Emperor Suinin (垂仁天皇, Suinin-tennō), also known as Ikumeiribikoisachi no Sumeramikoto (活目入彦五十狭茅天皇) was the 11th legendaryEmperor of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession.[3][4] Less is known about Suinin than his father, and likewise he is also considered to be a "legendary emperor". Both the Kojiki, and the Nihon Shoki (collectively known as the Kiki) record events that took place during Suinin's alleged lifetime. This legendary narrative tells how he ordered his daughter Yamatohime-no-mikoto to establish a new permanent shrine for Amaterasu (the Sun Goddess), which eventually became known as the Ise Grand Shrine. Other events that were recorded concurrently with his reign include the origins of Sumo wrestling in the form of a wrestling match involving Nomi no Sukune.
Suinin's reign is conventionally considered to have been from 29 BC to AD 70.[5] During his alleged lifetime, he fathered seventeen children with two chief wives (empress) and six consorts. One of his sons became the next emperor upon his death in 70 AD, but the location of his father's grave (if any) is unknown. Suinin is traditionally venerated at a memorialShintotomb (misasagi) at Nishi-machi, Amagatsuji, Nara City.
The Japanese have traditionally accepted this sovereign's historical existence, and a mausoleum (misasagi) for Suinin is currently maintained. There remains no conclusive evidence though that supports this historical figure actually reigning.[6] The following information available is taken from the pseudo-historicalKojiki and Nihon Shoki, which are collectively known as Kiki (記紀) or Japanese chronicles. These chronicles include legends and myths, as well as potential historical facts that have since been exaggerated and/or distorted over time. The records state that Suinin was born sometime in 69 BC, and was the third son of Emperor Sujin.[2][4] Suinin's empress mother was named Mimaki-hime, who is also former Emperor Kōgen's daughter. Before he was enthroned sometime in 29 BC, his pre-ascension name was Prince Ikumeiribikoisachi no Sumeramikoto. He appears to have ascended the throne a year before his father's death in 30 BC, and ruled from the palace of Tamaki-no-miya (師木玉垣宮, and in the Nihon Shoki as 纒向珠城宮) at Makimuku in what later became Yamato Province.
Suinin is best known for events that surround the founding of the Ise Grand Shrine. The Nihon Shoki states that around 2,000 years ago the Emperor ordered his daughter Yamatohime-no-mikoto, to find a permanent location to worship the goddess Amaterasu-ōmikami (the Sun Goddess).[5][7] Yamatohime searched for 20 years before settling on a location in Ise, where she established Naiku,[a] the Inner Shrine.[4][8] She is said to have chosen the location after she heard the voice of Amaterasu say; "(Ise) is a secluded and pleasant land. In this land I wish to dwell." Amaterasu had previously been enshrined and worshipped in Kasanui, which was set up by Suinin's father in an attempt to alleviate a devastating plaque. The Kojiki records that during the reign of Emperor Suinin, the first Saiō (High Priestess) was appointed for Ise Grand Shrine. This recording is also noted by Jien, who was a 13th-century historian and poet.[4] This remains disputed though, as the Man'yōshū (The Anthology of Ten Thousand Leaves) states that the first Saiō to serve at Ise was Princess Ōku. If the latter is true then it would date the Saiō appointments to the reign of Emperor Tenmu (c. 673 – 686 AD).[9]
There were other events during Suinin's reign as well that include an Asama Shrine tradition regarding Mount Fuji. The earliest veneration of Konohanasakuya-hime at the base of the mountain was said to be during the 3rd year of Emperor Suinin's reign.[10] The Nihon Shoki also records a wrestling match in which Nomi no Sukune and Taima no Kehaya held during his era, as the origin of Sumai (Sumo wrestling). Meanwhile, Emperor Suinin's family grew to consist of 17 children with eight variously ranked wives. One of his consorts named Kaguya-hime-no-Mikoto, is mentioned in the Kojiki as a possible basis for the legend of Kaguya-hime regarding the couple's love story. Emperor Suinin died in 70 AD at the age of 138, and his son Prince Ootarashihikoosirowake was enthroned as the next emperor the following year.[2]
Known information
Official mausoleum (misasagi) of Emperor Suinin, Nara Prefecture
Emperor Suinin is regarded by historians as a "legendary Emperor" as there is insufficient material available for further verification and study.[11] Unlike Emperor Sujin, there is less known about Suinin to possibly support his existence. In either case (fictional or not), the name Suinin-tennō was assigned to him posthumously by later generations.[12] His name might have been regularized centuries after the lifetime ascribed to Suinin, possibly during the time in which legends about the origins of the Yamato dynasty were compiled as the chronicles known today as the Kojiki.[6] Suinin's longevity was also written down by later compilers, who may have unrealistically extended his age to fill in time gaps.[13] While the actual site of Suinin's grave is not known, the Emperor is traditionally venerated at a memorialShintoshrine (misasagi) at Nishi-machi, Amagatsuji, Nara City. The Imperial Household Agency designates this location as Suinin's mausoleum, and is formally named Sugawara no Fushimi no higashi no misasagi.[3][14]
While the Ise Grand Shrine is traditionally said to have been established in the 1st century BC, other dates in the 3rd and 4th centuries have also been put forward for the establishment of Naikū and Gekū respectively.[15] The first shrine building at Naikū was allegedly erected by Emperor Tenmu (678-686), with the first ceremonial rebuilding being carried out by his wife, Empress Jitō, in 692.[16] Outside of the Kiki, the reign of Emperor Kinmei[b] (c. 509 – 571 AD) is the first for which contemporary historiography has been able to assign verifiable dates.[19] The conventionally accepted names and dates of the early Emperors were not confirmed as "traditional" though, until the reign of Emperor Kanmu[c] between 737 and 806 AD.[6]
Emperor Suinin had two chief wives (aka Empress), it is recorded in the Kiki that the first empress was named Saho. Not much is known about her other than that her father was Emperor Kaika's son and she allegedly died sometime in 34 AD. As with the first empress there is also not much known about Suinin's second chief wife Hibasu. She was the daughter Prince Tanba-no-Michinoushi, who was Prince Hikoimasu's son and Emperor Kaika's grandson. Hibasu's third son later became known as Emperor Keikō (the next emperor), she allegedly died sometime in 61 AD. Suinin also had six named consorts with an additional one remaining unknown. Prince Tanba-no-Michinoushi (previously mentioned), was also the father to three of Suinin's consorts. In all the Emperor's family consisted of 17 children with these variously ranked wives.
Spouse
Position
Name
Father
Issue
Empress (1st)
Saho-hime (狭穂姫命)
Prince Hikoimasu
• First Son: Prince Homutsuwake (誉津別命)
Empress (2nd)
Hibasu-hime (日葉酢媛命)
Prince Tanba-no-Michinoushi
• Prince Inishikiirihiko (五十瓊敷入彦命) • Third Son: Prince Ootarashihikoosirowake (大足彦忍代別尊) • Princess Oonakatsu-hime (大中姫命) • Princess Yamato-hime (倭姫命)[d] • Prince Wakakiniirihiko (稚城瓊入彦命)
Concubines
Name
Father
Issue
Nubataniiri-hime (渟葉田瓊入媛)
Prince Tanba-no-Michinoushi
• Prince Nuteshiwake (鐸石別命) • Princess Ikatarashi-hime (胆香足姫命)
Matono-hime (真砥野媛)
Prince Tanba-no-Michinoushi
—
Azaminiiri-hime (薊瓊入媛)
Prince Tanba-no-Michinoushi
• Prince Ikohayawake (息速別命) • Princess Wakaasatsu-hime (稚浅津姫命)
^ abYamato is said to have established Ise Grand Shrine where the Sun Goddess, Amaterasu Omikami is enshrined. It remains unverified and up for debate if she was the first Saiō (high priestess) as alternate theories exist .
^ abcdBrown, Delmer M. and Ichirō Ishida (1979). A Translation and Study of the Gukanshō, an Interpretative History of Japan Written in 1219. University of California Press. p. 248 & 253–254. ISBN9780520034600.
^ abPonsonby-Fane, Richard (1959). The Imperial House of Japan. Ponsonby Memorial Society. p. 32.
^ abcAston, William George. (1896). Nihongi: Chronicles of Japan from the Earliest Times to A.D. 697, Volume 2. The Japan Society London. p. 109 & 167–187. ISBN9780524053478.
^Ponsonby-Fane, Richard. (1962. Studies in Shinto and Shrines, p. 458.
^Kelly, Charles F. "Kofun Culture". www.t-net.ne.jp. Retrieved May 28, 2019.
^Brinkley, Frank (1915). A History of the Japanese People from the Earliest Times to the end of the Meiji Era. Britannica.com. p. 21. Posthumous names for the earthly Mikados were invented in the reign of Emperor Kanmu (782–805), i.e., after the date of the compilation of the Records and the Chronicles.
^Brinkley, Francis (1911). "Japan/09 Domestic History" . In Chisholm, Hugh (ed.). Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 15 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 252–273, see page 253.
^Trudy Ring, Noelle Watson, Paul Schellinger (2012). Asia and Oceania: International Dictionary of Historic Places. Routledge. ISBN9781136639791.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
^Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). Nihon Ōdai Ichiran (in French). Royal Asiatic Society, Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland. pp. 34–36.
^Brown, Delmer M. and Ichirō Ishida (1979). A Translation and Study of the Gukanshō, an Interpretative History of Japan Written in 1219. University of California Press. pp. 261–262. ISBN9780520034600.
^Hoye, Timothy. (1999). Japanese Politics: Fixed and Floating Worlds. Prentice Hall. p. 78. ISBN9780132712897. According to legend, the first Japanese Emperor was Jimmu. Along with the next 13 Emperors, Jimmu is not considered an actual, historical figure. Historically verifiable Emperors of Japan date from the early sixth century with Kimmei.
Further reading
Aston, William George. (1896). Nihongi: Chronicles of Japan from the Earliest Times to A.D. 697. London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner. OCLC 448337491
Chamberlain, Basil Hall. (1920). The Kojiki. Read before the Asiatic Society of Japan on April 12, May 10, and June 21, 1882; reprinted, May, 1919. OCLC 1882339
Ponsonby-Fane, Richard Arthur Brabazon. (1959). The Imperial House of Japan. Kyoto: Ponsonby Memorial Society. OCLC 194887
____________. (1962). Studies in Shinto and Shrines. Kyoto: Ponsonby Memorial Society. OCLC 3994492
Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). Nihon Ōdai Ichiran; ou, Annales des empereurs du Japon. Paris: Royal Asiatic Society, Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland. OCLC 5850691
emperor, suinin, 垂仁天皇, suinin, tennō, also, known, ikumeiribikoisachi, sumeramikoto, 活目入彦五十狭茅天皇, 11th, legendary, emperor, japan, according, traditional, order, succession, less, known, about, suinin, than, father, likewise, also, considered, legendary, empero. Emperor Suinin 垂仁天皇 Suinin tennō also known as Ikumeiribikoisachi no Sumeramikoto 活目入彦五十狭茅天皇 was the 11th legendary Emperor of Japan according to the traditional order of succession 3 4 Less is known about Suinin than his father and likewise he is also considered to be a legendary emperor Both the Kojiki and the Nihon Shoki collectively known as the Kiki record events that took place during Suinin s alleged lifetime This legendary narrative tells how he ordered his daughter Yamatohime no mikoto to establish a new permanent shrine for Amaterasu the Sun Goddess which eventually became known as the Ise Grand Shrine Other events that were recorded concurrently with his reign include the origins of Sumo wrestling in the form of a wrestling match involving Nomi no Sukune Emperor Suinin垂仁天皇Emperor of JapanReign29 BC 70 traditional 1 PredecessorSujinSuccessorKeikōBornIkume 活目尊 69 BC 2 Died70 aged 139 BurialSugawara no Fushimi no higashi no misasagi 菅原伏見東陵 Nara SpousesSahohime no MikotoHibasuhime no MikotoIssueamong others Emperor KeikōPosthumous nameChinese style shigō Emperor Suinin 垂仁天皇 Japanese style shigō Ikumeiribikoisachi no Sumeramikoto 活目入彦五十狭茅天皇 HouseImperial House of JapanFatherEmperor SujinMotherMimaki himeReligionShintoSuinin s reign is conventionally considered to have been from 29 BC to AD 70 5 During his alleged lifetime he fathered seventeen children with two chief wives empress and six consorts One of his sons became the next emperor upon his death in 70 AD but the location of his father s grave if any is unknown Suinin is traditionally venerated at a memorial Shinto tomb misasagi at Nishi machi Amagatsuji Nara City Contents 1 Legendary narrative 2 Known information 3 Consorts and children 3 1 Spouse 3 2 Concubines 3 3 Issue 4 See also 5 Notes 6 References 7 Further reading 8 External linksLegendary narrative EditThe Japanese have traditionally accepted this sovereign s historical existence and a mausoleum misasagi for Suinin is currently maintained There remains no conclusive evidence though that supports this historical figure actually reigning 6 The following information available is taken from the pseudo historical Kojiki and Nihon Shoki which are collectively known as Kiki 記紀 or Japanese chronicles These chronicles include legends and myths as well as potential historical facts that have since been exaggerated and or distorted over time The records state that Suinin was born sometime in 69 BC and was the third son of Emperor Sujin 2 4 Suinin s empress mother was named Mimaki hime who is also former Emperor Kōgen s daughter Before he was enthroned sometime in 29 BC his pre ascension name was Prince Ikumeiribikoisachi no Sumeramikoto He appears to have ascended the throne a year before his father s death in 30 BC and ruled from the palace of Tamaki no miya 師木玉垣宮 and in the Nihon Shoki as 纒向珠城宮 at Makimuku in what later became Yamato Province Suinin is best known for events that surround the founding of the Ise Grand Shrine The Nihon Shoki states that around 2 000 years ago the Emperor ordered his daughter Yamatohime no mikoto to find a permanent location to worship the goddess Amaterasu ōmikami the Sun Goddess 5 7 Yamatohime searched for 20 years before settling on a location in Ise where she established Naiku a the Inner Shrine 4 8 She is said to have chosen the location after she heard the voice of Amaterasu say Ise is a secluded and pleasant land In this land I wish to dwell Amaterasu had previously been enshrined and worshipped in Kasanui which was set up by Suinin s father in an attempt to alleviate a devastating plaque The Kojiki records that during the reign of Emperor Suinin the first Saiō High Priestess was appointed for Ise Grand Shrine This recording is also noted by Jien who was a 13th century historian and poet 4 This remains disputed though as the Man yōshu The Anthology of Ten Thousand Leaves states that the first Saiō to serve at Ise was Princess Ōku If the latter is true then it would date the Saiō appointments to the reign of Emperor Tenmu c 673 686 AD 9 There were other events during Suinin s reign as well that include an Asama Shrine tradition regarding Mount Fuji The earliest veneration of Konohanasakuya hime at the base of the mountain was said to be during the 3rd year of Emperor Suinin s reign 10 The Nihon Shoki also records a wrestling match in which Nomi no Sukune and Taima no Kehaya held during his era as the origin of Sumai Sumo wrestling Meanwhile Emperor Suinin s family grew to consist of 17 children with eight variously ranked wives One of his consorts named Kaguya hime no Mikoto is mentioned in the Kojiki as a possible basis for the legend of Kaguya hime regarding the couple s love story Emperor Suinin died in 70 AD at the age of 138 and his son Prince Ootarashihikoosirowake was enthroned as the next emperor the following year 2 Known information Edit Official mausoleum misasagi of Emperor Suinin Nara Prefecture Emperor Suinin is regarded by historians as a legendary Emperor as there is insufficient material available for further verification and study 11 Unlike Emperor Sujin there is less known about Suinin to possibly support his existence In either case fictional or not the name Suinin tennō was assigned to him posthumously by later generations 12 His name might have been regularized centuries after the lifetime ascribed to Suinin possibly during the time in which legends about the origins of the Yamato dynasty were compiled as the chronicles known today as the Kojiki 6 Suinin s longevity was also written down by later compilers who may have unrealistically extended his age to fill in time gaps 13 While the actual site of Suinin s grave is not known the Emperor is traditionally venerated at a memorial Shinto shrine misasagi at Nishi machi Amagatsuji Nara City The Imperial Household Agency designates this location as Suinin s mausoleum and is formally named Sugawara no Fushimi no higashi no misasagi 3 14 While the Ise Grand Shrine is traditionally said to have been established in the 1st century BC other dates in the 3rd and 4th centuries have also been put forward for the establishment of Naiku and Geku respectively 15 The first shrine building at Naiku was allegedly erected by Emperor Tenmu 678 686 with the first ceremonial rebuilding being carried out by his wife Empress Jitō in 692 16 Outside of the Kiki the reign of Emperor Kinmei b c 509 571 AD is the first for which contemporary historiography has been able to assign verifiable dates 19 The conventionally accepted names and dates of the early Emperors were not confirmed as traditional though until the reign of Emperor Kanmu c between 737 and 806 AD 6 Consorts and children EditThis section does not cite any sources Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed May 2019 Learn how and when to remove this template message Emperor Suinin had two chief wives aka Empress it is recorded in the Kiki that the first empress was named Saho Not much is known about her other than that her father was Emperor Kaika s son and she allegedly died sometime in 34 AD As with the first empress there is also not much known about Suinin s second chief wife Hibasu She was the daughter Prince Tanba no Michinoushi who was Prince Hikoimasu s son and Emperor Kaika s grandson Hibasu s third son later became known as Emperor Keikō the next emperor she allegedly died sometime in 61 AD Suinin also had six named consorts with an additional one remaining unknown Prince Tanba no Michinoushi previously mentioned was also the father to three of Suinin s consorts In all the Emperor s family consisted of 17 children with these variously ranked wives Spouse Edit Position Name Father IssueEmpress 1st Saho hime 狭穂姫命 Prince Hikoimasu First Son Prince Homutsuwake 誉津別命 Empress 2nd Hibasu hime 日葉酢媛命 Prince Tanba no Michinoushi Prince Inishikiirihiko 五十瓊敷入彦命 Third Son Prince Ootarashihikoosirowake 大足彦忍代別尊 Princess Oonakatsu hime 大中姫命 Princess Yamato hime 倭姫命 d Prince Wakakiniirihiko 稚城瓊入彦命 Concubines Edit Name Father IssueNubataniiri hime 渟葉田瓊入媛 Prince Tanba no Michinoushi Prince Nuteshiwake 鐸石別命 Princess Ikatarashi hime 胆香足姫命 Matono hime 真砥野媛 Prince Tanba no Michinoushi Azaminiiri hime 薊瓊入媛 Prince Tanba no Michinoushi Prince Ikohayawake 息速別命 Princess Wakaasatsu hime 稚浅津姫命 Kaguya hime 迦具夜比売 Prince Ootsutsukitarine Prince Onabe 袁那弁王 Kanihatatobe 綺戸辺 Yamashiro no Ookuni no Fuchi Prince Iwatsukuwake 磐撞別命 Princess Futajiiri hime 両道入姫命 Karihatatobe 苅幡戸辺 Yamashiro no Ookuni no Fuchi Prince Oochiwake 祖別命 Prince Ikatarashihiko 五十日足彦命 Prince Itakeruwake 胆武別命 Un known Prince Tuburame 円目王 Issue Edit Status Name Mother CommentsPrince Homutsuwake 誉津別命 Saho hime Prince Inishikiirihiko 五十瓊敷入彦命 Hibasu hime Prince Ootarashihikoosirowake 大足彦忍代別尊 Hibasu hime Later known as Emperor KeikōPrincess Oonakatsu hime 大中姫命 Hibasu hime Princess Yamato hime 倭姫命 Hibasu hime Possibly the first Saiō d Prince Wakakiniirihiko 稚城瓊入彦命 Hibasu hime Prince Nuteshiwake 鐸石別命 Nubataniiri hime Ancestor of the Wake clan Wake no Kiyomaro Princess Ikatarashi hime 胆香足姫命 Nubataniiri hime Prince Ikohayawake 息速別命 Azaminiiri hime Princess Wakaasatsu hime 稚浅津姫命 Azaminiiri hime Prince Onabe 袁那弁王 Kaguya hime Prince Iwatsukuwake 磐撞別命 Kanihatatobe Ancestor of the Mio clan 三尾氏 and maternal ancestor of Emperor Keitai Princess Futajiiri hime 両道入姫命 Kanihatatobe Later married Prince Ōsu was the mother of Emperor Chuai Prince Oochiwake 祖別命 Karihatatobe Prince Ikatarashihiko 五十日足彦命 Karihatatobe Prince Itakeruwake 胆武別命 Karihatatobe Prince Tuburame 円目王 Un known See also EditEmperor of Japan List of Emperors of Japan Imperial cultNotes Edit The Ise Grand Shrine is a complex composed of a large number of Shinto shrines centered on two main shrines Naiku 内宮 and Geku 外宮 The 29th Emperor 17 18 Kanmu was the 50th sovereign of the Yamato dynasty a b Yamato is said to have established Ise Grand Shrine where the Sun Goddess Amaterasu Omikami is enshrined It remains unverified and up for debate if she was the first Saiō high priestess as alternate theories exist References Edit Japanese Imperial kamon a stylized chrysanthemum blossom Genealogy of the Emperors of Japan PDF Kunaicho go jp Retrieved May 28 2019 a b c Kenneth Henshall 2013 Historical Dictionary of Japan to 1945 Scarecrow Press p 487 ISBN 9780810878723 a b 垂仁天皇 11 Imperial Household Agency Kunaichō in Japanese Retrieved May 28 2019 a b c d Brown Delmer M and Ichirō Ishida 1979 A Translation and Study of the Gukanshō an Interpretative History of Japan Written in 1219 University of California Press p 248 amp 253 254 ISBN 9780520034600 a b Ponsonby Fane Richard 1959 The Imperial House of Japan Ponsonby Memorial Society p 32 a b c Aston William George 1896 Nihongi Chronicles of Japan from the Earliest Times to A D 697 Volume 2 The Japan Society London p 109 amp 167 187 ISBN 9780524053478 Varley H Paul 1980 Jinnō Shōtōki A Chronicle of Gods and Sovereigns Columbia University Press pp 95 96 ISBN 9780231049405 The Deep Purple Story of Meiwa 紫紺の語り部 Meiwa Town Office 2003 p 3 Mark Teeuwen John Breen 2017 A Social History of the Ise Shrines Divine Capital Bloomsbury Publishing pp 14 15 ISBN 9781474272810 Ponsonby Fane Richard 1962 Studies in Shinto and Shrines p 458 Kelly Charles F Kofun Culture www t net ne jp Retrieved May 28 2019 Brinkley Frank 1915 A History of the Japanese People from the Earliest Times to the end of the Meiji Era Britannica com p 21 Posthumous names for the earthly Mikados were invented in the reign of Emperor Kanmu 782 805 i e after the date of the compilation of the Records and the Chronicles Brinkley Francis 1911 Japan 09 Domestic History In Chisholm Hugh ed Encyclopaedia Britannica Vol 15 11th ed Cambridge University Press pp 252 273 see page 253 Ponsonby Fane Studies in Shinto p 418 Trudy Ring Noelle Watson Paul Schellinger 2012 Asia and Oceania International Dictionary of Historic Places Routledge ISBN 9781136639791 a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a CS1 maint multiple names authors list link Sacred Places Ise Shrine http witcombe sbc edu sacredplaces ise html Titsingh Isaac 1834 Nihon Ōdai Ichiran in French Royal Asiatic Society Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland pp 34 36 Brown Delmer M and Ichirō Ishida 1979 A Translation and Study of the Gukanshō an Interpretative History of Japan Written in 1219 University of California Press pp 261 262 ISBN 9780520034600 Hoye Timothy 1999 Japanese Politics Fixed and Floating Worlds Prentice Hall p 78 ISBN 9780132712897 According to legend the first Japanese Emperor was Jimmu Along with the next 13 Emperors Jimmu is not considered an actual historical figure Historically verifiable Emperors of Japan date from the early sixth century with Kimmei Further reading EditAston William George 1896 Nihongi Chronicles of Japan from the Earliest Times to A D 697 London Kegan Paul Trench Trubner OCLC 448337491 Brown Delmer M and Ichirō Ishida eds 1979 Gukanshō The Future and the Past Berkeley University of California Press ISBN 978 0 520 03460 0 OCLC 251325323 Chamberlain Basil Hall 1920 The Kojiki Read before the Asiatic Society of Japan on April 12 May 10 and June 21 1882 reprinted May 1919 OCLC 1882339 Ponsonby Fane Richard Arthur Brabazon 1959 The Imperial House of Japan Kyoto Ponsonby Memorial Society OCLC 194887 1962 Studies in Shinto and Shrines Kyoto Ponsonby Memorial Society OCLC 3994492 Titsingh Isaac 1834 Nihon Ōdai Ichiran ou Annales des empereurs du Japon Paris Royal Asiatic Society Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland OCLC 5850691 Varley H Paul 1980 Jinnō Shōtōki A Chronicle of Gods and Sovereigns New York Columbia University Press ISBN 978 0 231 04940 5 OCLC 59145842External links EditIse Shrine Naiku official websiteRegnal titlesPreceded byEmperor Sujin Legendary Emperor of Japan29 BC 70 traditional dates Succeeded byEmperor Keikō Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Emperor Suinin amp oldid 1146536974, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
