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Antonov An-24

January 01, 1970

The Antonov An-24 (Russian/Ukrainian: Антонов Ан-24) (NATO reporting name: Coke) is a 44-seat twin turboprop transport/passenger aircraft designed in 1957 in the Soviet Union by the Antonov Design Bureau[1] and manufactured by Kyiv, Irkutsk and Ulan-Ude Aviation Factories.

An-24
Volga-Avia Antonov An-24
Role Transport aircraft / Turboprop Regional airliner
National origin Soviet Union
Manufacturer Antonov
First flight 29 October 1959[1]
Introduction 1962
Status Active service
Primary users UTair Cargo
Angara Airlines
IrAero
Yakutia Airlines
Air Koryo
Produced 1959–1979
Number built 1,367 (including the Chinese Y-7)[1]
Variants Antonov An-26
Antonov An-30
Antonov An-32
Developed into Xian Y-7

Design and development edit

 
Polet Airlines An-24RV
 
An-24 at Uzhhorod, Ukraine 21 May 2005

First flown in 1959, the An-24 was produced in some 1,000 units of various versions; in 2023 there are 93 still in service worldwide, mostly in the CIS and Africa.[2]

It was designed to replace the veteran piston Ilyushin Il-14 transport on short to medium haul trips, optimised for operating from rough strips and unprepared airports in remote locations.[3] The high-wing layout protects engines and blades from debris, the power-to-weight ratio is higher than that of many comparable aircraft and the machine is rugged, requiring minimal ground support equipment.

Due to its rugged airframe and good performance, the An-24 was adapted to perform many secondary missions such as ice reconnaissance and engine/propeller test-bed, as well as further development to produce the An-26 tactical transport, An-30 photo-mapping/survey aircraft and An-32 tactical transport with more powerful engines. Various projects were envisaged such as a four jet short/medium haul airliner and various iterations of powerplant.

The main production line was at the Kyiv-Svyatoshino (later renamed "Aviant") aircraft production plant which built 985, with 180 built at Ulan Ude and a further 197 An-24T tactical transport/freighters at Irkutsk. Production in the USSR was shut down by 1978.

Production continues at China's Xi'an Aircraft Industrial Corporation which makes licensed, reverse-engineered and redesigned aircraft as the Xian Y-7, and its derivatives. Manufacture of the Y-7, in civil form, has now been supplanted by the MA60 derivative with western engines and avionics, to improve performance and economy, and widen the export appeal.

The aircraft introduced in Mongolia was initially planned to be used by the air force, but was eventually handed over to a private airline company for use, and some were later used in research facilities. Since then, as the aircraft has deteriorated, it has been stored in Ulaanbaatar.[4]

Total production edit

Total Production (Not including Chinese Y-7)[5] 1979 1978 1977 1976 1975 1974 1973 1972 1971 1970 1969 1968 1967 1966 1965 1964 1963 1962 1961 1960 1959
1285 1 2 15 25 45 88 83 82 91 135 136 158 166 112 62 44 25 9 1 4 1

Variants edit

 
Cockpit
An-24
Designation for prototypes. Four built.[6]
An-24A
(first use) Proposed production version powered by Kuznetsov NK-4 turboprops, discontinued when the NK-4 was cancelled.[6]
An-24A
(second use) Production 50-seat airliners built at Kyiv with the APU exhaust moved to the tip of the starboard nacelle.[7]
An-24ALK (Avtomatizeerovannaya [sistema] Lyotnovo Kontrolya – automatic flight check system)
Several An-24s were converted for navaids calibration tasks, with one An-24LR 'Toros' re-designated An-24ALK after conversion. This aircraft was fitted with a photo-theodolite and powerful light sources for the optical sensors.[8]
An-24AT
A 1962 project for a Tactical transport with rear loading ramp and powered by Isotov TV2-117DS coupled turboprops.[9]
An-24AT-RD (RD – Reaktivnyye Dvigateli – jet engines)
The An-24AT tactical transport project with two turbojet boosters pod-mounted under the outer wings and a wider loading ramp.[9]
An-24AT-U (Uskoriteli – boosters)
A projected Tactical transport from 1966 with three or five PRD-63 (Porokhovoy Raketnyy Dvigatel – gunpowder rocket engine) JATO bottles, wider cargo ramp and provision for up to three brake parachutes.[9]
An-24B
The second 50-seat airliner version with one extra window each side, single-slotted flaps replacing the double-slotted flaps and extended chord of the centre-section to compensate for the lower performance flaps. Some aircraft were delivered with four extra fuel bladders in the wing centre-section.[10]
An-24D
A projected long-range airliner version of the An-24B with a single RU-19 booster jet engine in the starboard nacelle, stretched fuselage with seating for 60, strengthened structure and increased fuel capacity.[11]
An-24LL (Letyushchaya Laboratoriya – flying laboratory)
The generic suffix LL can be applied to any test-bed, but in the An-24's case seems to refer to a single aircraft equipped for metrology (science of measurement), to be used for checking the airworthiness of production aircraft.[8]
An-24LP (LesoPozharnyy – forest fire fighter)
Three An-24RV aircraft converted into fire bombers/cloud seeders by installing a tank in the cabin, optical smoke and flame detectors, provision for a thermal imager, racks for carrying flare dispensers and the ability to carry firefighters for para-dropping.[12]
An-24LR 'Toros' (Ice Hummock)(Ledovyy Razvedchik – ice reconnaissance)
At least two An-24Bs converted to carry the 'Toros' SLAR (sideways looking airborne radar) either side of the lower fuselage, for ice reconnaissance, guiding icebreakers, convoys and other shipping.[13][note 1]
An-24LR 'Nit' (Thread)
One An-24B was converted to with 'Nit' SLAR in large pods along the lower fuselage sides.[14]
An-24PRT (Poiskovo-spasahtel'nyy Reaktivnyy [Uskoritel'] Transportnyy – SAR boosted transport)
The production search and rescue aircraft based on the An-24RT, eleven built.[15]
An-24PS (Poiskovo-Spasahtel'nyy – SAR)
A single An-24B aircraft converted for search and rescue duties, rejected after acceptance trials in favour of a derivative of the An-24RT.[16]
An-24RR ([samolyot] Radiotsionnyy Razvedchik – radiation reconnaissance [aircraft])
Four aircraft converted as Nuclear, biological and chemical warfare reconnaissance versions of the An-24B, carrying RR8311-100 air sampling pods low on the forward fuselage and a sensor pod on a pylon on the port fuselage side.[17]
An-24RT (Reaktivnyy [Uskoritel'] Transportnyy – boosted transport)
Similar to the AN-24T, fitted with an auxiliary turbojet engine.[18]
An-24RT (Retranslyator – relay installation)
A few An-24T and An-24RT aircraft converted to Communications relay aircraft. Sometimes referred to as An-24Rt to differentiate from the An-24RT.[19]
 
An-24RV of PLAAF at China Aviation Museum, Beijing
 
SAT Airlines' Antonov An-24RV
An-24RV (Reaktivnyy [Uskoritel'] V – boosted V)
Turbojet boosted export version, similar to the An-24V but fitted with a 1,985-lb (8830 N) thrust auxiliary turbojet engine in the starboard nacelle.[20]
An-24ShT (Shtabnoy Transportnyy – Staff/HQ transport)
A tactical Airborne Command Post for use by commanders, also capable of forming ground-based communications and HQ.[19]
An-24T (Transportnyy – transport)
(first use) Tactical transport version, rejected due to poor field performance and range, together with inability to load or air-drop vehicles during acceptance testing.[21]
An-24T (Transportnyy – transport)
(second use) A tactical transport version with a ventral loading hatch, cargo winch and escape hatch aft of the nose landing gear.[22]
An-24T 'Troyanda' (Ukrainian – rose)
From the 1960s the Soviet Union was faced with nuclear submarine threats that were virtually undetectable with the technology available. To assist in the development of advanced optical, chemical, sonic, infra-red and electromagnetic detection systems, several aircraft were built or modified as test-beds. One significant aircraft was the An-24T 'Troyanda' which was built new, for the development of sonobuoy and infra-red detection systems. As well as equipment inside the cabin, sensors could be mounted in large teardrop fairings either side of the lower forward fuselage, and extra equipment could be carried in extended wing centre-section fairings.[8]
An-24TV (Transportnyy V – transport V)
The export cargo version of the An-24T.[23]
An-24USh (Uchebno-Shturmanskiy (samolyot) – Navigator training aircraft)
Seven An-24Bs were converted to An-24USh navigator/air traffic controller trainers with five training stations and four standard rows of seats for trainees in waiting. Outwardly the USh was distinguishable by the bulged windows at each training station.[8]
An-24V-I
The initial export version of the An-24B 50-seat airliner with the early narrow chord inner wings, double-slotted flaps, single ventral fin.[24]
An-24V-II
Export late production 50-seat mixed passenger, cargo and freight aircraft with extended chord inner wing, single-slotted flaps, twin ventral fins and powered by AI-24T(SrsII) engines.[24]
An-26
Tactical transport with cargo ramp.
An-30
Survey/photo-mapping aircraft.
An-32
Designed to withstand adverse weather conditions better than the standard An-26.
An-34
The initial designation of the An-24T production tactical transport, discarded shortly after production began.[1]
An-44
Projected cargo aircraft developed from the An-24. Ice reconnaissance and transport versions were also planned.
An-50
A mid-1960s project for a jet-powered An-24, with four Ivchenko AI-25 turbofan engines in podded pairs, pylon mounted forward of the wings. Not proceeded with due to competition from the Yak-40.[1]
Xian Y-7
The Y-7 is a Chinese reverse-engineered version of the An-24/An-26 family.[1]
MA60
Upgraded and Westernised Y-7.
An-24
In the early 1990s, North Korea installed N-019 Topaz pulse-Doppler radars on at least one of its An-24 aircraft in an attempt to achieve a rudimentary Airborne Early Warning capability.[25]

Operators edit

Military operators edit

 
Antonov An 24PB of Bangladesh Air Force,displayed at Bangladesh Air Force museum
  North Korea
Korean People's Army Air Force - 1 (converted to a rudimentary airborne early warning aircraft)
  Russia
  Syria
Syrian Air Force – 1[27]
  Ukraine

Former military operators edit

  Afghanistan
The Afghan Air Force received six from 1975
  Algeria
Algerian Air Force
  Angola
People's Air and Air Defence Force of Angola
  Armenia
Armenian Air Force
  Azerbaijan
Azerbaijan Air Force
  Bangladesh
Bangladesh Air Force
  Belarus
Belarus Air Force
  Bulgaria
Bulgaria Air Force
  Cambodia
Royal Cambodian Air Force
  People's Republic of China
  Republic of the Congo
Congolese Air Force
  Cuba
Cuban Air Force
  Czech Republic
Czech air force (before 2005)
  Czechoslovakia
Czechoslovakian Air Force – No longer in service
  German Democratic Republic
Air Forces of the National People's Army
  Egypt
Egyptian Air Force
  Georgia
Georgian Air Force
  Guinea
Military of Guinea
  Guinea-Bissau
Military of Guinea-Bissau
  Equatorial Guinea
Equatorial Guinea Air Force
  Hungary
Hungarian Air Force, none in service, all retired in 1992
  Iran
Iranian Air Force
  Iraq
Iraqi Air Force
  Kazakhstan
Military of Kazakhstan
  Laos
  Lithuania
  Mali
Air Force of Mali - two[29]
  Moldova
Moldovan Air Force
  Mozambique
Military of Mozambique
  Nicaragua
Nicaraguan Air Force
  North Yemen
Yemen Arab Republic Air Force: three bought in 1979[30]
  Poland
Polish Air Force- 6 operated from 1966 to 1977; replaced with An-26
  Romania
Romanian Air Force – the last RoAF An-24 was retired in 2007.[31]
  Slovakia
Slovak Air Force - the last SAF An-24 was retired in 2006.
  Somalia
Somali Air Corps
  Soviet Union
  Sudan
Sudanese Air Force - at least five An-24TVs purchased from the USSR in the late 1960s. Retired in the late 1990s.[32]
  Turkmenistan
Military of Turkmenistan
  Uzbekistan
Military of Uzbekistan
  Vietnam
Vietnam People's Air Force
  Yemen
Yemen Air Force

Civil operators edit

As of July 2018, 86 An-24s were in airline service.[33]

Following fatal incidents in July 2011 Russian President (now Prime Minister) Dmitry Medvedev proposed the accelerated decommissioning of An-24s,[34] which resulted in a ban for this type from scheduled flights inside Russia.[35] However, later the ban was cancelled and, as of 2023, An-24 are still in limited commercial service in Russia.

  Ukraine
  Moldova
  • Air Moldova (6) Used on flights to CIS And as charter aircraft
  Russia
  Kazakhstan
Former civil operators edit

Civil operators have included:

  • Pan African Air Service
  Afghanistan
  Belarus
  Bulgaria
  Cambodia
  People's Republic of China
  Congo
  Cuba
  German Democratic Republic
  Egypt
  Guinea
  • Air Guinee
  • Union des Transports Africains (West Coast Airways)
  Iraq
  Kazakhstan
  Kyrgyzstan
  Laos
  Lithuania
 
Preserved An-24 at Aleksotas airport (S. Dariaus / S. Gireno) (EYKS), Kaunas
  Lebanon
  Mali
  Mongolia
  North Korea
  Pakistan
  Philippines
  Poland
  Romania
  Russia
  Somalia
  Sri Lanka
  Sudan
  Turkmenistan
  Soviet Union
  Ukraine
  United Arab Emirates
  Uzbekistan
An-24 operators within Aeroflot and post Soviet countries[1]
UGA – (Oopravleniye Grazhdahnskoy Aviahtsii
- Civil Aviation Directorate) 		OAO – (Otdel'nyy Aviaotryad – independent flight detachment) LO – (Lyotnyy Otryad – flight squad) / (Aviaeskadril'ya – squadrons) Home base CIS (Commonwealth of Independent States) Airline
Arkhangel'sk 2nd Arkhangel'sk 392nd Arkhangel'sk-Vas'kovo AVL Arkhangelsk Airlines
Azerbaijan Baku 360th / 1st & 3rd squadrons Baku-Bina AZAL (no An-24s)
Belorussian Gomel' 105th / 1st squadron Gomel' Gomelavia
1st Minsk 353rd Minsk-Loshitsa (Minsk-1) Belavia;Minsk-Avia
Mogilyov Mogilyov Mogilyov-Avia
Central Regions Belgorod Belgorod Belgorod Air Enterprise (no An-24s)
Bryansk Bryansk Bravia (Bryansk-Avia)
Bykovo 61st Moscow-Bykovo Bykovo Avia
Ivanovo Ivanovo-Yuzhnyy (Zhukovka) IGAP (Ivanovo State Air Enterprise)
Kostroma Kostroma Kostroma Air Enterprise
Kursk Kursk Kurskavia
Ryazan' Ryazan' Ryazan'aviatrans
Tambov 169th Tambov-Donskoye Aviata (Avalinii Tambova)
Tula 294th Tula Tula Air Enterprise
Voronezh 243rd Voronezh Voronezhavia
Vladimir Vladimir Vladimir Air Enterprise / Avialeso'okhrana
East Siberian Bobaido Bobaido Bobaido Air Enterprise
Chita 136th / 1st Squadron Chita Chita Avia
Irkutsk 134th Irkutsk-1 Baikal Airlines
Ust'-Ilimsk Ust'-Ilimsk Ust'-Ilimsk Air Enterprise
Ust'-Kut Ust'-Kut Ust'-Kut Air Enterprise
Ulan-Ude 138th Ulan-Ude / Mukhino Buryatia Airlines
Far Eastern Sakhalin CAPA / Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk UAD 147th / 1st Squadron Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk / Khomutvo Sakhalinskiye Aviatrassy
1st Khabarovsk 289th Khabarovsk Dalavia Far East Airlines Khabarovsk
Kazakh Chimkent 158th Chimkent Kazakhstan Airlines;Chimkent-Avia
Gur'yev 156th Gur'yev Kazakhstan Airlines;Atyrau Air Ways
Karaganda 14th Karaganda Kazakhstan Airlines
Kustanay 155th Kustanay Kazakhstan Airlines
Tselinograd 239th Tselinograd Kazakhstan Airlines;Air Astana
Kirghiz (dissolved by 1987)
Komi Syktyvkar 366th Syktyvkar Komiavia;Komiinteravia
Krasnoyarsk Abakan 130th Abakan Khakassia Airlines (Abakan A.E.)
Latvian Riga 106th / 2nd Squadron Riga-Spilve Latavio
Leningrad Pskov 320th / 2nd Squadron Pskov
Lithuanian Vilnius 277th / 4th Squadron Vilnius Lithuanian Airlines
Magadan Anadyr' Anadyr'-Ugol'nyy Chukotavia
Chaunskoye 6th Chaunskoye Chaunskoye Air Enterprise
1st Magadan 185th / (1st or 3rd Squadron) Magadan-Sokol Kolyma-Avia
Moldavian Kishinyov 407th Kishinyov Air Moldova
North Caucasian Astrakhan' 110th Astrakhan'-Narimanovo Astrakhan' Airlines
Krasnodar 241st/ 3rd Squadron Krasnodar ALK Kuban Airlines
Makhachkala 111th Makhachkala Daghestan Airlines
Stavropol' Stavropol' SAAK (Stavropol' Joint Stock AL)
Taganrog Taganrog Tavia
Tajik Leninabad 292nd / 2nd Squadron Leninabad Tajikistan Airlines
Training Establishments Directorate KVLUGA (Kirovograd Civil Aviation Higher Flying School) Kirovograd Ukraine State Flight Academy
Turkmen Ashkhabad 165th / 1st Squadron Ashkhabad Turkmenistan Airlines/Akhal
Krasnovodsk 360th / 1st Squadron Krasnovodsk Turkmenistan Airlines/Khazar
Mary Composite Independent Air Squadron Mary
Tashauz Tashauz
Tyumen' Salekhard Salekhard Tyumen' Avia Trans
Surgut 358th Surgut Surgut Avia
Ukrainian Donetsk Donetsk Donbas – East Ukrainian Airlines
Kyiv 86th / 2nd Squadron Kyiv-Zhulyany Air Ukraine / Avialinïi Ukraïny
Kirovograd Kirovograd-Khmelyovoye Air URGA
L'vov 88th L'vov Lviv Airlines
Simferopol 84th Simferopol Aviakompaniya Krym / Crimea AL
Voroshilovgrad Voroshilovgrad
Urals Izhevsk Izhevsk Izhavia
Kirov Kirov Kirov Air Enterprises (no An-24s)
Magnitogorsk Magnitogorsk Magnitogorsk Air Enterprise
1st Perm' Perm'-Bolshoye Savino Perm Airlines
1st Sverdlovsk Sverdlovsk-Kol'tsovo Ural Airlines [Yekaterinburg]
Uzbek Samarkand 163rd Samarkand Uzbekistan Airways
Tashkent 160th Tashkent-Yuzhnyy Uzbekistan Airways
Volga Cheboksary Cheboksary Cheboksary Air Enterprise
Cheboksary Nizhnekamsk Independent air Squadron Nizhnekamsk Nizhnekamsk Air Enterprise
Gor'kiy Gor'kiy-Strigino Nizhegorodskie Airlines (sic)
TatarCAPA / 1st Kazan' 408th Kazan' Tatarstan Airlines
Orenburg 195th / 2nd Squadron Orenburg-Tsentral'nyy Orenburg Airlines
Penza 396th Penza Penza Air Enterprise
Saransk Saransk
Saratov Saratov
Ufa 415th Ufa BAL Bashkirian Airlines
Yoshkar-Ola Yoshkar-Ola
West Siberian Kemerovo 196th Kemerovo
Kolpashevo Kolpashevo
Novosibirsk 6th(?) Novosibirsk-Severnyy 2nd Novosibirsk Air Enterprise
Tolmachevo 448th Novosibirsk-Tolmachevo Sibir'
Novokuznetsk 184th Novokuznetsk Aerokuznetsk
Omsk 365th / 2nd Squadron Omsk Omsk-Avia
Tomsk 119trh Tomsk Tomsk Avia
Yakutian Yakutsk 271st Yakutsk Sakha Avia
Mirny Mirny Almazy Rossii – Sakha (Alrosa)
GosNII GVF ("state scientific test institute for civil air fleet") Moscow - Sheremetyevo-1

Accidents edit

Main article: List of accidents and incidents involving the Antonov An-24

Specifications (An-24B) edit

 

Data from Jane's All the World's Aircraft 1976–77[37]

General characteristics

  • Crew: 3
  • Capacity: 50 passengers
  • Length: 23.53 m (77 ft 2 in)
  • Wingspan: 29.20 m (95 ft 10 in)
  • Height: 8.32 m (27 ft 4 in)
  • Wing area: 74.98 m2 (807.1 sq ft)
  • Aspect ratio: 11.7:1
  • Empty weight: 13,300 kg (29,321 lb)
  • Max takeoff weight: 21,000 kg (46,297 lb)
  • Fuel capacity: 5,550 L (1,470 US gal; 1,220 imp gal)
  • Powerplant: 2 × Ivchenko AI-24A turboprop engines, 1,900 kW (2,550 shp) each (eshp)
  • Propellers: 4-bladed AV-72 constant-speed propellers, 3.90 m (12 ft 10 in) diameter

Performance

  • Cruise speed: 450 km/h (280 mph, 240 kn) at 6,000 m (20,000 ft)
  • Range: 2,400 km (1,500 mi, 1,300 nmi) with maximum fuel; 550 km (340 mi; 300 nmi) with maximum payload
  • Service ceiling: 8,400 m (27,600 ft)
  • Rate of climb: 1.91 m/s (375 ft/min)

See also edit

Related development

Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era

Related lists

Notes edit

  1. ^ The An-24 incident at Gambell, Alaska occurred 27 February 1974, when a Soviet Antonov An-24LR "Toros" (CCCP-47195) ice reconnaissance aircraft, low on fuel, carrying three crew members and twelve scientists, landed at Gambell Airport.

References edit

Citations edit

  1. ^ a b c d e f g Gordon, Komissarov & Komissarov 2003
  2. ^ "AeroTransport Data Bank".
  3. ^ Stroud 1968, pp. 78–79
  4. ^ https://www.atlasobscura.com/places/antonov-an-24
  5. ^ "Антонов Ан-24". russianplanes.net. Retrieved 22 August 2019.
  6. ^ a b Gordon, Komissarov & Komissarov 2003, p. 16
  7. ^ Gordon, Komissarov & Komissarov 2003, pp. 16, 18
  8. ^ a b c d Gordon, Komissarov & Komissarov 2003, p. 36
  9. ^ a b c Gordon, Komissarov & Komissarov 2003, p. 20
  10. ^ Gordon, Komissarov & Komissarov 2003, pp. 20–22
  11. ^ Gordon, Komissarov & Komissarov 2003, pp. 23, 25
  12. ^ Gordon, Komissarov & Komissarov 2003, pp. 32–33
  13. ^ Gordon, Komissarov & Komissarov 2003, pp. 34–35
  14. ^ Gordon, Komissarov & Komissarov 2003, p. 35
  15. ^ Gordon, Komissarov & Komissarov 2003, p. 32
  16. ^ Gordon, Komissarov & Komissarov 2003, pp. 31–32
  17. ^ Gordon, Komissarov & Komissarov 2003, pp. 33–34
  18. ^ Gordon, Komissarov & Komissarov 2003, p. 30
  19. ^ a b Gordon, Komissarov & Komissarov 2003, p. 34
  20. ^ Gordon, Komissarov & Komissarov 2003, pp. 30–31
  21. ^ Gordon, Komissarov & Komissarov 2003, pp. 25–26
  22. ^ Gordon, Komissarov & Komissarov 2003, pp. 26–27
  23. ^ Gordon, Komissarov & Komissarov 2003, pp. 29–30
  24. ^ a b Gordon, Komissarov & Komissarov 2003, pp. 22–23
  25. ^ Bermudez, Joseph S. Jr. (April 2011). "MiG-29 in KPAF Service". KPA Journal. 2 (4): 2.
  26. ^ Hoyle 2015, p. 46
  27. ^ The military balance. 2023. James Hackett, International Institute for Strategic Studies. London. 2023. ISBN 978-1-003-40022-6. OCLC 1372013483.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) CS1 maint: others (link)
  28. ^ Hoyle 2015, p. 51
  29. ^ Cooper et al. 2011, p. 41
  30. ^ Cooper 2017, p. 40
  31. ^ Marnix Sap, Carlo Brummer: Fortele Aeriene Romane in: Lotnictwo Nr. 4/2010 (in Polish)
  32. ^ Cooper et al. 2011, p. 238
  33. ^ "World Airline Census 2018". Flightglobal.com. Retrieved 22 August 2018.
  34. ^ Odynova, Alexandra (15 July 2011). "Medvedev's Impossible Airplane Ban". The Moscow Times. Retrieved 3 January 2024.
  35. ^ "Во исполнение поручения Президента Российской Федерации Минтрансом России рассматривается возможность вывода самолетов Ан-24 из эксплуатации на регулярных воздушных линиях". press release. The Ministry of Transport of the Russian Federation. 11 July 2011. Retrieved 12 February 2013.
  36. ^ Cooper et al. 2011, p. 244
  37. ^ Taylor 1976, pp. 406–408

Bibliography edit

  • Cooper, Tom (2017). Hot Skies Over Yemen, Volume 1: Aerial Warfare Over the South Arabian Peninsula, 1962-1994. Solihull, UK: Helion & Company Publishing. ISBN 978-1-912174-23-2.
  • Cooper, Tom; Weinert, Peter; Hinz, Fabian; Lepko, Mark (2011). African MiGs, Volume 2: Madagascar to Zimbabwe. Houston: Harpia Publishing. ISBN 978-0-9825539-8-5.
  • Gordon, Yefim; Komissarov, Dmitry; Komissarov, Sergey (2003). Antonov's turboprop twins. Hinckley: Midland. ISBN 1-85780-153-9. OCLC 52325420.
  • Hoyle, Craig (8–14 December 2015). "World Air Forces Directory". Flight International. 188 (5517): 26–53.
  • Stroud, John (1968). Soviet transport aircraft since 1945. London: Putnam. ISBN 0-370-00126-5. OCLC 68589..
  • Taylor, John W. R., ed. (1976). Jane's all the world's aircraft 1976-77. London: Jane's Yearbooks. ISBN 0-354-00538-3. OCLC 85999217.
  • Thisdell, Dan; Fafard, Antoine (9–15 August 2016). "World Airliner Census". Flight International. 190 (5550): 20–43. ISSN 0015-3710.
  • . russianplanes.net. Archived from the original on 4 November 2015.

External links edit

  • Airliners.net
 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Antonov An-24.

January 01, 1970
antonov, russian, ukrainian, Антонов, Ан, nato, reporting, name, coke, seat, twin, turboprop, transport, passenger, aircraft, designed, 1957, soviet, union, antonov, design, bureau, manufactured, kyiv, irkutsk, ulan, aviation, factories, volga, avia, role, tra. The Antonov An 24 Russian Ukrainian Antonov An 24 NATO reporting name Coke is a 44 seat twin turboprop transport passenger aircraft designed in 1957 in the Soviet Union by the Antonov Design Bureau 1 and manufactured by Kyiv Irkutsk and Ulan Ude Aviation Factories An 24 Volga Avia Antonov An 24 Role Transport aircraft Turboprop Regional airliner National origin Soviet Union Manufacturer Antonov First flight 29 October 1959 1 Introduction 1962 Status Active service Primary users UTair CargoAngara Airlines IrAero Yakutia Airlines Air Koryo Produced 1959 1979 Number built 1 367 including the Chinese Y 7 1 Variants Antonov An 26 Antonov An 30 Antonov An 32 Developed into Xian Y 7 Contents 1 Design and development 1 1 Total production 2 Variants 3 Operators 3 1 Military operators 3 1 1 Former military operators 3 1 2 Civil operators 3 1 2 1 Former civil operators 4 Accidents 5 Specifications An 24B 6 See also 7 Notes 8 References 8 1 Citations 8 2 Bibliography 9 External linksDesign and development edit nbsp Polet Airlines An 24RV nbsp An 24 at Uzhhorod Ukraine 21 May 2005 This section needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources in this section Unsourced material may be challenged and removed July 2018 Learn how and when to remove this message First flown in 1959 the An 24 was produced in some 1 000 units of various versions in 2023 there are 93 still in service worldwide mostly in the CIS and Africa 2 It was designed to replace the veteran piston Ilyushin Il 14 transport on short to medium haul trips optimised for operating from rough strips and unprepared airports in remote locations 3 The high wing layout protects engines and blades from debris the power to weight ratio is higher than that of many comparable aircraft and the machine is rugged requiring minimal ground support equipment Due to its rugged airframe and good performance the An 24 was adapted to perform many secondary missions such as ice reconnaissance and engine propeller test bed as well as further development to produce the An 26 tactical transport An 30 photo mapping survey aircraft and An 32 tactical transport with more powerful engines Various projects were envisaged such as a four jet short medium haul airliner and various iterations of powerplant The main production line was at the Kyiv Svyatoshino later renamed Aviant aircraft production plant which built 985 with 180 built at Ulan Ude and a further 197 An 24T tactical transport freighters at Irkutsk Production in the USSR was shut down by 1978 Production continues at China s Xi an Aircraft Industrial Corporation which makes licensed reverse engineered and redesigned aircraft as the Xian Y 7 and its derivatives Manufacture of the Y 7 in civil form has now been supplanted by the MA60 derivative with western engines and avionics to improve performance and economy and widen the export appeal The aircraft introduced in Mongolia was initially planned to be used by the air force but was eventually handed over to a private airline company for use and some were later used in research facilities Since then as the aircraft has deteriorated it has been stored in Ulaanbaatar 4 Total production edit Total Production Not including Chinese Y 7 5 1979 1978 1977 1976 1975 1974 1973 1972 1971 1970 1969 1968 1967 1966 1965 1964 1963 1962 1961 1960 1959 1285 1 2 15 25 45 88 83 82 91 135 136 158 166 112 62 44 25 9 1 4 1Variants edit nbsp Cockpit An 24 Designation for prototypes Four built 6 An 24A first use Proposed production version powered by Kuznetsov NK 4 turboprops discontinued when the NK 4 was cancelled 6 An 24A second use Production 50 seat airliners built at Kyiv with the APU exhaust moved to the tip of the starboard nacelle 7 An 24ALK Avtomatizeerovannaya sistema Lyotnovo Kontrolya automatic flight check system Several An 24s were converted for navaids calibration tasks with one An 24LR Toros re designated An 24ALK after conversion This aircraft was fitted with a photo theodolite and powerful light sources for the optical sensors 8 An 24AT A 1962 project for a Tactical transport with rear loading ramp and powered by Isotov TV2 117DS coupled turboprops 9 An 24AT RD RD Reaktivnyye Dvigateli jet engines The An 24AT tactical transport project with two turbojet boosters pod mounted under the outer wings and a wider loading ramp 9 An 24AT U Uskoriteli boosters A projected Tactical transport from 1966 with three or five PRD 63 Porokhovoy Raketnyy Dvigatel gunpowder rocket engine JATO bottles wider cargo ramp and provision for up to three brake parachutes 9 An 24B The second 50 seat airliner version with one extra window each side single slotted flaps replacing the double slotted flaps and extended chord of the centre section to compensate for the lower performance flaps Some aircraft were delivered with four extra fuel bladders in the wing centre section 10 An 24D A projected long range airliner version of the An 24B with a single RU 19 booster jet engine in the starboard nacelle stretched fuselage with seating for 60 strengthened structure and increased fuel capacity 11 An 24LL Letyushchaya Laboratoriya flying laboratory The generic suffix LL can be applied to any test bed but in the An 24 s case seems to refer to a single aircraft equipped for metrology science of measurement to be used for checking the airworthiness of production aircraft 8 An 24LP LesoPozharnyy forest fire fighter Three An 24RV aircraft converted into fire bombers cloud seeders by installing a tank in the cabin optical smoke and flame detectors provision for a thermal imager racks for carrying flare dispensers and the ability to carry firefighters for para dropping 12 An 24LR Toros Ice Hummock Ledovyy Razvedchik ice reconnaissance At least two An 24Bs converted to carry the Toros SLAR sideways looking airborne radar either side of the lower fuselage for ice reconnaissance guiding icebreakers convoys and other shipping 13 note 1 An 24LR Nit Thread One An 24B was converted to with Nit SLAR in large pods along the lower fuselage sides 14 An 24PRT Poiskovo spasahtel nyy Reaktivnyy Uskoritel Transportnyy SAR boosted transport The production search and rescue aircraft based on the An 24RT eleven built 15 An 24PS Poiskovo Spasahtel nyy SAR A single An 24B aircraft converted for search and rescue duties rejected after acceptance trials in favour of a derivative of the An 24RT 16 An 24RR samolyot Radiotsionnyy Razvedchik radiation reconnaissance aircraft Four aircraft converted as Nuclear biological and chemical warfare reconnaissance versions of the An 24B carrying RR8311 100 air sampling pods low on the forward fuselage and a sensor pod on a pylon on the port fuselage side 17 An 24RT Reaktivnyy Uskoritel Transportnyy boosted transport Similar to the AN 24T fitted with an auxiliary turbojet engine 18 An 24RT Retranslyator relay installation A few An 24T and An 24RT aircraft converted to Communications relay aircraft Sometimes referred to as An 24Rt to differentiate from the An 24RT 19 nbsp An 24RV of PLAAF at China Aviation Museum Beijing nbsp SAT Airlines Antonov An 24RV An 24RV Reaktivnyy Uskoritel V boosted V Turbojet boosted export version similar to the An 24V but fitted with a 1 985 lb 8830 N thrust auxiliary turbojet engine in the starboard nacelle 20 An 24ShT Shtabnoy Transportnyy Staff HQ transport A tactical Airborne Command Post for use by commanders also capable of forming ground based communications and HQ 19 An 24T Transportnyy transport first use Tactical transport version rejected due to poor field performance and range together with inability to load or air drop vehicles during acceptance testing 21 An 24T Transportnyy transport second use A tactical transport version with a ventral loading hatch cargo winch and escape hatch aft of the nose landing gear 22 An 24T Troyanda Ukrainian rose From the 1960s the Soviet Union was faced with nuclear submarine threats that were virtually undetectable with the technology available To assist in the development of advanced optical chemical sonic infra red and electromagnetic detection systems several aircraft were built or modified as test beds One significant aircraft was the An 24T Troyanda which was built new for the development of sonobuoy and infra red detection systems As well as equipment inside the cabin sensors could be mounted in large teardrop fairings either side of the lower forward fuselage and extra equipment could be carried in extended wing centre section fairings 8 An 24TV Transportnyy V transport V The export cargo version of the An 24T 23 An 24USh Uchebno Shturmanskiy samolyot Navigator training aircraft Seven An 24Bs were converted to An 24USh navigator air traffic controller trainers with five training stations and four standard rows of seats for trainees in waiting Outwardly the USh was distinguishable by the bulged windows at each training station 8 An 24V I The initial export version of the An 24B 50 seat airliner with the early narrow chord inner wings double slotted flaps single ventral fin 24 An 24V II Export late production 50 seat mixed passenger cargo and freight aircraft with extended chord inner wing single slotted flaps twin ventral fins and powered by AI 24T SrsII engines 24 An 26 Tactical transport with cargo ramp An 30 Survey photo mapping aircraft An 32 Designed to withstand adverse weather conditions better than the standard An 26 An 34 The initial designation of the An 24T production tactical transport discarded shortly after production began 1 An 44 Projected cargo aircraft developed from the An 24 Ice reconnaissance and transport versions were also planned An 50 A mid 1960s project for a jet powered An 24 with four Ivchenko AI 25 turbofan engines in podded pairs pylon mounted forward of the wings Not proceeded with due to competition from the Yak 40 1 Xian Y 7 The Y 7 is a Chinese reverse engineered version of the An 24 An 26 family 1 MA60 Upgraded and Westernised Y 7 An 24 In the early 1990s North Korea installed N 019 Topaz pulse Doppler radars on at least one of its An 24 aircraft in an attempt to achieve a rudimentary Airborne Early Warning capability 25 Operators editMilitary operators edit nbsp Antonov An 24PB of Bangladesh Air Force displayed at Bangladesh Air Force museum nbsp North Korea Korean People s Army Air Force 1 converted to a rudimentary airborne early warning aircraft nbsp Russia Russian Air Force citation needed Russian Naval Aviation 26 nbsp Syria Syrian Air Force 1 27 nbsp Ukraine Ukrainian Air Force 28 Former military operators edit nbsp Afghanistan The Afghan Air Force received six from 1975 nbsp Algeria Algerian Air Force nbsp Angola People s Air and Air Defence Force of Angola nbsp Armenia Armenian Air Force nbsp Azerbaijan Azerbaijan Air Force nbsp Bangladesh Bangladesh Air Force nbsp Belarus Belarus Air Force nbsp Bulgaria Bulgaria Air Force nbsp Cambodia Royal Cambodian Air Force nbsp People s Republic of China People s Liberation Army Air Force as Xian Y 7 People s Liberation Army Navy Air Force nbsp Republic of the Congo Congolese Air Force nbsp Cuba Cuban Air Force nbsp Czech Republic Czech air force before 2005 nbsp Czechoslovakia Czechoslovakian Air Force No longer in service nbsp German Democratic Republic Air Forces of the National People s Army nbsp Egypt Egyptian Air Force nbsp Georgia Georgian Air Force nbsp Guinea Military of Guinea nbsp Guinea Bissau Military of Guinea Bissau nbsp Equatorial Guinea Equatorial Guinea Air Force nbsp Hungary Hungarian Air Force none in service all retired in 1992 nbsp Iran Iranian Air Force nbsp Iraq Iraqi Air Force nbsp Kazakhstan Military of Kazakhstan nbsp Laos Pathet Lao Lao People s Liberation Army Air Force nbsp Lithuania Lithuanian Air Force nbsp Mali Air Force of Mali two 29 nbsp Moldova Moldovan Air Force nbsp Mozambique Military of Mozambique nbsp Nicaragua Nicaraguan Air Force nbsp North Yemen Yemen Arab Republic Air Force three bought in 1979 30 nbsp Poland Polish Air Force 6 operated from 1966 to 1977 replaced with An 26 nbsp Romania Romanian Air Force the last RoAF An 24 was retired in 2007 31 nbsp Slovakia Slovak Air Force the last SAF An 24 was retired in 2006 nbsp Somalia Somali Air Corps nbsp Soviet Union Soviet Air Force Soviet Naval Aviation nbsp Sudan Sudanese Air Force at least five An 24TVs purchased from the USSR in the late 1960s Retired in the late 1990s 32 nbsp Turkmenistan Military of Turkmenistan nbsp Uzbekistan Military of Uzbekistan nbsp Vietnam Vietnam People s Air Force nbsp Yemen Yemen Air Force Civil operators edit As of July 2018 86 An 24s were in airline service 33 Following fatal incidents in July 2011 Russian President now Prime Minister Dmitry Medvedev proposed the accelerated decommissioning of An 24s 34 which resulted in a ban for this type from scheduled flights inside Russia 35 However later the ban was cancelled and as of 2023 An 24 are still in limited commercial service in Russia nbsp Ukraine Motor Sich Airlines 3 nbsp Moldova Air Moldova 6 Used on flights to CIS And as charter aircraft nbsp Russia Angara Airlines 5 Komiaviatrans 2 ALROSA airline 3 IrAero 11 KrasAvia 3 Khabarovsk Airlines 4 Polar Airlines 13 Largest passenger operatior of An 24 Yakutia Airlines 4 nbsp Kazakhstan SCAT Airlines 7 Former civil operators edit Civil operators have included Pan African Air Service nbsp Afghanistan Ariana Afghan Airlines Pamir Airways nbsp Belarus Belavia nbsp Bulgaria Balkan Bulgarian Airlines nbsp Cambodia PMTair President Airlines Royal Khmer Airlines nbsp People s Republic of China CAAC Airlines China Southern Airlines nbsp Congo Lina Congo nbsp Cuba Aero Caribbean Cubana nbsp German Democratic Republic Interflug nbsp Egypt Egyptair Misrair nbsp Guinea Air Guinee Union des Transports Africains West Coast Airways nbsp Iraq Iraqi Airways nbsp Kazakhstan Air Kazakhstan nbsp Kyrgyzstan Kyrgyzstan Air Company nbsp Laos Lao Aviation nbsp Lithuania Lithuanian Airlines 1991 1996 nbsp Preserved An 24 at Aleksotas airport S Dariaus S Gireno EYKS Kaunas nbsp Lebanon Lebanese Air Transport nbsp Mali Air Mali 1960 1989 nbsp Mongolia MIAT Mongolian Airlines Hangard Airlines nbsp North Korea Air Koryo nbsp Pakistan Askari Aviation nbsp Philippines Mosphil Aero nbsp Poland LOT Polish Airlines nbsp Romania TAROM nbsp Russia Aeroflot Novosibirsk Air Enterprise UT Air nbsp Somalia Jubba Airways nbsp Sri Lanka Lionair nbsp Sudan Marsland Aviation 36 nbsp Turkmenistan Turkmenistan Airlines 22 nbsp Soviet Union Aeroflot nbsp Ukraine Aerosvit nbsp United Arab Emirates Daallo Airlines nbsp Uzbekistan Uzbekistan Airways An 24 operators within Aeroflot and post Soviet countries 1 UGA Oopravleniye Grazhdahnskoy Aviahtsii Civil Aviation Directorate OAO Otdel nyy Aviaotryad independent flight detachment LO Lyotnyy Otryad flight squad Aviaeskadril ya squadrons Home base CIS Commonwealth of Independent States Airline Arkhangel sk 2nd Arkhangel sk 392nd Arkhangel sk Vas kovo AVL Arkhangelsk Airlines Azerbaijan Baku 360th 1st amp 3rd squadrons Baku Bina AZAL no An 24s Belorussian Gomel 105th 1st squadron Gomel Gomelavia 1st Minsk 353rd Minsk Loshitsa Minsk 1 Belavia Minsk Avia Mogilyov Mogilyov Mogilyov Avia Central Regions Belgorod Belgorod Belgorod Air Enterprise no An 24s Bryansk Bryansk Bravia Bryansk Avia Bykovo 61st Moscow Bykovo Bykovo Avia Ivanovo Ivanovo Yuzhnyy Zhukovka IGAP Ivanovo State Air Enterprise Kostroma Kostroma Kostroma Air Enterprise Kursk Kursk Kurskavia Ryazan Ryazan Ryazan aviatrans Tambov 169th Tambov Donskoye Aviata Avalinii Tambova Tula 294th Tula Tula Air Enterprise Voronezh 243rd Voronezh Voronezhavia Vladimir Vladimir Vladimir Air Enterprise Avialeso okhrana East Siberian Bobaido Bobaido Bobaido Air Enterprise Chita 136th 1st Squadron Chita Chita Avia Irkutsk 134th Irkutsk 1 Baikal Airlines Ust Ilimsk Ust Ilimsk Ust Ilimsk Air Enterprise Ust Kut Ust Kut Ust Kut Air Enterprise Ulan Ude 138th Ulan Ude Mukhino Buryatia Airlines Far Eastern Sakhalin CAPA Yuzhno Sakhalinsk UAD 147th 1st Squadron Yuzhno Sakhalinsk Khomutvo Sakhalinskiye Aviatrassy 1st Khabarovsk 289th Khabarovsk Dalavia Far East Airlines Khabarovsk Kazakh Chimkent 158th Chimkent Kazakhstan Airlines Chimkent Avia Gur yev 156th Gur yev Kazakhstan Airlines Atyrau Air Ways Karaganda 14th Karaganda Kazakhstan Airlines Kustanay 155th Kustanay Kazakhstan Airlines Tselinograd 239th Tselinograd Kazakhstan Airlines Air Astana Kirghiz dissolved by 1987 Komi Syktyvkar 366th Syktyvkar Komiavia Komiinteravia Krasnoyarsk Abakan 130th Abakan Khakassia Airlines Abakan A E Latvian Riga 106th 2nd Squadron Riga Spilve Latavio Leningrad Pskov 320th 2nd Squadron Pskov Lithuanian Vilnius 277th 4th Squadron Vilnius Lithuanian Airlines Magadan Anadyr Anadyr Ugol nyy Chukotavia Chaunskoye 6th Chaunskoye Chaunskoye Air Enterprise 1st Magadan 185th 1st or 3rd Squadron Magadan Sokol Kolyma Avia Moldavian Kishinyov 407th Kishinyov Air Moldova North Caucasian Astrakhan 110th Astrakhan Narimanovo Astrakhan Airlines Krasnodar 241st 3rd Squadron Krasnodar ALK Kuban Airlines Makhachkala 111th Makhachkala Daghestan Airlines Stavropol Stavropol SAAK Stavropol Joint Stock AL Taganrog Taganrog Tavia Tajik Leninabad 292nd 2nd Squadron Leninabad Tajikistan Airlines Training Establishments Directorate KVLUGA Kirovograd Civil Aviation Higher Flying School Kirovograd Ukraine State Flight Academy Turkmen Ashkhabad 165th 1st Squadron Ashkhabad Turkmenistan Airlines Akhal Krasnovodsk 360th 1st Squadron Krasnovodsk Turkmenistan Airlines Khazar Mary Composite Independent Air Squadron Mary Tashauz Tashauz Tyumen Salekhard Salekhard Tyumen Avia Trans Surgut 358th Surgut Surgut Avia Ukrainian Donetsk Donetsk Donbas East Ukrainian Airlines Kyiv 86th 2nd Squadron Kyiv Zhulyany Air Ukraine Avialinii Ukrainy Kirovograd Kirovograd Khmelyovoye Air URGA L vov 88th L vov Lviv Airlines Simferopol 84th Simferopol Aviakompaniya Krym Crimea AL Voroshilovgrad Voroshilovgrad Urals Izhevsk Izhevsk Izhavia Kirov Kirov Kirov Air Enterprises no An 24s Magnitogorsk Magnitogorsk Magnitogorsk Air Enterprise 1st Perm Perm Bolshoye Savino Perm Airlines 1st Sverdlovsk Sverdlovsk Kol tsovo Ural Airlines Yekaterinburg Uzbek Samarkand 163rd Samarkand Uzbekistan Airways Tashkent 160th Tashkent Yuzhnyy Uzbekistan Airways Volga Cheboksary Cheboksary Cheboksary Air Enterprise Cheboksary Nizhnekamsk Independent air Squadron Nizhnekamsk Nizhnekamsk Air Enterprise Gor kiy Gor kiy Strigino Nizhegorodskie Airlines sic TatarCAPA 1st Kazan 408th Kazan Tatarstan Airlines Orenburg 195th 2nd Squadron Orenburg Tsentral nyy Orenburg Airlines Penza 396th Penza Penza Air Enterprise Saransk Saransk Saratov Saratov Ufa 415th Ufa BAL Bashkirian Airlines Yoshkar Ola Yoshkar Ola West Siberian Kemerovo 196th Kemerovo Kolpashevo Kolpashevo Novosibirsk 6th Novosibirsk Severnyy 2nd Novosibirsk Air Enterprise Tolmachevo 448th Novosibirsk Tolmachevo Sibir Novokuznetsk 184th Novokuznetsk Aerokuznetsk Omsk 365th 2nd Squadron Omsk Omsk Avia Tomsk 119trh Tomsk Tomsk Avia Yakutian Yakutsk 271st Yakutsk Sakha Avia Mirny Mirny Almazy Rossii Sakha Alrosa GosNII GVF state scientific test institute for civil air fleet Moscow Sheremetyevo 1Accidents editMain article List of accidents and incidents involving the Antonov An 24Specifications An 24B edit nbsp Data from Jane s All the World s Aircraft 1976 77 37 General characteristicsCrew 3 Capacity 50 passengers Length 23 53 m 77 ft 2 in Wingspan 29 20 m 95 ft 10 in Height 8 32 m 27 ft 4 in Wing area 74 98 m2 807 1 sq ft Aspect ratio 11 7 1 Empty weight 13 300 kg 29 321 lb Max takeoff weight 21 000 kg 46 297 lb Fuel capacity 5 550 L 1 470 US gal 1 220 imp gal Powerplant 2 Ivchenko AI 24A turboprop engines 1 900 kW 2 550 shp each eshp Propellers 4 bladed AV 72 constant speed propellers 3 90 m 12 ft 10 in diameter Performance Cruise speed 450 km h 280 mph 240 kn at 6 000 m 20 000 ft Range 2 400 km 1 500 mi 1 300 nmi with maximum fuel 550 km 340 mi 300 nmi with maximum payload Service ceiling 8 400 m 27 600 ft Rate of climb 1 91 m s 375 ft min See also editRelated development Antonov An 26 Antonov An 30 Antonov An 32 Antonov An 50 Antonov Taqnia An 132 Xian MA60 Aircraft of comparable role configuration and era Fokker F27 Hawker Siddeley HS 748 Handley Page Dart Herald Related lists List of civil aircraft List of military aircraft of the Soviet Union and the CISNotes edit The An 24 incident at Gambell Alaska occurred 27 February 1974 when a Soviet Antonov An 24LR Toros CCCP 47195 ice reconnaissance aircraft low on fuel carrying three crew members and twelve scientists landed at Gambell Airport References editCitations edit a b c d e f g Gordon Komissarov amp Komissarov 2003 AeroTransport Data Bank Stroud 1968 pp 78 79 https www atlasobscura com places antonov an 24 Antonov An 24 russianplanes net Retrieved 22 August 2019 a b Gordon Komissarov amp Komissarov 2003 p 16 Gordon Komissarov amp Komissarov 2003 pp 16 18 a b c d Gordon Komissarov amp Komissarov 2003 p 36 a b c Gordon Komissarov amp Komissarov 2003 p 20 Gordon Komissarov amp Komissarov 2003 pp 20 22 Gordon Komissarov amp Komissarov 2003 pp 23 25 Gordon Komissarov amp Komissarov 2003 pp 32 33 Gordon Komissarov amp Komissarov 2003 pp 34 35 Gordon Komissarov amp Komissarov 2003 p 35 Gordon Komissarov amp Komissarov 2003 p 32 Gordon Komissarov amp Komissarov 2003 pp 31 32 Gordon Komissarov amp Komissarov 2003 pp 33 34 Gordon Komissarov amp Komissarov 2003 p 30 a b Gordon Komissarov amp Komissarov 2003 p 34 Gordon Komissarov amp Komissarov 2003 pp 30 31 Gordon Komissarov amp Komissarov 2003 pp 25 26 Gordon Komissarov amp Komissarov 2003 pp 26 27 Gordon Komissarov amp Komissarov 2003 pp 29 30 a b Gordon Komissarov amp Komissarov 2003 pp 22 23 Bermudez Joseph S Jr April 2011 MiG 29 in KPAF Service KPA Journal 2 4 2 Hoyle 2015 p 46 The military balance 2023 James Hackett International Institute for Strategic Studies London 2023 ISBN 978 1 003 40022 6 OCLC 1372013483 a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a CS1 maint location missing publisher link CS1 maint others link Hoyle 2015 p 51 Cooper et al 2011 p 41 Cooper 2017 p 40 Marnix Sap Carlo Brummer Fortele Aeriene Romane in Lotnictwo Nr 4 2010 in Polish Cooper et al 2011 p 238 World Airline Census 2018 Flightglobal com Retrieved 22 August 2018 Odynova Alexandra 15 July 2011 Medvedev s Impossible Airplane Ban The Moscow Times Retrieved 3 January 2024 Vo ispolnenie porucheniya Prezidenta Rossijskoj Federacii Mintransom Rossii rassmatrivaetsya vozmozhnost vyvoda samoletov An 24 iz ekspluatacii na regulyarnyh vozdushnyh liniyah press release The Ministry of Transport of the Russian Federation 11 July 2011 Retrieved 12 February 2013 Cooper et al 2011 p 244 Taylor 1976 pp 406 408 Bibliography edit Cooper Tom 2017 Hot Skies Over Yemen Volume 1 Aerial Warfare Over the South Arabian Peninsula 1962 1994 Solihull UK Helion amp Company Publishing ISBN 978 1 912174 23 2 Cooper Tom Weinert Peter Hinz Fabian Lepko Mark 2011 African MiGs Volume 2 Madagascar to Zimbabwe Houston Harpia Publishing ISBN 978 0 9825539 8 5 Gordon Yefim Komissarov Dmitry Komissarov Sergey 2003 Antonov s turboprop twins Hinckley Midland ISBN 1 85780 153 9 OCLC 52325420 Hoyle Craig 8 14 December 2015 World Air Forces Directory Flight International 188 5517 26 53 Stroud John 1968 Soviet transport aircraft since 1945 London Putnam ISBN 0 370 00126 5 OCLC 68589 Taylor John W R ed 1976 Jane s all the world s aircraft 1976 77 London Jane s Yearbooks ISBN 0 354 00538 3 OCLC 85999217 Thisdell Dan Fafard Antoine 9 15 August 2016 World Airliner Census Flight International 190 5550 20 43 ISSN 0015 3710 Antonov An 24 russianplanes net Archived from the original on 4 November 2015 External links editAirliners net nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Antonov An 24 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Antonov An 24 amp oldid 1223869880, wikipedia, wiki, 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