Atriplex halimus (known also by its common names: Mediterranean saltbush, sea orache, shrubby orache, silvery orache; /ˈɒrətʃ/;[2] also spelled orach) is a species of foddershrub in the family Amaranthaceae.
The leaves are a dietary staple for the sand rat (Psammomys obesus).
UsesEdit
The leaves are edible.[3] Extracts from the leaves have shown to have significant hypoglycemic effects.[5]
The species has potential use in agriculture. A study allowed sheep and goats to voluntarily feed on A. halimus and aimed to determine if the saltbush was palatable, and if so, did it provide enough nutrients to supplement the diet of these animals. In this study they determined when goats and sheep are given as much A. halimus as they like, they do obtain enough nutrients to supplement their diet – unless the animal requirements are higher during pregnancy and milk production.[6]
This plant is often cultivated as forage because of its tolerance for severe conditions of drought, and it can grow easily in very alkaline and saline soils. In addition, it is useful to valorize degraded and marginal areas because it will contribute to the improvement of phytomass in this case.
Use in antiquityEdit
According to Jewish tradition, the leaves of Atriplex halimus are known in biblical Hebrew (see: Job 30:4) as maluaḥ (Hebrew: מלוח),[7] and which are said to have been gathered and eaten by the poor people who returned out of Babylonian exile (c. 352 BCE) to build the Second Temple.[8] Other classical Hebrew sources put the Mishnaic name of this edible plant as faʻfōʻīn (Hebrew: פעפועין), a plant that is explained to mean qaqūlei in Aramaic,[9] said to be the al-qāqlah (القاقلة) in Arabic.[10][11]
The Greek comic poet Antiphanes seemingly calls it halimon and refers to foraging for it in dry torrent beds.[12]
ReferencesEdit
^Korpelainen, H., Holubec, V., Asdal, Å., Magos Brehm, J., Labokas, J., Vögel, R. & Eliáš, P. (2011). "Atriplex halimus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2011: e.T176531A7260639. Retrieved 29 December 2020.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
^"orache". Oxford English Dictionary third edition. Oxford University Press. June 2004. Retrieved 7 December 2018.
^Valderrabano, J., Munoz, F., Delgado, I. (1996). "Browsing ability and utilisation by sheep and goats of Atriplex halimus L. shrubs". Small Ruminant Research. Zaragoza, Spain. 19 (2): 131–136. doi:10.1016/0921-4488(95)00754-7. Retrieved 13 April 2020.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
^Babylonian Talmud (Erubin 28a, Rashi s.v. פעפועין); ibid. (Kiddushin 66a, Rashi s.v. מלוחים); Jerusalem Talmud (Peah 8:4, where the plant faʻfōʻīn is identified as קקולי)
^See the Judeo-Arabic lexicon compiled by Rabbi Tanḥum ben Joseph Ha-Yerushalmi (c. 1220–1291), entitled Murshid al-Kāfī (Bodleian Library MS. Huntington 621, frame 212r), where he explains פעפ"ע as meaning al-qāqlah (القاقلة), a plant identified as the shrubby orache (Atriplex halimus) in Amar, Z. (2012). Flora of the Bible - A New Investigation Aimed at Identifying All of the Plants of the Bible in Light of Jewish Sources and Scientific Research (in Hebrew). Jerusalem: Rubin Mass Ltd. p. 166. OCLC 783455868..
^Cf. Bos, Gerrit [in German]; Käs, Fabian (2016). "Arabic Pharmacognostic Literature and Its Jewish Antecedents: Marwān ibn Ǧanāḥ (Rabbi Jonah), Kitāb al-Talḫīṣ". Aleph. Indiana University Press. 16 (1): 186. doi:10.2979/aleph.16.1.145. JSTOR 10.2979/aleph.16.1.145. S2CID 171046217. "Mullāḥ (= saltwort). Abū Ḥanīfa said: A certain Bedouin told me that it is a variety of ḥamḍ (= sea-blite; saltwort) resembling al-qullām and it is (also called) qāqullā (= Atriplex halimus). A certain Syrian Bedouin told me: Al-mullāḥ resembles alkali plants (ušnān = Seidlitzia rosmarinus). Cooked together with milk, it can be eaten; it is sweet and not salty. Its seeds can be collected like faṯṯ-seeds; they can (also) be eaten baked as bread. I assume that it was called mullāḥ (lit. 'the salty') because of its color and not because of its taste." (Ibn Ǧanāḥ, Talḫīṣ, fol. 50r14–v6; ed. No. 549).
atriplex, halimus, known, also, common, names, mediterranean, saltbush, orache, shrubby, orache, silvery, orache, also, spelled, orach, species, fodder, shrub, family, amaranthaceae, conservation, statusleast, concern, iucn, scientific, classificationkingdom, . Atriplex halimus known also by its common names Mediterranean saltbush sea orache shrubby orache silvery orache ˈ ɒ r e tʃ 2 also spelled orach is a species of fodder shrub in the family Amaranthaceae Atriplex halimusConservation statusLeast Concern IUCN 3 1 1 Scientific classificationKingdom PlantaeClade TracheophytesClade AngiospermsClade EudicotsOrder CaryophyllalesFamily AmaranthaceaeGenus AtriplexSpecies A halimusBinomial nameAtriplex halimusL Contents 1 Description 2 Distribution and habitat 3 Ecology 4 Uses 5 Use in antiquity 6 References 7 External linksDescription EditThe plant has small gray leaves up to 2 5 centimetres 1 inch long It resembles Chenopodium berlandieri lamb s quarters 3 Distribution and habitat EditThe plant is widespread through the Mediterranean Basin North and East Africa and the Arabian Peninsula 4 Ecology EditThe leaves are a dietary staple for the sand rat Psammomys obesus Uses EditThe leaves are edible 3 Extracts from the leaves have shown to have significant hypoglycemic effects 5 The species has potential use in agriculture A study allowed sheep and goats to voluntarily feed on A halimus and aimed to determine if the saltbush was palatable and if so did it provide enough nutrients to supplement the diet of these animals In this study they determined when goats and sheep are given as much A halimus as they like they do obtain enough nutrients to supplement their diet unless the animal requirements are higher during pregnancy and milk production 6 This plant is often cultivated as forage because of its tolerance for severe conditions of drought and it can grow easily in very alkaline and saline soils In addition it is useful to valorize degraded and marginal areas because it will contribute to the improvement of phytomass in this case Use in antiquity EditAccording to Jewish tradition the leaves of Atriplex halimus are known in biblical Hebrew see Job 30 4 as maluaḥ Hebrew מלוח 7 and which are said to have been gathered and eaten by the poor people who returned out of Babylonian exile c 352 BCE to build the Second Temple 8 Other classical Hebrew sources put the Mishnaic name of this edible plant as faʻfōʻin Hebrew פעפועין a plant that is explained to mean qaqulei in Aramaic 9 said to be the al qaqlah القاقلة in Arabic 10 11 The Greek comic poet Antiphanes seemingly calls it halimon and refers to foraging for it in dry torrent beds 12 References Edit Korpelainen H Holubec V Asdal A Magos Brehm J Labokas J Vogel R amp Elias P 2011 Atriplex halimus IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2011 e T176531A7260639 Retrieved 29 December 2020 a href Template Cite journal html title Template Cite journal cite journal a CS1 maint multiple names authors list link orache Oxford English Dictionary third edition Oxford University Press June 2004 Retrieved 7 December 2018 a b The Complete Guide to Edible Wild Plants United States Department of the Army New York Skyhorse Publishing 2009 p 92 ISBN 978 1 60239 692 0 OCLC 277203364 a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a CS1 maint others link Atriplex halimus L Catalogue of Life Retrieved 29 December 2020 Hypoglycaemic effect of the salt bush Atriplex halimus a feeding source of Psammomys obesus Valderrabano J Munoz F Delgado I 1996 Browsing ability and utilisation by sheep and goats of Atriplex halimus L shrubs Small Ruminant Research Zaragoza Spain 19 2 131 136 doi 10 1016 0921 4488 95 00754 7 Retrieved 13 April 2020 a href Template Cite journal html title Template Cite journal cite journal a CS1 maint multiple names authors list link Mistranslated as mallows in the King James Bible and as Nesseln nettles in the Luther Bible Babylonian Talmud Kiddushin 66a RASHI ibid s v מלוחים Babylonian Talmud Erubin 28a Rashi s v פעפועין ibid Kiddushin 66a Rashi s v מלוחים Jerusalem Talmud Peah 8 4 where the plant faʻfōʻin is identified as קקולי See the Judeo Arabic lexicon compiled by Rabbi Tanḥum ben Joseph Ha Yerushalmi c 1220 1291 entitled Murshid al Kafi Bodleian Library MS Huntington 621 frame 212r where he explains פעפ ע as meaning al qaqlah القاقلة a plant identified as the shrubby orache Atriplex halimus in Amar Z 2012 Flora of the Bible A New Investigation Aimed at Identifying All of the Plants of the Bible in Light of Jewish Sources and Scientific Research in Hebrew Jerusalem Rubin Mass Ltd p 166 OCLC 783455868 Cf Bos Gerrit in German Kas Fabian 2016 Arabic Pharmacognostic Literature and Its Jewish Antecedents Marwan ibn Ǧanaḥ Rabbi Jonah Kitab al Talḫiṣ Aleph Indiana University Press 16 1 186 doi 10 2979 aleph 16 1 145 JSTOR 10 2979 aleph 16 1 145 S2CID 171046217 Mullaḥ saltwort Abu Ḥanifa said A certain Bedouin told me that it is a variety of ḥamḍ sea blite saltwort resembling al qullam and it is also called qaqulla Atriplex halimus A certain Syrian Bedouin told me Al mullaḥ resembles alkali plants usnan Seidlitzia rosmarinus Cooked together with milk it can be eaten it is sweet and not salty Its seeds can be collected like faṯṯ seeds they can also be eaten baked as bread I assume that it was called mullaḥ lit the salty because of its color and not because of its taste Ibn Ǧanaḥ Talḫiṣ fol 50r14 v6 ed No 549 fr 158 Kassel AustinExternal links EditPlants For A Future Atriplex halimus This Amaranthaceae article is a stub You can help Wikipedia by expanding it vte Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Atriplex halimus amp oldid 1094395189, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
