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Armenian dialects

The Armenian language has two standardized forms: Western Armenian and Eastern Armenian. Before the Armenian genocide and other significant demographic changes that affected the Armenians, several dozen Armenian dialects existed in the areas historically populated by them.

Classification by Hrachia Acharian edit

 
The title page of the 1909 French edition.

Classification des dialectes arméniens (Classification of Armenian dialects) is a 1909 book by the Armenian linguist Hrachia Acharian, published in Paris. It is Acharian's translation into French of his original work Hay Barbaṙagitutʿiwn ("Armenian Dialectology") that was later published as a book in 1911 in Moscow and New Nakhichevan. The French translation lacks dialectal examples.

Acharian surveyed the Armenian dialects in what is now Turkey, Armenia, Georgia, Iran, Azerbaijan and other countries settled by Armenians.

Unlike the traditional division of Armenian into two dialect groups (Western Armenian and Eastern Armenian), he divided Armenian into three main dialect groups based on the present and imperfect indicative particles that were used. He called as the -owm (-ում) dialects, -gë (-կը) dialects, and -el (-ել) dialects.

After the Armenian genocide, linguists Gevorg Jahukyan, Jos Weitenberg, Bert Vaux and Hrach Martirosyan have extended the understanding of Armenian dialects.

Map edit

 
Map of Armenian dialects in the early 20th century:
  -owm dialects, roughly corresponding to Eastern Armenian.
  -el dialects.
  -gë dialects, roughly corresponding to Western Armenian.

List edit

-owm dialects edit

Dialect
Areas spoken (country and city names as of 1909)
1 Yerevan   Russian Empire: Erivan, Novo-Bayazet, Ordubad, Shamshadin, Shulaver, Havlabar quarter (Tbilisi)
  Ottoman Empire: Bayazid, Kulp
2 Tbilisi   Russian Empire: Tbilisi (except Havlabar quarter)
3 Artsakh   Russian Empire: Shusha, Elisabethpol, Nukha, Baku, Derbent, Ağstafa, Dilijan, Karakilis, Kazak, Lori, Jebrayil, Goris
  Qajar Persia: Karadagh, Mujumbar; Lilava quarter of Tabriz
  Ottoman Empire: Burdur, Ödemiş villages near Izmir
4 Shamakha   Russian Empire: Shamakhi, Kuba and nearby villages
5 Astrakhan   Russian Empire: Astrakhan, North Caucasus
  Qajar Persia: Tabriz
6 Julfa   Russian Empire: Julfa
  Qajar Persia: Isfahan (New Julfa quarter), Shiraz, Hamadan, Bushehr, Tehran, Qazvin, Rasht, Bandar-e Anzali
7 Agulis   Russian Empire: Agulis, Tsghna, Handamej, Tanakert, Ramis, Dasht, Kaghaki

-el dialects edit

-el dialects
Dialect
Areas spoken (country and city names as of 1909)
1 Maragha   Qajar Persia: Maragha and surrounding villages
2 Khoy   Qajar Persia: Khoy, Salmas, Maku, Urmia
  Russian Empire: Igdir, Nakhichevan;
Zangezur settlements: Kori, Alighuli, Mughanjugh, Karashen, Alilu, Angeghakot, Ghushchi-Tazakend, Tazakend, Uz, Mazra, Balak, Shaghat, Ltsen, Sisian, Nerkin Kilisa
3 Artvin   Russian Empire: Artvin, Ardahan, Artanuj, Olti

-gë dialects edit

Dialect
Areas spoken (country and city names as of 1909)
1 Erzurum   Ottoman Empire: Erzurum, Ispir, Kaghzvan
  Russian Empire: Kars, Alexandropol, Akhalkalak, Akhaltskha
2 Mush   Ottoman Empire: Mush, Sasun, Bitlis, Khizan, Khlat, Arjesh, Bulanikh, Manazkert, Khnus, Alashkert
  Russian Empire: Aparan; Mets Kznut and surrounding villages;
4 villages in Javakhk: Eshtia, Ujmana, Toria, Martuni
3 Van   Ottoman Empire: Van, Diadin, Moks, Bashkale, Shatakh
  Russian Empire: Basargechar and surrounding villages
4 Diarbekir   Ottoman Empire: Diarbekir, Lice, Hazro, Hazzo, Khizan, Severek, Urfa (Edesia)
5 Kharberd-Yerznka   Ottoman Empire: Kharpert, Yerznka, Balu, Tchapaghjur, Chmshkatsag, Charsanjak, Kghi, Dersim, Kamakh
6 Shabin-Karahisar   Ottoman Empire: Shabin-Karahisar, Akıncılar
7 Trebizond   Ottoman Empire: Trebizond, Bayburt, Gyumushkhane, Kirasun
8 Hamshen   Ottoman Empire: Hamshen, Ünye, Fatsa, Terme, Çarşamba
  Russian Empire: Sukhumi, Sochi, Poti,
9 Malatia   Ottoman Empire: Malatia, Adıyaman
10 Cilicia   Ottoman Empire: Hadjin, Zeytun, Marash, Kilis, Alexandretta, Payas, Svedia
11 Syria   Ottoman Empire: Aramo
12 Arabkir   Ottoman Empire: Arabkir, Divrig, Gürün, Darende, villages of Kesaria
13 Akn   Ottoman Empire: Akn and surrounding villages
14 Sivas   Ottoman Empire: Sivas and 45 surrounding villages
15 Tokat   Ottoman Empire: Tokat, Amasia, Marsivan, Ordu, Samsun, Sinop
16 Smyrna   Ottoman Empire: Smyrna, Manisa, Menemen and surrounding villages
17 Izmit   Ottoman Empire: Nicomedia, Adapazar and the following villages: Yalova, Partizak, Geyve, Ortaköy, Sölöz, Benli, İznik, etc.,
18 Constantinople   Ottoman Empire: Constantinople
19 Rodosto   Ottoman Empire: Rodosto, Malgara
20 Nakhichevan-on-Don   Russian Empire: Nakhichevan-on-Don, Rostov-on-Don, Stavropol, Yekaterinodar, Yekaterinoslav, Anapa, Maykop, Taganrog, Dneprovskaya, Nogaysk, Novocherkassk, Theodosia, Simferopol, Karasubazar, Bakhchysarai, Eupatoria
21 Austria-Hungary   Poland
  Bukovina, Transylvania, Hungary

Sources edit

  • Adjarian, Hrachia (1909). Classification des dialectes arméniens [Classification of Armenian dialects] (PDF) (in French). Paris: Librairie Honore Champion. Retrieved July 8, 2012.

armenian, dialects, armenian, language, standardized, forms, western, armenian, eastern, armenian, before, armenian, genocide, other, significant, demographic, changes, that, affected, armenians, several, dozen, existed, areas, historically, populated, them, c. The Armenian language has two standardized forms Western Armenian and Eastern Armenian Before the Armenian genocide and other significant demographic changes that affected the Armenians several dozen Armenian dialects existed in the areas historically populated by them Contents 1 Classification by Hrachia Acharian 1 1 Map 1 2 List 1 3 owm dialects 1 4 el dialects 1 5 ge dialects 2 SourcesClassification by Hrachia Acharian edit nbsp The title page of the 1909 French edition Classification des dialectes armeniens Classification of Armenian dialects is a 1909 book by the Armenian linguist Hrachia Acharian published in Paris It is Acharian s translation into French of his original work Hay Barbaṙagitutʿiwn Armenian Dialectology that was later published as a book in 1911 in Moscow and New Nakhichevan The French translation lacks dialectal examples Acharian surveyed the Armenian dialects in what is now Turkey Armenia Georgia Iran Azerbaijan and other countries settled by Armenians Unlike the traditional division of Armenian into two dialect groups Western Armenian and Eastern Armenian he divided Armenian into three main dialect groups based on the present and imperfect indicative particles that were used He called as the owm ում dialects ge կը dialects and el ել dialects After the Armenian genocide linguists Gevorg Jahukyan Jos Weitenberg Bert Vaux and Hrach Martirosyan have extended the understanding of Armenian dialects Map edit nbsp Map of Armenian dialects in the early 20th century owm dialects roughly corresponding to Eastern Armenian el dialects ge dialects roughly corresponding to Western Armenian List edit owm dialects edit Dialect Areas spoken country and city names as of 1909 1 Yerevan nbsp Russian Empire Erivan Novo Bayazet Ordubad Shamshadin Shulaver Havlabar quarter Tbilisi nbsp Ottoman Empire Bayazid Kulp 2 Tbilisi nbsp Russian Empire Tbilisi except Havlabar quarter 3 Artsakh nbsp Russian Empire Shusha Elisabethpol Nukha Baku Derbent Agstafa Dilijan Karakilis Kazak Lori Jebrayil Goris nbsp Qajar Persia Karadagh Mujumbar Lilava quarter of Tabriz nbsp Ottoman Empire Burdur Odemis villages near Izmir 4 Shamakha nbsp Russian Empire Shamakhi Kuba and nearby villages 5 Astrakhan nbsp Russian Empire Astrakhan North Caucasus nbsp Qajar Persia Tabriz 6 Julfa nbsp Russian Empire Julfa nbsp Qajar Persia Isfahan New Julfa quarter Shiraz Hamadan Bushehr Tehran Qazvin Rasht Bandar e Anzali 7 Agulis nbsp Russian Empire Agulis Tsghna Handamej Tanakert Ramis Dasht Kaghaki el dialects edit el dialects Dialect Areas spoken country and city names as of 1909 1 Maragha nbsp Qajar Persia Maragha and surrounding villages 2 Khoy nbsp Qajar Persia Khoy Salmas Maku Urmia nbsp Russian Empire Igdir Nakhichevan Zangezur settlements Kori Alighuli Mughanjugh Karashen Alilu Angeghakot Ghushchi Tazakend Tazakend Uz Mazra Balak Shaghat Ltsen Sisian Nerkin Kilisa 3 Artvin nbsp Russian Empire Artvin Ardahan Artanuj Olti ge dialects edit Dialect Areas spoken country and city names as of 1909 1 Erzurum nbsp Ottoman Empire Erzurum Ispir Kaghzvan nbsp Russian Empire Kars Alexandropol Akhalkalak Akhaltskha 2 Mush nbsp Ottoman Empire Mush Sasun Bitlis Khizan Khlat Arjesh Bulanikh Manazkert Khnus Alashkert nbsp Russian Empire Aparan Mets Kznut and surrounding villages 4 villages in Javakhk Eshtia Ujmana Toria Martuni 3 Van nbsp Ottoman Empire Van Diadin Moks Bashkale Shatakh nbsp Russian Empire Basargechar and surrounding villages 4 Diarbekir nbsp Ottoman Empire Diarbekir Lice Hazro Hazzo Khizan Severek Urfa Edesia 5 Kharberd Yerznka nbsp Ottoman Empire Kharpert Yerznka Balu Tchapaghjur Chmshkatsag Charsanjak Kghi Dersim Kamakh 6 Shabin Karahisar nbsp Ottoman Empire Shabin Karahisar Akincilar 7 Trebizond nbsp Ottoman Empire Trebizond Bayburt Gyumushkhane Kirasun 8 Hamshen nbsp Ottoman Empire Hamshen Unye Fatsa Terme Carsamba nbsp Russian Empire Sukhumi Sochi Poti 9 Malatia nbsp Ottoman Empire Malatia Adiyaman 10 Cilicia nbsp Ottoman Empire Hadjin Zeytun Marash Kilis Alexandretta Payas Svedia 11 Syria nbsp Ottoman Empire Aramo 12 Arabkir nbsp Ottoman Empire Arabkir Divrig Gurun Darende villages of Kesaria 13 Akn nbsp Ottoman Empire Akn and surrounding villages 14 Sivas nbsp Ottoman Empire Sivas and 45 surrounding villages 15 Tokat nbsp Ottoman Empire Tokat Amasia Marsivan Ordu Samsun Sinop 16 Smyrna nbsp Ottoman Empire Smyrna Manisa Menemen and surrounding villages 17 Izmit nbsp Ottoman Empire Nicomedia Adapazar and the following villages Yalova Partizak Geyve Ortakoy Soloz Benli Iznik etc 18 Constantinople nbsp Ottoman Empire Constantinople 19 Rodosto nbsp Ottoman Empire Rodosto Malgara 20 Nakhichevan on Don nbsp Russian Empire Nakhichevan on Don Rostov on Don Stavropol Yekaterinodar Yekaterinoslav Anapa Maykop Taganrog Dneprovskaya Nogaysk Novocherkassk Theodosia Simferopol Karasubazar Bakhchysarai Eupatoria 21 Austria Hungary nbsp Poland nbsp Bukovina Transylvania HungarySources editAdjarian Hrachia 1909 Classification des dialectes armeniens Classification of Armenian dialects PDF in French Paris Librairie Honore Champion Retrieved July 8 2012 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Armenian dialects amp oldid 1208922047, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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