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Emperor Annei

December 20, 2023

Emperor Annei (安寧天皇, Annei-tennō), also known as Shikitsuhikotamatemi no Mikoto (師木津日子玉手見命) was the third legendary emperor of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession.[3][4] Very little is known about this Emperor due to a lack of material available for further verification and study. Annei is known as a "legendary emperor" among historians as his actual existence is disputed. Nothing exists in the Kojiki other than his name and genealogy. Annei's reign allegedly began in 549 BC, he had one wife and three sons. After his death in 511 BC, his second or third son supposedly became the next emperor.

Emperor Annei
安寧天皇
Emperor of Japan
Reign549 BC – 511 BC (traditional)[1]
PredecessorSuizei
SuccessorItoku
Born567 BC[2]
Died511 BC (aged 56)
Burial
Unebi-yama no hitsujisaru Mihodo no i no e no misasagi (畝傍山西南御陰井上陵) (Kashihara)
SpouseNunasoko-Nakatsu-hime
Issue
  • Okisomimi-no-Mikoto [ja]
  • Emperor Itoku
  • Shikitsuhiko-no-Mikoto [ja]
Posthumous name
Chinese-style shigō:
Emperor Annei (安寧天皇)

Japanese-style shigō:
Shikitsuhikotamatemi no Sumeramikoto (磯城津彦玉手看天皇)
HouseImperial House of Japan
FatherEmperor Suizei
MotherIsuzuyori-hime
ReligionShinto

Legendary narrative edit

Emperor Annei's name appears in both the Kojiki and Nihon Shoki where only his genealogy are recorded. While the Japanese have traditionally accepted this sovereign's historical existence, no extant contemporary records have been discovered that confirm a view that this historical figure actually reigned. Before his accession to the throne, he was allegedly known as Prince Shikitsu-hiko Tamatemi.[5] Shikitsu-hiko Tamatemi was either the eldest son or the only son of Emperor Suizei with Isuzuyori-hime.[4][6] The Kojiki records that he ruled from the palace of Ukena-no-miya (片塩浮穴宮, and in the Nihon Shoki as 片塩浮孔宮) at Katashiro in Kawachi in what would come to be known as Yamato Province.[6] During Emperor Annei's alleged lifetime, he had one wife named "Nunasokonakatsu-hime [ja]" and fathered three children with her. Annei's reign lasted from 549 BC until his death in 511 BC, his second or third son then took the throne and would later be referred to as Emperor Itoku.[6][7]

 
Memorial Shinto shrine and mausoleum honoring Emperor Annei.

Known information edit

The existence of at least the first nine Emperors is disputed due to insufficient material available for further verification and study.[8] Annei is thus regarded by historians as a "legendary Emperor", and is considered to have been the second of eight Emperors without specific legends associated with them.[a] The name Annei-tennō was assigned to him posthumously by later generations, and literally means "steady tranquillity".[10] His name might have been regularized centuries after the lifetime ascribed to Annei, possibly during the time in which legends about the origins of the Yamato dynasty were compiled as the chronicles known today as the Kojiki.[9] The name "Annei" is first credited to Japanese scholar and writer Ōmi no Mifune, who allegedly came up with the name sometime in the latter half of the 8th century.[11]

While the actual site of Annei's grave is not known, the Emperor is traditionally venerated at a memorial Shinto shrine (陵,misasagi) in Kashihara. The Imperial Household Agency designates this location as Annei's mausoleum, and is formally named Unebi-yama no hitsujisaru Mihodo no i no e no misasagi(畝傍山西南御陰井上陵,The royal tomb over the mihodo at the south west of mount unebi) .[4] The first emperor that historians believe might have actually existed is Emperor Sujin, the 10th emperor of Japan.[12] Outside of the Kojiki, the reign of Emperor Kinmei[b] (c. 509 – 571 AD) is the first for which contemporary historiography is able to assign verifiable dates.[15] The conventionally accepted names and dates of the early Emperors were not confirmed as "traditional" though, until the reign of Emperor Kanmu[c] between 737 and 806 AD.[9]

Family tree edit

Genealogy of early Japanese emperors and empresses
Nunakawahime[16] Ōkuninushi[17][18]: 278 
(Ōnamuchi)[19]		Kamotaketsunumi no Mikoto[20]
Kotoshironushi[21][22] Tamakushi-hime[20] Takeminakata[23][24] Susa Clan[25]
1 Jimmu[26]1Himetataraisuzu-hime[26]Kamo no Okimi[21][27]Mirahime [ja]
2 Suizei[28][29][30][31][32][33] 2Isuzuyori-hime[31][32][33][27][34]Kamuyaimimi[28][29][30]
3 Annei[35][21][31][32][33]〔Ō clan[36][37]〕〔Aso clan[38]〕3 Nunasokonakatsu-hime [ja][39][21]Kamo clan
TakakurajiMiwa clan
4 Itoku[35][21]Ikisomimi no mikoto [ja][35]Ame no Murakumo [ja]
4Amatoyotsuhime no Mikoto [ja][35]Amaoshio no mikoto [ja]
5 Emperor Kōshō[35][21][40]5Yosotarashi-hime[21]Okitsu Yoso [ja]
6 Emperor Kōan[21]Prince Ameoshitarashi [ja][40]Owari clan
6Oshihime [ja][21][40]〔Wani clan〕[41]
7 Emperor Kōrei[42][21][40][43] 7Kuwashi-hime[43]
8 Emperor Kōgen[44][43]8Utsushikome [ja][44]Princess Yamato Totohi Momoso[42]Kibitsuhiko-no-mikoto[45]Wakatakehiko [ja]
9Ikagashikome[d] [47][48]
Hikofutsuoshi no Makoto no Mikoto [ja][48]9 Emperor Kaika[44]Prince Ohiko [ja][49]〔Kibi clan〕
Yanushi Otake Ogokoro no Mikoto [ja][48]10 Emperor Sujin[50][51]10Mimaki-hime [ja][52]〔Abe clan〕[49]
Takenouchi no Sukune[48]11 Emperor Suinin[53][54]11Saho-hime [ja][55]12Hibasu-hime [ja][56]Yasaka Iribiko[57][58][59]Toyosukiiri-hime [ja; draft][60]Nunaki-iri-hime [ja; draft][42]
Yamatohime-no-mikoto[61]
〔Katsuragi clan〕13Harima no Inabi no Ōiratsume [ja]12 Emperor Keiko[54][56]14Yasakairi-hime [ja][57][58][59]
Otoyo no mikoto [ja]
Futaji Irihime [ja][62]Yamato Takeru[63][64]Miyazu-himeTakeinadane [ja] Ioki Iribiko13Emperor Seimu[63][64]
14Emperor Chūai[63][64] [65]15Empress Jingū[66] Homuda
Mawaka
15Emperor Ōjin[66]16Nakatsuhime[67][68][69]
16Emperor Nintoku[70]


Consorts and Children edit

  • Empress: Nunasokonakatsu-hime [ja] (渟名底仲媛命), Prince Kamo's daughter (Kotoshironushi's son)
    • Prince Okisomimi (息石耳命)
    • Prince Ōyamatohikosukitomo (大日本彦耜友尊), later Emperor Itoku
    • Prince Shikitsuhiko (磯城津彦命)

See also edit

Notes edit

  1. ^ Also known as the "eight undocumented monarchs" (欠史八代, Kesshi-hachidai).[9]
  2. ^ The 29th Emperor[13][14]
  3. ^ Kanmu was the 50th sovereign of the Yamato dynasty
  4. ^ There are two ways this name is transcribed: "Ika-gashiko-me" is used by Tsutomu Ujiya, while "Ika-shiko-me" is used by William George Aston.[46]

References edit

 
Japanese Imperial kamon — a stylized chrysanthemum blossom
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  10. ^ Brinkley, Frank (1915). A History of the Japanese People from the Earliest Times to the end of the Meiji Era. Encyclopaedia Britannica Company. p. 21. Posthumous names for the earthly Mikados were invented in the reign of Emperor Kanmu (782–805), i.e., after the date of the compilation of the Records and the Chronicles.
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Further reading edit

Regnal titles
Preceded by Legendary Emperor of Japan
549 BC – 511 BC
(traditional dates) 		Succeeded by

December 20, 2023
emperor, annei, 安寧天皇, annei, tennō, also, known, shikitsuhikotamatemi, mikoto, 師木津日子玉手見命, third, legendary, emperor, japan, according, traditional, order, succession, very, little, known, about, this, emperor, lack, material, available, further, verification, . Emperor Annei 安寧天皇 Annei tennō also known as Shikitsuhikotamatemi no Mikoto 師木津日子玉手見命 was the third legendary emperor of Japan according to the traditional order of succession 3 4 Very little is known about this Emperor due to a lack of material available for further verification and study Annei is known as a legendary emperor among historians as his actual existence is disputed Nothing exists in the Kojiki other than his name and genealogy Annei s reign allegedly began in 549 BC he had one wife and three sons After his death in 511 BC his second or third son supposedly became the next emperor Emperor Annei安寧天皇Emperor of JapanReign549 BC 511 BC traditional 1 PredecessorSuizeiSuccessorItokuBorn567 BC 2 Died511 BC aged 56 BurialUnebi yama no hitsujisaru Mihodo no i no e no misasagi 畝傍山西南御陰井上陵 Kashihara SpouseNunasoko Nakatsu himeIssueOkisomimi no Mikoto ja Emperor Itoku Shikitsuhiko no Mikoto ja Posthumous nameChinese style shigō Emperor Annei 安寧天皇 Japanese style shigō Shikitsuhikotamatemi no Sumeramikoto 磯城津彦玉手看天皇 HouseImperial House of JapanFatherEmperor SuizeiMotherIsuzuyori himeReligionShinto Contents 1 Legendary narrative 2 Known information 3 Family tree 4 Consorts and Children 5 See also 6 Notes 7 References 8 Further readingLegendary narrative editEmperor Annei s name appears in both the Kojiki and Nihon Shoki where only his genealogy are recorded While the Japanese have traditionally accepted this sovereign s historical existence no extant contemporary records have been discovered that confirm a view that this historical figure actually reigned Before his accession to the throne he was allegedly known as Prince Shikitsu hiko Tamatemi 5 Shikitsu hiko Tamatemi was either the eldest son or the only son of Emperor Suizei with Isuzuyori hime 4 6 The Kojiki records that he ruled from the palace of Ukena no miya 片塩浮穴宮 and in the Nihon Shoki as 片塩浮孔宮 at Katashiro in Kawachi in what would come to be known as Yamato Province 6 During Emperor Annei s alleged lifetime he had one wife named Nunasokonakatsu hime ja and fathered three children with her Annei s reign lasted from 549 BC until his death in 511 BC his second or third son then took the throne and would later be referred to as Emperor Itoku 6 7 nbsp Memorial Shinto shrine and mausoleum honoring Emperor Annei Known information editThe existence of at least the first nine Emperors is disputed due to insufficient material available for further verification and study 8 Annei is thus regarded by historians as a legendary Emperor and is considered to have been the second of eight Emperors without specific legends associated with them a The name Annei tennō was assigned to him posthumously by later generations and literally means steady tranquillity 10 His name might have been regularized centuries after the lifetime ascribed to Annei possibly during the time in which legends about the origins of the Yamato dynasty were compiled as the chronicles known today as the Kojiki 9 The name Annei is first credited to Japanese scholar and writer Ōmi no Mifune who allegedly came up with the name sometime in the latter half of the 8th century 11 While the actual site of Annei s grave is not known the Emperor is traditionally venerated at a memorial Shinto shrine 陵 misasagi in Kashihara The Imperial Household Agency designates this location as Annei s mausoleum and is formally named Unebi yama no hitsujisaru Mihodo no i no e no misasagi 畝傍山西南御陰井上陵 The royal tomb over the mihodo at the south west of mount unebi 4 The first emperor that historians believe might have actually existed is Emperor Sujin the 10th emperor of Japan 12 Outside of the Kojiki the reign of Emperor Kinmei b c 509 571 AD is the first for which contemporary historiography is able to assign verifiable dates 15 The conventionally accepted names and dates of the early Emperors were not confirmed as traditional though until the reign of Emperor Kanmu c between 737 and 806 AD 9 Family tree editvteGenealogy of early Japanese emperors and empressesNunakawahime 16 Ōkuninushi 17 18 278 Ōnamuchi 19 Kamotaketsunumi no Mikoto 20 Kotoshironushi 21 22 Tamakushi hime 20 Takeminakata 23 24 Susa Clan 25 1 Jimmu 26 1Himetataraisuzu hime 26 Kamo no Okimi 21 27 Mirahime ja 2 Suizei 28 29 30 31 32 33 2Isuzuyori hime 31 32 33 27 34 Kamuyaimimi 28 29 30 3 Annei 35 21 31 32 33 Ō clan 36 37 Aso clan 38 3 Nunasokonakatsu hime ja 39 21 Kamo clanTakakurajiMiwa clan4 Itoku 35 21 Ikisomimi no mikoto ja 35 Ame no Murakumo ja 4Amatoyotsuhime no Mikoto ja 35 Amaoshio no mikoto ja 5 Emperor Kōshō 35 21 40 5Yosotarashi hime 21 Okitsu Yoso ja 6 Emperor Kōan 21 Prince Ameoshitarashi ja 40 Owari clan6Oshihime ja 21 40 Wani clan 41 7 Emperor Kōrei 42 21 40 43 7Kuwashi hime 43 8 Emperor Kōgen 44 43 8Utsushikome ja 44 Princess Yamato Totohi Momoso 42 Kibitsuhiko no mikoto 45 Wakatakehiko ja 9Ikagashikome d 47 48 Hikofutsuoshi no Makoto no Mikoto ja 48 9 Emperor Kaika 44 Prince Ohiko ja 49 Kibi clan Yanushi Otake Ogokoro no Mikoto ja 48 10 Emperor Sujin 50 51 10Mimaki hime ja 52 Abe clan 49 Takenouchi no Sukune 48 11 Emperor Suinin 53 54 11Saho hime ja 55 12Hibasu hime ja 56 Yasaka Iribiko 57 58 59 Toyosukiiri hime ja draft 60 Nunaki iri hime ja draft 42 Yamatohime no mikoto 61 Katsuragi clan 13Harima no Inabi no Ōiratsume ja 12 Emperor Keiko 54 56 14Yasakairi hime ja 57 58 59 Otoyo no mikoto ja Futaji Irihime ja 62 Yamato Takeru 63 64 Miyazu himeTakeinadane ja Ioki Iribiko13Emperor Seimu 63 64 14Emperor Chuai 63 64 65 15Empress Jingu 66 Homuda Mawaka15Emperor Ōjin 66 16Nakatsuhime 67 68 69 16Emperor Nintoku 70 Consorts and Children editEmpress Nunasokonakatsu hime ja 渟名底仲媛命 Prince Kamo s daughter Kotoshironushi s son Prince Okisomimi 息石耳命 Prince Ōyamatohikosukitomo 大日本彦耜友尊 later Emperor Itoku Prince Shikitsuhiko 磯城津彦命 See also editEmperor of Japan List of Emperors of Japan Imperial cultNotes edit Also known as the eight undocumented monarchs 欠史八代 Kesshi hachidai 9 The 29th Emperor 13 14 Kanmu was the 50th sovereign of the Yamato dynasty There are two ways this name is transcribed Ika gashiko me is used by Tsutomu Ujiya while Ika shiko me is used by William George Aston 46 References edit nbsp Japanese Imperial kamon a stylized chrysanthemum blossom Genealogy of the Emperors of Japan PDF Kunaicho go jp Archived from the original PDF on March 22 2011 Retrieved May 8 2019 Kenneth Henshall 2013 Historical Dictionary of Japan to 1945 Scarecrow Press p 487 ISBN 9780810878723 安寧天皇 3 Imperial Household Agency Kunaichō in Japanese Retrieved May 8 2019 a b c Ponsonby Fane Richard 1959 The Imperial House of Japan Ponsonby Memorial Society p 29 amp 418 Nussbaum Louis Frederic 2002 Japan Encyclopedia Harvard University Press p 32 ISBN 9780674017535 a b c Brown Delmer M and Ichirō Ishida 1979 A Translation and Study of the Gukanshō an Interpretative History of Japan Written in 1219 University of California Press p 251 ISBN 9780520034600 Titsingh Isaac 1834 Nihon Ōdai Ichiran in French Royal Asiatic Society Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland p 4 Kelly Charles F Kofun Culture www t net ne jp Retrieved May 8 2019 a b c Aston William George 1896 Nihongi Chronicles of Japan from the Earliest Times to A D 697 Volume 2 The Japan Society London pp 109 141 142 ISBN 9780524053478 Brinkley Frank 1915 A History of the Japanese People from the Earliest Times to the end of the Meiji Era Encyclopaedia Britannica Company p 21 Posthumous names for the earthly Mikados were invented in the reign of Emperor Kanmu 782 805 i e after the date of the compilation of the Records and the Chronicles Britannica Kokusai Dai Hyakkajiten article Ōmi no Mifune Britannica Yoshida Reiji March 27 2007 Life in the Cloudy Imperial Fishbowl Japan Times Retrieved May 7 2019 Titsingh Isaac 1834 Nihon Ōdai Ichiran in French Royal Asiatic Society Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland pp 34 36 Brown Delmer M and Ichirō Ishida 1979 A Translation and Study of the Gukanshō an Interpretative History of Japan Written in 1219 University of California Press pp 261 262 ISBN 9780520034600 Hoye Timothy 1999 Japanese Politics Fixed and Floating Worlds Prentice Hall p 78 ISBN 9780132712897 According to legend the first Japanese Emperor was Jimmu Along with the next 13 Emperors Jimmu is not considered an actual historical figure Historically verifiable Emperors of Japan date from the early sixth century with Kimmei Philippi Donald L 2015 Kojiki Princeton University Press pp 104 112 Atsushi Kadoya Tatsuya Yumiyama 20 October 2005 Ōkuninushi Encyclopedia of Shinto Retrieved 2010 09 29 Herbert J 2010 Shinto At the Fountainhead of Japan Routledge Library Editions Japan Taylor amp Francis p 402 ISBN 978 1 136 90376 2 Retrieved 2020 11 21 Atsushi Kadoya 21 April 2005 Ōnamuchi Encyclopedia of Shinto Retrieved 2010 09 29 a b The Emperor s Clans The Way of the Descendants Aogaki Publishing 2018 a b c d e f g h i j Varley H Paul 1980 Jinnō Shōtōki A Chronicle of Gods and Sovereigns Columbia University Press p 89 ISBN 9780231049405 Atsushi Kadoya 28 April 2005 Kotoshironushi Encyclopedia of Shinto Retrieved 2010 09 29 Sendai Kuji Hongi Book 4 先代舊事本紀 巻第四 in Keizai Zasshisha ed 1898 Kokushi taikei vol 7 国史大系 第7巻 Keizai Zasshisha pp 243 244 Chamberlain 1882 Section XXIV The Wooing of the Deity of Eight Thousand Spears Tanigawa Ken ichi de 日本の神々 神社と聖地 7 山陰 新装復刊 2000年 白水社 ISBN 978 4 560 02507 9 a b Kazuhiko Nishioka 26 April 2005 Isukeyorihime Encyclopedia of Shinto Archived from the original on 2023 03 21 Retrieved 2010 09 29 a b 神話の中のヒメたち もうひとつの古事記 p94 97 初代皇后は 神の御子 a b 日本人名大辞典 Plus デジタル版 日子八井命とは コトバンク in Japanese Retrieved 2022 06 01 a b ANDASSOVA Maral 2019 Emperor Jinmu in the Kojiki Japan Review 32 5 16 ISSN 0915 0986 JSTOR 26652947 a b Visit Kusakabeyoshimi Shrine on your trip to Takamori machi or Japan trips klarna com Retrieved 2023 03 04 a b c Nussbaum Louis Frederic 2002 Japan Encyclopedia Harvard University Press p 32 ISBN 9780674017535 a b c Ponsonby Fane Richard 1959 The Imperial House of Japan Ponsonby Memorial Society p 29 amp 418 a b c Brown Delmer M and Ichirō Ishida 1979 A Translation and Study of the Gukanshō an Interpretative History of Japan Written in 1219 University of California Press p 251 ISBN 9780520034600 図説 歴代天皇紀 p42 43 綏靖天皇 a b c d e Anston p 144 Vol 1 Grapard Allan G 2023 04 28 The Protocol of the Gods A Study of the Kasuga Cult in Japanese History University of California Press ISBN 978 0 520 91036 2 Tenri Journal of Religion Tenri University Press 1968 Takano Tomoaki Uchimura Hiroaki 2006 History and Festivals of the Aso Shrine Aso Shrine Ichinomiya Aso City Aso Shrine Anston p 143 Vol 1 a b c d Anston p 144 Vol 1 Watase Masatada in Japanese 1983 Kakinomoto no Hitomaro Nihon Koten Bungaku Daijiten 日本古典文学大辞典 in Japanese Vol 1 Tokyo Iwanami Shoten pp 586 588 OCLC 11917421 a b c Aston William George 1896 Nihongi Chronicles of Japan from the Earliest Times to A D 697 Volume 2 The Japan Society London pp 150 164 ISBN 9780524053478 a b c Kuwashi Hime A History of Japan 日本歴史 A History of Japan 日本歴史 Retrieved 2023 11 17 a b c Anston p 149 Vol 1 Louis Frederic Kibitsu hiko no Mikoto in Japan Encyclopedia p 513 Ujiya Tsutomu 1988 Nihon shoki Grove Press p 121 ISBN 978 0 8021 5058 5 Aston William George 1896 Nihongi Chronicles of Japan from the Earliest Times to A D 697 Volume 2 The Japan Society London p 109 amp 149 150 ISBN 9780524053478 a b c d Shimazu Norifumi March 15 2006 Takeshiuchi no Sukune eos kokugakuin ac jp Retrieved May 16 2019 a b Asakawa Kan ichi 1903 The Early Institutional Life of Japan Tokyo Shueisha p 140 ISBN 9780722225394 Brown Delmer M and Ichirō Ishida 1979 A Translation and Study of the Gukanshō an Interpretative History of Japan Written in 1219 University of California Press p 248 amp 253 ISBN 9780520034600 Henshall Kenneth 2013 11 07 Historical Dictionary of Japan to 1945 Scarecrow Press ISBN 978 0 8108 7872 3 Mimakihime A History of Japan 日本歴史 A History of Japan 日本歴史 Retrieved 2023 11 18 Brown Delmer M and Ichirō Ishida 1979 A Translation and Study of the Gukanshō an Interpretative History of Japan Written in 1219 University of California Press p 248 amp 253 254 ISBN 9780520034600 a b Henshall Kenneth 2013 11 07 Historical Dictionary of Japan to 1945 Scarecrow Press ISBN 978 0 8108 7872 3 Sahobime A History of Japan 日本歴史 A History of Japan 日本歴史 Retrieved 2023 11 18 a b Memoirs of the Research Department of the Toyo Bunko the Oriental Library Issues 32 34 Toyo Bunko 1974 p 63 Retrieved July 30 2019 a b Yasakairihime A History of Japan 日本歴史 A History of Japan 日本歴史 Retrieved 2023 11 28 a b Kenneth Henshall 2013 Historical Dictionary of Japan to 1945 Scarecrow Press p 487 ISBN 9780810878723 a b Memoirs of the Research Department of the Toyo Bunko the Oriental Library Issues 32 34 Toyo Bunko 1974 pp 63 64 Retrieved 1 August 2019 Saigu 國學院大學デジタルミュージアム web archive org 2022 05 22 Retrieved 2023 11 29 Brown Delmer et al 1979 Gukanshō p 253 Varley H Paul 1980 Jinnō Shōtōki pp 95 96 Titsingh Isaac 1834 Annales des empereurs du japon p 10 Kidder Jonathan E 2007 Himiko and Japan s Elusive Chiefdom of Yamatai Archaeology History and Mythology University of Hawaii Press p 344 ISBN 9780824830359 a b c Packard Jerrold M 2000 Sons of Heaven A Portrait of the Japanese Monarchy FireWord Publishing Incorporated p 45 ISBN 9781930782013 a b c Xinzhong Yao 2003 Confucianism O Z Taylor amp Francis US p 467 ISBN 9780415306539 Aston William George 1998 Nihongi p 254 271 a b Aston William 1998 Nihongi Vol 1 pp 224 253 文也 2019 05 26 仲姫命とはどんな人 歴史好きブログ in Japanese Retrieved 2023 01 19 日本人名大辞典 Plus 朝日日本歴史人物事典 デジタル版 仲姫命 なかつひめのみこと とは 意味や使い方 コトバンク in Japanese Retrieved 2023 01 19 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint multiple names authors list link Nunasoko Nakatsuhime A History of Japan 日本歴史 A History of Japan 日本歴史 Retrieved 2023 11 18 Aston William 1998 Nihongi Vol 1 pp 254 271 Further reading editAston William George 1896 Nihongi Chronicles of Japan from the Earliest Times to A D 697 London Kegan Paul Trench Trubner OCLC 448337491 Brown Delmer M and Ichirō Ishida eds 1979 Gukanshō The Future and the Past Berkeley University of California Press ISBN 978 0 520 03460 0 OCLC 251325323 Chamberlain Basil Hall 1920 The Kojiki Read before the Asiatic Society of Japan on April 12 May 10 and June 21 1882 reprinted May 1919 OCLC 1882339 Nussbaum Louis Frederic and Kathe Roth 2005 Japan encyclopedia Cambridge Harvard University Press ISBN 978 0 674 01753 5 OCLC 58053128 Ponsonby Fane Richard Arthur Brabazon 1959 The Imperial House of Japan Kyoto Ponsonby Memorial Society OCLC 194887 Titsingh Isaac 1834 Nihon Ōdai Ichiran ou Annales des empereurs du Japon Paris Royal Asiatic Society Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland OCLC 5850691 Varley H Paul 1980 Jinnō Shōtōki A Chronicle of Gods and Sovereigns New York Columbia University Press ISBN 978 0 231 04940 5 OCLC 59145842Regnal titlesPreceded byEmperor Suizei Legendary Emperor of Japan549 BC 511 BC traditional dates Succeeded byEmperor Itoku Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Emperor Annei amp oldid 1186676528, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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