fbpx
Wikipedia

Bacha bazi

January 20, 2023

Bacha bāzī (Persian: بچه بازی, lit. "boy play";[1] from بچه bacheh, "boy", and بازی bazi "play, game") is a slang term used in Afghanistan[2][3] for a custom in Afghanistan involving child sexual abuse by older men of young adolescent males or boys, called dancing boys, often involving sexual slavery and child prostitution.[4] Though outlawed, bacha bazi is still practiced in certain regions of Afghanistan.[5][6][3] Force and coercion are common, and security officials state they are unable to end such practices and that many of the men involved in bacha bazi are powerful and well-armed warlords.[7][8][9]

During the Afghan Civil War (1996–2001), bacha bazi carried the death penalty under Taliban law.[10] Under the post-Taliban government, the practice of dancing boys was illegal under Afghan law, but the laws were seldom enforced against powerful offenders, and police had reportedly been complicit in related crimes.[11][12] Despite international concern and its illegality, the practice continued under the post-Taliban government.[13][14]

A controversy arose after allegations surfaced that U.S. government forces in Afghanistan after the invasion of the country deliberately ignored bacha bazi.[15] The U.S. military responded by claiming the abuse was largely the responsibility of the "local Afghan government".[16]

History

Bacha bazi is a centuries-old practice.[13] One of the original factors mobilizing the rise of the Taliban was their opposition to the practice.[6] After the Taliban came to power in 1996, bacha bazi was banned along with homosexuality. The Taliban considered it incompatible with Sharia law.[17] Both bacha bazi and homosexuality carried the death penalty,[10] with the boys sometimes being charged rather than the perpetrators.[17] Often, boys are selected because they are poor and vulnerable.[5] Men who have been bacha boys face social stigma and struggle with the psychological effects of their abuse.[13]

In 2011, in an agreement between the United Nations and Afghanistan, Radhika Coomaraswamy and Afghan officials signed an action plan promising to end the practice, along with enforcing other protections for children.[18] In 2014, Suraya Subhrang, child rights commissioner at the Afghanistan Independent Human Rights Commission, stated that the areas practicing bacha bazi had increased.[17]

Modern examples

Clover Films and Afghan journalist Najibullah Quraishi made a documentary film titled The Dancing Boys of Afghanistan about the practice, which was shown in the UK in March 2010[19] and aired in the US the following month.[20] Journalist Nicholas Graham of The Huffington Post lauded the documentary as "both fascinating and horrifying".[21] The film won the 2011 Documentary award in the Amnesty International UK Media Awards.[22]

The practice of bacha bazi prompted the United States Department of Defense to hire social scientist AnnaMaria Cardinalli to investigate the problem, as ISAF soldiers on patrol often passed older men walking hand-in-hand with young boys. Coalition soldiers often found that young Afghan men were trying to "touch and fondle them", which the soldiers did not understand.[23]

In December 2010, a cable made public by WikiLeaks revealed that foreign contractors from DynCorp had spent money on bacha bazi in northern Afghanistan. Afghan Interior Minister Mohammad Hanif Atmar requested that the U.S. military assume control over DynCorp training centres in response, but the U.S. embassy claimed that this was not "legally possible under the DynCorp contract".[24]

In 2011, an Afghan mother in the Konduz province reported that her 12-year-old son had been chained to a bed and raped for two weeks by an Afghan Local Police (ALP) commander named Abdul Rahman. When confronted, Rahman laughed and confessed. He was subsequently severely beaten by two U.S. Special Forces soldiers and thrown off the base.[25] The soldiers were involuntarily separated from the military, but later reinstated after a lengthy legal case.[26] As a direct result of this incident, legislation was created called the "Mandating America's Responsibility to Limit Abuse, Negligence and Depravity", or "Martland Act" named after Special Forces Sgt. 1st Class Charles Martland.[27]

In December 2012, a teenage victim of sexual exploitation and abuse by a commander of the Afghan Border Police killed eight guards. He made a drugged meal for the guards and then, with the help of two friends, attacked them, after which they fled to neighbouring Pakistan.[28]

In a 2013 documentary by Vice Media titled This Is What Winning Looks Like, British independent film-maker Ben Anderson describes the systematic kidnapping, sexual enslavement and murder of young men and boys by local security forces in the Afghan city of Sangin. The film depicts several scenes of Anderson along with American military personnel describing how difficult it is to work with the Afghan police considering the blatant molestation and rape of local youth. The documentary also contains footage of an American military advisor confronting the then-acting police chief on the abuse after a young boy is shot in the leg after trying to escape a police barracks. When the Marine suggests that the barracks be searched for children, and that any policeman found to be engaged in pedophilia be arrested and jailed, the high-ranking officer insists what occurs between the security forces and the boys is consensual, saying "[the boys] like being there and giving their asses at night". He went on to claim that this practice was historic and necessary, rhetorically asking: "If [my commanders] don't fuck the asses of those boys, what should they fuck? The pussies of their own grandmothers?"[29]

In 2015, The New York Times reported that U.S. soldiers serving in Afghanistan were instructed by their commanders to ignore child sexual abuse being carried out by Afghan security forces, except "when rape is being used as a weapon of war". American soldiers have been instructed not to intervene—in some cases, not even when their Afghan allies have abused boys on military bases, according to interviews and court records. But the U.S. soldiers have been increasingly troubled that instead of weeding out pedophiles, the U.S. military was arming them against the Taliban and placing them as the police commanders of villages—and doing little when they began abusing children.[15][30]

According to a report published in June 2017 by the Special Inspector General for Afghanistan Reconstruction, the DOD had received 5,753 vetting requests of Afghan security forces, some of which related to sexual abuse. The DOD was investigating 75 reports of gross human rights violations, including 7 involving child sexual assault.[31] According to The New York Times, discussing that report, American law required military aid to be cut off to the offending unit, but that never happened. US Special Forces officer, Capt. Dan Quinn, was relieved of his command in Afghanistan after fighting an Afghan militia commander who had been responsible for keeping a boy as a sex slave.[1]

In fiction

The musical The Boy Who Danced on Air by Rosser & Sohne premiered off-off-Broadway in 2017.[32] Inspired by The Dancing Boys of Afghanistan documentary,[33] it follows Paiman, a bacha bazi who is growing older and will be released from slavery soon. He meets Feda, a fellow bacha bazi, and the two consider running away as they fall in love. In the background, Paiman and Feda's masters, Jahander and Zemar, reckon with America's influence on Afghanistan's society.

The production received positive to mixed reviews. Jesse Green, writing for The New York Times, said the work "[took] the challenge of difficult source material too far... The ick factor here is dangerously high, a problem that the production... labors hard to mitigate through aesthetics," and appreciated the romance but wished it had not attempted "a stab at political relevance."[33] Jonathan Mandell, writing for New York Theater, said that the Jahander subplot was "one of the ways [Rosser and Sohne] are trying to compensate for their Western perspective and the show's focus on the fictional romance. But their efforts at filling in the background don't strike me as sufficient."[34] TheaterMania's review called it "both emotionally and intellectually stirring. Anyone who cares about the future of the American musical should run out and see it now—as should anyone who cares about the country in which the United States is presently fighting the longest war in our history."[32]

After an online stream of the original production was released in July 2020,[35] the work received significant backlash from Afghans,[36] particularly LGBT Afghans, who perceived it as romanticizing child sexual abuse and criticized the white American writers for orientalism and misrepresenting bacha bazi as an accepted "tradition" in Afghanistan. The backlash led many to apologize for their involvement with the production and stream; the stream was removed ahead of schedule. After consulting with members of the Afghan community, creators Tim Rosser and Charlie Sohne acknowledged in a statement that "no Afghan voices were empowered in the creation of the show," and chose to end all distribution of the music and donate previous proceeds to Afghan charities.[37]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b Nordland, Rod (January 23, 2018). "Afghan Pedophiles Get Free Pass From U.S. Military, Report Says". The New York Times. Retrieved January 23, 2018.
  2. ^ Hassan, Farzana (11 January 2018). "HASSAN: Pakistan needs to do soul-searching over sexual abuse". Toronto Sun.
  3. ^ a b Wijngaarden, Jan Willem de Lind van (October 2011). "Male adolescent concubinage in Peshawar, Northwestern Pakistan". Culture, Health & Sexuality. Taylor & Francis, Ltd. 13 (9): 1061–1072. doi:10.1080/13691058.2011.599863. JSTOR 23047511. PMID 21815728. S2CID 5058030. Retrieved 26 December 2020.
  4. ^ "Boys in Afghanistan Sold Into Prostitution, Sexual Slavery", Digital Journal, Nov 20, 2007
  5. ^ a b Qobil, Rustam (September 7, 2010). "The sexually abused dancing boys of Afghanistan". BBC News. Retrieved 9 May 2016. I'm at a wedding party in a remote village in northern Afghanistan.
  6. ^ a b Mondloch, Chris (Oct 28, 2013). "Bacha Bazi: An Afghan Tragedy". Foreign Policy Magazine. Retrieved Apr 23, 2015.
  7. ^ . ec2-107-21-207-21.compute-1.amazonaws.com. Archived from the original on 2014-12-14.
  8. ^ Roshni Kapur, The Diplomat. "Bacha Bazi: The Tragedy of Afghanistan's Dancing Boys". The Diplomat.
  9. ^ "Afghan boy dancers sexually abused by former warlords". Reuters. 2007-11-18. Retrieved April 30, 2015.
  10. ^ a b "Bacha bazi: Afghanistan's darkest secret". Human Rights and discrimination. Retrieved 2019-05-01.
  11. ^ Quraishi, Najibullah Uncovering the world of "bacha bazi" at The New York Times April 20, 2010
  12. ^ Bannerman, Mark The Warlord's Tune: Afghanistan's war on children at Australian Broadcasting Corporation February 22, 2010
  13. ^ a b c "Bacha bazi: the scandal of Afghanistan's abused boys". The Week. 29 January 2020. Retrieved 16 April 2020.
  14. ^ "Afghanistan must end the practice of bacha bazi, the sexual abuse of boys". European Interest. 25 December 2019. Retrieved 16 April 2020.
  15. ^ a b Goldstein, Joseph (2015-09-20). "U.S. Soldiers Told to Ignore Sexual Abuse of Boys by Afghan Allies". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2018-01-24.
  16. ^ Londoño, Ernesto. "Afghanistan sees rise in 'dancing boys' exploitation". Washington Post. Retrieved 24 September 2015.
  17. ^ a b c Arni Snaevarr (March 19, 2014). . United Nations Regional Information Centre for Western Europe (UNRIC). Archived from the original on April 8, 2019.
  18. ^ "New UN-Afghan pact will help curb recruitment, sexual abuse of children – UN". UN News. 3 February 2011. Retrieved March 12, 2021.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  19. ^ "True Stories: The Dancing Boys of Afghanistan" 2010-08-31 at the Wayback Machine, 29 March 2010
  20. ^ "The Dancing Boys of Afghanistan", PBS Frontline TV documentary, April 20, 2010.
  21. ^ Graham, Nicholas (April 22, 2010). "'Dancing Boys Of Afghanistan': Bacha Bazi Documentary Exposes Horrific Sexual Abuse Of Young Afghan Boys (VIDEO)". The Huffington Post. Retrieved July 3, 2010.
  22. ^ . Amnesty International UK (AIUK). May 24, 2011. Archived from the original on September 3, 2012. Retrieved January 10, 2013.
  23. ^ Brinkley, Joel (29 August 2010). "Afghanistan's dirty little secret". Retrieved 9 May 2016.
  24. ^ Boone, Jon (December 2, 2010). "Foreign contractors hired Afghan 'dancing boys', WikiLeaks cable reveals". The Guardian. London.
  25. ^ Jahner, Kyle (30 September 2015). "'One of the best': Defenders show support for ousted Green Beret". Retrieved 9 May 2016.
  26. ^ Mark, David (28 September 2015). "Green Beret who beat Afghan official over alleged child assault to stay in Army". CNN. Retrieved 9 May 2016.
  27. ^ Jahner, Kyle (2 March 2016). "'Martland Act' would empower U.S. troops to block sexual abuse on foreign soil". Retrieved 9 May 2016.
  28. ^ "Betrayed while asleep, Afghan police die at hands of their countrymen". The New York Times, December 27, 2012.
  29. ^ "This Is What Victory Looks Like". Vice, May 6, 2013
  30. ^ The Editorial Board (2015-09-21). "Ignoring Sexual Abuse in Afghanistan". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2018-01-24.
  31. ^ "Child Sexual Assault in Afghanistan:Implementation of the Leahy Laws and Reports of Assault by Afghan Security Forces" (PDF). Special Inspector General for Afghanistan Reconstruction. June 2017.
  32. ^ a b Stewart, Zachary (May 25, 2017). "The Boy Who Danced on Air". TheaterMania.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  33. ^ a b Green, Jesse (May 25, 2017). "Review: Tackling a Major Taboo in 'The Boy Who Danced on Air'". The New York Times. Retrieved January 22, 2021.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  34. ^ Mandell, Jonathan (May 28, 2017). "The Boy Who Danced on Air Review: Afghan Slaves in Homoerotic Musical". New York Theater. Retrieved January 22, 2021.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  35. ^ BWW News Desk (June 22, 2020). "Diversionary Announces Online Stream Of THE BOY WHO DANCED ON AIR". Broadway World. Retrieved January 22, 2021.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  36. ^ "AFGHAN DIASPORA ORGANIZATIONS AND MEMBERS CONDEMN RACIST MUSICAL". Afghan Diaspora For Equality & Progress. July 16, 2020. Retrieved January 22, 2021.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  37. ^ Haidare, Sodaba (August 11, 2020). "'Bacha bazi' outrage after pandemic takes play to the small screen". BBC News. Retrieved January 22, 2021.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)

Further reading

  • Abdi, Ali (2022). "Bachah-bāzī: A Socio-Erotic Tradition". Afghanistan. 5 (2): 153–171. doi:10.3366/afg.2022.0091.
  • Abdi, Ali (2022). "The Afghan Bachah and its Discontents: An Introductory History". Iranian Studies: 1–20. doi:10.1017/irn.2022.42. S2CID 250567083.

External links

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Bacha bazi.
  • Joseph Goldstein, U.S. Soldiers Told to Ignore Afghan Allies' Abuse of Boys, The New York Times (September 2015)
  • Confessions of an Afghan Boy Sex Slave, Newsweek (May 2015)
  • , Hagar International (April 2014)
  • Kandahar Journal; Shh, It's an Open Secret: Warlords and Pedophilia, The New York Times (February 2002)
  • This is What Winning Looks Like
  • PBS Frontline: The Dancing Boys of Afghanistan
  • "The Documentary: Afghanistan's Dancing Boys". BBC World Service. March 23, 2011.

January 20, 2023
bacha, bazi, bacha, bāzī, persian, بچه, بازی, play, from, بچه, bacheh, بازی, bazi, play, game, slang, term, used, afghanistan, custom, afghanistan, involving, child, sexual, abuse, older, young, adolescent, males, boys, called, dancing, boys, often, involving,. Bacha bazi Persian بچه بازی lit boy play 1 from بچه bacheh boy and بازی bazi play game is a slang term used in Afghanistan 2 3 for a custom in Afghanistan involving child sexual abuse by older men of young adolescent males or boys called dancing boys often involving sexual slavery and child prostitution 4 Though outlawed bacha bazi is still practiced in certain regions of Afghanistan 5 6 3 Force and coercion are common and security officials state they are unable to end such practices and that many of the men involved in bacha bazi are powerful and well armed warlords 7 8 9 During the Afghan Civil War 1996 2001 bacha bazi carried the death penalty under Taliban law 10 Under the post Taliban government the practice of dancing boys was illegal under Afghan law but the laws were seldom enforced against powerful offenders and police had reportedly been complicit in related crimes 11 12 Despite international concern and its illegality the practice continued under the post Taliban government 13 14 A controversy arose after allegations surfaced that U S government forces in Afghanistan after the invasion of the country deliberately ignored bacha bazi 15 The U S military responded by claiming the abuse was largely the responsibility of the local Afghan government 16 Contents 1 History 2 Modern examples 3 In fiction 4 See also 5 References 6 Further reading 7 External linksHistoryBacha bazi is a centuries old practice 13 One of the original factors mobilizing the rise of the Taliban was their opposition to the practice 6 After the Taliban came to power in 1996 bacha bazi was banned along with homosexuality The Taliban considered it incompatible with Sharia law 17 Both bacha bazi and homosexuality carried the death penalty 10 with the boys sometimes being charged rather than the perpetrators 17 Often boys are selected because they are poor and vulnerable 5 Men who have been bacha boys face social stigma and struggle with the psychological effects of their abuse 13 In 2011 in an agreement between the United Nations and Afghanistan Radhika Coomaraswamy and Afghan officials signed an action plan promising to end the practice along with enforcing other protections for children 18 In 2014 Suraya Subhrang child rights commissioner at the Afghanistan Independent Human Rights Commission stated that the areas practicing bacha bazi had increased 17 Modern examplesClover Films and Afghan journalist Najibullah Quraishi made a documentary film titled The Dancing Boys of Afghanistan about the practice which was shown in the UK in March 2010 19 and aired in the US the following month 20 Journalist Nicholas Graham of The Huffington Post lauded the documentary as both fascinating and horrifying 21 The film won the 2011 Documentary award in the Amnesty International UK Media Awards 22 The practice of bacha bazi prompted the United States Department of Defense to hire social scientist AnnaMaria Cardinalli to investigate the problem as ISAF soldiers on patrol often passed older men walking hand in hand with young boys Coalition soldiers often found that young Afghan men were trying to touch and fondle them which the soldiers did not understand 23 In December 2010 a cable made public by WikiLeaks revealed that foreign contractors from DynCorp had spent money on bacha bazi in northern Afghanistan Afghan Interior Minister Mohammad Hanif Atmar requested that the U S military assume control over DynCorp training centres in response but the U S embassy claimed that this was not legally possible under the DynCorp contract 24 In 2011 an Afghan mother in the Konduz province reported that her 12 year old son had been chained to a bed and raped for two weeks by an Afghan Local Police ALP commander named Abdul Rahman When confronted Rahman laughed and confessed He was subsequently severely beaten by two U S Special Forces soldiers and thrown off the base 25 The soldiers were involuntarily separated from the military but later reinstated after a lengthy legal case 26 As a direct result of this incident legislation was created called the Mandating America s Responsibility to Limit Abuse Negligence and Depravity or Martland Act named after Special Forces Sgt 1st Class Charles Martland 27 In December 2012 a teenage victim of sexual exploitation and abuse by a commander of the Afghan Border Police killed eight guards He made a drugged meal for the guards and then with the help of two friends attacked them after which they fled to neighbouring Pakistan 28 In a 2013 documentary by Vice Media titled This Is What Winning Looks Like British independent film maker Ben Anderson describes the systematic kidnapping sexual enslavement and murder of young men and boys by local security forces in the Afghan city of Sangin The film depicts several scenes of Anderson along with American military personnel describing how difficult it is to work with the Afghan police considering the blatant molestation and rape of local youth The documentary also contains footage of an American military advisor confronting the then acting police chief on the abuse after a young boy is shot in the leg after trying to escape a police barracks When the Marine suggests that the barracks be searched for children and that any policeman found to be engaged in pedophilia be arrested and jailed the high ranking officer insists what occurs between the security forces and the boys is consensual saying the boys like being there and giving their asses at night He went on to claim that this practice was historic and necessary rhetorically asking If my commanders don t fuck the asses of those boys what should they fuck The pussies of their own grandmothers 29 In 2015 The New York Times reported that U S soldiers serving in Afghanistan were instructed by their commanders to ignore child sexual abuse being carried out by Afghan security forces except when rape is being used as a weapon of war American soldiers have been instructed not to intervene in some cases not even when their Afghan allies have abused boys on military bases according to interviews and court records But the U S soldiers have been increasingly troubled that instead of weeding out pedophiles the U S military was arming them against the Taliban and placing them as the police commanders of villages and doing little when they began abusing children 15 30 According to a report published in June 2017 by the Special Inspector General for Afghanistan Reconstruction the DOD had received 5 753 vetting requests of Afghan security forces some of which related to sexual abuse The DOD was investigating 75 reports of gross human rights violations including 7 involving child sexual assault 31 According to The New York Times discussing that report American law required military aid to be cut off to the offending unit but that never happened US Special Forces officer Capt Dan Quinn was relieved of his command in Afghanistan after fighting an Afghan militia commander who had been responsible for keeping a boy as a sex slave 1 In fictionThe musical The Boy Who Danced on Air by Rosser amp Sohne premiered off off Broadway in 2017 32 Inspired by The Dancing Boys of Afghanistan documentary 33 it follows Paiman a bacha bazi who is growing older and will be released from slavery soon He meets Feda a fellow bacha bazi and the two consider running away as they fall in love In the background Paiman and Feda s masters Jahander and Zemar reckon with America s influence on Afghanistan s society The production received positive to mixed reviews Jesse Green writing for The New York Times said the work took the challenge of difficult source material too far The ick factor here is dangerously high a problem that the production labors hard to mitigate through aesthetics and appreciated the romance but wished it had not attempted a stab at political relevance 33 Jonathan Mandell writing for New York Theater said that the Jahander subplot was one of the ways Rosser and Sohne are trying to compensate for their Western perspective and the show s focus on the fictional romance But their efforts at filling in the background don t strike me as sufficient 34 TheaterMania s review called it both emotionally and intellectually stirring Anyone who cares about the future of the American musical should run out and see it now as should anyone who cares about the country in which the United States is presently fighting the longest war in our history 32 After an online stream of the original production was released in July 2020 35 the work received significant backlash from Afghans 36 particularly LGBT Afghans who perceived it as romanticizing child sexual abuse and criticized the white American writers for orientalism and misrepresenting bacha bazi as an accepted tradition in Afghanistan The backlash led many to apologize for their involvement with the production and stream the stream was removed ahead of schedule After consulting with members of the Afghan community creators Tim Rosser and Charlie Sohne acknowledged in a statement that no Afghan voices were empowered in the creation of the show and chose to end all distribution of the music and donate previous proceeds to Afghan charities 37 See also Afghanistan portal Pakistan portalChild sexual abuse Human rights in Afghanistan Bacha posh cross dressing a daughter as a boy for increased social freedom in Afghanistan The Dancing Boys of Afghanistan 2010 documentary Khawal cross dressed male dancers in pre 20th century Egypt Kocek cross dressed male dancers in Ottoman Turkey Ubayd Zakani a 14th century Persian poetReferences a b Nordland Rod January 23 2018 Afghan Pedophiles Get Free Pass From U S Military Report Says The New York Times Retrieved January 23 2018 Hassan Farzana 11 January 2018 HASSAN Pakistan needs to do soul searching over sexual abuse Toronto Sun a b Wijngaarden Jan Willem de Lind van October 2011 Male adolescent concubinage in Peshawar Northwestern Pakistan Culture Health amp Sexuality Taylor amp Francis Ltd 13 9 1061 1072 doi 10 1080 13691058 2011 599863 JSTOR 23047511 PMID 21815728 S2CID 5058030 Retrieved 26 December 2020 Boys in Afghanistan Sold Into Prostitution Sexual Slavery Digital Journal Nov 20 2007 a b Qobil Rustam September 7 2010 The sexually abused dancing boys of Afghanistan BBC News Retrieved 9 May 2016 I m at a wedding party in a remote village in northern Afghanistan a b Mondloch Chris Oct 28 2013 Bacha Bazi An Afghan Tragedy Foreign Policy Magazine Retrieved Apr 23 2015 Transcript ec2 107 21 207 21 compute 1 amazonaws com Archived from the original on 2014 12 14 Roshni Kapur The Diplomat Bacha Bazi The Tragedy of Afghanistan s Dancing Boys The Diplomat Afghan boy dancers sexually abused by former warlords Reuters 2007 11 18 Retrieved April 30 2015 a b Bacha bazi Afghanistan s darkest secret Human Rights and discrimination Retrieved 2019 05 01 Quraishi Najibullah Uncovering the world of bacha bazi at The New York Times April 20 2010 Bannerman Mark The Warlord s Tune Afghanistan s war on children at Australian Broadcasting Corporation February 22 2010 a b c Bacha bazi the scandal of Afghanistan s abused boys The Week 29 January 2020 Retrieved 16 April 2020 Afghanistan must end the practice of bacha bazi the sexual abuse of boys European Interest 25 December 2019 Retrieved 16 April 2020 a b Goldstein Joseph 2015 09 20 U S Soldiers Told to Ignore Sexual Abuse of Boys by Afghan Allies The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved 2018 01 24 Londono Ernesto Afghanistan sees rise in dancing boys exploitation Washington Post Retrieved 24 September 2015 a b c Arni Snaevarr March 19 2014 The dancing boys of Afghanistan United Nations Regional Information Centre for Western Europe UNRIC Archived from the original on April 8 2019 New UN Afghan pact will help curb recruitment sexual abuse of children UN UN News 3 February 2011 Retrieved March 12 2021 a href Template Cite news html title Template Cite news cite news a CS1 maint url status link True Stories The Dancing Boys of Afghanistan Archived 2010 08 31 at the Wayback Machine 29 March 2010 The Dancing Boys of Afghanistan PBS Frontline TV documentary April 20 2010 Graham Nicholas April 22 2010 Dancing Boys Of Afghanistan Bacha Bazi Documentary Exposes Horrific Sexual Abuse Of Young Afghan Boys VIDEO The Huffington Post Retrieved July 3 2010 Amnesty announces 2011 Media Awards winners Amnesty International UK AIUK May 24 2011 Archived from the original on September 3 2012 Retrieved January 10 2013 Brinkley Joel 29 August 2010 Afghanistan s dirty little secret Retrieved 9 May 2016 Boone Jon December 2 2010 Foreign contractors hired Afghan dancing boys WikiLeaks cable reveals The Guardian London Jahner Kyle 30 September 2015 One of the best Defenders show support for ousted Green Beret Retrieved 9 May 2016 Mark David 28 September 2015 Green Beret who beat Afghan official over alleged child assault to stay in Army CNN Retrieved 9 May 2016 Jahner Kyle 2 March 2016 Martland Act would empower U S troops to block sexual abuse on foreign soil Retrieved 9 May 2016 Betrayed while asleep Afghan police die at hands of their countrymen The New York Times December 27 2012 This Is What Victory Looks Like Vice May 6 2013 The Editorial Board 2015 09 21 Ignoring Sexual Abuse in Afghanistan The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved 2018 01 24 Child Sexual Assault in Afghanistan Implementation of the Leahy Laws and Reports of Assault by Afghan Security Forces PDF Special Inspector General for Afghanistan Reconstruction June 2017 a b Stewart Zachary May 25 2017 The Boy Who Danced on Air TheaterMania a href Template Cite news html title Template Cite news cite news a CS1 maint url status link a b Green Jesse May 25 2017 Review Tackling a Major Taboo in The Boy Who Danced on Air The New York Times Retrieved January 22 2021 a href Template Cite news html title Template Cite news cite news a CS1 maint url status link Mandell Jonathan May 28 2017 The Boy Who Danced on Air Review Afghan Slaves in Homoerotic Musical New York Theater Retrieved January 22 2021 a href Template Cite news html title Template Cite news cite news a CS1 maint url status link BWW News Desk June 22 2020 Diversionary Announces Online Stream Of THE BOY WHO DANCED ON AIR Broadway World Retrieved January 22 2021 a href Template Cite news html title Template Cite news cite news a CS1 maint url status link AFGHAN DIASPORA ORGANIZATIONS AND MEMBERS CONDEMN RACIST MUSICAL Afghan Diaspora For Equality amp Progress July 16 2020 Retrieved January 22 2021 a href Template Cite news html title Template Cite news cite news a CS1 maint url status link Haidare Sodaba August 11 2020 Bacha bazi outrage after pandemic takes play to the small screen BBC News Retrieved January 22 2021 a href Template Cite news html title Template Cite news cite news a CS1 maint url status link Further readingAbdi Ali 2022 Bachah bazi A Socio Erotic Tradition Afghanistan 5 2 153 171 doi 10 3366 afg 2022 0091 Abdi Ali 2022 The Afghan Bachah and its Discontents An Introductory History Iranian Studies 1 20 doi 10 1017 irn 2022 42 S2CID 250567083 External links Wikimedia Commons has media related to Bacha bazi Joseph Goldstein U S Soldiers Told to Ignore Afghan Allies Abuse of Boys The New York Times September 2015 Confessions of an Afghan Boy Sex Slave Newsweek May 2015 Forgotten No More Male Child Trafficking in Afghanistan Hagar International April 2014 Kandahar Journal Shh It s an Open Secret Warlords and Pedophilia The New York Times February 2002 This is What Winning Looks Like PBS Frontline The Dancing Boys of Afghanistan The Documentary Afghanistan s Dancing Boys BBC World Service March 23 2011 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Bacha bazi amp oldid 1130402682, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

article

, read, download, free, free download, mp3, video, mp4, 3gp, jpg, jpeg, gif, png, picture, music, song, movie, book, game, games.