fbpx
Wikipedia

Amha Selassie

April 27, 2024

Amha Selassie (Amharic: አምሃ ሥላሴ; Āmiha Šilasē; born Asfaw Wossen Tafari; 27 July 1916 – 17 January 1997)[1] was Emperor-in-exile of Ethiopia. As son of Haile Selassie, he was Crown Prince and was proclaimed monarch three times. He was first proclaimed Emperor during an unsuccessful coup attempt against his father in December 1960, during which he alleged that he was detained and compelled to accept the title.[2] After his father was deposed in a later coup, he was proclaimed King (not Emperor) in absentia by the Derg on 12 September 1974[3] in an act which he never accepted as legitimate and that ended in the abolition of the Ethiopian monarchy on 21 March 1975.[4] He was again proclaimed Emperor in exile on 8 April 1989. This time he sanctioned the proclamation and accepted its legitimacy.[citation needed] After his accession, his full reign name was His Imperial Majesty Emperor Amha Selassie I, Elect of God, Conquering Lion of the Tribe of Judah and King of Kings of Ethiopia.

Amha Selassie
አምሃ ሥላሴ
Amha Selassie in 1932
King of Ethiopia
(designate, unacknowledged)
Reign12 September 1974 –
21 March 1975
PredecessorHaile Selassie
as Emperor of Ethiopia
SuccessorMonarchy abolished
Tafari Benti
as Chairman of the Derg
Chairman
De facto		Aman Andom
Tafari Benti
Emperor of Ethiopia
Reign8 April 1989 – 17 January 1997
PredecessorHaile Selassie
Heir-apparentZera Yacob
BornAsfaw Wossen Tafari
(1916-07-27)27 July 1916
Harar, Ethiopian Empire
Died17 January 1997(1997-01-17) (aged 80)[1]
McLean, Virginia, United States
Burial
Holy Trinity Cathedral, Addis Ababa
SpouseWolete Israel Seyoum
Medferiashwork Abebe
IssuePrincess Ijigayehu
Princess Maryam Senna
Princess Sehin Azebe
Princess Sifrash Bizu
Crown Prince Zera Yacob
HouseHouse of Solomon (Shewan Branch)
FatherHaile Selassie
MotherMenen Asfaw
ReligionEthiopian Orthodox Tewahedo

Biography edit

He was born Asfaw Wossen Tafari, in the walled city of Harar, to Dejazmach Tafari Makonnen, then the governor of Harar and future Emperor of Ethiopia, and his wife Menen Asfaw, on 29 July 1916.[1]

Amha Selassie became Crown Prince Asfaw Wossen of Ethiopia when his father was crowned Emperor on 2 November 1930. Crown Prince Asfaw Wossen was granted the title of Meridazmach and the province (former kingdom) of Wollo to rule as his fief. He was married to Princess Wolete Israel Seyoum, great-granddaughter of Emperor Yohannes IV, and had a daughter, Princess Ijigayehu. Following the Italian invasion of Ethiopia in 1936, the Crown Prince and Princess went into exile with the rest of the Imperial family. They separated around 1938, and eventually divorced in 1941.

 
Asfaw Wossen with King Fuad I of the Kingdom of Egypt in 1931

Following Emperor Haile Selassie's restoration in 1941, the Crown Prince returned to Ethiopia, and participated in the campaign to drive the Italian forces out of the city of Gondar, the last town they held in Ethiopia. He briefly served as acting governor of the provinces of Begemder and Tigray, retaining Wollo the entire time. He was eventually remarried to Princess Medferiashwork Abebe, and would father three more daughters, Princesses Mariam Senna, Sefrash, Sehin, and a son Prince Zera Yacob.

On the evening of 13 December 1960, the commander of the Imperial Guard, Mengistu Neway, with his brother Germame Neway launched a coup d'état and seized power in Ethiopia while the Emperor was on a visit to Brazil. The coup leaders allegedly detained Crown Prince Asfaw Wossen in the Imperial Palace, and the following morning, having secured control over most of the capital, then allegedly compelled the Crown Prince to read a radio statement, in which he accepted the crown in his father's place and announced a government of reform. However, the regular Army, led by Dejazmach Asrate Medhin Kassa and Chief of Staff, Major General Mared Mangesha, spent the following day gaining control of other military formations, as well as the Air Force; later that day Patriarch Abuna Basilios of the Ethiopian Orthodox Church, issued an anathema against all those who cooperated with the rebels. On 15 December fighting broke out in the city, and the rebels were driven out of Addis Ababa; before retreating the rebels slaughtered many members of the government and the nobility held hostage in the Green Salon of the palace. Among the dead were Abebe Aregai and Seyum Mangasha. The Emperor returned to Ethiopia, entering the capital on 17 December.[5] Although it was alleged that the Crown Prince had acted under duress, his outlook had long been regarded as considerably more liberal than that of his father, and so he would always be suspected of having been a willing participant in the coup attempt. By contrast, Medferiashwork Abebe, the wife of the Crown Prince, is credited with playing a role against the coup attempt. In 1974 the Crown Prince Asfaw Wossen said that he "undoubtedly not only knew about the revolution ahead of time, he was also part of the people who had organized it."[6][7]

At the age of 58 in late 1972, after his father Emperor Haile Selassie blamed him for hiding the realities of the famine in the region which he presided over as Duke (Wollo) from him, Crown Prince Asfaw Wossen suffered a massive stroke and was evacuated for medical treatment to London[8] and Switzerland.[1][9] He was accompanied by his wife and daughters. The stroke left him permanently paralyzed on one side and unable to walk, and also affected his speech. As Prince Asfaw Wossen was not expected to live, his son, Prince Zera Yacob, a student at Oxford at the time, was named "Acting Crown Prince" and "Heir Presumptive".[10]

Short reign edit

The so-called "short reign" of Amha Selassie in 1974 was in name only between the dethronement of his father on 12 September 1974 until the abolition of the monarchy in March 1975.[4] Amha Selassie had been out of the country for medical treatment when the coup occurred, and he never returned during his lifetime.[8]

Haile Selassie had never signed an abdication or renounced his status as Emperor. The military junta declared the Crown Prince "King" instead of "Emperor", but he never acknowledged the title nor accepted his father's dethronement. When the new government massacred 61 ex-officials of the Imperial government, Crown Prince Asfaw Wossen issued a strong denunciation that was broadcast on the BBC. The statement was issued in the name of "Crown Prince Asfaw Wossen" which indicated that he did not recognize the Derg's declaration of him as monarch in his father's place. He continued to use the title of Crown Prince during his exile until April 1989, when he finally assumed the title of Emperor with the regnal name of Amha Selassie I. His succession was back-dated, not to 12 September 1974, when his father was deposed, but to 27 August 1975, when his father died. He reiterated his view that all of the Derg regime's acts were illegitimate and illegal.[citation needed]

Life in exile edit

On 12 September 1974, the Derg military junta deposed Emperor Haile Selassie and declared that Crown Prince Asfaw Wossen would be anointed "King" upon his return from medical treatment in Geneva, Switzerland. The Derg stated that it intended for Asfaw to rule as a constitutional monarch.[3]

However, the prince did not recognize this proclamation and did not return to Ethiopia. When he instead announced to the Ethiopian Embassy in London that he would be moving to that city shortly, the Embassy asked the Derg for instructions as to whether it should receive him as a king and head-of-state, or if it should receive him as crown prince upon his arrival in the United Kingdom. [citation needed] The Derg replied that he should be received as a simple citizen of Ethiopia and that no royal dignities were to be accorded to the prince or his family. The revolutionaries soon abolished the monarchy in March 1975, and crown prince Asfaw Wossen settled permanently in London, where several other members of the imperial family were already based. [citation needed] The other members of the imperial family who were still in Ethiopia at the time of the revolution were imprisoned, including Asfaw Wossen's father, the emperor, his daughter by his first marriage, Princess Ijigayehu, his sister Princess Tenagnework and many of his nephews, nieces, relatives and in-laws. In 1975, first his father, Emperor Haile Selassie, and then in January 1977, his daughter, Princess Ijigayehu, died in detention. Members of the Imperial family remained imprisoned until 1989 (for the women) and 1990 (for the men).

In April 1989, Crown Prince Asfaw Wossen was proclaimed "Emperor of Ethiopia" in exile, at his home in London by members of the exiled Ethiopian community. He took the throne name of Amha Selassie I. His wife began also using the title of "Empress". A year later, the emperor- and empress-in-exile moved to McLean, Virginia, USA to be close to the large Ethiopian immigrant population in and around Washington, D.C.

In 1991, with the fall of the Derg, and the coming to power of the EPRDF in Ethiopia, Amha Selassie founded the Moa Anbessa Monarchist Movement to promote a monarchial restoration in Ethiopia, and announced his intention to return to his country for a visit. However, following the disinterment of the remains of Emperor Haile Selassie, a dispute erupted between the imperial family and the new government over the status of a funeral that was planned for the late emperor. The government refused to give Haile Selassie a state funeral; consequently, the funeral, and the return of Amha Selassie, were indefinitely postponed.

Death edit

Amha Selassie died at the age of 82 on 17 January 1997, after long illnesses, in the US state of Virginia.[8] He had never completely recovered from the stroke he had experienced in 1972.[1][8] At the time his son, Zera-Jakob Selassie was living on the Isle of Dogs, London. However, when he applied for a visa so that he could preside over a funeral held in the US, he was refused a visa. When he applied a second time, he was told never to apply again. Dennis Wolf, a spokesperson for the US Embassy in London explained that Zera-Jakob had failed to convince the authorities that he had a residence outside the USA – despite having housing in the UK.[11] After this, arrangements were made for Amha Selassie's body which was flown back to Ethiopia and buried in the Imperial family vaults at Holy Trinity Cathedral in Addis Ababa in a large ceremonial funeral presided over by Patriarch Abune Paulos.[8]

Orders, decorations and honours edit

Orders and decorations edit

Amha Selassie was awarded numerous honours, including:

National edit

Foreign edit

Honorary military ranks edit

Amha Selassie held the following military ranks:[citation needed]

National edit

Ancestry edit

References edit

  1. ^ a b c d e Copley, Gregory. . Ethiopia Reaches Her Hand Unto God. Archived from the original on 20 September 2020. Retrieved 21 March 2020 – via The Crown Council.
  2. ^ "Army Ultimatum Indicated". The New York Times. 16 December 1960. Retrieved 9 May 2023.
  3. ^ a b "Ethiopian Crown Prince Hears News of Succession on Radio". The New York Times. 13 September 1974. Retrieved 10 June 2022.
  4. ^ a b "Ethiopia's Military Government Abolishes Monarchy and Titles". The New York Times. 22 March 1975. Retrieved 3 February 2022.
  5. ^ Clapham, Christopher (December 1968). "The Ethiopian Coup d'Etat of December 1960". Journal of Modern African Studies. 6 (4): 495–507. doi:10.1017/S0022278X00017730. JSTOR 159330.
  6. ^ Last, Alex. "Witness History". BBC. Retrieved 19 October 2021.
  7. ^ Vukotic, Petar. "BBC Witness Interview with Asfa-Wossen Asserate about the 1960 Coup Attempt". Petar Vukotic. Retrieved 19 October 2021 – via YouTube.
  8. ^ a b c d e Orr, David (2 February 1997). "Funeral brings the royals back to Ethiopia". The Independent. from the original on 2 October 2015. Retrieved 22 March 2020.
  9. ^ Lautze, Sue; Raven-Roberts, Angela; Erkine, Teshome (February 2009). "Humanitarian governance in the new millennium: an Ethiopian case study" (PDF). Humanitarian Policy Group: 12n8. Retrieved 19 October 2021.
  10. ^ Charles Mohr (15 April 1974). "Haile Selassie Designates a Grandson as Eventual Successor". The New York Times. Retrieved 3 February 2022.
  11. ^ Carlin, John (1997). "The Emperor of E14". No. 26 January 1997. Independent on Sunday.
  12. ^ Hemeroteca ABC

External links edit

  Media related to Amha Selassie I at Wikimedia Commons

  • The Crown Council of Ethiopia
Amha Selassie
Born: 29 July 1916 Died: 17 January 1997
Titles in pretence
Preceded by — TITULAR —
Emperor of Ethiopia
27 August 1975 – 17 January 1997
Reason for succession failure:
Empire abolished in 1975 		Succeeded by

April 27, 2024
amha, selassie, amharic, አምሃ, ሥላሴ, Āmiha, Šilasē, born, asfaw, wossen, tafari, july, 1916, january, 1997, emperor, exile, ethiopia, haile, selassie, crown, prince, proclaimed, monarch, three, times, first, proclaimed, emperor, during, unsuccessful, coup, attem. Amha Selassie Amharic አምሃ ሥላሴ Amiha Silase born Asfaw Wossen Tafari 27 July 1916 17 January 1997 1 was Emperor in exile of Ethiopia As son of Haile Selassie he was Crown Prince and was proclaimed monarch three times He was first proclaimed Emperor during an unsuccessful coup attempt against his father in December 1960 during which he alleged that he was detained and compelled to accept the title 2 After his father was deposed in a later coup he was proclaimed King not Emperor in absentia by the Derg on 12 September 1974 3 in an act which he never accepted as legitimate and that ended in the abolition of the Ethiopian monarchy on 21 March 1975 4 He was again proclaimed Emperor in exile on 8 April 1989 This time he sanctioned the proclamation and accepted its legitimacy citation needed After his accession his full reign name was His Imperial Majesty Emperor Amha Selassie I Elect of God Conquering Lion of the Tribe of Judah and King of Kings of Ethiopia Amha Selassie አምሃ ሥላሴAmha Selassie in 1932King of Ethiopia designate unacknowledged Reign12 September 1974 21 March 1975PredecessorHaile Selassieas Emperor of EthiopiaSuccessorMonarchy abolishedTafari Bentias Chairman of the DergChairman De factoAman AndomTafari BentiEmperor of EthiopiaReign8 April 1989 17 January 1997PredecessorHaile SelassieHeir apparentZera YacobBornAsfaw Wossen Tafari 1916 07 27 27 July 1916Harar Ethiopian EmpireDied17 January 1997 1997 01 17 aged 80 1 McLean Virginia United StatesBurialHoly Trinity Cathedral Addis AbabaSpouseWolete Israel SeyoumMedferiashwork AbebeIssuePrincess Ijigayehu Princess Maryam Senna Princess Sehin Azebe Princess Sifrash BizuCrown Prince Zera YacobHouseHouse of Solomon Shewan Branch FatherHaile SelassieMotherMenen AsfawReligionEthiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Contents 1 Biography 2 Short reign 3 Life in exile 4 Death 5 Orders decorations and honours 5 1 Orders and decorations 5 1 1 National 5 1 2 Foreign 5 2 Honorary military ranks 5 2 1 National 6 Ancestry 7 References 8 External linksBiography editHe was born Asfaw Wossen Tafari in the walled city of Harar to Dejazmach Tafari Makonnen then the governor of Harar and future Emperor of Ethiopia and his wife Menen Asfaw on 29 July 1916 1 Amha Selassie became Crown Prince Asfaw Wossen of Ethiopia when his father was crowned Emperor on 2 November 1930 Crown Prince Asfaw Wossen was granted the title of Meridazmach and the province former kingdom of Wollo to rule as his fief He was married to Princess Wolete Israel Seyoum great granddaughter of Emperor Yohannes IV and had a daughter Princess Ijigayehu Following the Italian invasion of Ethiopia in 1936 the Crown Prince and Princess went into exile with the rest of the Imperial family They separated around 1938 and eventually divorced in 1941 nbsp Asfaw Wossen with King Fuad I of the Kingdom of Egypt in 1931 Following Emperor Haile Selassie s restoration in 1941 the Crown Prince returned to Ethiopia and participated in the campaign to drive the Italian forces out of the city of Gondar the last town they held in Ethiopia He briefly served as acting governor of the provinces of Begemder and Tigray retaining Wollo the entire time He was eventually remarried to Princess Medferiashwork Abebe and would father three more daughters Princesses Mariam Senna Sefrash Sehin and a son Prince Zera Yacob On the evening of 13 December 1960 the commander of the Imperial Guard Mengistu Neway with his brother Germame Neway launched a coup d etat and seized power in Ethiopia while the Emperor was on a visit to Brazil The coup leaders allegedly detained Crown Prince Asfaw Wossen in the Imperial Palace and the following morning having secured control over most of the capital then allegedly compelled the Crown Prince to read a radio statement in which he accepted the crown in his father s place and announced a government of reform However the regular Army led by Dejazmach Asrate Medhin Kassa and Chief of Staff Major General Mared Mangesha spent the following day gaining control of other military formations as well as the Air Force later that day Patriarch Abuna Basilios of the Ethiopian Orthodox Church issued an anathema against all those who cooperated with the rebels On 15 December fighting broke out in the city and the rebels were driven out of Addis Ababa before retreating the rebels slaughtered many members of the government and the nobility held hostage in the Green Salon of the palace Among the dead were Abebe Aregai and Seyum Mangasha The Emperor returned to Ethiopia entering the capital on 17 December 5 Although it was alleged that the Crown Prince had acted under duress his outlook had long been regarded as considerably more liberal than that of his father and so he would always be suspected of having been a willing participant in the coup attempt By contrast Medferiashwork Abebe the wife of the Crown Prince is credited with playing a role against the coup attempt In 1974 the Crown Prince Asfaw Wossen said that he undoubtedly not only knew about the revolution ahead of time he was also part of the people who had organized it 6 7 At the age of 58 in late 1972 after his father Emperor Haile Selassie blamed him for hiding the realities of the famine in the region which he presided over as Duke Wollo from him Crown Prince Asfaw Wossen suffered a massive stroke and was evacuated for medical treatment to London 8 and Switzerland 1 9 He was accompanied by his wife and daughters The stroke left him permanently paralyzed on one side and unable to walk and also affected his speech As Prince Asfaw Wossen was not expected to live his son Prince Zera Yacob a student at Oxford at the time was named Acting Crown Prince and Heir Presumptive 10 Short reign editThe so called short reign of Amha Selassie in 1974 was in name only between the dethronement of his father on 12 September 1974 until the abolition of the monarchy in March 1975 4 Amha Selassie had been out of the country for medical treatment when the coup occurred and he never returned during his lifetime 8 Haile Selassie had never signed an abdication or renounced his status as Emperor The military junta declared the Crown Prince King instead of Emperor but he never acknowledged the title nor accepted his father s dethronement When the new government massacred 61 ex officials of the Imperial government Crown Prince Asfaw Wossen issued a strong denunciation that was broadcast on the BBC The statement was issued in the name of Crown Prince Asfaw Wossen which indicated that he did not recognize the Derg s declaration of him as monarch in his father s place He continued to use the title of Crown Prince during his exile until April 1989 when he finally assumed the title of Emperor with the regnal name of Amha Selassie I His succession was back dated not to 12 September 1974 when his father was deposed but to 27 August 1975 when his father died He reiterated his view that all of the Derg regime s acts were illegitimate and illegal citation needed Life in exile editOn 12 September 1974 the Derg military junta deposed Emperor Haile Selassie and declared that Crown Prince Asfaw Wossen would be anointed King upon his return from medical treatment in Geneva Switzerland The Derg stated that it intended for Asfaw to rule as a constitutional monarch 3 However the prince did not recognize this proclamation and did not return to Ethiopia When he instead announced to the Ethiopian Embassy in London that he would be moving to that city shortly the Embassy asked the Derg for instructions as to whether it should receive him as a king and head of state or if it should receive him as crown prince upon his arrival in the United Kingdom citation needed The Derg replied that he should be received as a simple citizen of Ethiopia and that no royal dignities were to be accorded to the prince or his family The revolutionaries soon abolished the monarchy in March 1975 and crown prince Asfaw Wossen settled permanently in London where several other members of the imperial family were already based citation needed The other members of the imperial family who were still in Ethiopia at the time of the revolution were imprisoned including Asfaw Wossen s father the emperor his daughter by his first marriage Princess Ijigayehu his sister Princess Tenagnework and many of his nephews nieces relatives and in laws In 1975 first his father Emperor Haile Selassie and then in January 1977 his daughter Princess Ijigayehu died in detention Members of the Imperial family remained imprisoned until 1989 for the women and 1990 for the men In April 1989 Crown Prince Asfaw Wossen was proclaimed Emperor of Ethiopia in exile at his home in London by members of the exiled Ethiopian community He took the throne name of Amha Selassie I His wife began also using the title of Empress A year later the emperor and empress in exile moved to McLean Virginia USA to be close to the large Ethiopian immigrant population in and around Washington D C In 1991 with the fall of the Derg and the coming to power of the EPRDF in Ethiopia Amha Selassie founded the Moa Anbessa Monarchist Movement to promote a monarchial restoration in Ethiopia and announced his intention to return to his country for a visit However following the disinterment of the remains of Emperor Haile Selassie a dispute erupted between the imperial family and the new government over the status of a funeral that was planned for the late emperor The government refused to give Haile Selassie a state funeral consequently the funeral and the return of Amha Selassie were indefinitely postponed Death editAmha Selassie died at the age of 82 on 17 January 1997 after long illnesses in the US state of Virginia 8 He had never completely recovered from the stroke he had experienced in 1972 1 8 At the time his son Zera Jakob Selassie was living on the Isle of Dogs London However when he applied for a visa so that he could preside over a funeral held in the US he was refused a visa When he applied a second time he was told never to apply again Dennis Wolf a spokesperson for the US Embassy in London explained that Zera Jakob had failed to convince the authorities that he had a residence outside the USA despite having housing in the UK 11 After this arrangements were made for Amha Selassie s body which was flown back to Ethiopia and buried in the Imperial family vaults at Holy Trinity Cathedral in Addis Ababa in a large ceremonial funeral presided over by Patriarch Abune Paulos 8 Orders decorations and honours editOrders and decorations edit Amha Selassie was awarded numerous honours including National edit nbsp Grand Cordon and Collar of the Order of Solomon 1930 nbsp Grand Cordon of the Order of the Seal of Solomon nbsp Grand Cordon of the Order of the Holy Trinity nbsp Grand Cordon of the Order of Menelik II nbsp Grand Cross and Collar of the Order of the Star of Ethiopia nbsp Distinguished Military Medal of Haile Selassie Foreign edit nbsp Grand Cordon of the Order of Leopold military division Belgium 1958 nbsp Grand Cross of the Order of the Southern Cross Brazil 4 July 1958 nbsp Order of the Elephant Denmark 15 January 1970 nbsp Collar of the Order of Muhammad Ali Egypt 1932 nbsp Collar of the Order of the Nile Egypt nbsp Grand Cross of the Order of the Black Star France 30 October 1930 nbsp Grand Cross of the Legion of Honour France 2 January 1932 nbsp Grand Cross 1st Class of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany Germany nbsp Honorary Companion of the Order of the Star of Ghana Ghana 1970 nbsp Grand Cross of the Order of the Redeemer Greece 1959 nbsp Grand Cross of the Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus Italy 1932 nbsp Order of the Chrysanthemum Japan nbsp Grand Cordon of the Order of the Rising Sun Japan nbsp Grand Cordon of the Order of the Star of Jordan Jordan 1960 nbsp Grand Cordon National Order of the Cedar Lebanon nbsp Grand Cross of the Order of the Netherlands Lion Netherlands 7 November 1953 nbsp Grand Cross of the Order of St Olav Norway 1956 nbsp Grand Cross of the Order of Polonia Restituta Poland 30 October 1930 nbsp Order of the Star of Romania 1st Class Romania 1967 nbsp Grand Cross of the Order of Isabella the Catholic Spain 27 April 1971 12 nbsp Commander Grand Cross of the Order of Vasa Sweden 9 January 1935 nbsp Knight of the Royal Order of the Seraphim Sweden 15 November 1954 nbsp Grand Cordon Special Class of the Order of the White Elephant Thailand 1970 nbsp Grand Cordon Special Class of the Order of the Crown of Thailand Thailand nbsp Honorary Knight Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and St George United Kingdom 1958 nbsp Grand Cross of the Order of Pope Pius IX Vatican 1932 Honorary military ranks edit Amha Selassie held the following military ranks citation needed National edit Field Marshal Imperial Ethiopian Army Admiral of the Fleet Imperial Ethiopian Navy Marshal Imperial Ethiopian Air ForceAncestry editAncestors of Amha Selassie16 Dejazmach Wolde Malakot Yamana Krestos8 Dejazmach Wolde Mikael Wolde Malakot17 Woizero Kalama Worq4 Ras Makonnen Walda Mika el18 Negus Sahle Selassie9 Immabet Tenagnework Sahle Selassie19 Woizero Yimegnushal Ayele2 Emperor Haile Selassie I10 Dejazmach Ali Abba Jifar5 Woizero Yeshimebet Ali22 Ato Yimeru of Gurage11 Immabet Hoy Walatta Ihata Giyorgis Yimeru23 Woizero Araza Aregai1 Amha Selassie of Ethiopia6 Dejazmach Asfaw Mikael Jantirar of Ambassel3 Itege Menen Asfaw28 Imam Ali Abba Bula14 Negus Mikael29 Woizero Getie7 Woizero Sehin Mikael30 Gabru15 Woizero Fantaye31 HirutReferences edit a b c d e Copley Gregory A Brief Biography of His Imperial Majesty Emperor Amha Selassie I Ethiopia Reaches Her Hand Unto God Archived from the original on 20 September 2020 Retrieved 21 March 2020 via The Crown Council Army Ultimatum Indicated The New York Times 16 December 1960 Retrieved 9 May 2023 a b Ethiopian Crown Prince Hears News of Succession on Radio The New York Times 13 September 1974 Retrieved 10 June 2022 a b Ethiopia s Military Government Abolishes Monarchy and Titles The New York Times 22 March 1975 Retrieved 3 February 2022 Clapham Christopher December 1968 The Ethiopian Coup d Etat of December 1960 Journal of Modern African Studies 6 4 495 507 doi 10 1017 S0022278X00017730 JSTOR 159330 Last Alex Witness History BBC Retrieved 19 October 2021 Vukotic Petar BBC Witness Interview with Asfa Wossen Asserate about the 1960 Coup Attempt Petar Vukotic Retrieved 19 October 2021 via YouTube a b c d e Orr David 2 February 1997 Funeral brings the royals back to Ethiopia The Independent Archived from the original on 2 October 2015 Retrieved 22 March 2020 Lautze Sue Raven Roberts Angela Erkine Teshome February 2009 Humanitarian governance in the new millennium an Ethiopian case study PDF Humanitarian Policy Group 12n8 Retrieved 19 October 2021 Charles Mohr 15 April 1974 Haile Selassie Designates a Grandson as Eventual Successor The New York Times Retrieved 3 February 2022 Carlin John 1997 The Emperor of E14 No 26 January 1997 Independent on Sunday Hemeroteca ABCExternal links edit nbsp Media related to Amha Selassie I at Wikimedia Commons The Crown Council of Ethiopia Amha SelassieHouse of SolomonBorn 29 July 1916 Died 17 January 1997 Titles in pretence Preceded byHaile Selassie I TITULAR Emperor of Ethiopia27 August 1975 17 January 1997Reason for succession failure Empire abolished in 1975 Succeeded byZera Yacob Amha Selassie Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Amha Selassie amp oldid 1219948193, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

article

, read, download, free, free download, mp3, video, mp4, 3gp, jpg, jpeg, gif, png, picture, music, song, movie, book, game, games.