Arabic Braille (Arabic: بِرَيْل الْعَرَبِيَّة, birayl alʿarabīyah) is the braille alphabet for the Arabic language. It descends from a braille alphabet brought to Egypt by an English missionary prior to 1878, so the letter assignments generally correspond to English Braille and to the same romanization as in other braille systems, like Greek and Russian. However, there were once multiple standards, some of which (such as Algerian Braille) were unrelated to Coptic Braille. A unified Arabic Braille was adopted in the 1950s as part of the move toward international braille, and it is the standard throughout the Arab world.[1] Other Arabic-based alphabets have braille systems similar to Arabic Braille, such as Urdu and Persian Braille, but differ in some letter and diacritic assignments.[2]
Arabic Braille includes numerous abbreviations, some marked by dot 4 or dot 5 (the comma), which are not described here. A conference in Saudi Arabia in 2002 set up a unified braille standard for Arabic, but as of 2013 not all countries had signed up; those not adopting the standard include some Arab countries but also non-Arab Muslim countries such as Iran, Malaysia, and Indonesia.
Letters
Although short-vowel letters are not diacritics in Arabic Braille, they are optional and generally omitted, just as in print Arabic.
Shaddah ⟨ــّ⟩ comes before the consonant; sukun ⟨ــْ⟩ and the vowels after.
Punctuation and formatting
There are some differences in quotation marks, brackets, and underlining between traditional and unified Arabic braille conventions.
Common punctuation
Print
،
؛
:
.
!
؟
-
Braille
Braille (Unicode)
⠐
⠰
⠐⠂
⠲
⠖
⠦
⠤
Legacy punctuation
Print
“...”
(...)
*
abbre- viation
under- lining
Braille
Braille (Unicode)
⠦ ⠴
⠶ ⠶
⠔⠔
⠈
⠨
Unified Arabic punctuation
Print
“...”
(...)
[...]
{...}
underlining
Braille
Braille (Unicode)
⠶ ⠶
⠦ ⠴
⠠⠦ ⠴⠄
⠐⠦ ⠴⠂
⠠⠤
See also
A sample of Moon type in various languages including Arabic.
Moon type is a simplification of the Latin alphabet for embossing. An adaptation for Arabic-reading blind people has been proposed.
External links
Arabic to Braille Translator
References
^. www.sagma.ma. Archived from the original on 5 June 2007. Retrieved 14 January 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
^"World Braille Usage" (PDF). UNESCO. Retrieved 2012-04-27.
December 28, 2022
arabic, braille, arabic, ال, birayl, alʿarabīyah, braille, alphabet, arabic, language, descends, from, braille, alphabet, brought, egypt, english, missionary, prior, 1878, letter, assignments, generally, correspond, english, braille, same, romanization, other,. Arabic Braille Arabic ب ر ي ل ال ع ر ب ي ة birayl alʿarabiyah is the braille alphabet for the Arabic language It descends from a braille alphabet brought to Egypt by an English missionary prior to 1878 so the letter assignments generally correspond to English Braille and to the same romanization as in other braille systems like Greek and Russian However there were once multiple standards some of which such as Algerian Braille were unrelated to Coptic Braille A unified Arabic Braille was adopted in the 1950s as part of the move toward international braille and it is the standard throughout the Arab world 1 Other Arabic based alphabets have braille systems similar to Arabic Braille such as Urdu and Persian Braille but differ in some letter and diacritic assignments 2 Arabic Braille Script typeabjad ca 1950Print basisArabic alphabetLanguagesArabicRelated scriptsParent systemsBrailleEnglish BrailleCoptic BrailleArabic BrailleArabic Braille is read from left to right following the international convention Numbers are also left to right as in printed Arabic Contents 1 Arabic Braille chart 1 1 Letters 1 2 Punctuation and formatting 2 See also 3 External links 4 ReferencesArabic Braille chart EditArabic Braille includes numerous abbreviations some marked by dot 4 or dot 5 the comma which are not described here A conference in Saudi Arabia in 2002 set up a unified braille standard for Arabic but as of 2013 not all countries had signed up those not adopting the standard include some Arab countries but also non Arab Muslim countries such as Iran Malaysia and Indonesia Letters Edit Although short vowel letters are not diacritics in Arabic Braille they are optional and generally omitted just as in print Arabic Print ا ب ت ث ج ح خ د ذ ر Braille Braille Unicode Print ز س ش ص ض ط ظ ع غ ف Braille Braille Unicode Print ق ك ل م ن ه و ي ى ة Braille Braille Unicode Print ال ﻻ أ إ آ أو ؤ ئ ء Braille Braille Unicode Print ــ ــ ــ ــ ــ ــ ــ ــ Braille Braille Unicode Shaddah ــ comes before the consonant sukun ــ and the vowels after Punctuation and formatting Edit There are some differences in quotation marks brackets and underlining between traditional and unified Arabic braille conventions Common punctuationPrint Braille Braille Unicode Legacy punctuationPrint abbre viation under liningBraille Braille Unicode Unified Arabic punctuationPrint underliningBraille Braille Unicode See also Edit A sample of Moon type in various languages including Arabic Moon type is a simplification of the Latin alphabet for embossing An adaptation for Arabic reading blind people has been proposed External links EditArabic to Braille TranslatorReferences Edit Archived copy www sagma ma Archived from the original on 5 June 2007 Retrieved 14 January 2022 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint archived copy as title link World Braille Usage PDF UNESCO Retrieved 2012 04 27 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Arabic Braille amp oldid 1119260906, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
