An antheridium is a haploid structure or organ producing and containing male gametes (called antherozoids or sperm). The plural form is antheridia, and a structure containing one or more antheridia is called an androecium.[1] Androecium is also the collective term for the stamens of flowering plants.
General structure of antheridia. Antheridia consist of a thin cellular layer that holds many sperm inside. Here, the diagram of a liverwort antheridium is shown.
The female counterpart to the antheridium in cryptogams is the archegonium, and in flowering plants is the gynoecium.
An antheridium typically consists of sterile cells and spermatogenous tissue. The sterile cells may form a central support structure or surround the spermatogenous tissue as a protective jacket. The spermatogenous cells give rise to spermatids via mitotic cell division. In some bryophytes, the antheridium is borne on an antheridiophore, a stalk-like structure that carries the antheridium at its apex.[3]
Hornworts have antheridia, in some cases arranged within androecia.
Microsporangia produce spores that give rise to male gametophytes.
ReferencesEdit
^D. Christine Cargill; Karen S. Renzaglia; Juan Carlos Villarreal & R. Joel Duff (2005), "Generic concepts within hornworts: Historical review, contemporary insights and future directions", Australian Systematic Botany, 18: 7–16, doi:10.1071/sb04012
^Voeller, Bruce (1971). "Developmental Physiology of Fern Gametophytes: Relevance for Biology" (PDF). BioScience. 21 (6): 266–270. doi:10.2307/1295968. JSTOR 1295968 – via JSTOR.
^Shimamura, Masaki (2016-02-01), "Marchantia polymorpha: Taxonomy, Phylogeny and Morphology of a Model System", Plant and Cell Physiology, 57 (2): 230–256, doi:10.1093/pcp/pcv192, ISSN 0032-0781, PMID 26657892
Further readingEdit
C.Michael Hogan. 2010. . Washington, DC
August 25, 2023
antheridium, antheridium, haploid, structure, organ, producing, containing, male, gametes, called, antherozoids, sperm, plural, form, antheridia, structure, containing, more, antheridia, called, androecium, androecium, also, collective, term, stamens, flowerin. An antheridium is a haploid structure or organ producing and containing male gametes called antherozoids or sperm The plural form is antheridia and a structure containing one or more antheridia is called an androecium 1 Androecium is also the collective term for the stamens of flowering plants General structure of antheridia Antheridia consist of a thin cellular layer that holds many sperm inside Here the diagram of a liverwort antheridium is shown Antheridia are present in the gametophyte phase of cryptogams like bryophytes and ferns 2 Many algae and some fungi for example ascomycetes and water moulds also have antheridia during their reproductive stages In gymnosperms and angiosperms the male gametophytes have been reduced to pollen grains and in most of these the antheridia have been reduced to a single generative cell within the pollen grain During pollination this generative cell divides and gives rise to sperm cells The female counterpart to the antheridium in cryptogams is the archegonium and in flowering plants is the gynoecium An antheridium typically consists of sterile cells and spermatogenous tissue The sterile cells may form a central support structure or surround the spermatogenous tissue as a protective jacket The spermatogenous cells give rise to spermatids via mitotic cell division In some bryophytes the antheridium is borne on an antheridiophore a stalk like structure that carries the antheridium at its apex 3 Contents 1 Gallery 2 See also 3 References 4 Further readingGallery Edit Oogonium larger and antheridium with red centre of the alga Chara produced on the stem of a plant Magnified view of developing antheridia in Hypnum cupressiforme Moss flowers each shoot has a cluster of antheridia i e an androecium Sperm of the liverwort Marchantia polymorpha are produced on the upper surface of antheridiophores Cross sectional micrograph of the antheridial head of Marchantia sp showing antheridia containing spermatogenous tissue Antheridium indicated by the red box of an Equisetum sp Micrograph of antheridium anatomy in Porella a leafy liverwortSee also EditHornworts have antheridia in some cases arranged within androecia Microsporangia produce spores that give rise to male gametophytes References Edit D Christine Cargill Karen S Renzaglia Juan Carlos Villarreal amp R Joel Duff 2005 Generic concepts within hornworts Historical review contemporary insights and future directions Australian Systematic Botany 18 7 16 doi 10 1071 sb04012 Voeller Bruce 1971 Developmental Physiology of Fern Gametophytes Relevance for Biology PDF BioScience 21 6 266 270 doi 10 2307 1295968 JSTOR 1295968 via JSTOR Shimamura Masaki 2016 02 01 Marchantia polymorpha Taxonomy Phylogeny and Morphology of a Model System Plant and Cell Physiology 57 2 230 256 doi 10 1093 pcp pcv192 ISSN 0032 0781 PMID 26657892Further reading EditC Michael Hogan 2010 Fern Encyclopedia of Earth National council for Science and the Environment Washington DC Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Antheridium amp oldid 1131238489, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
