B. D. Jatti
Basappa Danappa Jatti (pronunciation (help·info)) (10 September 1912 – 7 June 2002)[2] was the fifth vice president of India, serving from 1974 to 1979. He was acting President of India from 11 February to 25 July 1977.He also served as the Chief Minister of Karnataka.[3] Jatti rose from a being a Municipality member to India's second-highest office during a five-decade-long chequered political career.
B. D. Jatti | |
|---|---|
| President of India Acting | |
| In office 11 February 1977 – 25 July 1977 | |
| Prime Minister | Indira Gandhi Morarji Desai |
| Preceded by | Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed |
| Succeeded by | Neelam Sanjiva Reddy |
| 5th Vice President of India | |
| In office 31 August 1974 – 30 August 1979 | |
| President | Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed Neelam Sanjiva Reddy |
| Prime Minister | Indira Gandhi Morarji Desai Charan Singh |
| Preceded by | Gopal Swarup Pathak |
| Succeeded by | Mohammad Hidayatullah |
| 9th Governor of Odisha | |
| In office 8 November 1972 – 20 August 1974 | |
| Chief Minister | Nandini Satpathy |
| Preceded by | Gatikrishna Mishra |
| Succeeded by | Gatikrishna Mishra |
| Lieutenant Governor of Pondicherry | |
| In office 14 October 1968 – 7 November 1975 | |
| Chief Minister | Hasan Farook |
| Preceded by | Sayaji Laxman Silam |
| Succeeded by | Chhedilal |
| Chief Minister of Mysore State | |
| In office 16 May 1958 – 9 March 1962 | |
| Preceded by | Siddavanahalli Nijalingappa |
| Succeeded by | S. R. Kanthi |
| Member of the Legislative Assembly, Karnataka | |
| In office 26 March 1952 – 12 October 1968 | |
| Preceded by | Constituency Established |
| Succeeded by | S. M. Athani[1] |
| Constituency | Jamkhandi |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Basappa Danappa Jatti 10 September 1912 Savalagi, Jamakhandi, Bombay Presidency, British India (present-day Karnataka, India) |
| Died | 7 June 2002 (aged 89) Bangalore, Karnataka, India (present-day Bengaluru) |
| Political party | Indian National Congress |
| Alma mater | Rajaram College |
Early life
Jatti was born in a Kannada speaking Lingayat family at Savalgi in Jamkhandi Taluk of Bijapur district in present-day Karnataka on 10 September 1912.[4] His parents were Dasappa Jatti and Sangamma. Jatti studied at the Bijapur Government High School and obtained a Bachelor of Arts degree from Rajaram College and a degree in law from the Sykes Law College, Kolhapur.[5] Jatti practiced as a lawyer for a while in Jamkhandi before being elected to the Jamkhandi municipality in 1940 and going on to become its president.[6] He was elected to the Jamakhandi State Legislature, becoming a minister and subsequently its Chief Minister.[6][7]
Early political career
In 1940, he entered politics as a Municipality member at Jamkhandi and subsequently became the President of the Jamkhandi Town Municipality in 1945. Later, he was elected as a member of the Jamkhandi State Legislature and was appointed a minister in the government of the princely state of Jamkhandi. Finally, he became the 'dewan' (Chief Minister) of Jamkhandi state in 1948. As dewan, he maintained cordial relations with the Maharaja, Shankar Rao Patwardhan, and brought about the accession of the small principality to the Indian Union. On 8 March 1948 after Jamkhandi was merged with Bombay state, he returned to legal practice and continued with it for 20 months.[8]
Later, Jatti was nominated as a member of the Bombay State Legislative Assembly to represent the merged area, and within a week of his nomination, he was appointed Parliamentary Secretary to the then Bombay Chief Minister, B. G. Kher. He worked in that capacity for a couple of years. After the 1952 general elections, he was appointed Minister of Health and Labour of the then Bombay Government and held that post till the reorganization of states. His autobiography, 'I'm my own model', is very popular.[9]
Chief minister of Mysore state
Jatti became a member of the Mysore Legislative Assembly after the reorganization and was Chairman of the Land Reforms Committee, which paved the way for the 1961 Mysore Land Reforms Act (which abolished the tenancy system and absentee landlordism). He was the Chief Minister and Kadidal Manjappa was the Revenue Minister when the Bill was adopted. In 1958, when S. Nijalingappa stepped down as Chief Minister of the state, Jatti was elected leader of the party in the face of a stiff challenge from Congress veteran T. Subramanya. He became the Chief Minister of Mysore in 1958 and continued in that office until 1962.[8]
In the assembly election of 1962 to the Mysore Legislative Assembly, Jatti was reelected from Jamkhandi.[10][11] He however was forced to resign as Chief Minister since he did not command the support of a majority of elected legislators of the Congress Party and was succeeded by S. R. Kanthi.[12]
Later political career
Jatti subsequently was Lieutenant Governor of Pondicherry from October, 1968 to November, 1972.[13][14] Jatti was appointed Governor of Orissa in November, 1972.[15] On March 1, 1973 the ruling Congress government led by Nandini Satpathy resigned after it lost its majority in the legislative assembly. Although the leader of the opposition, Biju Patnaik, staked his claim to form the government and demonstrated the support of a majority of legislators, Jatti chose to prorogue the assembly session on the advice of Sathpathy and on March 3, 1973 recommended President’s rule in the state.[16] Jatti, with the aid of advisors administered the state during the period of President’s Rule which continued until Mach, 1974.[17] He resigned as Governor in August, 1974 to contest in the Vice Presidential election of 1974.[18] In the election, Jatti defeated the opposition candidate N.E. Horo winning 521 votes in the electoral college against 141 polled by Horo. Jatti was declared elected on 27 August 1974 and sworn in as the Vice President of India on August 31, 1974.[19][20]
Following the death in office of Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed on February 11, 1977, Jatti was sworn in as the Acting President of India the same day.[21][22] Following the defeat of the Indian National Congress in the General Elections of 1977, Jatti asked Indira Gandhi to continue as caretaker Prime Minister and, on the recommendation of the Cabinet, revoked the Emergency on March 21, 1977.[23][24][25] Jatti swore in Morarji Desai as Prime Minister on March 24, 1977.[26][27] In April, 1977, the new government recommended the dismissal of governments and the dissolution of legislative assemblies in states ruled by the Congress Party. Although Jatti initially hesitated to accept the Cabinet’s recommendation, he agreed to it a day later and dismissed governments in nine states.[28][29][30][a] Jatti was succeeded by Neelam Sanjiva Reddy as President of India on 25 July 1977 following his unopposed election to the presidency in the presidential election of 1977.[34][35][36]
Public offices held
- 1945–48: Minister for Education in the erstwhile princely state of Jamkhandi
- 1948 : Chief Minister (dewan) of Jamkhandi
- 1948–52: Parliamentary Secretary in the B. G. Kher Government in erstwhile Bombay State
- 1953–56: Deputy Minister for Health and Labour in the Morarji Desai Government in Bombay
- 1958–62: Chief Minister of Mysore state
- 1962–68: Cabinet minister, Government of Mysore
- 1968–72: Lieutenant Governor of Pondicherry
- 1972–74: Governor of Odisha
- 1974–79: Vice-President of India
- Acting President for six months in 1977[37]
Religious activities
A deeply religious man, Jatti was the founder president of the "Basava Samithi", a religious organisation which propagated the preachings of 12th-century saint, philosopher and reformer of Lingayat community Basaveshwara.[38] The Basava samithi established in 1964 has published many books on Lingayatism and Sharanas and has got the 'vachanas' of sharanas translated into various languages.[39] He was also involved in various organisations concerned with social activities.[40]
Death and legacy
He died on 7 June 2002.[41] He was hailed as a man who set an example of selfless service and stood for value-based politics.[42] He was once called an ordinary man with extraordinary thought, and he named his autobiography, I'm My Own Model.[43] His centenary celebrations were held in 2012.[44][45]
See also
- List of Chief Ministers of Karnataka
- Governors and Lieutenant-Governors of states of India
- List of Governors of India
Notes
- ^ The order dismissing the state governments was challenged in the Supreme Court by six states. A seven-judge bench of the Court dismissed the appeals on 29 April 1977 without giving reasons and stating that these would be elaborated in separate judgments to follow. On 6 May 1977, in its judgement in the case of State of Rajasthan v. Union of India, Justice P. K. Goswami revealed that Jatti had met the Chief Justice of India, M. H. Beg, during the period between the Court's judgement and its detailed order and had raised the matter with the Chief Justice. In his judgement, Goswami condemned the conduct of President Jatti stating that he was parting with "the records with a cold shudder" and that he had "no option but to place this on record hoping that the majesty of the high office of the President, who should be beyond the high watermark of any controversy, suffers not in future". The observations of Justice Goswami were subsequently denied by Jatti and Justice Beg.[31][32][33]
References
- ^ http://kla.kar.nic.in/assembly/member/4assemblymemberslist.htm Fourth Karnataka Legislative Assembly (ನಾಲ್ಕನೇ ಕರ್ನಾಟಕ ವಿಧಾನ ಸಭೆ)
- ^ "B.D. Jatti | Chief Minister of Karnataka | Personalities". Karnataka.com. 8 May 2013. Retrieved 10 October 2020.
- ^ Special Correspondent. "B.D. Jatti birth centenary on Monday". The Hindu.
- ^ Basava Samiti (9 May 2013). . Archived from the original on 3 June 2013.
- ^ "Shri B.D. Jatti" (PDF). Orissa Reference Annual 2004: 174. Retrieved 7 May 2022.
- ^ a b . Basava Samiti. 3 June 2013. Archived from the original on 3 June 2013. Retrieved 7 May 2022.
- ^ "Shri B.D. Jatti" (PDF). Orissa Reference Annual 2004: 174. Retrieved 7 May 2022.
- ^ a b . The Hindu. 8 June 2002. Archived from the original on 5 November 2013.
- ^ "B D Jatti". MapsofIndia.com.
- ^ STATISTICAL REPORT ON GENERAL ELECTION, 1962 TO THE LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY OF MYSORE. New Delhi: Election Commission of India. p. 38. Retrieved 10 November 2022.
- ^ "General Elections: Mysore" (PDF). archive.pib.gov.in. Press Information Bureau. Retrieved 10 November 2022.
- ^ Franda, Marcus F. (1962). "The Organizational Development of India's Congress Party". Pacific Affairs. 35 (3): 252. doi:10.2307/2753185. ISSN 0030-851X. Retrieved 10 November 2022.
- ^ "LG Secretariat - Lt.Governor's Profile". rajnivas.py.gov.in. Lieutenant Governor of Puducherry Secretariat. Retrieved 7 May 2022.
- ^ "UNION TERRITORY OF PONDICHERRY". legislativebodiesinindia.nic.in. Retrieved 7 May 2022.
- ^ "ORISSA LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY". legislativebodiesinindia.nic.in. Retrieved 7 May 2022.
- ^ Das, B. C. (1978). "GOVERNMENT AND POLITICS IN ORISSA SINCE INDEPENDENCE—AN OVERVIEW". The Indian Journal of Political Science. 39 (3): 438–457. ISSN 0019-5510. JSTOR 41854862. Retrieved 7 May 2022.
- ^ Jena, B.B. (1994). "ORISSA POLITICS". The Indian Journal of Political Science. 55 (3): 285–298. ISSN 0019-5510. JSTOR 41855700. Retrieved 7 May 2022.
- ^ "Election to Office of Vice President of India: Change in address of a Contesting Candidate" (PDF). Official Gazette Government of Goa, Daman and Diu. Series II (22). Retrieved 7 May 2022.
- ^ ELECTION TO THE OFFICE OF VICE-PRESIDENT OF INDIA 2017 (PDF). New Delhi: Election Commission of India. 2017. pp. 19–20. Retrieved 10 November 2022.
- ^ "Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed, News Photo, President of India Fakhruddin ..." www.timescontent.com. Times of India. Retrieved 7 May 2022.
- ^ "The San Francisco Examiner 11 Feb 1977, page 12". Newspapers.com. Retrieved 10 November 2022.
- ^ "The Los Angeles Times 12 Feb 1977, page 10". Newspapers.com. Retrieved 10 November 2022.
- ^ Malhotra, Inder (23 March 2015). "Indira Gandhi loses election: from the archive, 23 March 1977". the Guardian. Retrieved 2 May 2022.
- ^ "Indian Opposition Gains a Majority". Washington Post. Retrieved 2 May 2022.
- ^ "When Indira Gandhi decided to storm the Golden Temple". The Indian Express. 30 December 2021. Retrieved 2 May 2022.
- ^ "The San Francisco Examiner 24 Mar 1977, page 20". Newspapers.com. Retrieved 10 November 2022.
- ^ "HT This Day: March 25, 1977 -- Desai sworn in Prime Minister". Hindustan Times. 24 March 2022. Retrieved 2 May 2022.
- ^ "The Los Angeles Times 01 May 1977, page 4". Newspapers.com. Retrieved 10 November 2022.
- ^ Times, William Borders Special to The New York (1 May 1977). "Constitutional Conflict Ends in India as Acting President Accepts Order Dissolving Nine State Legislatures". The New York Times. Retrieved 2 May 2022.
- ^ Borders, William (30 April 1977). "New Indian Regime Moves to Hold New Assembly Elections in 9 States". The New York Times. Retrieved 2 May 2022.
- ^ "The Daily Telegraph 07 May 1977, page 9". Newspapers.com. Retrieved 10 November 2022.
- ^ "The judiciary: Better late than never?". India Today. 22 April 2015. Retrieved 10 November 2022.
- ^ "Rewind, and the press to play". The Economic Times. 30 May 2018. Retrieved 10 November 2022.
- ^ "Forty Years Ago, July 26, 1977: President Sworn In". The Indian Express. 26 July 2017. Retrieved 10 November 2022.
- ^ "The 12/11 Controversy". Outlook. 3 February 2022. Retrieved 10 November 2022.
- ^ "Daily News 22 Jul 1977, page 198". Newspapers.com. Retrieved 10 November 2022.
- ^ . Vice President of India. Archived from the original on 10 February 2009.
- ^ . Basava samiti. Archived from the original on 9 May 2013.
- ^ Community Dominance and Political Modernisation: The Lingayats. By Shankaragouda Hanamantagouda Patil. 2002. ISBN 9788170998679.
- ^ . Basava samiti. Archived from the original on 9 May 2013.
- ^ "B.D.Jatti dead". The Hindu. 8 June 2002. Archived from the original on 25 January 2013.
- ^ "Governor, CM condole Jatti's death". The Hindu. 8 June 2002. Archived from the original on 26 January 2013.
- ^ . Deccan Herald. Archived from the original on 11 September 2014. Retrieved 15 November 2012.
- ^ "Quality of public life has declined: Governor". The Hindu. 10 September 2012.
- ^ "B.D. Jatti birth centenary on Monday". The Hindu. 9 September 2012.