers took local wives who spoke Plateau languages.[10]

Reconstruction edit

Although no full reconstruction of West Chadic has been published, reconstructions of numerals for West Chadic and its subgroups have been proposed by Václav Blažek (2018).[7]

Phonology edit

The labial–velar consonants /kp/ and /gb/, widespread in Plateau and other Niger-Congo languages but uncommon in Chadic languages, can be found in Ron languages and in certain West Chadic A3 and Bole-Tangale languages. These consonants were borrowed from Plateau languages due to intensive long-term contact. However, other phonological features typical of Plateau and Niger-Congo languages such as ATR and vowel harmony are not found in West Chadic languages.[10]

Numerals edit

Comparison of numerals in individual languages:[11]

Classification Language 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
A, A.1 Gwandara da bi úkù / úɡú (Nimbia dialect) huru / furu (Nimbia dialect) bìyàri / bìyàr (Nimbia dialect) ʃídà / ʃídə́ (Nimbia dialect) bákwè / boʔo (Nimbia dialect) tákùʃì / táɡə́r (Nimbia dialect) tárà / tãrã (Nimbia dialect) ɡóm̀ / ɡóŋ̀ / ɡwóm (Nim. dialect)
A, A.1 Hausa ɗájá bíjú ʔúkù / ʔúkkù (West Hausa) fúɗú bìjár ʃídà / ʃíddà (West Hausa) bákwài tákwàs tárà ɡóːmà
A, A.2, Bole Bele móoɗì bòló kùnú fòɗɗó bàaɗì bàccímóoɗì báawùló ɓóorùɗó (2 x 4) ɓòowùnò bìmbáɗí
A, A.2, Bole, Karekare Karekare wáɗí bèːlú kúːnùː fèːɗú bàːɗú bàcóːɗì (5 + 1) bàcíbèːlú (5 + 2) fífèːɗú (2 x 4) ɓànnù mbáɗ
A, A.2, Bole, Bole Proper Bole móoɗì bòláu kúnùm pòɗɗó bàɗì bàššimóoɗì báawúló póorɗó (2 x 4) ɓòonùm bìmbáɗí
A, A.2, Bole, Bole Proper Bure (Bubure) móɗé máló kúnú ʄóɗó báɗé básúmé básùmáló (5+ 2) ʄórʄóɗó (2 x 4) ɓárdzìmóɗé (10–1) bárbáɗè
A, A.2, Bole, Bole Proper Galambu múuri m̀bàál kúun páryá bòorí bɪ́címɪ́n bùcù m̀bàl (5+ 2) hórró bàryà múuri (10–1) bár
A, A.2, Bole, Bole Proper Gera móóyi mbùlú kúnú fúɗú bàaɗì bèeshím bìccìmbùlú (5+ 2) húrɗú ɓànìnjà / barija bàrɗí / barr
A, A.2, Bole, Bole Proper Geruma mô / mon m̀bàalú / mbàalúŋ kúnú / kúnúŋ fúɗú / húɗúŋ bàaɗì / bàalí bècə́m bàzə̀mbàalú (5+ 2) húrɗú / úrɗúŋ ɓár jà ɓáráɗì / ɓárári
A, A.2, Bole, Bole Proper Kholok (Widala) ɗók pèlòw bùnùm pèeròw faàt / faàr foòròmìnì paàlìlàw bìrbìròw / pìrpìròw kómbóy ɓùmmò
A, A.2, Bole, Bole Proper Kirfi (Giiwo) móoɗì mbàlú kúnú fáɗáu bòoɗ bìccúuni bìcímbàlu (5+ 2) fórfáɗó (2 x 4) bàr jà móoɗi (10–1) pàtà
A, A.2, Bole, Bole Proper Maaka mōɗì bòllu kūǹ paɗɗu bà bìnkinù nɡā̀nù or bákwài (< Hausa) jìlai kwàlak bìmba
A, A.2, Bole, Bole Proper Ngamo mòɗi bòlò kùnû hɔ̀ɗò bât bàʔàʃìmòɗi (5 + 1) babìlò (5 + 2) hɔɔrɗò (2 x 4) ɓònù bimbaɗ (2 x 5) ?
A, A.2, Bole, Bole Proper Nyam mɔ̀dɔ́ fùllúk kùnúŋ hɔ̀dúk hwàt fármé fáró fùllúk (5 + 2) húrú ɡùdùk (2 x 4) láɡó mɔ̀dɔ́ (10–1)  ? kùumò (litː ' kumo ' = ear)
A, A.2, Tangale, Dera Dera (Kanakuru) ɗuwey rap kunu paraw bât byême bwelà torìmen wanɗumwe (10–1) ɡûm
A, A.2, Tangale, Tangale Proper Kupto (Kutto) ɗékkíré fáláw/ páláw kùnùŋ fàɗàw / pàɗàw fáat / páat fáyɗìn / páyɗìn fáyláw / páyláw fàrfìɗòw lèbìɗà kómó
A, A.2, Tangale, Tangale Proper Kushi ɗòk pə̀llòw tàat péeròw fwàt / fúwàt fàràɡbànàŋ fàrlów pìdiɗòw fɔ̀jèràw kpèmù
A, A.2, Tangale, Tangale Proper Kwaami múndí póllów / fóllów kúnúm póɗòw / fóɗòw páaɗí / fáaɗí páyíndì / fáyíndì (5 + 1) pópíllów / fófíllów (5 + 2) pówùrɗòw / fówùrɗòw (2 x 4) ? làmbáɗà kúmó
A, A.2, Tangale, Tangale Proper Pero (Pipero) ɗók bélòw ɡ͡bónòŋ béeɗòw púat / fwát páttira múndi páttira bélòw bídìdow kómpòy / kómvòy kó / k͡púmmò
A, A.2, Tangale, Tangale Proper Piya mùndí pèelów ɡbùnùm pèeɗòw fàat pàtìrà mùndí (5 + 1) pàtìrà pèelów (5 + 2) pèdìpìɗów (2 x 4) ??? kòmbòy kùmmó
A, A.2, Tangale, Tangale Proper Po Tangale (1) dɔk ràp kúnuŋ pàdàó fùwàt pàíndì pèláù pàpádà (2 x 4) làmbùdà ɡ͡bɔmɔ
A, A.2, Tangale, Tangale Proper Tangale (Shongom) (2) dɔ́k ráp kúnúŋ sɛ́rɛɪ̀ pʊ́wàd páyɪ̀nɗɪ́ péelòu párpàɗá (2 x 4) lámɓɗà ɡ͡bɔ́mɔ́
A, A.3, Angas Proper, 1 Angas (Ngas) ɡàk báp kʷán fír pɛ̀t pìmí (5 + 1) pòbáp (5 + 2) pòkʷún (5 + 3) pòfár (5 + 4) sàr
A, A.3, Angas Proper, 1 Kofyar mé vəl kún féer paàt pèmə (5 + 1) pòɡòvəl (5 + 2) pòɡòkun (5 + 3) pòɡòfár (5 + 4) sàr
A, A.3, Angas Proper, 1 Miship (Chip) (1) kəme vəl kun feer baat pemee (5+ 1) pokvəl (5+ 2) pokkun (5+ 3) pokfaar (5+ 4) sár
A, A.3, Angas Proper, 1 Miship (Chip) (2) me vɨl kun fɛr paàt pemɛ (5+ 1) pɔ̀ɡɔ̀vɨl (5+ 2) pɔ̀ɡɔ̀kun (5+ 3) pɔ̀ɡɔ̀far (5+ 4) sə̀r
A, A.3, Angas Proper, 1 Cakfem-Mushere kume vel kun feer paat peemee (5+ 1) feermeekum (4+ 3) ?? feertiit (4 x 2) ?? paatmeefeer (5+ 4) kakapaat (5 x 2) ??
A, A.3, Angas Proper, 1 Mwaghavul (Mupun / Sura) mə́ndòŋ və́l kún féer páat péemè (5 + 1) póvə̀l (5 + 2) pòkún (5 + 3) pòféer (5 + 4) kàapàt və́l (5 x 2)  ???
A, A.3, Angas Proper, 2 Goemai (Ankwe) mée, ɡə̀mée və́l kún fə́r pʰá:t pʰə̀mə́ (5 + 1) pʰə̀və́l (5 + 2) pʰùkún (5 + 3) pʰə̀fár (5 + 4) sár
A, A.3, Angas Proper, 2 Tal [mɛ́nɛ] [vɨ́ɛ́l] [kún] [fɛi] [pàːt] [pɨ̀mɛ́] [mɛ́fɛ́imɛ́kúːn] [pàːfɛ́i] [mɛ́ːpàː] [sár]
A, A.4, Ron Proper Ron (Daffo) ɗaŋɡât ful / fulál yuhún púʔ hárá makoŋ melok mafwaráʔ yèlâm hùrè
B, B.1, Duwai Duwai ɡùɗìyò ʃirì kô fə̀ɗú vā̀ɗ ə̀jdə̀ɡərma sə̀və̀sə̀ri / tlə̀və̀sə̀ri ə̀jldàakò wā̀rìyà ɡùumà
B, B.1, Bade Proper Bade ɡàɗi sərən kwan fəɗu vàɗì ə̀zdù ɡatkasà ɬədàakwà warayà ɡuumà
B, B.1, Bade Proper Ngizim kə́ɗə́n (counting), ɡàyí (enumat.) ʃírín kwán fə́ɗú vàaɗ zə̀dù ɡátkásà dándàfə́ɗú (2 x 4) kúɗkûvdà ɡúmà
B, B.2 Dira (Diri) num rɔp mɪyaxkən wupsɛ nəmtəm mukkə̀ ŋyɪniŋɡì wùzupsè (2 x 4) ? vwanùm (10–1) ? kwuɬ
B, B.2 Miya wútə̀ tsə̀r kìdi fə̀ɗə vàaɬə màaha (5+1) ? mààtsə̀r (5+2) fə́rfəɗə (2 x 4) kùcìyà də́rɓitim
B, B.3 Dass (of Dott) nə̀m rwáp mààɣí wùupsí nàmtám màamaɣ / muumáɣ wúsúrmàɣè wúsúpsì (2 x 4) nàturə́psi / nàtàrə́psi zùp
B, B.3, Boghom Boghom nyìm ɓáap / pā́p / ɡbwàap mói múpsí ndàuní / ndóoní màak nyàŋɡí ɓóopsí ʔáamsóyìm (10 -1) ŋəmàs / wuur nyìm
B, B.3, Boghom Mangas nim ɓíin mween ùpsi tùun màɣà nyíŋɡi ɡàamzi kúrúmsa zúp
B, B.3, Eastern Jimi nintóo rwá mwaikán / mwenkán ihyú namtáŋ / namtám máakoo inkóo ɡuhyú (2 x 4) kə́skəníntoo / kə́zə̀kə̀níntò (10 -1) ndəɓóo / ɗúbó
B, B.3, Guruntum Guruntum ʃàak raap miyaŋ ooso kʸuwun môon nʸeene ɡèesau ɗáar zùp
B, B.3, Guruntum Zangwal (Zangur) nə́m kwáap màyà wúusù nàmtàm màaɡa nyínìɡì ʔáasuʔáasù (2 x 4) áatə̀nə̀n súp
B, B.3, Zaar Proper Geji (Gyazi) (1) nə̀m lôp mèkan wupsì nàmtan mukkà nitɡi wùsupsì (2 x 4) ? topsi kuɬ
B, B.3, Zaar Proper Geji (Gezawa) (2) nɨ̀m lôp mèkən wupsì nə̀mtəŋ mukkə̀ nininɡi wùsupsì (2 x 4) ? nə̀topsi kuɬ
B, B.3, Zaar Proper Polci (Palci) nɨ̀m rǒp miyèn wupsɨ̀ nə̀mtəm maɣà wusɨ̀rmìyen (4 + 3) ? wɨsɨpsɨ̀ (2 x 4) ? nàtoropsɨ̀ zup
B, B.3, Zaar Proper Saya nàmbə́ŋ mbə̀ɬíŋ máajìi wúpsə̀ nândə̀m lîim wátsə̀maí tántán tɔ́knándə́m zúp

References edit

  1. ^ Blench, Roger. 2006. The Afro-Asiatic Languages: Classification and Reference List (ms)
  2. ^ Blench, Roger (2019). "Jakato: an undocumented language of Central Nigeria".
  3. ^ a b Blench, Roger. 2017. Current research on the A3 West Chadic languages.
  4. ^ Blench, Roger. Comparative Ron wordlist.
  5. ^ Blench, Roger. 2012. Linguistic and cultural background to the North Bauchi region and the Wiihə people.
  6. ^ Starostin, George. 2010. Afroasiatic classification: preliminary results of the modified glottochronological test. Manuscript.
  7. ^ a b Blažek, Václav. 2018. The numerals of West Chadic. Topics in Chadic Linguistics IX. Papers from the 8th Biennial International Colloquium on the Chadic Languages, Bayreuth, February 4–5, 2016.
  8. ^ Blench, Roger. 2021. The erosion of number marking in West Chadic Roger Blench. WOCAL, Leiden.
  9. ^ a b Blench, Roger (2019). An Atlas of Nigerian Languages (4th ed.). Cambridge: Kay Williamson Educational Foundation.
  10. ^ a b Blench, Roger (2022). Contact between West Chadic and Plateau languages: new evidence languages: new evidence. 11–12 November 2022, presentation given at Universität Wien.
  11. ^ Chan, Eugene (2019). "The Afro-Asiatic Language Phylum". Numeral Systems of the World's Languages.

External links edit

  • The Yobe Languages Research Project by the late Russell G. Schuh of UCLA
  • West Chadic resources 2011-05-24 at the Wayback Machine at africanlanguages.org

January 01, 1970
west, chadic, languages, afro, asiatic, family, spoken, principally, niger, nigeria, they, include, hausa, most, populous, chadic, language, major, language, west, africa, west, chadicgeographicdistributionniger, nigerialinguistic, classificationafro, asiaticc. The West Chadic languages of the Afro Asiatic family are spoken principally in Niger and Nigeria They include Hausa the most populous Chadic language and a major language of West Africa West ChadicGeographicdistributionNiger NigeriaLinguistic classificationAfro AsiaticChadicWest ChadicSubdivisionsA 1 Hausa Gwandara A 2 Bole Tangale A 3 Angas A 4 Ron B 1 Bade B 2 Warji B 3 BarawaGlottologwest2785West Chadic per Newman 1977 Main Chadic speaking peoples in Nigeria Hausa speaking areas in Nigeria and Niger Roger Blench s 2020 classification of West Chadic B Contents 1 Languages 2 Internal structure 3 Distribution 4 History of dispersal 5 Reconstruction 6 Phonology 7 Numerals 8 References 9 External linksLanguages editThe branches of West Chadic go either by names or by letters and numbers in an outline format 1 Hausa Gwandara A 1 Hausa Gwandara Bole Angas Bole Tangale A 2 North Bole proper Bure Karekare Bole Gera Geruma Deno Galambu Giiwo Kubi Ngamo Maaka Maagha Ɓeele Daza Dazawa Pali South Tangale Kwaami Pero Piya Kwonci Kholok Nyam Kushi Goji Kutto Kupto Tangale Dera Kanakuru Angas Central West Chadic 2 A 3 3 Ngasic Ngas Angas Belneng Mwaghavulic Mwaghavul Mupun Mapun Takas Toos Cakfem Mushere Miship Chip Pan cluster Chakato Jorto Jipal Mernyang Mirriam Kwagallak Kofyar Doemak Bwol Goram Jibyal Nteng Tel Tɛɛl Montol Talic Tal Pyapun Koenoem Goemaic Goemai Yiwom Ywom Gerka 3 Ron A 4 4 Fyer Tambas Ron Bokkos Daffo Butura Mangar Monguna Shagawu Duhwa Karfa Kulere Tof Richa Kamwai Marhai Mundat Sha Bade Warji Bade B 1 Duwai Bade Shira Ngizim Teshenawa Auyokawa Warji North Bauchi 5 B 2 Pa a Warji Diri Ciwogai Kariya Vinahe Mburku Miya Siri Zumbun Jimbin Ajawa Barawa South Bauchi B 3 Zaar Dass Geji Polci Polchi Saya Zari Zeem Guruntum Guruntum Mbaaru Ju Tala Zangwal Boghom Jimi Jum Boghom Kir Balar Mangas In addition Poki is purportedly West Chadic but no data is available Internal structure editGeorge Starostin s 2010 internal classification of West Chadic 6 as presented in Blazek 2010 7 West Chadic West Chadic A Hausa Gwandara branch Ron Bole Angas Bole Tangale Angas Sura West Chadic B Bade Ngizim Bauchi North Bauchi South Bauchi Roger Blench s 2021 internal classification of West Chadic 8 West Chadic Hausa Gwandara Core West Chadic Ron Bole Tangale Bade Ngizim North Bauchi South Bauchi A3 Central West Distribution editDistributions of West Chadic branches 9 Branch Code Primary locationsDistributions of West Chadic branches 9 Hausa Gwandara A1 Northern Nigeria and Niger Bole Tangale A2 Darazo LGA Bauchi State Yobe Taraba Gombe Borno states Angas A3 Shendam and Mangu LGAs Plateau State Ron A4 Mangu LGA Plateau State Bade B1 Bade LGA Borno State South Bauchi B2 Darazo and Ningi LGAs Bauchi State North Bauchi B3 Bauchi State Toro Dass Tafawa Balewa Bauchi LGAs History of dispersal editRoger Blench 2022 suggests that West Chadic languages may have spread via a gradual agricultural dispersal in Central Nigeria starting from 3 000 4 000 years ago Blench notes that West Chadic morphology has been heavily influenced by Plateau languages likely as a result of long term intermarriage that occurred as West Chadic incomers took local wives who spoke Plateau languages 10 Reconstruction editAlthough no full reconstruction of West Chadic has been published reconstructions of numerals for West Chadic and its subgroups have been proposed by Vaclav Blazek 2018 7 Phonology editThe labial velar consonants kp and gb widespread in Plateau and other Niger Congo languages but uncommon in Chadic languages can be found in Ron languages and in certain West Chadic A3 and Bole Tangale languages These consonants were borrowed from Plateau languages due to intensive long term contact However other phonological features typical of Plateau and Niger Congo languages such as ATR and vowel harmony are not found in West Chadic languages 10 Numerals editComparison of numerals in individual languages 11 Classification Language 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 A A 1 Gwandara da bi uku uɡu Nimbia dialect huru furu Nimbia dialect biyari biyar Nimbia dialect ʃida ʃide Nimbia dialect bakwe boʔo Nimbia dialect takuʃi taɡe r Nimbia dialect tara tara Nimbia dialect ɡom ɡoŋ ɡwom Nim dialect A A 1 Hausa ɗaja biju ʔuku ʔukku West Hausa fuɗu bijar ʃida ʃidda West Hausa bakwai takwas tara ɡoːma A A 2 Bole Bele mooɗi bolo kunu foɗɗo baaɗi baccimooɗi baawulo ɓooruɗo 2 x 4 ɓoowuno bimbaɗi A A 2 Bole Karekare Karekare waɗi beːlu kuːnuː feːɗu baːɗu bacoːɗi 5 1 bacibeːlu 5 2 fifeːɗu 2 x 4 ɓannu mbaɗ A A 2 Bole Bole Proper Bole mooɗi bolau kunum poɗɗo baɗi bassimooɗi baawulo poorɗo 2 x 4 ɓoonum bimbaɗi A A 2 Bole Bole Proper Bure Bubure moɗe malo kunu ʄoɗo baɗe basume basumalo 5 2 ʄorʄoɗo 2 x 4 ɓardzimoɗe 10 1 barbaɗe A A 2 Bole Bole Proper Galambu muuri m baal kuun parya boori bɪ cimɪ n bucu m bal 5 2 horro barya muuri 10 1 bar A A 2 Bole Bole Proper Gera mooyi mbulu kunu fuɗu baaɗi beeshim biccimbulu 5 2 hurɗu ɓaninja barija barɗi barr A A 2 Bole Bole Proper Geruma mo mon m baalu mbaaluŋ kunu kunuŋ fuɗu huɗuŋ baaɗi baali bece m baze mbaalu 5 2 hurɗu urɗuŋ ɓar ja ɓaraɗi ɓarari A A 2 Bole Bole Proper Kholok Widala ɗok pelow bunum peerow faat faar fooromini paalilaw birbirow pirpirow komboy ɓummo A A 2 Bole Bole Proper Kirfi Giiwo mooɗi mbalu kunu faɗau booɗ biccuuni bicimbalu 5 2 forfaɗo 2 x 4 bar ja mooɗi 10 1 pata A A 2 Bole Bole Proper Maaka mōɗi bollu kuǹ paɗɗu ba binkinu nɡa nu or bakwai lt Hausa jilai kwalak bimba A A 2 Bole Bole Proper Ngamo moɗi bolo kunu hɔ ɗo bat baʔaʃimoɗi 5 1 babilo 5 2 hɔɔrɗo 2 x 4 ɓonu bimbaɗ 2 x 5 A A 2 Bole Bole Proper Nyam mɔ dɔ fulluk kunuŋ hɔ duk hwat farme faro fulluk 5 2 huru ɡuduk 2 x 4 laɡo mɔ dɔ 10 1 kuumo litː kumo ear A A 2 Tangale Dera Dera Kanakuru ɗuwey rap kunu paraw bat byeme bwela torimen wanɗumwe 10 1 ɡum A A 2 Tangale Tangale Proper Kupto Kutto ɗekkire falaw palaw kunuŋ faɗaw paɗaw faat paat fayɗin payɗin faylaw paylaw farfiɗow lebiɗa komo A A 2 Tangale Tangale Proper Kushi ɗok pe llow taat peerow fwat fuwat faraɡbanaŋ farlow pidiɗow fɔ jeraw kpemu A A 2 Tangale Tangale Proper Kwaami mundi pollow follow kunum poɗow foɗow paaɗi faaɗi payindi fayindi 5 1 popillow fofillow 5 2 powurɗow fowurɗow 2 x 4 lambaɗa kumo A A 2 Tangale Tangale Proper Pero Pipero ɗok below ɡ bonoŋ beeɗow puat fwat pattira mundi pattira below bididow kompoy komvoy ko k pummo A A 2 Tangale Tangale Proper Piya mundi peelow ɡbunum peeɗow faat patira mundi 5 1 patira peelow 5 2 pedipiɗow 2 x 4 komboy kummo A A 2 Tangale Tangale Proper Po Tangale 1 dɔk rap kunuŋ padao fuwat paindi pelau papada 2 x 4 lambuda ɡ bɔmɔ A A 2 Tangale Tangale Proper Tangale Shongom 2 dɔ k rap kunuŋ sɛ rɛɪ pʊ wad payɪ nɗɪ peelou parpaɗa 2 x 4 lamɓɗa ɡ bɔ mɔ A A 3 Angas Proper 1 Angas Ngas ɡak bap kʷan fir pɛ t pimi 5 1 pobap 5 2 pokʷun 5 3 pofar 5 4 sar A A 3 Angas Proper 1 Kofyar me vel kun feer paat peme 5 1 poɡovel 5 2 poɡokun 5 3 poɡofar 5 4 sar A A 3 Angas Proper 1 Miship Chip 1 keme vel kun feer baat pemee 5 1 pokvel 5 2 pokkun 5 3 pokfaar 5 4 sar A A 3 Angas Proper 1 Miship Chip 2 me vɨl kun fɛr paat pemɛ 5 1 pɔ ɡɔ vɨl 5 2 pɔ ɡɔ kun 5 3 pɔ ɡɔ far 5 4 se r A A 3 Angas Proper 1 Cakfem Mushere kume vel kun feer paat peemee 5 1 feermeekum 4 3 feertiit 4 x 2 paatmeefeer 5 4 kakapaat 5 x 2 A A 3 Angas Proper 1 Mwaghavul Mupun Sura me ndoŋ ve l kun feer paat peeme 5 1 pove l 5 2 pokun 5 3 pofeer 5 4 kaapat ve l 5 x 2 A A 3 Angas Proper 2 Goemai Ankwe mee ɡe mee ve l kun fe r pʰa t pʰe me 5 1 pʰe ve l 5 2 pʰukun 5 3 pʰe far 5 4 sar A A 3 Angas Proper 2 Tal mɛ nɛ vɨ ɛ l kun fɛi paːt pɨ mɛ mɛ fɛ imɛ kuːn paːfɛ i mɛ ːpaː sar A A 4 Ron Proper Ron Daffo ɗaŋɡat fu l fu lal yuhun puʔ hara mako ŋ melo k mafwaraʔ yelam hure B B 1 Duwai Duwai ɡuɗiyo ʃiri ko fe ɗu va ɗ e jde ɡerma se ve se ri tle ve se ri e jldaako wa riya ɡuuma B B 1 Bade Proper Bade ɡaɗi seren kwan feɗu vaɗi e zdu ɡatkasa ɬedaakwa waraya ɡuuma B B 1 Bade Proper Ngizim ke ɗe n counting ɡayi enumat ʃirin kwan fe ɗu vaaɗ ze du ɡatkasa dandafe ɗu 2 x 4 kuɗkuvda ɡuma B B 2 Dira Diri num rɔp mɪyaxken wupsɛ nemtem mukke ŋyɪniŋɡi wuzupse 2 x 4 vwanum 10 1 kwuɬ B B 2 Miya wute tse r kidi fe ɗe vaaɬe maaha 5 1 maatse r 5 2 fe rfeɗe 2 x 4 kuciya de rɓitim B B 3 Dass of Dott ne m rwap maaɣi wuupsi namtam maamaɣ muumaɣ wusurmaɣe wusupsi 2 x 4 nature psi natare psi zup B B 3 Boghom Boghom nyim ɓaap pa p ɡbwaap moi mupsi ndauni ndooni maak nyaŋɡi ɓoopsi ʔaamsoyim 10 1 ŋemas wuur nyim B B 3 Boghom Mangas nim ɓiin mween upsi tuun maɣa nyiŋɡi ɡaamzi kurumsa zup B B 3 Eastern Jimi nintoo rwa mwaikan mwenkan ihyu namtaŋ namtam maakoo inkoo ɡuhyu 2 x 4 ke skenintoo ke ze ke ninto 10 1 ndeɓoo ɗubo B B 3 Guruntum Guruntum ʃaak raap miyaŋ ooso kʸuwun moon nʸeene ɡeesau ɗaar zup B B 3 Guruntum Zangwal Zangur ne m kwaap maya wuusu namtam maaɡa nyiniɡi ʔaasuʔaasu 2 x 4 aate ne n sup B B 3 Zaar Proper Geji Gyazi 1 ne m lop mekan wupsi namtan mukka nitɡi wusupsi 2 x 4 topsi kuɬ B B 3 Zaar Proper Geji Gezawa 2 nɨ m lop meken wupsi ne mteŋ mukke nininɡi wusupsi 2 x 4 ne topsi kuɬ B B 3 Zaar Proper Polci Palci nɨ m rǒp miyen wupsɨ ne mtem maɣa wusɨ rmiyen 4 3 wɨsɨpsɨ 2 x 4 natoropsɨ zup B B 3 Zaar Proper Saya nambe ŋ mbe ɬiŋ maajii wupse nande m liim watse mai tantan tɔ knande m zupReferences edit Blench Roger 2006 The Afro Asiatic Languages Classification and Reference List ms Blench Roger 2019 Jakato an undocumented language of Central Nigeria a b Blench Roger 2017 Current research on the A3 West Chadic languages Blench Roger Comparative Ron wordlist Blench Roger 2012 Linguistic and cultural background to the North Bauchi region and the Wiihe people Starostin George 2010 Afroasiatic classification preliminary results of the modified glottochronological test Manuscript a b Blazek Vaclav 2018 The numerals of West Chadic Topics in Chadic Linguistics IX Papers from the 8th Biennial International Colloquium on the Chadic Languages Bayreuth February 4 5 2016 Blench Roger 2021 The erosion of number marking in West Chadic Roger Blench WOCAL Leiden a b Blench Roger 2019 An Atlas of Nigerian Languages 4th ed Cambridge Kay Williamson Educational Foundation a b Blench Roger 2022 Contact between West Chadic and Plateau languages new evidence languages new evidence 11 12 November 2022 presentation given at Universitat Wien Chan Eugene 2019 The Afro Asiatic Language Phylum Numeral Systems of the World s Languages External links editThe Yobe Languages Research Project by the late Russell G Schuh of UCLA West Chadic resources Archived 2011 05 24 at the Wayback Machine at africanlanguages org Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title West Chadic languages amp oldid 1206622117, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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