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Aquamarine (gem)

November 19, 2023

Aquamarine is a pale-blue to light-green variety of beryl.[2] The color of aquamarine can be changed by heat (though this practice is frowned upon by collectors).[3]

Aquamarine
Aquamarine on muscovite
General
CategorySilicate minerals, beryl variety
Formula
(repeating unit)		Be3Al2Si6O18
Identification
ColorPale blue to light green
FractureConchoidal
Mohs scale hardness7.5–8
StreakWhite[1]
DiaphaneityTransparent to translucent
Specific gravity2.65–2.85

Aquamarine has a chemical composition of Be3Al2Si6O18,[4] also containing Fe2+.[5] It has a hardness of 7.5–8 on the Mohs scale.[6] While aquamarine often contains no inclusions,[7] it can have them, noticeable or not, composed of content such as mica, hematite, or saltwater.[8]

Aquamarine is a common gemstone.[9] However, there is a rarer deep blue variant called maxixe,[7] but its color can fade due to sunlight.[1] The color of maxixe is caused by NO3.[10] Dark-blue maxixe color can be produced in green, pink or yellow beryl by irradiating it with high-energy radiation (gamma rays, neutrons or even X-rays).[11]

Name and etymology edit

The name aquamarine comes from aqua (Latin for 'water'), and marine, deriving from marina (Latin for 'of the sea').[12] The word aquamarine was first used in the year 1677.[13]

The word aquamarine has been used as a modifier for other minerals like aquamarine tourmaline, aquamarine emerald, aquamarine chrysolite, aquamarine sapphire, or aquamarine topaz.[8]

Value edit

 
Queen Elizabeth II wearing the Brazilian Aquamarine Parure in 2006. The star and collar are a Brazilian decoration, the Order of the Southern Cross.

The value of aquamarine is determined by its weight, colour,[4] cut, and clarity.[14] Due to its relative abundance, aquamarine is comparatively less expensive than other gemstones within the beryl group, such as emerald or bixbite (red beryl) but is typically more expensive than similarly coloured gemstones such as blue topaz.[7][9] Naturally occurring blue hued aquamarine specimens are more expensive than those that have undergone heat treatment to reduce yellow tones caused by ferric iron.[9] Cut aquamarines that are over 25 carats will have a lower price per carat than smaller ones of the same quality.[15]

In culture edit

Aquamarine is the birth stone for the month of March.[4] It has historically been used a symbol for youth and happiness due to its color, which has also, along with its name, made Western culture connect it with the ocean.[16][15] Ancient Romans believed that aquamarine could protect people who are travelling across the sea;[17] they also used aquamarine to prevent illnesses.

The Chinese used it to make seals, figurines, and engravings[citation needed]. The Japanese used it to make netsuke.[18]

Aquamarine became a state gem for Colorado in 1971.[19]

Occurrence edit

 
Aquamarine of 15,256 carats from Minas Gerais, Brazil

Aquamarine can be found in countries like Afghanistan, China, Kenya, Pakistan, Russia, Mozambique, the United States,[20] Brazil, Nigeria, Madagascar, Zambia, Tanzania, Sri Lanka,[21] Malawi, India,[4] Zimbabwe, Australia, Myanmar, and Namibia.[22] The state of Minas Gerais is a major source for aquamarine.[9]

Aquamarine can mostly be found in granite pegmatites.[9] It can also be found in veins of metamorphic rocks that became mineralized by hydrothermal activity.[4]

Notable aquamarine edit

Aquamarine Origin Size Location
Dom Pedro aquamarine[23] Mined in 1980 in Brazil.[24] 10,363 carats National Museum of Natural History, Washington[25][26]
The Roosevelt Aquamarine[27] Given to Eleanor Roosevelt in 1936. 6,500 carats Franklin D. Roosevelt Presidential Library and Museum The Hirsch Aquamarine Once owned by Louis XV. 109.92 carats

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ a b Schumann, Walter (2006). Gemstones of the World. Sterling Publishing Company, Inc. p. 110. ISBN 978-1-4027-4016-9.
  2. ^ Manutchehr-Danai, Mohsen (2013-03-09). Dictionary of Gems and Gemology. Springer Science+Business Media. p. 24. ISBN 978-3-662-04288-5.
  3. ^ Wenk, Hans-Rudolf; Bulakh, Andrei (April 2004). Minerals: Their Constitution and Origin. Cambridge University Press. p. 542. ISBN 978-0-521-52958-7.
  4. ^ a b c d e "Aquamarine: the blue gemstone and March birthstone". geology.com. Retrieved 2021-08-18.
  5. ^ Perkins, Dexter; Henke, Kevin R.; Simon, Adam C.; Yarbrough, Lance D. (2019-07-24). Earth Materials: Components of a Diverse Planet. CRC Press. p. 82. ISBN 978-0-429-59119-8.
  6. ^ Jones, Cindy (2005). Geology. Lotus Press. pp. 16–17. ISBN 978-81-89093-35-8.
  7. ^ a b c Grande, Lance; Augustyn, Allison (2009-11-15). Gems and Gemstones: Timeless Natural Beauty of the Mineral World. University of Chicago Press. p. 125. ISBN 978-0-226-30511-0.
  8. ^ a b "Aquamarine | Birthstones | Gems | Geology & Soils | Online Resources | School of Natural Resources". snr.unl.edu. University of Nebraska–Lincol. Retrieved 2021-08-30.
  9. ^ a b c d e Oldershaw, Cally (2003). Firefly Guide to Gems. Firefly Books. p. 124. ISBN 978-1-55297-814-6.
  10. ^ Manutchehr-Danai, Mohsen (2013-03-09). Dictionary of Gems and Gemology. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 307. ISBN 978-3-662-04288-5.
  11. ^ Nassau, K. (1976). "The deep blue Maxixe-type color center in beryl" (PDF). American Mineralogist. 61: 100. (PDF) from the original on 26 June 2011.
  12. ^ Cresswell, Julia (2014). Little Oxford Dictionary of Word Origins. Oxford University Press. p. 174. ISBN 978-0-19-968363-5.
  13. ^ "aquamarine". Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary. Retrieved 2021-08-31.
  14. ^ "How to Value Aquamarine". Sciencing. Retrieved 2021-08-30.
  15. ^ a b "Aquamarine Value, Price, and Jewelry Information - Gem Society". International Gem Society. Retrieved 2021-09-21.
  16. ^ Pearl, Richard M. (2016-09-06). Popular Gemology. Read Books Ltd. p. 95. ISBN 978-1-4733-5633-7.
  17. ^ Webster, Richard (2012-09-08). The Encyclopedia of Superstitions. Llewellyn Worldwide. p. 14. ISBN 978-0-7387-2561-1.
  18. ^ Rapp, George R. (2013-03-09). Archaeomineralogy. Springer Science & Business Media. pp. 97–98. ISBN 978-3-662-05005-7.
  19. ^ Johnson, Lars W.; Voynick, Stephen M. (2021-06-08). Rockhounding for Beginners: Your Comprehensive Guide to Finding and Collecting Precious Minerals, Gems, Geodes, & More. Simon and Schuster. p. 89. ISBN 978-1-5072-1527-2.
  20. ^ Oldershaw, Cally (2003). Firefly Guide to Gems. Firefly Books. p. 125. ISBN 978-1-55297-814-6.
  21. ^ "Aquamarine Value & Worth". Grav. Retrieved 2021-08-29.
  22. ^ Grande, Lance; Augustyn, Allison (2009-11-15). Gems and Gemstones: Timeless Natural Beauty of the Mineral World. University of Chicago Press. p. 126. ISBN 978-0-226-30511-0.
  23. ^ "Dom Pedro Aquamarine - Smithsonian Institution".
  24. ^ "Introducing the Dom Pedro Aquamarine".
  25. ^ Vastag, Brian (2 December 2012). . The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 8 December 2012. Retrieved 7 December 2012.
  26. ^ . Smithsonian Science. Smithsonian Institution. Archived from the original on 5 July 2014. Retrieved 7 December 2012.
  27. ^ "Six Famous Aquamarines".

November 19, 2023
aquamarine, aquamarine, pale, blue, light, green, variety, beryl, color, aquamarine, changed, heat, though, this, practice, frowned, upon, collectors, aquamarineaquamarine, muscovitegeneralcategorysilicate, minerals, beryl, varietyformula, repeating, unit, be3. Aquamarine is a pale blue to light green variety of beryl 2 The color of aquamarine can be changed by heat though this practice is frowned upon by collectors 3 AquamarineAquamarine on muscoviteGeneralCategorySilicate minerals beryl varietyFormula repeating unit Be3Al2Si6O18IdentificationColorPale blue to light greenFractureConchoidalMohs scale hardness7 5 8StreakWhite 1 DiaphaneityTransparent to translucentSpecific gravity2 65 2 85Aquamarine has a chemical composition of Be3Al2Si6O18 4 also containing Fe2 5 It has a hardness of 7 5 8 on the Mohs scale 6 While aquamarine often contains no inclusions 7 it can have them noticeable or not composed of content such as mica hematite or saltwater 8 Aquamarine is a common gemstone 9 However there is a rarer deep blue variant called maxixe 7 but its color can fade due to sunlight 1 The color of maxixe is caused by NO3 10 Dark blue maxixe color can be produced in green pink or yellow beryl by irradiating it with high energy radiation gamma rays neutrons or even X rays 11 Contents 1 Name and etymology 2 Value 3 In culture 4 Occurrence 5 Notable aquamarine 6 See also 7 ReferencesName and etymology editThe name aquamarine comes from aqua Latin for water and marine deriving from marina Latin for of the sea 12 The word aquamarine was first used in the year 1677 13 The word aquamarine has been used as a modifier for other minerals like aquamarine tourmaline aquamarine emerald aquamarine chrysolite aquamarine sapphire or aquamarine topaz 8 Value edit nbsp Queen Elizabeth II wearing the Brazilian Aquamarine Parure in 2006 The star and collar are a Brazilian decoration the Order of the Southern Cross The value of aquamarine is determined by its weight colour 4 cut and clarity 14 Due to its relative abundance aquamarine is comparatively less expensive than other gemstones within the beryl group such as emerald or bixbite red beryl but is typically more expensive than similarly coloured gemstones such as blue topaz 7 9 Naturally occurring blue hued aquamarine specimens are more expensive than those that have undergone heat treatment to reduce yellow tones caused by ferric iron 9 Cut aquamarines that are over 25 carats will have a lower price per carat than smaller ones of the same quality 15 In culture editAquamarine is the birth stone for the month of March 4 It has historically been used a symbol for youth and happiness due to its color which has also along with its name made Western culture connect it with the ocean 16 15 Ancient Romans believed that aquamarine could protect people who are travelling across the sea 17 they also used aquamarine to prevent illnesses The Chinese used it to make seals figurines and engravings citation needed The Japanese used it to make netsuke 18 Aquamarine became a state gem for Colorado in 1971 19 Occurrence edit nbsp Aquamarine of 15 256 carats from Minas Gerais BrazilAquamarine can be found in countries like Afghanistan China Kenya Pakistan Russia Mozambique the United States 20 Brazil Nigeria Madagascar Zambia Tanzania Sri Lanka 21 Malawi India 4 Zimbabwe Australia Myanmar and Namibia 22 The state of Minas Gerais is a major source for aquamarine 9 Aquamarine can mostly be found in granite pegmatites 9 It can also be found in veins of metamorphic rocks that became mineralized by hydrothermal activity 4 Notable aquamarine editAquamarine Origin Size LocationDom Pedro aquamarine 23 Mined in 1980 in Brazil 24 10 363 carats National Museum of Natural History Washington 25 26 The Roosevelt Aquamarine 27 Given to Eleanor Roosevelt in 1936 6 500 carats Franklin D Roosevelt Presidential Library and Museum The Hirsch Aquamarine Once owned by Louis XV 109 92 caratsSee also editList of gemstones List of mineralsReferences edit a b Schumann Walter 2006 Gemstones of the World Sterling Publishing Company Inc p 110 ISBN 978 1 4027 4016 9 Manutchehr Danai Mohsen 2013 03 09 Dictionary of Gems and Gemology Springer Science Business Media p 24 ISBN 978 3 662 04288 5 Wenk Hans Rudolf Bulakh Andrei April 2004 Minerals Their Constitution and Origin Cambridge University Press p 542 ISBN 978 0 521 52958 7 a b c d e Aquamarine the blue gemstone and March birthstone geology com Retrieved 2021 08 18 Perkins Dexter Henke Kevin R Simon Adam C Yarbrough Lance D 2019 07 24 Earth Materials Components of a Diverse Planet CRC Press p 82 ISBN 978 0 429 59119 8 Jones Cindy 2005 Geology Lotus Press pp 16 17 ISBN 978 81 89093 35 8 a b c Grande Lance Augustyn Allison 2009 11 15 Gems and Gemstones Timeless Natural Beauty of the Mineral World University of Chicago Press p 125 ISBN 978 0 226 30511 0 a b Aquamarine Birthstones Gems Geology amp Soils Online Resources School of Natural Resources snr unl edu University of Nebraska Lincol Retrieved 2021 08 30 a b c d e Oldershaw Cally 2003 Firefly Guide to Gems Firefly Books p 124 ISBN 978 1 55297 814 6 Manutchehr Danai Mohsen 2013 03 09 Dictionary of Gems and Gemology Springer Science amp Business Media p 307 ISBN 978 3 662 04288 5 Nassau K 1976 The deep blue Maxixe type color center in beryl PDF American Mineralogist 61 100 Archived PDF from the original on 26 June 2011 Cresswell Julia 2014 Little Oxford Dictionary of Word Origins Oxford University Press p 174 ISBN 978 0 19 968363 5 aquamarine Merriam Webster com Dictionary Retrieved 2021 08 31 How to Value Aquamarine Sciencing Retrieved 2021 08 30 a b Aquamarine Value Price and Jewelry Information Gem Society International Gem Society Retrieved 2021 09 21 Pearl Richard M 2016 09 06 Popular Gemology Read Books Ltd p 95 ISBN 978 1 4733 5633 7 Webster Richard 2012 09 08 The Encyclopedia of Superstitions Llewellyn Worldwide p 14 ISBN 978 0 7387 2561 1 Rapp George R 2013 03 09 Archaeomineralogy Springer Science amp Business Media pp 97 98 ISBN 978 3 662 05005 7 Johnson Lars W Voynick Stephen M 2021 06 08 Rockhounding for Beginners Your Comprehensive Guide to Finding and Collecting Precious Minerals Gems Geodes amp More Simon and Schuster p 89 ISBN 978 1 5072 1527 2 Oldershaw Cally 2003 Firefly Guide to Gems Firefly Books p 125 ISBN 978 1 55297 814 6 Aquamarine Value amp Worth Grav Retrieved 2021 08 29 Grande Lance Augustyn Allison 2009 11 15 Gems and Gemstones Timeless Natural Beauty of the Mineral World University of Chicago Press p 126 ISBN 978 0 226 30511 0 Dom Pedro Aquamarine Smithsonian Institution Introducing the Dom Pedro Aquamarine Vastag Brian 2 December 2012 The Dom Pedro aquamarine s long and winding path to the Smithsonian The Washington Post Archived from the original on 8 December 2012 Retrieved 7 December 2012 Magnificent Dom Pedro aquamarine to go on view in the Smithsonian s Natural History Museum Smithsonian Science Smithsonian Institution Archived from the original on 5 July 2014 Retrieved 7 December 2012 Six Famous Aquamarines Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Aquamarine gem amp oldid 1185351205, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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