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America's Cup

April 14, 2024

This article is about the international yachting race and trophy. For other uses, see America's Cup (disambiguation). For the most recent race, see 2021 America's Cup.

The America's Cup is a sailing competition and the oldest international competition still operating in any sport.[1][2][3] America's Cup match races are held between two sailing yachts: one from the yacht club that currently holds the trophy (known as the defender) and the other from the yacht club that is challenging for the cup (the challenger). The winner is awarded the America's Cup trophy, informally known as the Auld Mug. Matches are held several years apart on dates agreed between the defender and the challenger. There is no fixed schedule, but the races have generally been held every three to four years. The most recent America's Cup match took place in March 2021.[4]

America's Cup
The America's Cup ewer
SportSailing match race
Founded1851
Most recent
champion(s)		 Royal New Zealand Yacht Squadron (4th title)
Most titles New York Yacht Club (25 titles)
Official websiteAmericasCup.com

Any yacht club that meets the requirements specified in the deed of gift has the right to challenge the yacht club that currently holds the cup. If the challenging club wins the match, it gains stewardship of the cup. From the first defence of the cup in 1870 until the twentieth defence in 1967, there was always only one challenger. In 1970 multiple challengers applied, so a Challenger Selection Series was held to decide which applicant would become the official challenger and compete in the America's Cup match. This approach has been used for each subsequent competition.[5]

The history and prestige associated with the America's Cup attracts the world's top sailors, yacht designers, wealthy entrepreneurs and sponsors. It is a test of sailing skill, boat and sail design, and fundraising and management skills. Competing for the cup is expensive, with modern teams spending more than $US100 million each;[6] the 2013 winner was estimated to have spent $US300 million on the competition. The America's Cup is currently held by the Royal New Zealand Yacht Squadron,[7] who successfully defended the 36th America's Cup in March 2021 using an AC75 foiling monohull called Te Rehutai, owned and sailed by the Team New Zealand syndicate. The next America's Cup will be held between the defending Royal New Zealand Yacht Squadron and a challenging yacht club from 12 October 2024 in Barcelona, Spain. Both the 37th and 38th America's Cup matches will be sailed in AC75 class yachts.

History edit

Main article: History of the America's Cup

The America's Cup is the oldest competition in international sport, and the fourth oldest continuous sporting trophy of any kind.[8] The cup itself was manufactured in 1848 and first called the "RYS £100 Cup". It was first raced for on 22 August 1851 around the Isle of Wight off Southampton and Portsmouth in Hampshire, England, in a fleet race between the New York Yacht Club's America and 15 yachts of the Royal Yacht Squadron. The race was witnessed by Queen Victoria and the future Edward VII and won by America. This is considered to be the first America's Cup race.

On 8 July 1857, the surviving members of the America syndicate donated the cup to the New York Yacht Club via the Deed of Gift of the America's Cup filed with the New York Supreme Court.[9] The deed is the primary instrument that governs the rules to make a valid challenge for the America's Cup and the rules of conduct of the races. It states that the cup "is donated upon the condition that it shall be preserved as a perpetual challenge Cup for friendly competition between foreign countries", outlines how a foreign yacht club can make a challenge to the holder of the cup and what happens if they do not agree on how the match should be conducted. The deed makes it "distinctly understood that the cup is to be the property of the club [that has most recently won a match for the cup], subject to the provisions of this deed, and not the property of the owner or owners of any vessel winning a match".

The trophy was held by the NYYC from 1857 until 1983. The NYYC successfully defended the trophy twenty-four times in a row before being defeated by the Royal Perth Yacht Club, represented by the yacht Australia II. Including the original 1851 victory, the NYYC's 132-year reign was the longest (in terms of time) winning streak in any sport.[10]

Early matches for the cup were raced between yachts 65–90 ft (20–27 m) on the waterline owned by wealthy sportsmen. This culminated with the J-Class regattas of the 1930s. After World War II and almost twenty years without a challenge, the NYYC made changes to the deed of gift to allow smaller, less expensive 12-metre class yachts to compete; this class was used from 1958 until 1987. It was replaced in 1990 by the International America's Cup Class, which was used until 2007.

After a long legal battle, the 2010 America's Cup was raced in 90 ft (27 m) waterline multihull yachts in Valencia, Spain. The victorious Golden Gate Yacht Club then elected to race the 2013 America's Cup in AC72 foiling, wing-sail catamarans and successfully defended the cup. The 2017 America's Cup match was sailed in 50 ft (15 m) foiling catamarans,[11] after legal battles and disputes over the rule changes.[12]

The America's Cup trophy edit

The Cup, also known as the Auld Mug, is an ornate sterling silver bottomless ewer crafted in 1848 by Garrard & Co.[13] Henry William Paget, 1st Marquess of Anglesey bought one and donated it for the Royal Yacht Squadron's 1851 Annual Regatta around the Isle of Wight.

The cup was originally known as the 'R.Y.S. £100 Cup', awarded in 1851 by the British Royal Yacht Squadron for a race around the Isle of Wight in the United Kingdom. The winning yacht was a schooner called America, owned by a syndicate of members from the New York Yacht Club (NYYC). In 1857, the syndicate permanently donated the trophy to the NYYC, under a Deed of Gift that renamed the trophy as the 'America's Cup' after the first winner and required it be made available for perpetual international competition.

It was originally known as the "R.Y.S. £100 Cup", standing for a cup of a hundred GB Pounds or "sovereigns" in value. The cup was subsequently mistakenly engraved[14] as the "100 Guinea Cup" by the America syndicate, but was also referred to as the "Queen's Cup" (a guinea is an old monetary unit of one pound and one shilling, now £1.05). Today, the trophy is officially known as the "America's Cup" after the 1851 winning yacht, and is affectionately called the "Auld Mug" by the sailing community. It is inscribed with names of the yachts that competed for it,[14] and has been modified twice by adding matching bases to accommodate more names.

Rules for issuing challenge edit

All challenges for the America's Cup are made under the Deed of Gift of the America's Cup, which outlines who can challenge for the cup, and what information a challenge must provide to the defender. The deed then allows for most of the arrangements for the match to be made by negotiation and mutual consent, but provides a backstop in the event agreement is not reached. The first valid challenge that is made must be accepted by the defender or it must forfeit the cup to that valid challenger or negotiate other terms.[15]

To be eligible, a challenging club must be "an organized yacht Club" of a country other than the defender, which is "incorporated, patented, or licensed by the legislature, admiralty or other executive department". The club must hold an "annual regatta [on] an ocean water course on the sea, or on an arm of the sea, or one which combines both".[16] The New York Supreme Court and the New York Court of Appeals have held that this means the challenging club must in fact "have held at least one qualifying annual regatta before it submits its Notice of Challenge to a Defender and demonstrate that it will continue to have qualifying annual regattas on an ongoing basis" and not merely intend to hold its first annual regatta before the envisaged America's Cup match.[17] The New York Supreme Court has also found that the Great Lakes between the United States and Canada are arms of the sea, allowing clubs with regattas on those lakes to be challengers.[18]

The challenge document must give dates for the proposed races, which must be no less than 10 months from the date the challenge is made, and within date ranges specified for both the northern and southern hemispheres. The challenge document must also provide information on the yacht, including length on load water line; beam at load water line, and extreme beam; and draught of water. If the yacht has one mast, it must be between 44 and 90 feet on the load water line. If it has more than one mast, it must be between 80 and 115 feet on the load water line. These dimensions may not be exceeded by either challenger or defender. The yachts must be propelled by sails only and be constructed in the country to which the challenging and defending clubs belong. Centreboard or sliding keel vessels are allowed with no restrictions nor limitations, and neither the centre-board nor sliding keel is considered a part of the vessel for any purposes of measurement.[19] As long as these rules are met, the New York Court of Appeals has ruled that defender may use a boat of a different category to the challenger, such as meeting a challenge in a monohull with a catamaran.[20]

Under the deed, the defender and challenger "may by mutual consent make any arrangement satisfactory to both as to the dates, courses, number of trials, rules and sailing regulations, and any and all other conditions of the match, in which case also the ten months' notice may be waived".[16] Since 1958, the practice has usually been for the defender and challenger to agree that the challenger shall be a Challenger of Record, which then arranges a Challenger Series involving a number of other yacht clubs from countries other than that of the defender.[21] The yacht that wins the Challenger Series wins the Herbert Pell Cup and also an associated sponsored cup such as the Prada Cup in 2021 or the Louis Vuitton Cup between 1983 and 2017 and in 2024.

However, if the challenger and defender cannot agree, the deed provides a backstop, requiring a first-to-two match on ocean courses defined in the deed, at a venue selected by the defender, under its rules and sailing regulations so far as they do not conflict with the provisions of the deed, on the dates submitted by the challenger and in yachts meeting the terms of the deed and the challenge notice.[16]

Challengers and defenders edit

Main article: List of America's Cup challengers and defenders
Challengers and defenders
Rule Year Venue Defending club Defender Score Challenger Challenging club
Fleet racing 1851 Isle of Wight   Royal Yacht Squadron 8 cutters and 7 schooners, runner-up Aurora 0–1 John Cox Stevens syndicate, America   New York Yacht Club
1870 New York City   New York Yacht Club 17 schooners, winner Franklin Osgood's Magic 1–0 James Lloyd Ashbury, Cambria   Royal Thames Yacht Club
Schooner
match 		1871 New York City   New York Yacht Club Franklin Osgood, Columbia (2–1) and
William Proctor Douglas, Sappho (2–0) 		4–1 James Lloyd Ashbury, Livonia   Royal Harwich Yacht Club
1876 New York City   New York Yacht Club John Stiles Dickerson, Madeleine 2–0 Charles Gifford, Countess of Dufferin   Royal Canadian Yacht Club
65 ft sloop 1881 New York City   New York Yacht Club Joseph Richard Busk, Mischief 2–0 Alexander Cuthbert, Atalanta   Bay of Quinte Yacht Club
NYYC 85ft 1885 New York City   New York Yacht Club John Malcolm Forbes syndicate, Puritan 2–0 Sir Richard Sutton, Genesta   Royal Yacht Squadron
1886 New York City   New York Yacht Club Charles Jackson Paine, Mayflower 2–0 Lt. & Mrs. William Henn, Galatea   Royal Northern Yacht Club
1887 New York City   New York Yacht Club Charles Jackson Paine, Volunteer 2–0 James Bell syndicate, Thistle   Royal Clyde Yacht Club
SCYC 85ft 1893 New York City   New York Yacht Club Charles Oliver Iselin syndicate, Vigilant 3–0 Earl of Dunraven, Valkyrie II   Royal Yacht Squadron
SCYC 90ft 1895 New York City   New York Yacht Club William K. Vanderbilt syndicate, Defender 3–0 Earl of Dunraven syndicate, Valkyrie III   Royal Yacht Squadron
1899 New York City   New York Yacht Club J. Pierpont Morgan syndicate, Columbia 3–0 Sir Thomas Lipton, Shamrock   Royal Ulster Yacht Club
1901 New York City   New York Yacht Club J. Pierpont Morgan syndicate, Columbia 3–0 Sir Thomas Lipton, Shamrock II   Royal Ulster Yacht Club
1903 New York City   New York Yacht Club Cornelius Vanderbilt III syndicate, Reliance 3–0 Sir Thomas Lipton, Shamrock III   Royal Ulster Yacht Club
Universal 75 ft 1920 New York City   New York Yacht Club Henry Walters syndicate, Resolute 3–2 Sir Thomas Lipton, Shamrock IV   Royal Ulster Yacht Club
Universal
J-Class 		1930 Newport   New York Yacht Club Harold S. Vanderbilt syndicate, Enterprise 4–0 Sir Thomas Lipton, Shamrock V   Royal Ulster Yacht Club
1934 Newport   New York Yacht Club Harold S. Vanderbilt syndicate, Rainbow 4–2 Sir Thomas Sopwith, Endeavour   Royal Yacht Squadron
1937 Newport   New York Yacht Club Harold S. Vanderbilt, Ranger 4–0 Sir Thomas Sopwith, Endeavour II   Royal Yacht Squadron
IYRU 12mR 1958 Newport   New York Yacht Club Henry Sears, Columbia 4–0 Hugh Goodson syndicate, Sceptre   Royal Yacht Squadron
1962 Newport   New York Yacht Club Mercer, Walsh, Frese syndicate, Weatherly 4–1 Sir Frank Packer, Gretel   Royal Sydney Yacht Squadron
1964 Newport   New York Yacht Club Eric Ridder syndicate, Constellation 4–0 Anthony Boyden, Sovereign   Royal Thames Yacht Club
1967 Newport   New York Yacht Club William Justice Strawbridge syndicate, Intrepid 4–0 Emil Christensen, Dame Pattie   Royal Sydney Yacht Squadron
1970 Newport   New York Yacht Club William Justice Strawbridge syndicate, Intrepid 4–1 Sir Frank Packer, Gretel II   Royal Sydney Yacht Squadron
1974 Newport   New York Yacht Club Robert Willis McCullough syndicate, Courageous 4–0 Alan Bond, Southern Cross   Royal Perth Yacht Club
1977 Newport   New York Yacht Club Ted Turner, Courageous 4–0 Alan Bond, Australia   Sun City Yacht Club
1980 Newport   New York Yacht Club Freedom syndicate, Freedom 4–1 Alan Bond, Australia   Royal Perth Yacht Club
1983 Newport   New York Yacht Club Freedom syndicate, Liberty 3–4 Alan Bond, Australia II   Royal Perth Yacht Club
1987 Fremantle   Royal Perth Yacht Club Kevin Parry, Kookaburra III 0–4 Sail America, Stars & Stripes 87   San Diego Yacht Club
DOG match 1988 San Diego   San Diego Yacht Club Sail America, Stars & Stripes 88 2–0 Fay Richwhite, KZ-1 New Zealand   Mercury Bay Boating Club
IACC 1992 San Diego   San Diego Yacht Club Bill Koch, America3 4–1 Raul Gardini, Il Moro di Venezia   Compagnia della Vela
1995 San Diego   San Diego Yacht Club Sail America, Young America 0–5 Team New Zealand, Black Magic   Royal New Zealand Yacht Squadron
2000 Auckland   Royal New Zealand Yacht Squadron Team New Zealand, NZL-60 5–0 Prada Challenge, Luna Rossa   Yacht Club Punta Ala
2003 Auckland   Royal New Zealand Yacht Squadron Team New Zealand, NZL 82 0–5 Alinghi, SUI-64   Société Nautique de Genève
2007 Valencia   Société Nautique de Genève Alinghi, SUI-100 5–2 Team New Zealand, NZL-92   Royal New Zealand Yacht Squadron
DOG match 2010 Valencia   Société Nautique de Genève Alinghi, Alinghi 5 0–2 BMW Oracle Racing, USA-17   Golden Gate Yacht Club
AC72 2013 San Francisco   Golden Gate Yacht Club Oracle Team USA, Oracle Team USA 17 9–8[a] Team New Zealand, Aotearoa   Royal New Zealand Yacht Squadron
AC50 2017 Bermuda   Golden Gate Yacht Club Oracle Team USA, 17 1–7[b] Team New Zealand, Aotearoa[24]   Royal New Zealand Yacht Squadron
AC75 2021 Auckland   Royal New Zealand Yacht Squadron Emirates Team New Zealand, Te Rehutai 7–3 Luna Rossa Prada Pirelli, Luna Rossa   Circolo della Vela Sicilia
2024 Barcelona   Royal New Zealand Yacht Squadron Emirates Team New Zealand, tba - Winner of 2024 Challenger Selection Series, tba Winner of 2024 Challenger Selection Series, tba
  1. ^ Oracle Team USA, representing the Golden Gate Yacht Club, started the 2013 first-to-win-nine-races match with a two-race deficit due to a penalty applied for modifications to the team's AC45-class yachts during the America's Cup World Series (ACWS). The modifications were held to be an intentional violation of the AC45 one-design rules, and as the ACWS was deemed to be a part of the America's Cup event, a penalty was assessed against Oracle Team USA in the America's Cup Match.[22][23]
  2. ^ Team New Zealand started the match on -1, due to Oracle's victory in the Qualifier round robins

Records of winning clubs and skippers edit

Main article: List of yacht clubs that have competed for the America's Cup

Winning clubs

  New York Yacht Club: 25–1
  Royal New Zealand Yacht Squadron: 4–3
  San Diego Yacht Club: 3–1
  Société Nautique de Genève: 2–1
  Golden Gate Yacht Club: 2–1
  Royal Perth Yacht Club: 1–3

Multiple winning skippers

  Russell Coutts – Wins 1995, 2000, 2003 – Won 14 / Lost 0
  Dennis Conner – Wins 1980, 1987, 1988 – Won 13 / Lost 5
  Harold Stirling Vanderbilt – Wins 1930, 1934, 1937 – Won 12 / Lost 2
  Charlie Barr – Wins 1899, 1901, 1903 – Won 9 / Lost 0
  Jimmy Spithill – Wins 2010, 2013 – Won 17 / Lost 23

Reference[25][26]

In popular culture edit

In 1928, Goodyear chairman Paul W. Litchfield began a tradition of naming the company's blimps after America's Cup yachts, including America, Puritan, Mayflower, Volunteer, Vigilant, Defender, Reliance, Resolute, Enterprise, Rainbow, Ranger, Columbia and Stars & Stripes.[27]

The 1988 parody film Return of the Killer Tomatoes included background TV coverage of "Full Contact America's Cup" yacht racing.

The 1992 film Wind is largely about the America's Cup racing towards the end of the 12-meter era. Although the names have been changed, it is largely about Dennis Conner's 1980s loss and comeback.[28][29]

The documentary The Wind Gods: 33rd America's Cup (2011) centres around Oracle Team USA's efforts to challenge for the 33rd America's Cup.[30][31] David Ellison collaborated with American journalist Julian Guthrie on the film; Guthrie later authored The Billionaire and the Mechanic, a non-fiction book detailing the history of Oracle Team USA.

In 2021, Australian psychedelic rock band Pond released a single titled America's Cup.[32] The song centres around the gentrification of Western Australia and Fremantle, the host city of the 1987 America's Cup, after Australia's victory of the 1983 America's Cup with the yacht Australia II.[33] The music video prominently features the America's Cup trophy being 'auctioned' off to the highest bidder.[34][35]

In 2022, Netflix released Untold: The Race of the Century, a film about the Australian team's win in the 1983 race.[36]

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ "A Brief History of the America's Cup". America's Cup Event Authority LLC. from the original on 7 February 2021. Retrieved 14 March 2021.
  2. ^ "America's Cup". Encyclopædia Britannica. from the original on 31 March 2017. Retrieved 26 March 2017.
  3. ^ . Sir Peter Blake Trust. 2 August 2014. Archived from the original on 11 December 2015.
  4. ^ . Royal New Zealand Yacht Squadron. Archived from the original on 25 July 2017. Retrieved 27 July 2017.
  5. ^ "America's Cup: The rising cost of sailing's ultimate prize". Boat International. from the original on 4 July 2021. Retrieved 5 September 2019.
  6. ^ Newton, Casey (3 September 2013). "Billionaire death race: inside America's Cup and the world's most dangerous sailboat". The Verge. from the original on 11 July 2017. Retrieved 5 September 2019.
  7. ^ Das, Andrew (17 March 2021). "Team New Zealand Beats Luna Rossa to Win America's Cup". The New York Times. from the original on 17 March 2021. Retrieved 17 March 2021.
  8. ^ "10 Oldest Sports Trophies in the World". 7 January 2019.
  9. ^ Schuyler, George Lee. "Deed of Gift[1]" – via Wikisource.
  10. ^ John Rousmaniere (1983). The America's Cup 1851–1983. Pelham Books. ISBN 978-0-7207-1503-3.
  11. ^ BBC Staff Reporters (2 April 2015). "America's Cup: Sir Ben Ainslie backs move to smaller boats". BBC, London. from the original on 3 April 2015. Retrieved 3 April 2015.
  12. ^ "America's Cup boat size row escalates as teams close ranks after Luna Rossa exit", The Guardian, 3 April 2015. 14 April 2016 at the Wayback Machine.
  13. ^ . americascup.com. 5 December 2005. Archived from the original on 3 March 2012. Retrieved 5 May 2012.
  14. ^ a b Thomas W. Lawson (1902). "List of Inscriptions on the America's Cup". The Lawson History of the America's Cup. Winfield M. Thompson Press. pp. 374–375. ISBN 978-0-907069-40-9. Retrieved 5 May 2012.
  15. ^ "The America's Cup Controversy : America's Cup Chronology". Los Angeles Times. 29 March 1989.
  16. ^ a b c "Deed of Gift[1]".
  17. ^ "FindLaw's Court of Appeals of New York case and opinions". Findlaw. Retrieved 21 March 2023.
  18. ^ "Chicago's Salts Covet America's Cup – The Washington Post". The Washington Post.
  19. ^ Schuyler, George Lee. "Deed of Gift[1]". Retrieved 21 March 2023 – via Wikisource.
  20. ^ "The Mercury Bay Boating Club Inc., Appellant, V. San Diego Yacht Club, Respondent, Et Al., Defendant, New York Yacht Club, Intervenor. / (And Another Proceeding.)".
  21. ^ "Explaining the Challenger of Record Concept >> Scuttlebutt Sailing News". 30 July 2014.
  22. ^ , Yahoo Sports, archived from the original on 6 September 2013
  23. ^ "Team Oracle USA penalized as cheating scandal rocks Americas cup", The Australian, from the original on 5 September 2013, retrieved 27 September 2013
  24. ^ France, Marvin (27 June 2017). "America's Cup: Team New Zealand beat Oracle to reclaim Auld Mug in Bermuda". Stuff. from the original on 3 April 2019. Retrieved 26 June 2017.
  25. ^ "Who is the greatest America's Cup skipper of all time? >> Scuttlebutt Sailing News". Scuttlebutt Sailing News. 16 June 2017. from the original on 24 September 2019. Retrieved 18 October 2019.
  26. ^ "Most America's Cup Individual appearances". Guinness World Records. from the original on 25 September 2019. Retrieved 18 October 2019.
  27. ^ "Goodyear Announces Winner of Nationwide Contest to Name Newest Blimp". PR Newswire Association LLC. 21 June 2006. from the original on 13 July 2012. Retrieved 17 June 2011.
  28. ^ "Wind (1992)". IMDB. from the original on 9 May 2021. Retrieved 31 May 2021.
  29. ^ Kempley, Rita. "'Wind' (PG-13)". Washington Post. from the original on 4 October 2020. Retrieved 31 May 2021.
  30. ^ "The Wind Gods (2013)". IMDB. from the original on 2 March 2021. Retrieved 31 May 2021.
  31. ^ Southall, James (5 January 2016). "The Wind Gods". Movie Wave. from the original on 2 June 2021. Retrieved 31 May 2021.
  32. ^ Newstead, Al (20 May 2021). "POND announce new album with anti-gentrification boogie 'America's Cup'". ABC. from the original on 20 May 2021. Retrieved 31 May 2021.
  33. ^ Martin, Josh (20 May 2021). "Pond announce new album '9', share single 'America's Cup'". NME. from the original on 2 June 2021. Retrieved 31 May 2021.
  34. ^ Pappis, Konstantinos (20 May 2021). "POND Announce New Album, Release New Song 'America's Cup'". Our Culture. from the original on 2 June 2021. Retrieved 31 May 2021.
  35. ^ "POND - America's Cup (Official Video)". YouTube. from the original on 28 May 2021. Retrieved 31 May 2021.
  36. ^ "Watch Untold: The Race of the Century | Netflix Official Site". Netflix.

Sources edit

  • America's Cup Yacht Designs 1851–1986. François Chevalier & Jacques Taglang. 1987. ISBN 978-2-9502105-0-0.

External links edit

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to America's Cup.
 
Wikisource has original text related to this article:
America's Cup Deed of Gift with amendments and interpretive resolutions
  • Official website
  • . Herreshoff Marine Museum. Archived from the original on 8 October 2014. Retrieved 24 May 2009.
  • "America's Cup news". CupInfo.com.
  • "Books about the America's Cup – a list of over 800 titles".
  • Heckstall-Smith, Brooke (1911). "Yachting § The America's Cup." . Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.).
  • . 2007AC.com – Discussion forums for all America's Cup events, past, present and future. Archived from the original on 3 November 2013.
  • 8 March 1985, Preparations are already underway for the next America's Cup challenge in Australia, itnsource.com

April 14, 2024
america, this, article, about, international, yachting, race, trophy, other, uses, disambiguation, most, recent, race, 2021, sailing, competition, oldest, international, competition, still, operating, sport, match, races, held, between, sailing, yachts, from, . This article is about the international yachting race and trophy For other uses see America s Cup disambiguation For the most recent race see 2021 America s Cup The America s Cup is a sailing competition and the oldest international competition still operating in any sport 1 2 3 America s Cup match races are held between two sailing yachts one from the yacht club that currently holds the trophy known as the defender and the other from the yacht club that is challenging for the cup the challenger The winner is awarded the America s Cup trophy informally known as the Auld Mug Matches are held several years apart on dates agreed between the defender and the challenger There is no fixed schedule but the races have generally been held every three to four years The most recent America s Cup match took place in March 2021 4 America s CupThe America s Cup ewerSportSailing match raceFounded1851Most recentchampion s Royal New Zealand Yacht Squadron 4th title Most titles New York Yacht Club 25 titles Official websiteAmericasCup comAny yacht club that meets the requirements specified in the deed of gift has the right to challenge the yacht club that currently holds the cup If the challenging club wins the match it gains stewardship of the cup From the first defence of the cup in 1870 until the twentieth defence in 1967 there was always only one challenger In 1970 multiple challengers applied so a Challenger Selection Series was held to decide which applicant would become the official challenger and compete in the America s Cup match This approach has been used for each subsequent competition 5 The history and prestige associated with the America s Cup attracts the world s top sailors yacht designers wealthy entrepreneurs and sponsors It is a test of sailing skill boat and sail design and fundraising and management skills Competing for the cup is expensive with modern teams spending more than US100 million each 6 the 2013 winner was estimated to have spent US300 million on the competition The America s Cup is currently held by the Royal New Zealand Yacht Squadron 7 who successfully defended the 36th America s Cup in March 2021 using an AC75 foiling monohull called Te Rehutai owned and sailed by the Team New Zealand syndicate The next America s Cup will be held between the defending Royal New Zealand Yacht Squadron and a challenging yacht club from 12 October 2024 in Barcelona Spain Both the 37th and 38th America s Cup matches will be sailed in AC75 class yachts Contents 1 History 2 The America s Cup trophy 3 Rules for issuing challenge 4 Challengers and defenders 5 Records of winning clubs and skippers 6 In popular culture 7 See also 8 References 8 1 Sources 9 External linksHistory editMain article History of the America s Cup The America s Cup is the oldest competition in international sport and the fourth oldest continuous sporting trophy of any kind 8 The cup itself was manufactured in 1848 and first called the RYS 100 Cup It was first raced for on 22 August 1851 around the Isle of Wight off Southampton and Portsmouth in Hampshire England in a fleet race between the New York Yacht Club s America and 15 yachts of the Royal Yacht Squadron The race was witnessed by Queen Victoria and the future Edward VII and won by America This is considered to be the first America s Cup race On 8 July 1857 the surviving members of the America syndicate donated the cup to the New York Yacht Club via the Deed of Gift of the America s Cup filed with the New York Supreme Court 9 The deed is the primary instrument that governs the rules to make a valid challenge for the America s Cup and the rules of conduct of the races It states that the cup is donated upon the condition that it shall be preserved as a perpetual challenge Cup for friendly competition between foreign countries outlines how a foreign yacht club can make a challenge to the holder of the cup and what happens if they do not agree on how the match should be conducted The deed makes it distinctly understood that the cup is to be the property of the club that has most recently won a match for the cup subject to the provisions of this deed and not the property of the owner or owners of any vessel winning a match The trophy was held by the NYYC from 1857 until 1983 The NYYC successfully defended the trophy twenty four times in a row before being defeated by the Royal Perth Yacht Club represented by the yacht Australia II Including the original 1851 victory the NYYC s 132 year reign was the longest in terms of time winning streak in any sport 10 Early matches for the cup were raced between yachts 65 90 ft 20 27 m on the waterline owned by wealthy sportsmen This culminated with the J Class regattas of the 1930s After World War II and almost twenty years without a challenge the NYYC made changes to the deed of gift to allow smaller less expensive 12 metre class yachts to compete this class was used from 1958 until 1987 It was replaced in 1990 by the International America s Cup Class which was used until 2007 After a long legal battle the 2010 America s Cup was raced in 90 ft 27 m waterline multihull yachts in Valencia Spain The victorious Golden Gate Yacht Club then elected to race the 2013 America s Cup in AC72 foiling wing sail catamarans and successfully defended the cup The 2017 America s Cup match was sailed in 50 ft 15 m foiling catamarans 11 after legal battles and disputes over the rule changes 12 The America s Cup trophy editThe Cup also known as the Auld Mug is an ornate sterling silver bottomless ewer crafted in 1848 by Garrard amp Co 13 Henry William Paget 1st Marquess of Anglesey bought one and donated it for the Royal Yacht Squadron s 1851 Annual Regatta around the Isle of Wight The cup was originally known as the R Y S 100 Cup awarded in 1851 by the British Royal Yacht Squadron for a race around the Isle of Wight in the United Kingdom The winning yacht was a schooner called America owned by a syndicate of members from the New York Yacht Club NYYC In 1857 the syndicate permanently donated the trophy to the NYYC under a Deed of Gift that renamed the trophy as the America s Cup after the first winner and required it be made available for perpetual international competition It was originally known as the R Y S 100 Cup standing for a cup of a hundred GB Pounds or sovereigns in value The cup was subsequently mistakenly engraved 14 as the 100 Guinea Cup by the America syndicate but was also referred to as the Queen s Cup a guinea is an old monetary unit of one pound and one shilling now 1 05 Today the trophy is officially known as the America s Cup after the 1851 winning yacht and is affectionately called the Auld Mug by the sailing community It is inscribed with names of the yachts that competed for it 14 and has been modified twice by adding matching bases to accommodate more names Rules for issuing challenge editAll challenges for the America s Cup are made under the Deed of Gift of the America s Cup which outlines who can challenge for the cup and what information a challenge must provide to the defender The deed then allows for most of the arrangements for the match to be made by negotiation and mutual consent but provides a backstop in the event agreement is not reached The first valid challenge that is made must be accepted by the defender or it must forfeit the cup to that valid challenger or negotiate other terms 15 To be eligible a challenging club must be an organized yacht Club of a country other than the defender which is incorporated patented or licensed by the legislature admiralty or other executive department The club must hold an annual regatta on an ocean water course on the sea or on an arm of the sea or one which combines both 16 The New York Supreme Court and the New York Court of Appeals have held that this means the challenging club must in fact have held at least one qualifying annual regatta before it submits its Notice of Challenge to a Defender and demonstrate that it will continue to have qualifying annual regattas on an ongoing basis and not merely intend to hold its first annual regatta before the envisaged America s Cup match 17 The New York Supreme Court has also found that the Great Lakes between the United States and Canada are arms of the sea allowing clubs with regattas on those lakes to be challengers 18 The challenge document must give dates for the proposed races which must be no less than 10 months from the date the challenge is made and within date ranges specified for both the northern and southern hemispheres The challenge document must also provide information on the yacht including length on load water line beam at load water line and extreme beam and draught of water If the yacht has one mast it must be between 44 and 90 feet on the load water line If it has more than one mast it must be between 80 and 115 feet on the load water line These dimensions may not be exceeded by either challenger or defender The yachts must be propelled by sails only and be constructed in the country to which the challenging and defending clubs belong Centreboard or sliding keel vessels are allowed with no restrictions nor limitations and neither the centre board nor sliding keel is considered a part of the vessel for any purposes of measurement 19 As long as these rules are met the New York Court of Appeals has ruled that defender may use a boat of a different category to the challenger such as meeting a challenge in a monohull with a catamaran 20 Under the deed the defender and challenger may by mutual consent make any arrangement satisfactory to both as to the dates courses number of trials rules and sailing regulations and any and all other conditions of the match in which case also the ten months notice may be waived 16 Since 1958 the practice has usually been for the defender and challenger to agree that the challenger shall be a Challenger of Record which then arranges a Challenger Series involving a number of other yacht clubs from countries other than that of the defender 21 The yacht that wins the Challenger Series wins the Herbert Pell Cup and also an associated sponsored cup such as the Prada Cup in 2021 or the Louis Vuitton Cup between 1983 and 2017 and in 2024 However if the challenger and defender cannot agree the deed provides a backstop requiring a first to two match on ocean courses defined in the deed at a venue selected by the defender under its rules and sailing regulations so far as they do not conflict with the provisions of the deed on the dates submitted by the challenger and in yachts meeting the terms of the deed and the challenge notice 16 Challengers and defenders editMain article List of America s Cup challengers and defenders Challengers and defenders Rule Year Venue Defending club Defender Score Challenger Challenging clubFleet racing 1851 Isle of Wight nbsp Royal Yacht Squadron 8 cutters and 7 schooners runner up Aurora 0 1 John Cox Stevens syndicate America nbsp New York Yacht Club1870 New York City nbsp New York Yacht Club 17 schooners winner Franklin Osgood s Magic 1 0 James Lloyd Ashbury Cambria nbsp Royal Thames Yacht ClubSchoonermatch 1871 New York City nbsp New York Yacht Club Franklin Osgood Columbia 2 1 andWilliam Proctor Douglas Sappho 2 0 4 1 James Lloyd Ashbury Livonia nbsp Royal Harwich Yacht Club1876 New York City nbsp New York Yacht Club John Stiles Dickerson Madeleine 2 0 Charles Gifford Countess of Dufferin nbsp Royal Canadian Yacht Club65 ft sloop 1881 New York City nbsp New York Yacht Club Joseph Richard Busk Mischief 2 0 Alexander Cuthbert Atalanta nbsp Bay of Quinte Yacht ClubNYYC 85ft 1885 New York City nbsp New York Yacht Club John Malcolm Forbes syndicate Puritan 2 0 Sir Richard Sutton Genesta nbsp Royal Yacht Squadron1886 New York City nbsp New York Yacht Club Charles Jackson Paine Mayflower 2 0 Lt amp Mrs William Henn Galatea nbsp Royal Northern Yacht Club1887 New York City nbsp New York Yacht Club Charles Jackson Paine Volunteer 2 0 James Bell syndicate Thistle nbsp Royal Clyde Yacht ClubSCYC 85ft 1893 New York City nbsp New York Yacht Club Charles Oliver Iselin syndicate Vigilant 3 0 Earl of Dunraven Valkyrie II nbsp Royal Yacht SquadronSCYC 90ft 1895 New York City nbsp New York Yacht Club William K Vanderbilt syndicate Defender 3 0 Earl of Dunraven syndicate Valkyrie III nbsp Royal Yacht Squadron1899 New York City nbsp New York Yacht Club J Pierpont Morgan syndicate Columbia 3 0 Sir Thomas Lipton Shamrock nbsp Royal Ulster Yacht Club1901 New York City nbsp New York Yacht Club J Pierpont Morgan syndicate Columbia 3 0 Sir Thomas Lipton Shamrock II nbsp Royal Ulster Yacht Club1903 New York City nbsp New York Yacht Club Cornelius Vanderbilt III syndicate Reliance 3 0 Sir Thomas Lipton Shamrock III nbsp Royal Ulster Yacht ClubUniversal 75 ft 1920 New York City nbsp New York Yacht Club Henry Walters syndicate Resolute 3 2 Sir Thomas Lipton Shamrock IV nbsp Royal Ulster Yacht ClubUniversalJ Class 1930 Newport nbsp New York Yacht Club Harold S Vanderbilt syndicate Enterprise 4 0 Sir Thomas Lipton Shamrock V nbsp Royal Ulster Yacht Club1934 Newport nbsp New York Yacht Club Harold S Vanderbilt syndicate Rainbow 4 2 Sir Thomas Sopwith Endeavour nbsp Royal Yacht Squadron1937 Newport nbsp New York Yacht Club Harold S Vanderbilt Ranger 4 0 Sir Thomas Sopwith Endeavour II nbsp Royal Yacht SquadronIYRU 12mR 1958 Newport nbsp New York Yacht Club Henry Sears Columbia 4 0 Hugh Goodson syndicate Sceptre nbsp Royal Yacht Squadron1962 Newport nbsp New York Yacht Club Mercer Walsh Frese syndicate Weatherly 4 1 Sir Frank Packer Gretel nbsp Royal Sydney Yacht Squadron1964 Newport nbsp New York Yacht Club Eric Ridder syndicate Constellation 4 0 Anthony Boyden Sovereign nbsp Royal Thames Yacht Club1967 Newport nbsp New York Yacht Club William Justice Strawbridge syndicate Intrepid 4 0 Emil Christensen Dame Pattie nbsp Royal Sydney Yacht Squadron1970 Newport nbsp New York Yacht Club William Justice Strawbridge syndicate Intrepid 4 1 Sir Frank Packer Gretel II nbsp Royal Sydney Yacht Squadron1974 Newport nbsp New York Yacht Club Robert Willis McCullough syndicate Courageous 4 0 Alan Bond Southern Cross nbsp Royal Perth Yacht Club1977 Newport nbsp New York Yacht Club Ted Turner Courageous 4 0 Alan Bond Australia nbsp Sun City Yacht Club1980 Newport nbsp New York Yacht Club Freedom syndicate Freedom 4 1 Alan Bond Australia nbsp Royal Perth Yacht Club1983 Newport nbsp New York Yacht Club Freedom syndicate Liberty 3 4 Alan Bond Australia II nbsp Royal Perth Yacht Club1987 Fremantle nbsp Royal Perth Yacht Club Kevin Parry Kookaburra III 0 4 Sail America Stars amp Stripes 87 nbsp San Diego Yacht ClubDOG match 1988 San Diego nbsp San Diego Yacht Club Sail America Stars amp Stripes 88 2 0 Fay Richwhite KZ 1 New Zealand nbsp Mercury Bay Boating ClubIACC 1992 San Diego nbsp San Diego Yacht Club Bill Koch America3 4 1 Raul Gardini Il Moro di Venezia nbsp Compagnia della Vela1995 San Diego nbsp San Diego Yacht Club Sail America Young America 0 5 Team New Zealand Black Magic nbsp Royal New Zealand Yacht Squadron2000 Auckland nbsp Royal New Zealand Yacht Squadron Team New Zealand NZL 60 5 0 Prada Challenge Luna Rossa nbsp Yacht Club Punta Ala2003 Auckland nbsp Royal New Zealand Yacht Squadron Team New Zealand NZL 82 0 5 Alinghi SUI 64 nbsp Societe Nautique de Geneve2007 Valencia nbsp Societe Nautique de Geneve Alinghi SUI 100 5 2 Team New Zealand NZL 92 nbsp Royal New Zealand Yacht SquadronDOG match 2010 Valencia nbsp Societe Nautique de Geneve Alinghi Alinghi 5 0 2 BMW Oracle Racing USA 17 nbsp Golden Gate Yacht ClubAC72 2013 San Francisco nbsp Golden Gate Yacht Club Oracle Team USA Oracle Team USA 17 9 8 a Team New Zealand Aotearoa nbsp Royal New Zealand Yacht SquadronAC50 2017 Bermuda nbsp Golden Gate Yacht Club Oracle Team USA 17 1 7 b Team New Zealand Aotearoa 24 nbsp Royal New Zealand Yacht SquadronAC75 2021 Auckland nbsp Royal New Zealand Yacht Squadron Emirates Team New Zealand Te Rehutai 7 3 Luna Rossa Prada Pirelli Luna Rossa nbsp Circolo della Vela Sicilia2024 Barcelona nbsp Royal New Zealand Yacht Squadron Emirates Team New Zealand tba Winner of 2024 Challenger Selection Series tba Winner of 2024 Challenger Selection Series tba Oracle Team USA representing the Golden Gate Yacht Club started the 2013 first to win nine races match with a two race deficit due to a penalty applied for modifications to the team s AC45 class yachts during the America s Cup World Series ACWS The modifications were held to be an intentional violation of the AC45 one design rules and as the ACWS was deemed to be a part of the America s Cup event a penalty was assessed against Oracle Team USA in the America s Cup Match 22 23 Team New Zealand started the match on 1 due to Oracle s victory in the Qualifier round robinsRecords of winning clubs and skippers editMain article List of yacht clubs that have competed for the America s Cup Winning clubs nbsp New York Yacht Club 25 1 nbsp Royal New Zealand Yacht Squadron 4 3 nbsp San Diego Yacht Club 3 1 nbsp Societe Nautique de Geneve 2 1 nbsp Golden Gate Yacht Club 2 1 nbsp Royal Perth Yacht Club 1 3Multiple winning skippers nbsp Russell Coutts Wins 1995 2000 2003 Won 14 Lost 0 nbsp Dennis Conner Wins 1980 1987 1988 Won 13 Lost 5 nbsp Harold Stirling Vanderbilt Wins 1930 1934 1937 Won 12 Lost 2 nbsp Charlie Barr Wins 1899 1901 1903 Won 9 Lost 0 nbsp Jimmy Spithill Wins 2010 2013 Won 17 Lost 23Reference 25 26 In popular culture editIn 1928 Goodyear chairman Paul W Litchfield began a tradition of naming the company s blimps after America s Cup yachts including America Puritan Mayflower Volunteer Vigilant Defender Reliance Resolute Enterprise Rainbow Ranger Columbia and Stars amp Stripes 27 The 1988 parody film Return of the Killer Tomatoes included background TV coverage of Full Contact America s Cup yacht racing The 1992 film Wind is largely about the America s Cup racing towards the end of the 12 meter era Although the names have been changed it is largely about Dennis Conner s 1980s loss and comeback 28 29 The documentary The Wind Gods 33rd America s Cup 2011 centres around Oracle Team USA s efforts to challenge for the 33rd America s Cup 30 31 David Ellison collaborated with American journalist Julian Guthrie on the film Guthrie later authored The Billionaire and the Mechanic a non fiction book detailing the history of Oracle Team USA In 2021 Australian psychedelic rock band Pond released a single titled America s Cup 32 The song centres around the gentrification of Western Australia and Fremantle the host city of the 1987 America s Cup after Australia s victory of the 1983 America s Cup with the yacht Australia II 33 The music video prominently features the America s Cup trophy being auctioned off to the highest bidder 34 35 In 2022 Netflix released Untold The Race of the Century a film about the Australian team s win in the 1983 race 36 See also editAmerica s Cup Hall of Fame Defender America s Cup Challenger America s Cup Citizen Cup awarded in the defenders series for the America s Cup in 1987 1992 and 1995 Little Americas Cup Thames Sailing Barge Match Italy at the America s CupReferences edit A Brief History of the America s Cup America s Cup Event Authority LLC Archived from the original on 7 February 2021 Retrieved 14 March 2021 America s Cup Encyclopaedia Britannica Archived from the original on 31 March 2017 Retrieved 26 March 2017 About America s Cup Sir Peter Blake Trust 2 August 2014 Archived from the original on 11 December 2015 36th America s Cup Announcement Royal New Zealand Yacht Squadron Archived from the original on 25 July 2017 Retrieved 27 July 2017 America s Cup The rising cost of sailing s ultimate prize Boat International Archived from the original on 4 July 2021 Retrieved 5 September 2019 Newton Casey 3 September 2013 Billionaire death race inside America s Cup and the world s most dangerous sailboat The Verge Archived from the original on 11 July 2017 Retrieved 5 September 2019 Das Andrew 17 March 2021 Team New Zealand Beats Luna Rossa to Win America s Cup The New York Times Archived from the original on 17 March 2021 Retrieved 17 March 2021 10 Oldest Sports Trophies in the World 7 January 2019 Schuyler George Lee Deed of Gift 1 via Wikisource John Rousmaniere 1983 The America s Cup 1851 1983 Pelham Books ISBN 978 0 7207 1503 3 BBC Staff Reporters 2 April 2015 America s Cup Sir Ben Ainslie backs move to smaller boats BBC London Archived from the original on 3 April 2015 Retrieved 3 April 2015 America s Cup boat size row escalates as teams close ranks after Luna Rossa exit The Guardian 3 April 2015 Archived 14 April 2016 at the Wayback Machine A Cup is a Cup by any other name americascup com 5 December 2005 Archived from the original on 3 March 2012 Retrieved 5 May 2012 a b Thomas W Lawson 1902 List of Inscriptions on the America s Cup The Lawson History of the America s Cup Winfield M Thompson Press pp 374 375 ISBN 978 0 907069 40 9 Retrieved 5 May 2012 The America s Cup Controversy America s Cup Chronology Los Angeles Times 29 March 1989 a b c Deed of Gift 1 FindLaw s Court of Appeals of New York case and opinions Findlaw Retrieved 21 March 2023 Chicago s Salts Covet America s Cup The Washington Post The Washington Post Schuyler George Lee Deed of Gift 1 Retrieved 21 March 2023 via Wikisource The Mercury Bay Boating Club Inc Appellant V San Diego Yacht Club Respondent Et Al Defendant New York Yacht Club Intervenor And Another Proceeding Explaining the Challenger of Record Concept gt gt Scuttlebutt Sailing News 30 July 2014 America s Cup champion Oracle docked 2 points Yahoo Sports archived from the original on 6 September 2013 Team Oracle USA penalized as cheating scandal rocks Americas cup The Australian archived from the original on 5 September 2013 retrieved 27 September 2013 France Marvin 27 June 2017 America s Cup Team New Zealand beat Oracle to reclaim Auld Mug in Bermuda Stuff Archived from the original on 3 April 2019 Retrieved 26 June 2017 Who is the greatest America s Cup skipper of all time gt gt Scuttlebutt Sailing News Scuttlebutt Sailing News 16 June 2017 Archived from the original on 24 September 2019 Retrieved 18 October 2019 Most America s Cup Individual appearances Guinness World Records Archived from the original on 25 September 2019 Retrieved 18 October 2019 Goodyear Announces Winner of Nationwide Contest to Name Newest Blimp PR Newswire Association LLC 21 June 2006 Archived from the original on 13 July 2012 Retrieved 17 June 2011 Wind 1992 IMDB Archived from the original on 9 May 2021 Retrieved 31 May 2021 Kempley Rita Wind PG 13 Washington Post Archived from the original on 4 October 2020 Retrieved 31 May 2021 The Wind Gods 2013 IMDB Archived from the original on 2 March 2021 Retrieved 31 May 2021 Southall James 5 January 2016 The Wind Gods Movie Wave Archived from the original on 2 June 2021 Retrieved 31 May 2021 Newstead Al 20 May 2021 POND announce new album with anti gentrification boogie America s Cup ABC Archived from the original on 20 May 2021 Retrieved 31 May 2021 Martin Josh 20 May 2021 Pond announce new album 9 share single America s Cup NME Archived from the original on 2 June 2021 Retrieved 31 May 2021 Pappis Konstantinos 20 May 2021 POND Announce New Album Release New Song America s Cup Our Culture Archived from the original on 2 June 2021 Retrieved 31 May 2021 POND America s Cup Official Video YouTube Archived from the original on 28 May 2021 Retrieved 31 May 2021 Watch Untold The Race of the Century Netflix Official Site Netflix Sources edit America s Cup Yacht Designs 1851 1986 Francois Chevalier amp Jacques Taglang 1987 ISBN 978 2 9502105 0 0 External links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to America s Cup nbsp Wikisource has original text related to this article America s Cup Deed of Gift with amendments and interpretive resolutions Official website America s Cup Hall of Fame Herreshoff Marine Museum Archived from the original on 8 October 2014 Retrieved 24 May 2009 America s Cup news CupInfo com Books about the America s Cup a list of over 800 titles Heckstall Smith Brooke 1911 Yachting The America s Cup Encyclopaedia Britannica 11th ed America s Cup Network Forums 2007AC com Discussion forums for all America s Cup events past present and future Archived from the original on 3 November 2013 8 March 1985 Preparations are already underway for the next America s Cup challenge in Australia itnsource com Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title America 27s Cup amp oldid 1218516946, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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