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Antonio Damasio

February 15, 2024

Antonio Damasio (Portuguese: António Damásio) is a Portuguese neuroscientist. He is currently the David Dornsife Chair in Neuroscience, as well as Professor of Psychology, Philosophy, and Neurology, at the University of Southern California, and, additionally, an adjunct professor at the Salk Institute.[1] He was previously the chair of neurology at the University of Iowa for 20 years.[2] Damasio heads the Brain and Creativity Institute, and has authored several books: his work, Self Comes to Mind: Constructing the Conscious Brain (2010), explores the relationship between the brain and consciousness.[3] Damasio's research in neuroscience has shown that emotions play a central role in social cognition and decision-making.[4]

Antonio Damasio
Damasio at the Fronteiras do Pensamento conference in 2013.
Born (1944-02-25) 25 February 1944 (age 79)
Lisbon, Portugal
NationalityPortuguese
Alma materUniversity of Lisbon
SpouseHanna Damasio
AwardsPessoa Prize (1992)
Golden Brain Award (1995)
Prince of Asturias Prize (2005)
Honda Prize (2010)
Grawemeyer Award in Psychology (2014)
Paul D. MacLean Award (2019)
Scientific career
FieldsCognitive Neuroscience
InstitutionsUniversity of Southern California, University of Iowa
ThesisPerturbações neurológicas da linguagem e de outras funções simbólicas (1974)
Councilor of State
In office
24 April 2017 – 14 February 2024
PresidentMarcelo Rebelo de Sousa
Preceded byAntónio Guterres
Succeeded byJoana Carneiro
Websitewww.antoniodamasio.com

Life and work edit

During the 1960s, "Damasio studied medicine at the University of Lisbon Medical School, where he also did his neurological residency and completed his doctorate in 1974."[5] "For part of his studies, he researched behavioral neurology under the supervision of Norman Geschwind of the Aphasia Research Center in Boston."[5]

Damasio's main field is neurobiology, especially the neural systems which underlie emotion, decision-making, memory, language and consciousness. Damasio might believe that emotions play a critical role in high-level cognition—an idea counter to dominant 20th-century views in psychology, neuroscience and philosophy.[citation needed]

 
Damasio in 2008 (2nd from right).

Damasio formulated the somatic marker hypothesis,[6] a theory about how emotions and their biological underpinnings are involved in decision-making (both positively and negatively, and often non-consciously). Emotions provide the scaffolding for the construction of social cognition and are required for the self processes which undergird consciousness.[citation needed] "Damasio provides a contemporary scientific validation of the linkage between feelings and the body by highlighting the connection between mind and nerve cells ... this personalized embodiment of mind."[7]

The somatic marker hypothesis has inspired many neuroscience experiments carried out in laboratories in the U.S. and Europe, and has had a major impact in contemporary science and philosophy.[8] Damasio has been named by the Institute for Scientific Information as one of the most highly cited researchers in the past decade. Current work on the biology of moral decisions, neuro-economics, social communication, and drug-addiction, has been strongly influenced by Damasio's hypothesis.[citation needed] An article published in the Archives of Scientific Psychology in 2014 named Damasio one of the 100 most eminent psychologist of the modern era. (Diener et al. Archives of Scientific Psychology, 2014, 2, 20–32). The June–July issue of Sciences Humaines included Damasio in its list of 50 key thinkers in the human sciences of the past two centuries.

Damasio also proposed that emotions are part of homeostatic regulation and are rooted in reward/punishment mechanisms. He recovered William James' perspective on feelings as a read-out of body states, but expanded it with an "as-if-body-loop" device which allows for the substrate of feelings to be simulated rather than actual (foreshadowing the simulation process later uncovered by mirror neurons). He demonstrated experimentally that the insular cortex is a critical platform for feelings, a finding that has been widely replicated, and he uncovered cortical and subcortical induction sites for human emotions, e.g. in ventromedial prefrontal cortex and amygdala.[9] He also demonstrated that while the insular cortex plays a major role in feelings, it is not necessary for feelings to occur, suggesting that brain stem structures play a basic role in the feeling process.[10]

He has continued to investigate the neural basis of feelings and demonstrated that although the insular cortex is a major substrate for this process it is not exclusive, suggesting that brain stem nuclei are critical platforms as well.[11] He regards feelings as the necessary foundation of sentience.[12]

In another development, Damasio proposed that the cortical architecture on which learning and recall depend involves multiple, hierarchically organized loops of axonal projections that converge on certain nodes out of which projections diverge to the points of origin of convergence (the convergence-divergence zones). This architecture is applicable to the understanding of memory processes and of aspects of consciousness related to the access of mental contents.[13]

In The Feeling of What Happens, Damasio laid the foundations of the "enchainment of precedences": "the nonconscious neural signaling of an individual organism begets the protoself which permits core self and core consciousness, which allow for an autobiographical self, which permits extended consciousness. At the end of the chain, extended consciousness permits conscience.[14][15]

According to the University of Iowa's Department of Neurology's website, "Damasio's research depended significantly on establishing the modern human lesion method, an enterprise made possible by Hanna Damasio's structural neuroimaging/neuroanatomy work complemented by experimental neuroanatomy (with Gary Van Hoesen and Josef Parvizi), experimental neuropsychology (with Antoine Bechara, Ralph Adolphs, and Dan Tranel) and functional neuroimaging (with Kaspar Meyer, Jonas Kaplan, and Mary Helen Immordino-Yang)."[5] The experimental neuroanatomy work with Van Hoesen and Bradley Hyman led to the discovery of the disconnection of the hippocampus caused by neurofibrillary tangles in the entorhinal cortex of patients with Alzheimer's disease.[16]

As a clinician, he and his collaborators have studied and treated disorders of behaviour and cognition, and movement disorders.

Damasio's books deal with the relationship between emotions and their brain substrates. His 1994 book, Descartes' Error: Emotion, Reason and the Human Brain, won the Science et Vie prize, was a finalist for the Los Angeles Times Book Award, and is translated in over 30 languages. It is regarded as one of the most influential books of the past two decades.[17] His second book, The Feeling of What Happens: Body and Emotion in the Making of Consciousness, was named as one of the ten best books of 2001 by the New York Times Book Review, a Publishers Weekly Best Book of the Year, a Library Journal Best Book of the Year, and has over 30 foreign editions.[citation needed] On the basis of a single-case experiment, Damasio suggested emotions belong to the automatic vital processes of the body and thus can be recognized by a person without any form of memory.[18] In 2003, this work was followed by the publication of Looking for Spinoza: Joy, Sorrow, and the Feeling Brain. In it, Damasio suggested that the philosopher Baruch Spinoza's thinking foreshadowed discoveries in biology and neuroscience views on the mind-body problem and that Spinoza was a protobiologist. Damasio's book is Self Comes to Mind: Constructing the Conscious Brain. In it Damasio suggests that the self is the key to conscious minds and that feelings, from the kind he designates as primordial to the well-known feelings of emotion, are the basic elements in the construction of the protoself and core self. The book received the Corinne International Book Prize.[19]

 
Damasio at Fronteiras do Pensamento (Frontiers of Thought) in 2013

Damasio is a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, the National Academy of Medicine, the European Academy of Sciences and Arts. He is the recipient of several prizes, amongst them the Grawemeyer Award,[20] the Honda Prize, the Prince of Asturias Award in Science and Technology[citation needed] and the Beaumont Medal from the American Medical Association, as well as honorary degrees from, most recently, the Sorbonne (Université Paris Descartes), shared with his wife Hanna Damasio. He has also received doctorates from the Universities of Aachen, Copenhagen, Leiden, Barcelona, Coimbra, Leuven and numerous others.[21]

In 2013, the Escola Secundária António Damásio was dedicated in Lisbon.

He says he writes in the belief that "scientific knowledge can be a pillar to help humans endure and prevail."[22]

He is married to Hanna Damasio, a prominent neuroscientist and frequent collaborator and co-author, who is a professor of neuroscience at the University of Southern California and the director of the Dornsife Neuroimaging Center.

In 2017 he was designated member of the Council of State of Portugal, replacing Antonio Guterres, the 9th Secretary-General of the United Nations.

Damasio additionally serves on the board of directors of the Berggruen Institute, and sits on the jury for the Berggruen Prize for Philosophy.[23][24]

Selected bibliography edit

Books edit

  • Descartes' Error: Emotion, Reason, and the Human Brain, Putnam, 1994; revised Penguin edition, 2005
  • The Feeling of What Happens: Body and Emotion in the Making of Consciousness, Harcourt, 1999
  • Looking for Spinoza: Joy, Sorrow, and the Feeling Brain, Harcourt, 2003
  • Self Comes to Mind: Constructing the Conscious Brain, Pantheon, 2010. ISBN 978-1-5012-4695-1
  • The Strange Order of Things: Life, Feeling, and the Making of Cultures,[25][26] Pantheon, 2018.
  • Feeling and Knowing: Making Minds Conscious, Pantheon, 2021

Selected articles edit

  • Fox G.R.; Kaplan J.; Damasio H.; Damasio A. (2015). "Neural correlates of gratitude". Frontiers in Psychology. 6 (1491): 1491. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01491. PMC 4588123. PMID 26483740.
  • Sachs M.; Damasio A.; Habibi A. (2015). "The pleasures of sad music: a systematic review". Frontiers in Human Neuroscience. 9 (404): 1–12. doi:10.3389/fnhum.2015.00404. PMC 4513245. PMID 26257625.
  • Man K.; Damasio A.; Meyer K.; Kaplan J.T. (2015). "Convergent and invariant object representations for sight, sound, and touch". Human Brain Mapping. 36 (9): 3629–3640. doi:10.1002/hbm.22867. PMC 6869094. PMID 26047030.
  • Habibi A.; Damasio A. (2014). "Music, feelings and the human brain". Psychomusicology: Music, Mind and Brain. 24 (1): 92–102. doi:10.1037/pmu0000033.
  • Man K, Kaplan JT, Damasio H, Damasio A (28 October 2013). "Neural convergence and divergence in the mammalian cerebral cortex: from experimental neuroanatomy to functional neuroimaging". Journal of Comparative Neurology. 521 (18): 4097–4111. doi:10.1002/cne.23408. PMC 3853095. PMID 23840023.
  • Araujo HP, Kaplan JT, Damasio A (4 September 2013). "Cortical midline structures and autobiographical-self processes: an activation-likelihood estimation (ALE) meta-analysis". Frontiers in Human Neuroscience. 7: 548. doi:10.3389/fnhum.2013.00548. PMC 3762365. PMID 24027520.
  • Damasio, A; Carvalho, GB (2013). "The nature of feelings: Evolutionary and neurobiological origins". Nature Reviews. Neuroscience. 14 (2): 143–52. doi:10.1038/nrn3403. PMID 23329161. S2CID 35232202.
  • Damasio A, Damasio H, Tranel D (2012). "Persistence of feelings and sentience after bilateral damage of the insula". Cerebral Cortex. 23 (4): 833–46. doi:10.1093/cercor/bhs077. PMC 3657385. PMID 22473895.
  • Feinstein J, Adolphs R, Damasio A, Tranel D (2011). "The human amygdala and the induction and experience of fear". Current Biology. 21 (1): 1–5. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2010.11.042. PMC 3030206. PMID 21167712.
  • Meyer K, Kaplan JT, Essex R, Damasio H, Damasio A (2011). "Seeing touch is correlated with content-specific activity in primary somatosensory cortex". Cerebral Cortex. 21 (9): 2113–2121. doi:10.1093/cercor/bhq289. PMC 3155604. PMID 21330469.
  • Meyer K, Kaplan JT, Essex R, Webber C, Damasio H, Damasio A (2010). "Predicting visual stimuli based on activity in auditory cortices". Nature Neuroscience. 13 (6): 667–668. doi:10.1038/nn.2533. PMID 20436482. S2CID 8226089.
  • Meyer K, Damasio A (2009). "Convergence and divergence in a neural architecture for recognition and memory". Trends in Neurosciences. 32 (7): 376–382. doi:10.1016/j.tins.2009.04.002. PMID 19520438. S2CID 205403597.
  • Immordino-Yang MH, McColl A, Damasio H, Damasio A (2009). "Neural correlates of admiration and compassion". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 106 (19): 8021–8026. doi:10.1073/pnas.0810363106. PMC 2670880. PMID 19414310.
  • Damasio A, Meyer K (2008). "Behind the looking glass". Nature. 454 (7201): 167–168. Bibcode:2008Natur.454..167D. doi:10.1038/454167a. PMID 18615070. S2CID 200767224.
  • Parvizi J, Van Hoesen G, Buckwalter J, Damasio A (2006). "Neural connections of the posteromedial cortex in the macaque: Implications for the understanding of the neural basis of consciousness". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 103 (5): 1563–1568. doi:10.1073/pnas.0507729103. PMC 1345704. PMID 16432221.
  • Shiv B, Lowenstein G, Bechara A, Damasio H, Damasio A (2005). "Investment behavior and the negative side of emotion". Psychological Science. 16 (6): 435–439. doi:10.1111/j.0956-7976.2005.01553.x. PMID 15943668. S2CID 11590885.
  • Parvizi J, Damasio AR (2003). "Neuroanatomical correlates of brainstem coma". Brain. 126 (Pt 7): 1524–1536. doi:10.1093/brain/awg166. PMID 12805123.
  • Parvizi J, Damasio AR (2001). "Consciousness and the brainstem". Cognition. 79 (1–2): 135–160. doi:10.1016/S0010-0277(00)00127-X. PMID 11164026. S2CID 205872101.
  • Damasio AR, Grabowski TJ, Bechara A, Damasio H, Ponto LL, Parvizi J, Hichwa RD (2000). "Subcortical and cortical brain activity during the feeling of self-generated emotions". Nature Neuroscience. 3 (10): 1049–1056. doi:10.1038/79871. PMID 11017179. S2CID 3352415.
  • Damasio AR. (1999). "How the brain creates the mind". Scientific American. 281 (6): 74–79. Bibcode:1999SciAm.281f.112D. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican1299-112. PMID 10614073.
  • Damasio AR (1998). "Investigating the biology of consciousness". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences. 353 (1377): 1879–1882. doi:10.1098/rstb.1998.0339. PMC 1692416. PMID 9854259.
  • Bechara A, Damasio H, Tranel D, Damasio AR (1997). "Deciding advantageously before knowing the advantageous strategy". Science. 275 (5304): 1293–1294. doi:10.1126/science.275.5304.1293. PMID 9036851. S2CID 4942279.
  • Damasio AR. (1996). "The somatic marker hypothesis and the possible functions of the prefrontal cortex". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences. 351 (1346): 1413–1420. doi:10.1098/rstb.1996.0125. PMID 8941953. S2CID 1841280.
  • Bechara A, Damasio AR, Damasio H, Anderson S (1994). "Insensitivity to future consequences following damage to human prefrontal cortex". Cognition. 50 (1–3): 7–15. doi:10.1016/0010-0277(94)90018-3. PMID 8039375. S2CID 204981454.
  • Adolphs R, Tranel D, Damasio AR (1994). "Impaired recognition of emotion in facial expressions following bilateral damage to the human amygdala". Nature. 372 (6507): 669–672. Bibcode:1994Natur.372..669A. doi:10.1038/372669a0. PMID 7990957. S2CID 25169376.
  • Damasio AR, Tranel D (1993). "Nouns and verbs are retrieved with differently distributed neural systems". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 90 (11): 4957–4960. Bibcode:1993PNAS...90.4957D. doi:10.1073/pnas.90.11.4957. PMC 46632. PMID 8506341.
  • Damasio A, Tranel D, Damasio H (1990). "Face agnosia and the neural substrates of memory". Annual Review of Neuroscience. 13: 89–109. doi:10.1146/annurev.ne.13.030190.000513. PMID 2183687.
  • Damasio AR. (1989). "Time-locked multiregional retroactivation: A systems level proposal for the neural substrates of recall and recognition". Cognition. 33 (1–2): 25–62. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.308.6140. doi:10.1016/0010-0277(89)90005-X. PMID 2691184. S2CID 34115898.
  • Tranel D, Damasio A (1985). "Knowledge without awareness: An autonomic index of facial recognition by prosopagnosics". Science. 228 (21): 1453–1454. Bibcode:1985Sci...228.1453T. doi:10.1126/science.4012303. PMID 4012303.
  • Hyman B, Van Hoesen GW, Damasio A, Barnes C (1984). "Alzheimer's disease: Cell-specific pathology isolates the hippocampal formation". Science. 225 (4667): 1168–1170. Bibcode:1984Sci...225.1168H. doi:10.1126/science.6474172. PMID 6474172.
  • Damasio A, Geschwind N (1984). "The neural basis of language". Annual Review of Neuroscience. 7: 127–147. doi:10.1146/annurev.ne.07.030184.001015. PMID 6370077.
  • Anderson SW, Bechara A, Damasio H, Tranel D, Damasio AR (1999). "Impairment of social and moral behaviour related to early damage in human prefrontal cortex". Nature Neuroscience. 2 (11): 1032–1037. doi:10.1038/14833. PMID 10526345. S2CID 204990285.

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ . Archived from the original on 2020-05-22. Retrieved 2012-10-10.
  2. ^ "Neurology at Iowa: 100 Years of Progress | Department of Neurology".
  3. ^ Block, Ned (2010-11-26). "Book Review - By Antonio Damasio". The New York Times. Retrieved 2016-11-08.
  4. ^ "Antonio Damasio | Speaker | TED".
  5. ^ a b c "History". Department of Neurology. Retrieved 2023-09-29.
  6. ^ Damasio AR. "The somatic marker hypothesis and the possible functions of the pre-frontal cortex". Transactions of the Royal Society. (London) 351:1413–1420. 1996.
  7. ^ Lara Trout. The Politics of Survival (2010). p. 74.
  8. ^ "APA PsycNet".
  9. ^ Damasio AR, Grabowski TJ, Bechara A, Damasio H, Ponto LLB, Parvizi J, Hichwa RD. Subcortical and cortical brain activity during the feeling of self-generated emotions" Nature Neuroscience 3:1049–1056. 2000
  10. ^ Damasio A, Damasio H, Tranel D (2012). "Persistence of feelings and sentience after bilateral damage of the insula". Cerebral Cortex. 23 (4): 833–46. doi:10.1093/cercor/bhs077. PMC 3657385. PMID 22473895.
  11. ^ Damasio A, Damasio H, Tranel D (2012). "Persistence of feelings and sentience after bilateral damage of the insula". Cerebral Cortex. 23 (4): 833–46. doi:10.1093/cercor/bhs077. PMC 3657385. PMID 22473895.
  12. ^ Shackleton-Jones, Nick (2019-05-03). How people learn: designing effective training to improve employee performance. London, United Kingdom. ISBN 978-0-7494-8471-2. OCLC 1098213554.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  13. ^ Damasio AR. Time-locked multiregional retroactivation: a systems level proposal for the neural substrates of recall and recognition" Cognition 33:25–62. 1989
  14. ^ Damasio, António (1999). The Feeling of What Happens. Harcourt. ISBN 978-0-15-100369-3.
  15. ^ Shackleton-Jones, Nick (2019-05-03). How people learn: designing effective training to improve employee performance. London, United Kingdom. ISBN 978-0-7494-8471-2. OCLC 1098213554.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  16. ^ Hyman B, Van Hoesen GW, Damasio A, Barnes C. Alzheimer's disease: cell-specific pathology isolates the hippocampal formation" Science 225:1168–1170. 1984
  17. ^ In January 2010, Sciences Humaines named it one of the 20 books that changed the vision of the world. The book has been cited over 13,000 times
  18. ^ Sati, Amanda. The Feeling of What Happens: Body and Emotion in the Making of Consciousness, Antonio Damasio. Heinemann: London 1999 (Review) (doc). p. 3. (PDF) from the original on June 9, 2021.
  19. ^ Damasio, António. . Archived from the original on 2013-10-29. Retrieved 2013-10-11.
  20. ^ "Damasio wins Grawmeyer Psychology Award". 3 December 2013.
  21. ^ Damasio, António. "USC faculty website".
  22. ^ António R. Damasio, Descartes' Error (New York 1994) p. 252
  23. ^ "Board of Directors Archives".
  24. ^ Stanley, Alessandra "The Billionaire Who's Building a Davos of His Own", The New York Times, April 16, 2016. Accessed December 27, 2016.
  25. ^ Woolfson, Adrian (30 January 2018). "The messy biological basis of culture". Nature. 554 (7690): 30. Bibcode:2018Natur.554...30W. doi:10.1038/d41586-018-01326-5. PMID 32094854.
  26. ^ Banville, John (2 February 2018). "The Strange Order of Things by Antonio Damasio review – why feelings are the unstoppable force". The Guardian. Retrieved 5 March 2018.

External links edit

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to António Damásio.
 
Wikiquote has quotations related to António Damasio.
  • USC Faculty page
  • Antonio Damasio at TED  
    • Antonio Damasio: The quest to understand consciousness (TED2011)
  • Audio of António Damasio 2003 lecture, "Emotion, Feeling, and Social Behavior: The Brain Perspective" at Walter Chapin Simpson Center for the Humanities
  • Ideas of António Damasio – JRSM book review
  • Antonio Damasio in conversation with Craig Calhoun on YouTube

February 15, 2024
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This article has multiple issues Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page Learn how and when to remove these template messages This biography of a living person needs additional citations for verification Please help by adding reliable sources Contentious material about living persons that is unsourced or poorly sourced must be removed immediately from the article and its talk page especially if potentially libelous Find sources Antonio Damasio news newspapers books scholar JSTOR January 2011 Learn how and when to remove this template message This biography of a living person relies too much on references to primary sources Please help by adding secondary or tertiary sources Contentious material about living persons that is unsourced or poorly sourced must be removed immediately especially if potentially libelous or harmful Find sources Antonio Damasio news newspapers books scholar JSTOR January 2011 Learn how and when to remove this template message This biographical article is written like a resume Please help improve it by revising it to be neutral and encyclopedic January 2011 Learn how and when to remove this template message Antonio Damasio Portuguese Antonio Damasio is a Portuguese neuroscientist He is currently the David Dornsife Chair in Neuroscience as well as Professor of Psychology Philosophy and Neurology at the University of Southern California and additionally an adjunct professor at the Salk Institute 1 He was previously the chair of neurology at the University of Iowa for 20 years 2 Damasio heads the Brain and Creativity Institute and has authored several books his work Self Comes to Mind Constructing the Conscious Brain 2010 explores the relationship between the brain and consciousness 3 Damasio s research in neuroscience has shown that emotions play a central role in social cognition and decision making 4 Antonio DamasioDamasio at the Fronteiras do Pensamento conference in 2013 Born 1944 02 25 25 February 1944 age 79 Lisbon PortugalNationalityPortugueseAlma materUniversity of LisbonSpouseHanna DamasioAwardsPessoa Prize 1992 Golden Brain Award 1995 Prince of Asturias Prize 2005 Honda Prize 2010 Grawemeyer Award in Psychology 2014 Paul D MacLean Award 2019 Scientific careerFieldsCognitive NeuroscienceInstitutionsUniversity of Southern California University of IowaThesisPerturbacoes neurologicas da linguagem e de outras funcoes simbolicas 1974 Councilor of StateIn office 24 April 2017 14 February 2024PresidentMarcelo Rebelo de SousaPreceded byAntonio GuterresSucceeded byJoana CarneiroWebsitewww wbr antoniodamasio wbr com Contents 1 Life and work 2 Selected bibliography 2 1 Books 2 2 Selected articles 3 See also 4 References 5 External linksLife and work editDuring the 1960s Damasio studied medicine at the University of Lisbon Medical School where he also did his neurological residency and completed his doctorate in 1974 5 For part of his studies he researched behavioral neurology under the supervision of Norman Geschwind of the Aphasia Research Center in Boston 5 Damasio s main field is neurobiology especially the neural systems which underlie emotion decision making memory language and consciousness Damasio might believe that emotions play a critical role in high level cognition an idea counter to dominant 20th century views in psychology neuroscience and philosophy citation needed nbsp Damasio in 2008 2nd from right Damasio formulated the somatic marker hypothesis 6 a theory about how emotions and their biological underpinnings are involved in decision making both positively and negatively and often non consciously Emotions provide the scaffolding for the construction of social cognition and are required for the self processes which undergird consciousness citation needed Damasio provides a contemporary scientific validation of the linkage between feelings and the body by highlighting the connection between mind and nerve cells this personalized embodiment of mind 7 The somatic marker hypothesis has inspired many neuroscience experiments carried out in laboratories in the U S and Europe and has had a major impact in contemporary science and philosophy 8 Damasio has been named by the Institute for Scientific Information as one of the most highly cited researchers in the past decade Current work on the biology of moral decisions neuro economics social communication and drug addiction has been strongly influenced by Damasio s hypothesis citation needed An article published in the Archives of Scientific Psychology in 2014 named Damasio one of the 100 most eminent psychologist of the modern era Diener et al Archives of Scientific Psychology 2014 2 20 32 The June July issue of Sciences Humaines included Damasio in its list of 50 key thinkers in the human sciences of the past two centuries Damasio also proposed that emotions are part of homeostatic regulation and are rooted in reward punishment mechanisms He recovered William James perspective on feelings as a read out of body states but expanded it with an as if body loop device which allows for the substrate of feelings to be simulated rather than actual foreshadowing the simulation process later uncovered by mirror neurons He demonstrated experimentally that the insular cortex is a critical platform for feelings a finding that has been widely replicated and he uncovered cortical and subcortical induction sites for human emotions e g in ventromedial prefrontal cortex and amygdala 9 He also demonstrated that while the insular cortex plays a major role in feelings it is not necessary for feelings to occur suggesting that brain stem structures play a basic role in the feeling process 10 He has continued to investigate the neural basis of feelings and demonstrated that although the insular cortex is a major substrate for this process it is not exclusive suggesting that brain stem nuclei are critical platforms as well 11 He regards feelings as the necessary foundation of sentience 12 In another development Damasio proposed that the cortical architecture on which learning and recall depend involves multiple hierarchically organized loops of axonal projections that converge on certain nodes out of which projections diverge to the points of origin of convergence the convergence divergence zones This architecture is applicable to the understanding of memory processes and of aspects of consciousness related to the access of mental contents 13 In The Feeling of What Happens Damasio laid the foundations of the enchainment of precedences the nonconscious neural signaling of an individual organism begets the protoself which permits core self and core consciousness which allow for an autobiographical self which permits extended consciousness At the end of the chain extended consciousness permits conscience 14 15 According to the University of Iowa s Department of Neurology s website Damasio s research depended significantly on establishing the modern human lesion method an enterprise made possible by Hanna Damasio s structural neuroimaging neuroanatomy work complemented by experimental neuroanatomy with Gary Van Hoesen and Josef Parvizi experimental neuropsychology with Antoine Bechara Ralph Adolphs and Dan Tranel and functional neuroimaging with Kaspar Meyer Jonas Kaplan and Mary Helen Immordino Yang 5 The experimental neuroanatomy work with Van Hoesen and Bradley Hyman led to the discovery of the disconnection of the hippocampus caused by neurofibrillary tangles in the entorhinal cortex of patients with Alzheimer s disease 16 As a clinician he and his collaborators have studied and treated disorders of behaviour and cognition and movement disorders Damasio s books deal with the relationship between emotions and their brain substrates His 1994 book Descartes Error Emotion Reason and the Human Brain won the Science et Vie prize was a finalist for the Los Angeles Times Book Award and is translated in over 30 languages It is regarded as one of the most influential books of the past two decades 17 His second book The Feeling of What Happens Body and Emotion in the Making of Consciousness was named as one of the ten best books of 2001 by the New York Times Book Review a Publishers Weekly Best Book of the Year a Library Journal Best Book of the Year and has over 30 foreign editions citation needed On the basis of a single case experiment Damasio suggested emotions belong to the automatic vital processes of the body and thus can be recognized by a person without any form of memory 18 In 2003 this work was followed by the publication of Looking for Spinoza Joy Sorrow and the Feeling Brain In it Damasio suggested that the philosopher Baruch Spinoza s thinking foreshadowed discoveries in biology and neuroscience views on the mind body problem and that Spinoza was a protobiologist Damasio s book is Self Comes to Mind Constructing the Conscious Brain In it Damasio suggests that the self is the key to conscious minds and that feelings from the kind he designates as primordial to the well known feelings of emotion are the basic elements in the construction of the protoself and core self The book received the Corinne International Book Prize 19 nbsp Damasio at Fronteiras do Pensamento Frontiers of Thought in 2013Damasio is a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences the National Academy of Medicine the European Academy of Sciences and Arts He is the recipient of several prizes amongst them the Grawemeyer Award 20 the Honda Prize the Prince of Asturias Award in Science and Technology citation needed and the Beaumont Medal from the American Medical Association as well as honorary degrees from most recently the Sorbonne Universite Paris Descartes shared with his wife Hanna Damasio He has also received doctorates from the Universities of Aachen Copenhagen Leiden Barcelona Coimbra Leuven and numerous others 21 In 2013 the Escola Secundaria Antonio Damasio was dedicated in Lisbon He says he writes in the belief that scientific knowledge can be a pillar to help humans endure and prevail 22 He is married to Hanna Damasio a prominent neuroscientist and frequent collaborator and co author who is a professor of neuroscience at the University of Southern California and the director of the Dornsife Neuroimaging Center In 2017 he was designated member of the Council of State of Portugal replacing Antonio Guterres the 9th Secretary General of the United Nations Damasio additionally serves on the board of directors of the Berggruen Institute and sits on the jury for the Berggruen Prize for Philosophy 23 24 Selected bibliography editBooks edit Descartes Error Emotion Reason and the Human Brain Putnam 1994 revised Penguin edition 2005 The Feeling of What Happens Body and Emotion in the Making of Consciousness Harcourt 1999 Looking for Spinoza Joy Sorrow and the Feeling Brain Harcourt 2003 Self Comes to Mind Constructing the Conscious Brain Pantheon 2010 ISBN 978 1 5012 4695 1 The Strange Order of Things Life Feeling and the Making of Cultures 25 26 Pantheon 2018 Feeling and Knowing Making Minds Conscious Pantheon 2021Selected articles edit Fox G R Kaplan J Damasio H Damasio A 2015 Neural correlates of gratitude Frontiers in Psychology 6 1491 1491 doi 10 3389 fpsyg 2015 01491 PMC 4588123 PMID 26483740 Sachs M Damasio A Habibi A 2015 The pleasures of sad music a systematic review Frontiers in Human Neuroscience 9 404 1 12 doi 10 3389 fnhum 2015 00404 PMC 4513245 PMID 26257625 Man K Damasio A Meyer K Kaplan J T 2015 Convergent and invariant object representations for sight sound and touch Human Brain Mapping 36 9 3629 3640 doi 10 1002 hbm 22867 PMC 6869094 PMID 26047030 Habibi A Damasio A 2014 Music feelings and the human brain Psychomusicology Music Mind and Brain 24 1 92 102 doi 10 1037 pmu0000033 Man K Kaplan JT Damasio H Damasio A 28 October 2013 Neural convergence and divergence in the mammalian cerebral cortex from experimental neuroanatomy to functional neuroimaging Journal of Comparative Neurology 521 18 4097 4111 doi 10 1002 cne 23408 PMC 3853095 PMID 23840023 Araujo HP Kaplan JT Damasio A 4 September 2013 Cortical midline structures and autobiographical self processes an activation likelihood estimation ALE meta analysis Frontiers in Human Neuroscience 7 548 doi 10 3389 fnhum 2013 00548 PMC 3762365 PMID 24027520 Damasio A Carvalho GB 2013 The nature of feelings Evolutionary and neurobiological origins Nature Reviews Neuroscience 14 2 143 52 doi 10 1038 nrn3403 PMID 23329161 S2CID 35232202 Damasio A Damasio H Tranel D 2012 Persistence of feelings and sentience after bilateral damage of the insula Cerebral Cortex 23 4 833 46 doi 10 1093 cercor bhs077 PMC 3657385 PMID 22473895 Feinstein J Adolphs R Damasio A Tranel D 2011 The human amygdala and the induction and experience of fear Current Biology 21 1 1 5 doi 10 1016 j cub 2010 11 042 PMC 3030206 PMID 21167712 Meyer K Kaplan JT Essex R Damasio H Damasio A 2011 Seeing touch is correlated with content specific activity in primary somatosensory cortex Cerebral Cortex 21 9 2113 2121 doi 10 1093 cercor bhq289 PMC 3155604 PMID 21330469 Meyer K Kaplan JT Essex R Webber C Damasio H Damasio A 2010 Predicting visual stimuli based on activity in auditory cortices Nature Neuroscience 13 6 667 668 doi 10 1038 nn 2533 PMID 20436482 S2CID 8226089 Meyer K Damasio A 2009 Convergence and divergence in a neural architecture for recognition and memory Trends in Neurosciences 32 7 376 382 doi 10 1016 j tins 2009 04 002 PMID 19520438 S2CID 205403597 Immordino Yang MH McColl A Damasio H Damasio A 2009 Neural correlates of admiration and compassion Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 106 19 8021 8026 doi 10 1073 pnas 0810363106 PMC 2670880 PMID 19414310 Damasio A Meyer K 2008 Behind the looking glass Nature 454 7201 167 168 Bibcode 2008Natur 454 167D doi 10 1038 454167a PMID 18615070 S2CID 200767224 Parvizi J Van Hoesen G Buckwalter J Damasio A 2006 Neural connections of the posteromedial cortex in the macaque Implications for the understanding of the neural basis of consciousness Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 103 5 1563 1568 doi 10 1073 pnas 0507729103 PMC 1345704 PMID 16432221 Shiv B Lowenstein G Bechara A Damasio H Damasio A 2005 Investment behavior and the negative side of emotion Psychological Science 16 6 435 439 doi 10 1111 j 0956 7976 2005 01553 x PMID 15943668 S2CID 11590885 Parvizi J Damasio AR 2003 Neuroanatomical correlates of brainstem coma Brain 126 Pt 7 1524 1536 doi 10 1093 brain awg166 PMID 12805123 Parvizi J Damasio AR 2001 Consciousness and the brainstem Cognition 79 1 2 135 160 doi 10 1016 S0010 0277 00 00127 X PMID 11164026 S2CID 205872101 Damasio AR Grabowski TJ Bechara A Damasio H Ponto LL Parvizi J Hichwa RD 2000 Subcortical and cortical brain activity during the feeling of self generated emotions Nature Neuroscience 3 10 1049 1056 doi 10 1038 79871 PMID 11017179 S2CID 3352415 Damasio AR 1999 How the brain creates the mind Scientific American 281 6 74 79 Bibcode 1999SciAm 281f 112D doi 10 1038 scientificamerican1299 112 PMID 10614073 Damasio AR 1998 Investigating the biology of consciousness Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London Series B Biological Sciences 353 1377 1879 1882 doi 10 1098 rstb 1998 0339 PMC 1692416 PMID 9854259 Bechara A Damasio H Tranel D Damasio AR 1997 Deciding advantageously before knowing the advantageous strategy Science 275 5304 1293 1294 doi 10 1126 science 275 5304 1293 PMID 9036851 S2CID 4942279 Damasio AR 1996 The somatic marker hypothesis and the possible functions of the prefrontal cortex Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London Series B Biological Sciences 351 1346 1413 1420 doi 10 1098 rstb 1996 0125 PMID 8941953 S2CID 1841280 Bechara A Damasio AR Damasio H Anderson S 1994 Insensitivity to future consequences following damage to human prefrontal cortex Cognition 50 1 3 7 15 doi 10 1016 0010 0277 94 90018 3 PMID 8039375 S2CID 204981454 Adolphs R Tranel D Damasio AR 1994 Impaired recognition of emotion in facial expressions following bilateral damage to the human amygdala Nature 372 6507 669 672 Bibcode 1994Natur 372 669A doi 10 1038 372669a0 PMID 7990957 S2CID 25169376 Damasio AR Tranel D 1993 Nouns and verbs are retrieved with differently distributed neural systems Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 90 11 4957 4960 Bibcode 1993PNAS 90 4957D doi 10 1073 pnas 90 11 4957 PMC 46632 PMID 8506341 Damasio A Tranel D Damasio H 1990 Face agnosia and the neural substrates of memory Annual Review of Neuroscience 13 89 109 doi 10 1146 annurev ne 13 030190 000513 PMID 2183687 Damasio AR 1989 Time locked multiregional retroactivation A systems level proposal for the neural substrates of recall and recognition Cognition 33 1 2 25 62 CiteSeerX 10 1 1 308 6140 doi 10 1016 0010 0277 89 90005 X PMID 2691184 S2CID 34115898 Tranel D Damasio A 1985 Knowledge without awareness An autonomic index of facial recognition by prosopagnosics Science 228 21 1453 1454 Bibcode 1985Sci 228 1453T doi 10 1126 science 4012303 PMID 4012303 Hyman B Van Hoesen GW Damasio A Barnes C 1984 Alzheimer s disease Cell specific pathology isolates the hippocampal formation Science 225 4667 1168 1170 Bibcode 1984Sci 225 1168H doi 10 1126 science 6474172 PMID 6474172 Damasio A Geschwind N 1984 The neural basis of language Annual Review of Neuroscience 7 127 147 doi 10 1146 annurev ne 07 030184 001015 PMID 6370077 Anderson SW Bechara A Damasio H Tranel D Damasio AR 1999 Impairment of social and moral behaviour related to early damage in human prefrontal cortex Nature Neuroscience 2 11 1032 1037 doi 10 1038 14833 PMID 10526345 S2CID 204990285 See also editBrain and Creativity Institute Damasio s theory of consciousness Insular cortex Hanna Damasio Joseph E LeDouxReferences edit Faculty Profile Archived from the original on 2020 05 22 Retrieved 2012 10 10 Neurology at Iowa 100 Years of Progress Department of Neurology Block Ned 2010 11 26 Book Review By Antonio Damasio The New York Times Retrieved 2016 11 08 Antonio Damasio Speaker TED a b c History Department of Neurology Retrieved 2023 09 29 Damasio AR The somatic marker hypothesis and the possible functions of the pre frontal cortex Transactions of the Royal Society London 351 1413 1420 1996 Lara Trout The Politics of Survival 2010 p 74 APA PsycNet Damasio AR Grabowski TJ Bechara A Damasio H Ponto LLB Parvizi J Hichwa RD Subcortical and cortical brain activity during the feeling of self generated emotions Nature Neuroscience 3 1049 1056 2000 Damasio A Damasio H Tranel D 2012 Persistence of feelings and sentience after bilateral damage of the insula Cerebral Cortex 23 4 833 46 doi 10 1093 cercor bhs077 PMC 3657385 PMID 22473895 Damasio A Damasio H Tranel D 2012 Persistence of feelings and sentience after bilateral damage of the insula Cerebral Cortex 23 4 833 46 doi 10 1093 cercor bhs077 PMC 3657385 PMID 22473895 Shackleton Jones Nick 2019 05 03 How people learn designing effective training to improve employee performance London United Kingdom ISBN 978 0 7494 8471 2 OCLC 1098213554 a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a CS1 maint location missing publisher link Damasio AR Time locked multiregional retroactivation a systems level proposal for the neural substrates of recall and recognition Cognition 33 25 62 1989 Damasio Antonio 1999 The Feeling of What Happens Harcourt ISBN 978 0 15 100369 3 Shackleton Jones Nick 2019 05 03 How people learn designing effective training to improve employee performance London United Kingdom ISBN 978 0 7494 8471 2 OCLC 1098213554 a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a CS1 maint location missing publisher link Hyman B Van Hoesen GW Damasio A Barnes C Alzheimer s disease cell specific pathology isolates the hippocampal formation Science 225 1168 1170 1984 In January 2010 Sciences Humaines named it one of the 20 books that changed the vision of the world The book has been cited over 13 000 times Sati Amanda The Feeling of What Happens Body and Emotion in the Making of Consciousness Antonio Damasio Heinemann London 1999 Review doc p 3 Archived PDF from the original on June 9 2021 Damasio Antonio Self Comes to Mind Archived from the original on 2013 10 29 Retrieved 2013 10 11 Damasio wins Grawmeyer Psychology Award 3 December 2013 Damasio Antonio USC faculty website Antonio R Damasio Descartes Error New York 1994 p 252 Board of Directors Archives Stanley Alessandra The Billionaire Who s Building a Davos of His Own The New York Times April 16 2016 Accessed December 27 2016 Woolfson Adrian 30 January 2018 The messy biological basis of culture Nature 554 7690 30 Bibcode 2018Natur 554 30W doi 10 1038 d41586 018 01326 5 PMID 32094854 Banville John 2 February 2018 The Strange Order of Things by Antonio Damasio review why feelings are the unstoppable force The Guardian Retrieved 5 March 2018 External links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Antonio Damasio nbsp Wikiquote has quotations related to Antonio Damasio USC Faculty page Brain and Creativity Institute Antonio Damasio at TED nbsp Antonio Damasio The quest to understand consciousness TED2011 Audio of Antonio Damasio 2003 lecture Emotion Feeling and Social Behavior The Brain Perspective at Walter Chapin Simpson Center for the Humanities Ideas of Antonio Damasio JRSM book review Antonio Damasio in conversation with Craig Calhoun on YouTube Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Antonio Damasio amp oldid 1207804959, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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