American Colossus: The Triumph of Capitalism, 1865–1900

American Colossus: The Triumph of Capitalism, 1865–1900 is a 2010 nonfiction book written by historian H. W. Brands. Published in print and as an audiobook, the book narrates thirty-five years of the history of the United States following the American Civil War. Brands's interpretation of the period emphasizes how the expansion of capitalism and ascent of businessmen transformed the country. This "triumph of capitalism",^[1] in Brands's words, markedly improved the quality of life in the United States but threatened to subvert the egalitarian principles of democracy.

American Colossus: The Triumph
of Capitalism, 1865–1900

Paperback edition cover
Author	H. W. Brands
Audio read by	Robertson Dean
Subject	History
Published	2010
Publisher	Doubleday
Media type	Book audiobook
Pages	624
ISBN	978-0385523332

Reviewers praised the book's pace and readability. American Colossus received criticism for its dependence on secondary sources and citation of outdated works and for occasionally choppy transitions to topics less connected to the central theme. The Christian Century and Publishers Weekly considered the book's topic fitting for its time of publication. AudioFile complimented the audiobook edition's narration, provided by Robertson Dean.

Background

H. W. Brands, a professor at the University of Texas at Austin,^[2] was as of December 2006 a "prolific historian", in the words of the Boston Globe.^[3] He wrote a 2000 biography of Franklin D. Roosevelt, A Traitor to His Class, and the 2010 book American Dreams: The United States Since 1945.^[4] The June 15, 2010, edition of Library Journal reported that a new book by Brands, American Colossus: The Triumph of Capitalism, 1865–1900, was forthcoming and would be published in October of that year as a hardcover, ebook, and audiobook.^[5]

Publication

Doubleday published American Colossus: The Triumph of Capitalism, 1865–1900 on October 12, 2010.^[4] On release, it sold for $35 USD (equivalent to $42 in 2023)^[2] and for $40 CAD (equivalent to $49 in 2021).^[6] The book is 624 pages long.^[7]

The audiobook version of American Colossus, twenty-three-and-a-half hours long and narrated by Robertson Dean, was also published in 2010, and it sold for $50 (equivalent to $70 in 2023) upon release. Released as a set of nineteen CDs, Random House Audio published the trade edition of the audiobook, and Books on Tape published the library edition.^[8]

In the spring of 2012, the Civil War Book Review reported that American Colossus was available in a paperback edition. On release, it sold for $17.95 (equivalent to $24 in 2023).^[9]

Content

 

Cornelius Vanderbilt

 

J. P. Morgan

 

Andrew Carnegie

 

John D. Rockefeller

American Colossus narrates the history of the United States in the thirty-five years following the American Civil War.^[10] The book highlights the ascent of businessmen like J. P. Morgan, John D. Rockefeller, and Andrew Carnegie,^[7] interpreting the time period through the lens of the "triumph of capitalism".^[1] From the perspective of material quality of life, Brands argues that "the capitalist revolution was in many ways the best thing ever to befall the ordinary people of America", as average income per capita doubled, and average life expectancy rose.^[11] The United States became the world's largest economy^[10] and gained infrastructural advancements like the Brooklyn Bridge and the transcontinental railroad.^[12] In the southern United States, wage laborers filled the gap left behind by abolished enslaved labor.^[13]

"Democracy is based on the principle of equality: you each have one vote. You can be rich, poor, educated, ignorant, whatever—you get one vote. Capitalism is based on inequality: people bring different talents to the economic marketplace, and they walk away with different returns. What happens when these two sets of values come into conflict?"

H. W. Brands, 2011 interview^{[14]: 1:58–2:30}

Politically, Brands argues in American Colossus that capitalism and democracy were at odds.^[4] Although the United States was "the world's archetype of capitalist democracy", in Brands's words, American Colossus portrays capitalism almost destroying American democracy.^[15] In an interview about the book, Brands explained his interpretation by saying that "democracy is based on the principle of equality: you each have one vote" whereas "capitalism is based on inequality: people bring different talents to the economic marketplace, and they walk away with different returns".^{[14]: 1:58–2:30} Blue-collar workers were at a disadvantage in labor relations with business corporations, and American Colossus narrates several incidents of violence amid labor demonstrations, including the Pullman Strike and the Haymarket affair.^[10] Businessmen bribed politicians.^[1] The Supreme Court of the United States thwarted efforts to have the federal government check the power of business monopolies in the nineteenth century; anti-monopoly reform was more successful in the twentieth century,^[10] during the presidencies of Theodore Roosevelt and of Woodrow Wilson.^[12]

While narrating the rise of capitalism, American Colossus also provides a general survey of the period.^[1] Brands links capitalism to the decimation of Native Americans in the United States and the establishment of segregationist Jim Crow laws in the South.^[2] He tells the histories of westward settlement and waves of immigration.^[7]

American Colossus incorporates some firsthand accounts of the era.^[11] Mostly, it cites previously published scholarship.^[4][5]

Reception

The Virginia Quarterly Review deemed American Colossus a "briskly paced, accessible book",^[1] and Kirkus Reviews dubbed it a "briskly written pseudo-textbook aimed at readers outside university classrooms".^[4] According to the New York Times, American Colossus meets the difficulties of the period's breadth, summarizing that Brands "handles this sprawling, complicated story with authority and panache" and wrote "as close as serious history gets to a page turner".^[10] A review in the Financial Post complimented the "storytelling and mastery of detail" and called the style "simple and vivid throughout".^[12] The Library Journal assessed American Colossus as a "solid contribution for undergraduates and other readers interested in the Gilded Age".^[5]

Kirkus Reviews criticized Brands's American Colossus for "rel[ying] too heavily on previous histories and biographies, including some of his own".^[4] According to the Virginia Quarterly, student readers of American Colossus "may be frustrated, for the book is neither a sharply defined reinterpretation nor a thorough synthesis of up-to-date scholarship".^[1] The New York Times averred that American Colossus's depiction of tycoon Cornelius Vanderbilt suffers because Brands cites older works about Vanderbilt.^[10] The Waterloo Region Record's review concluded that American Colossus has "good coverage of all the historical highlights, but the book doesn't offer a particularly fresh take".^[6]

American Colossus has many "fascinating detours", in the words of Publishers Weekly.^[7] In traversing his numerous topics, Brands "does not always provide smooth transitions", Kirkus Reviews reported.^[4] According to the Virginia Quarterly Review, some of American Colossus's digressions, "while required of a textbook survey of the era, seem less fundamental here" such that "some threads are only partly woven into" the book.^[1]

"There's one really interesting, striking difference. I tell the story of how J. P. Morgan in 1895 came and personally bailed out the U. S. Treasury. There was a run on the gold in the Treasury's vault, and Morgan was the only one who could step in and keep the U. S. government from going bankrupt. Well, flash forward to 2008, and the roles reverse: it's the U. S. Treasury and the U. S. government that steps in to bail out JP Morgan and the big banks."

H. W. Brands, 2011 interview^{[14]: 7:58–8:25}

The Christian Century called American Colossus "a timely reminder" of how markets influence society.^[13] Publishers Weekly considered it a "timely study".^[7] In an interview conducted after the book was published, Brands reported that American Colossus's resonance with its time of publication surprised him, and he remarked on the difference between an American Colossus vignette in which financier J. P. Morgan bailed out the United States Department of the Treasury in 1895 compared to the then-contemporaneous Great Recession in which he said the United States government bailed out "JP Morgan and the big banks".^{[14]: 7:58–8:25}

According to AudioFile, Robertson Dean's "skills are on full display" in the audiobook edition of American Colossus. AudioFile's review praised Dean's diction, averring that maintaining it was "no small feat" because of how long the American Colossus audiobook is, and wrote that "he makes every word interesting".^[8]

The American Historical Review announced in 2012 that it received a copy of a 2011 edition of American Colossus from publisher Anchor Books. The Review did not schedule a review of the book.^[16]

Notes

1. Sholis, Brian (Fall 2010). "The Triumph of Capitalism". Virginia Quarterly Review. Vol. 86, no. 4. p. 217. JSTOR 26446874.
2. Hupp, Stephen L. (October 15, 2010). "American Colossus: The Triumph of Capitalism, 1865–1900". Library Journal. 135 (17): 90.
3. Shea, Christopher (December 24, 2006). . Critical Faculties. The Boston Globe. Archived from the original on April 7, 2022. Retrieved April 14, 2014.
4. "American Colossus: The Triumph of Capitalism, 1865–1900". Kirkus Reviews. Vol. 78, no. 15. August 1, 2010. pp. 708–709. ISSN 1948-7428 – via EBSCOHOST.
5. "H.W. Brands: American Colossus: The Triumph of Capitalism, 1865–1900". Library Journal. 135 (11): S10. June 15, 2010 – via Gale In Context: Biography.
6. Good, Alex (April 16, 2011). "In Brief… American Colossus: The Triumph of Capitalism, 1865–1900 by H. W. Brands". Books. Waterloo Region Record. p. E7.
7. "American Colossus: The Triumph of Capitalism 1865–1900". Publishers Weekly. Vol. 257, no. 32. August 16, 2010. p. 46 – via Gale Literature Resource Center.
8. Grundfest, Robert I. (January 2011). "American Colossus: The Triumph of Capitalism, 1865–1900". AudioFile. from the original on January 18, 2021.
9. Editor, Cwbr (Spring 2012). "Annotations". Civil War Book Review. 14 (2). doi:10.31390/cwbr.14.2.21. {{cite journal}}: |last1= has generic name (help)
10. Gordon, John Steele (November 19, 2010). "How Economic Brawn Transformed a Nation". The New York Times. p. C30.
11. Gapper, John (December 8, 2010). "American Colossus: The Triumph of Capitalism 1865–1900, by HW Brands". Financial Times.
12. Pressley, James (October 23, 2010). "A Big, Brash Narrative on U. S. Capitalism". FP Books: Review. Financial Post. p. FP17.
13. Kauffman, Richard; Heim, David (December 14, 2010). "American Colossus: The Triumph of Capitalism". The Christian Century. Vol. 127, no. 25. p. 24 – via Gale General Onefile.
14. Brands, H. W. (February 14, 2011). "H. W. Brands on the Rise of American Capitalism". Not Even Past (Interview). Interviewed by Joan Neuberger. Department of History at the University of Texas at Austin.
15. Reynolds, Neil (March 5, 2012). "The Caging of Capitalism". The Globe and Mail. p. A13 – via Gale Onefile: News.
16. "Other Books Received". American Historical Review. 117 (1): 316–320. February 2012. doi:10.1086/ahr.117.1.316. JSTOR 23310064.

External links

• Brands speaking about American Colossus at Grand Valley State University's Hauenstein Center for Presidential Studies
• Brands speaking about American Colossus for the Pritzker Military Museum & Library