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Alexander Goldfarb (biologist)

December 04, 2023

Alexander Davidovich Goldfarb (a.k.a. Alex Goldfarb, Russian: Александр Давидович Гольдфарб; born 1947 in Moscow) is a Russian-American microbiologist, activist, and author. He emigrated from the USSR in 1975 and studied in Israel and Germany before settling permanently in New York in 1982. Goldfarb is a naturalized American citizen.[1] He has combined a scientific career as a microbiologist with political and public activities focused on civil liberties and human rights in Russia, in the course of which he has been associated with Andrei Sakharov, George Soros, Boris Berezovsky, and Alexander Litvinenko.[2] He has not visited Russia since 2000.[1]

Alexander Davidovich Goldfarb
Александр Давидович Гольдфарб
Alexander Goldfarb in 2007
Born (1947-05-23) May 23, 1947 (age 76)
Moscow, Russia
Alma materMoscow State University (1969)
Occupation(s)Microbiologist, Activist, Author
Known forCo-founder of Litvinenko Justice Foundation

Scientific career edit

Goldfarb studied biochemistry at Moscow State University and graduated in 1969. After graduation, he worked at the Kurchatov Institute of Atomic Energy in Moscow.[3] He emigrated from the USSR in 1975. He received a Ph.D. in 1980 from the Weizmann Institute in Israel. Back in the west, he continued his research with a post-doctoral program at the Max Planck Institute for Biochemistry in Martinsried, Germany. From 1982 to 1991 he was an assistant professor at Columbia University in New York.[4] From 1992 to 2006 he was a faculty member at the Public Health Research Institute in New York where he led a U.S. government-funded study "Structure and Function of RNA Polymerase in E. coli" with a total budget of $7 million.[5] He also directed the project "Treating Multi-drug-resistant tuberculosis in Siberian Prisons" funded by a $13 million grant from philanthropist George Soros.[6]

Activism edit

After he emigrated, Goldfarb maintained contact with dissidents in the Soviet Union and was a spokesman for Moscow refuseniks.[7] He translated for Andrei Sakharov at press conferences in advance of his 1975 Nobel Peace Prize and helped organize the first American television appearance of Sakharov when Mikhail Gorbachev released the physicist from internal exile.[8][9] From 1984 to 1986 Soviet authorities refused Goldfarb's father permission to leave the USSR after their unsuccessful attempt to make him collaborate and entrap American journalist Nicholas Daniloff.[10][11][12]

Goldfarb was among the first political emigres to return to the Soviet Union after Gorbachev launched his reforms.[13] Impressions of his first visit in October 1987 were published as a cover story in The New York Times magazine under the title "Testing Glasnost. An Exile Visits his Homeland".[14]

The story caught the attention of US philanthropist George Soros, leading to a decade-long association between the two men. According to Soros' biographer Robert Slater, Goldfarb was among the first group of Russian exiles in New York whom Soros invited to brainstorm his potential Foundation in Russia.[15] In 1991 Goldfarb persuaded Soros to donate $100 million to help former Soviet scientists survive the hardships of the economic shock therapy adopted by the Boris Yeltsin government.[16]

From 1992 to 1995, Goldfarb was Director of Operations at Soros' International Science Foundation, which helped sustain tens of thousands of scientists and scholars in the former Soviet Union during the harshest three years of economic reform.[17] In 1994 Goldfarb managed Soros' Russian Internet Project, which built infrastructure and provided free Internet access for university campuses across Russia.[18] That project created a controversy because of a conflict with emerging Russian commercial interests in the ISP field.[19] In 1995, during the first months of the First Chechen War, Goldfarb oversaw a Soros-funded relief operation, which ended disastrously with the disappearance of the American relief worker Fred Cuny.[20] From 1998 to 2000 Goldfarb directed the $15 million Soros tuberculosis project in Russia.[21] He worked with Dr. Paul Farmer to battle TB in Russian prisons, an endeavor described by the Pulitzer Prize winner Tracy Kidder in his book Mountains Beyond Mountains.[22]

Since 2001 Goldfarb has been Executive Director of the New York-based International Foundation for Civil Liberties, founded and financed by the exiled Russian oligarch Boris Berezovsky.[23]

Involvement in the Litvinenko affair edit

Goldfarb first met Alexander Litvinenko during his tuberculosis project in Russian prisons. In October 2000, at the request of Boris Berezovsky, Goldfarb visited Turkey where he met Litvinenko and his family, who had just fled from Russia.[3] Goldfarb arranged their entry to the United Kingdom, an offense under British law, for which he was banned from visiting Britain for a year.[1] His involvement would also "cost him his job with George Soros."[24]

When Litvinenko was poisoned in London in 2006, Goldfarb was his unofficial spokesman during the two last weeks of his life [25] On the day of Litvinenko's death, Goldfarb read out his deathbed statement accusing Vladimir Putin of ordering the poisoning.[26]

Goldfarb later explained in interviews that he had drafted the statement at Litvinenko's request and that Litvinenko had signed it in the presence of a lawyer.[1] With Berezovsky, Litvinenko's widow Marina, and the human rights lawyer Louise Christian, Goldfarb founded the Litvinenko Justice Foundation to campaign for the truth about his murder, and for the perpetrators to be brought to justice. [27] He later testified in a libel suit, in which Berezovsky successfully contested the claim by Russian state television station RTR (now Russia 1) that he had murdered Litvinenko.[28][29]

Libel lawsuit against Russian TV channels edit

Following the attack on Sergei Skripal in Salisbury, UK on March 4, 2018, Russian TV network coverage of the incident named Goldfarb as the murderer of Alexander Litvinenko in 2006.[30] Goldfarb sued two Russian TV channels, Channel One Russia and RT, for libel in US.[31] The case is pending in US District Court for the Southern District of New York.[32] On March 4, 2020, U.S. District Judge Valerie Caproni denied a motion to dismiss the case, ruling that New York had personal jurisdiction over the matter because Channel One Russia maintains a Manhattan studio where correspondent Zhanna Agalakova interviewed Goldfarb in relation to the allegedly defamatory story.[33]

Writings edit

Goldfarb has written for the editorial pages of The New York Times,[34][35] The Washington Post,[36][37][38] The Wall Street Journal,[39] The Daily Telegraph,[40] and The Moscow Times.[41] He helped Litvinenko to prepare his book Lubyanka Criminal Group for publication.[42] With Marina Litvinenko, he later co-authored the book "Death of a Dissident: The Poisoning of Alexander Litvinenko and the Return of the KGB", published in Russian as "Sasha, Volodya, Boris....The Story of a Murder." (Russian)Александр Гольдфарб – о Путине и Литвиненко, Алекс Гольдфарб представляет книгу “Саша, Володя, Борис. История убийства”.

His books edit

  • Alex Goldfarb and Marina Litvinenko. Death of a Dissident: The Poisoning of Alexander Litvinenko and the Return of the KGB. Free Press, New York, 2007. ISBN 978-1-4165-5165-2.

Appearances on TV edit

  • Charlie Rose –
  • BBC Hardtalk – Marina Litvinenko

In popular culture edit

In the 2022 ITVX miniseries Litvinenko, Goldfarb was portrayed by Mark Ivanir.[43]

References edit

  1. ^ a b c d Alex Goldfarb, with Marina Litvinenko Death of a Dissident: The Poisoning of Alexander Litvinenko and the Return of the KGB, The Free Press, 2007, ISBN 1-4165-5165-4.
  2. ^ "Гольдфарб, Алекс". Lenta.ru. Retrieved 2013-07-11.
  3. ^ a b . litvinenko.org.uk. April 14, 2009. Archived from the original on 2009-04-14., Litvinenko Justice Foundation
  4. ^ Newark, New Jersey: The Public Health Research Institute Center, New Jersey Medical School. Archived from the original on 2008-04-04.
  5. ^ "Patient Crossroad – In Home Healthcare and Elder Care". Patient Crossroad.
  6. ^ . Newark, New Jersey: The Public Health Research Institute Center, New Jersey Medical School. Archived from the original on 2003-06-27.
  7. ^ Beckerman, Gal (2010-09-23). When They Come for Us, We'll Be Gone: The Epic Struggle to Save Soviet Jewry – Gal Beckerman – Google Books. ISBN 9780547504438. Retrieved 2013-07-11.
  8. ^ Soviet Dissident Credits Westerners For His Emigration, by Clark Mason, The Harvard Crimson, October 30, 1975
  9. ^ ALEXANDER GOLDFARB TALKS WITH SOVIET DISSIDENT & FRIEND SAKHAROV 2016-01-29 at the Wayback Machine, December 26, 1986, NBC News
  10. ^ "KGB Failed in Bid to Frame Detained Journalist in '84, Soviet Emigre Asserts". Los Angeles Times. September 1, 1986.
  11. ^ "Soviets Offering New Deal For Daniloff". Chicago Tribune. September 25, 1986.
  12. ^ Soviets Free Dissident Who Refused to Entrap Daniloff: Hammer's Jet Brings Him to U.S., Los Angeles Times, October 16, 1986
  13. ^ Barringer, Felicity (October 22, 1987). "On Ex-Dissident's Visit, Amazement in Moscow". The New York Times.
  14. ^ Goldfarb, Alex (December 6, 1987). "TESTING GLASNOST". The New York Times.
  15. ^ . Scribd.com. Archived from the original on 2013-11-10. Retrieved 2013-07-11.
  16. ^ Soros Foundation/Open Society Institute (1992). (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-03-08. Retrieved 2011-07-25 – via cspcs.sanford.duke.edu.
  17. ^ Bohlen, Celestine (December 10, 1992). "American Vows Millions to Ex-Soviet Science". The New York Times.
  18. ^ Allakhverdov, A. (1996-08-02). "Internet: High-Speed Network Will Link Russia's Far-Flung Universities". Science. Sciencemag.org. 273 (5275): 594–0. doi:10.1126/science.273.5275.594. S2CID 167409122. Retrieved 2013-07-11.
  19. ^ . Archived from the original on 2011-05-26. Retrieved 2011-07-25.
  20. ^ "The Lost American – Tapes & Transcripts | FRONTLINE". PBS. 1993-10-03. Retrieved 2013-07-11.
  21. ^ "Google Drive Viewer". Retrieved 2013-07-11.
  22. ^ Kidder, Tracy (January 28, 2001). "Mission impossible (part two)". The Guardian. London.
  23. ^ Penketh, Anne (July 6, 2007). . The Independent. London. Archived from the original on May 13, 2008.
  24. ^ Masha Gessen, The Man Without a Face: The Unlikely Rise of Vladimir Putin, Riverhead Books (Penguin Group): New York, NY 2012, ISBN 978-1-59448-842-9.
  25. ^ Litvinenko poisoning: the main players, The Guardian, 24 November 2006.
  26. ^ "Spy's death-bed Putin accusation". BBC News. November 24, 2006.
  27. ^ Alan Cowell (April 3, 2007). "Foundation Set Up to Seek Justice for Ex-K.G.B. Spy]". New York Times.
  28. ^ (PDF). carter-ruck.com. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-05-12. Retrieved 2011-07-26.
  29. ^ "Berezovsky wins poison libel case". BBC News. March 10, 2010.
  30. ^ Harding, Luke (2018-06-22). "Litvinenko widow threatens to sue RT over 'libellous' claims". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 2020-02-04.
  31. ^ Knight, Amy (2018-09-06). "Russian TV Under the Gun in American Court for Its Litvinenko Murder Allegations". The Daily Beast. Retrieved 2020-02-04.
  32. ^ Beast), Cathy Fenlon (The Daily. "Goldfarb Complaint". www.documentcloud.org. Retrieved 2020-02-04.
  33. ^ "U.S. Court to Hear Case Against Russian State TV Over 'Defamatory' Coverage of Murdered Dissident". lawandcrime.com. 5 March 2020. Retrieved 2020-03-07.
  34. ^ Goldfarb, Alex (November 20, 1986). "Gorbachev Loosens the Screws a Bit". The New York Times.
  35. ^ "Putin and the Victim". The New York Times. July 4, 2007.
  36. ^ Goldfarb, Alex (January 11, 1987). "What Should We Make of Gorbachev?".
  37. ^ Goldfarb, Alex (November 2, 1987). "Emigrating From Russia; It's an issue that Reagan and Gorbachev should negotiate at the summit".[permanent dead link]
  38. ^ Goldfarb, Alex (May 10, 1988). . Archived from the original on November 7, 2012. Retrieved July 5, 2017.
  39. ^ . litvinenko.org.uk. Archived from the original on 2011-10-01. Retrieved 2011-07-25.
  40. ^ Goldfarb, Alex (July 18, 2007). "The new Stalins must be kept in check". The Daily Telegraph. London.
  41. ^ "Archived item". Archived from the original on 2012-07-28. Retrieved 2011-07-25.
  42. ^ A. Litvinenko and A. Goldfarb. Lubyanka Criminal Group (in Russian) GRANI, New York, 2002. ISBN 978-0-9723878-0-4.
  43. ^ "Meet the cast of Litvinenko". Radio Times. 19 June 2023. Retrieved 6 August 2023.

December 04, 2023
alexander, goldfarb, biologist, alexander, davidovich, goldfarb, alex, goldfarb, russian, Александр, Давидович, Гольдфарб, born, 1947, moscow, russian, american, microbiologist, activist, author, emigrated, from, ussr, 1975, studied, israel, germany, before, s. Alexander Davidovich Goldfarb a k a Alex Goldfarb Russian Aleksandr Davidovich Goldfarb born 1947 in Moscow is a Russian American microbiologist activist and author He emigrated from the USSR in 1975 and studied in Israel and Germany before settling permanently in New York in 1982 Goldfarb is a naturalized American citizen 1 He has combined a scientific career as a microbiologist with political and public activities focused on civil liberties and human rights in Russia in the course of which he has been associated with Andrei Sakharov George Soros Boris Berezovsky and Alexander Litvinenko 2 He has not visited Russia since 2000 1 Alexander Davidovich GoldfarbAleksandr Davidovich GoldfarbAlexander Goldfarb in 2007Born 1947 05 23 May 23 1947 age 76 Moscow RussiaAlma materMoscow State University 1969 Occupation s Microbiologist Activist AuthorKnown forCo founder of Litvinenko Justice Foundation Contents 1 Scientific career 2 Activism 3 Involvement in the Litvinenko affair 4 Libel lawsuit against Russian TV channels 5 Writings 6 His books 7 Appearances on TV 8 In popular culture 9 ReferencesScientific career editGoldfarb studied biochemistry at Moscow State University and graduated in 1969 After graduation he worked at the Kurchatov Institute of Atomic Energy in Moscow 3 He emigrated from the USSR in 1975 He received a Ph D in 1980 from the Weizmann Institute in Israel Back in the west he continued his research with a post doctoral program at the Max Planck Institute for Biochemistry in Martinsried Germany From 1982 to 1991 he was an assistant professor at Columbia University in New York 4 From 1992 to 2006 he was a faculty member at the Public Health Research Institute in New York where he led a U S government funded study Structure and Function of RNA Polymerase in E coli with a total budget of 7 million 5 He also directed the project Treating Multi drug resistant tuberculosis in Siberian Prisons funded by a 13 million grant from philanthropist George Soros 6 Activism editAfter he emigrated Goldfarb maintained contact with dissidents in the Soviet Union and was a spokesman for Moscow refuseniks 7 He translated for Andrei Sakharov at press conferences in advance of his 1975 Nobel Peace Prize and helped organize the first American television appearance of Sakharov when Mikhail Gorbachev released the physicist from internal exile 8 9 From 1984 to 1986 Soviet authorities refused Goldfarb s father permission to leave the USSR after their unsuccessful attempt to make him collaborate and entrap American journalist Nicholas Daniloff 10 11 12 Goldfarb was among the first political emigres to return to the Soviet Union after Gorbachev launched his reforms 13 Impressions of his first visit in October 1987 were published as a cover story in The New York Times magazine under the title Testing Glasnost An Exile Visits his Homeland 14 The story caught the attention of US philanthropist George Soros leading to a decade long association between the two men According to Soros biographer Robert Slater Goldfarb was among the first group of Russian exiles in New York whom Soros invited to brainstorm his potential Foundation in Russia 15 In 1991 Goldfarb persuaded Soros to donate 100 million to help former Soviet scientists survive the hardships of the economic shock therapy adopted by the Boris Yeltsin government 16 From 1992 to 1995 Goldfarb was Director of Operations at Soros International Science Foundation which helped sustain tens of thousands of scientists and scholars in the former Soviet Union during the harshest three years of economic reform 17 In 1994 Goldfarb managed Soros Russian Internet Project which built infrastructure and provided free Internet access for university campuses across Russia 18 That project created a controversy because of a conflict with emerging Russian commercial interests in the ISP field 19 In 1995 during the first months of the First Chechen War Goldfarb oversaw a Soros funded relief operation which ended disastrously with the disappearance of the American relief worker Fred Cuny 20 From 1998 to 2000 Goldfarb directed the 15 million Soros tuberculosis project in Russia 21 He worked with Dr Paul Farmer to battle TB in Russian prisons an endeavor described by the Pulitzer Prize winner Tracy Kidder in his book Mountains Beyond Mountains 22 Since 2001 Goldfarb has been Executive Director of the New York based International Foundation for Civil Liberties founded and financed by the exiled Russian oligarch Boris Berezovsky 23 Involvement in the Litvinenko affair editGoldfarb first met Alexander Litvinenko during his tuberculosis project in Russian prisons In October 2000 at the request of Boris Berezovsky Goldfarb visited Turkey where he met Litvinenko and his family who had just fled from Russia 3 Goldfarb arranged their entry to the United Kingdom an offense under British law for which he was banned from visiting Britain for a year 1 His involvement would also cost him his job with George Soros 24 When Litvinenko was poisoned in London in 2006 Goldfarb was his unofficial spokesman during the two last weeks of his life 25 On the day of Litvinenko s death Goldfarb read out his deathbed statement accusing Vladimir Putin of ordering the poisoning 26 Goldfarb later explained in interviews that he had drafted the statement at Litvinenko s request and that Litvinenko had signed it in the presence of a lawyer 1 With Berezovsky Litvinenko s widow Marina and the human rights lawyer Louise Christian Goldfarb founded the Litvinenko Justice Foundation to campaign for the truth about his murder and for the perpetrators to be brought to justice 27 He later testified in a libel suit in which Berezovsky successfully contested the claim by Russian state television station RTR now Russia 1 that he had murdered Litvinenko 28 29 Libel lawsuit against Russian TV channels editFollowing the attack on Sergei Skripal in Salisbury UK on March 4 2018 Russian TV network coverage of the incident named Goldfarb as the murderer of Alexander Litvinenko in 2006 30 Goldfarb sued two Russian TV channels Channel One Russia and RT for libel in US 31 The case is pending in US District Court for the Southern District of New York 32 On March 4 2020 U S District Judge Valerie Caproni denied a motion to dismiss the case ruling that New York had personal jurisdiction over the matter because Channel One Russia maintains a Manhattan studio where correspondent Zhanna Agalakova interviewed Goldfarb in relation to the allegedly defamatory story 33 Writings editGoldfarb has written for the editorial pages of The New York Times 34 35 The Washington Post 36 37 38 The Wall Street Journal 39 The Daily Telegraph 40 and The Moscow Times 41 He helped Litvinenko to prepare his book Lubyanka Criminal Group for publication 42 With Marina Litvinenko he later co authored the book Death of a Dissident The Poisoning of Alexander Litvinenko and the Return of the KGB published in Russian as Sasha Volodya Boris The Story of a Murder Russian Aleksandr Goldfarb o Putine i Litvinenko Aleks Goldfarb predstavlyaet knigu Sasha Volodya Boris Istoriya ubijstva His books editAlex Goldfarb and Marina Litvinenko Death of a Dissident The Poisoning of Alexander Litvinenko and the Return of the KGB Free Press New York 2007 ISBN 978 1 4165 5165 2 Appearances on TV editCharlie Rose A conversation with Marina Litvinenko and Alex Goldfarb BBC Hardtalk Marina LitvinenkoIn popular culture editIn the 2022 ITVX miniseries Litvinenko Goldfarb was portrayed by Mark Ivanir 43 References edit a b c d Alex Goldfarb with Marina Litvinenko Death of a Dissident The Poisoning of Alexander Litvinenko and the Return of the KGB The Free Press 2007 ISBN 1 4165 5165 4 Goldfarb Aleks Lenta ru Retrieved 2013 07 11 a b Founders Alex Goldfarb litvinenko org uk April 14 2009 Archived from the original on 2009 04 14 Litvinenko Justice Foundation Alexander Goldfarb Ph D Newark New Jersey The Public Health Research Institute Center New Jersey Medical School Archived from the original on 2008 04 04 Patient Crossroad In Home Healthcare and Elder Care Patient Crossroad The PHRI Soros Russian TB Program Treating MDRTB in Siberian Prisons Newark New Jersey The Public Health Research Institute Center New Jersey Medical School Archived from the original on 2003 06 27 Beckerman Gal 2010 09 23 When They Come for Us We ll Be Gone The Epic Struggle to Save Soviet Jewry Gal Beckerman Google Books ISBN 9780547504438 Retrieved 2013 07 11 Soviet Dissident Credits Westerners For His Emigration by Clark Mason The Harvard Crimson October 30 1975 ALEXANDER GOLDFARB TALKS WITH SOVIET DISSIDENT amp FRIEND SAKHAROV Archived 2016 01 29 at the Wayback Machine December 26 1986 NBC News KGB Failed in Bid to Frame Detained Journalist in 84 Soviet Emigre Asserts Los Angeles Times September 1 1986 Soviets Offering New Deal For Daniloff Chicago Tribune September 25 1986 Soviets Free Dissident Who Refused to Entrap Daniloff Hammer s Jet Brings Him to U S Los Angeles Times October 16 1986 Barringer Felicity October 22 1987 On Ex Dissident s Visit Amazement in Moscow The New York Times Goldfarb Alex December 6 1987 TESTING GLASNOST The New York Times George Soros The Unauthorized Biography Robert Slater Scribd com Archived from the original on 2013 11 10 Retrieved 2013 07 11 Soros Foundation Open Society Institute 1992 Case 79 International Science Foundation PDF Archived from the original PDF on 2012 03 08 Retrieved 2011 07 25 via cspcs sanford duke edu Bohlen Celestine December 10 1992 American Vows Millions to Ex Soviet Science The New York Times Allakhverdov A 1996 08 02 Internet High Speed Network Will Link Russia s Far Flung Universities Science Sciencemag org 273 5275 594 0 doi 10 1126 science 273 5275 594 S2CID 167409122 Retrieved 2013 07 11 COOK Report Study Finds Soros ISF Embroiled in Russian Networking Controversy Archived from the original on 2011 05 26 Retrieved 2011 07 25 The Lost American Tapes amp Transcripts FRONTLINE PBS 1993 10 03 Retrieved 2013 07 11 Google Drive Viewer Retrieved 2013 07 11 Kidder Tracy January 28 2001 Mission impossible part two The Guardian London Penketh Anne July 6 2007 Death of a Dissident by Alex Goldfarb amp Marina Litvinenko The Independent London Archived from the original on May 13 2008 Masha Gessen The Man Without a Face The Unlikely Rise of Vladimir Putin Riverhead Books Penguin Group New York NY 2012 ISBN 978 1 59448 842 9 Litvinenko poisoning the main players The Guardian 24 November 2006 Spy s death bed Putin accusation BBC News November 24 2006 Alan Cowell April 3 2007 Foundation Set Up to Seek Justice for Ex K G B Spy New York Times Neutral Citation Number 2010 EWHC 476 QB Case No HQ07X01481 PDF carter ruck com Archived from the original PDF on 2013 05 12 Retrieved 2011 07 26 Berezovsky wins poison libel case BBC News March 10 2010 Harding Luke 2018 06 22 Litvinenko widow threatens to sue RT over libellous claims The Guardian ISSN 0261 3077 Retrieved 2020 02 04 Knight Amy 2018 09 06 Russian TV Under the Gun in American Court for Its Litvinenko Murder Allegations The Daily Beast Retrieved 2020 02 04 Beast Cathy Fenlon The Daily Goldfarb Complaint www documentcloud org Retrieved 2020 02 04 U S Court to Hear Case Against Russian State TV Over Defamatory Coverage of Murdered Dissident lawandcrime com 5 March 2020 Retrieved 2020 03 07 Goldfarb Alex November 20 1986 Gorbachev Loosens the Screws a Bit The New York Times Putin and the Victim The New York Times July 4 2007 Goldfarb Alex January 11 1987 What Should We Make of Gorbachev Goldfarb Alex November 2 1987 Emigrating From Russia It s an issue that Reagan and Gorbachev should negotiate at the summit permanent dead link Goldfarb Alex May 10 1988 Gorbachev Still A Long Way to Go Archived from the original on November 7 2012 Retrieved July 5 2017 The Litvinenko case in quotes litvinenko org uk Archived from the original on 2011 10 01 Retrieved 2011 07 25 Goldfarb Alex July 18 2007 The new Stalins must be kept in check The Daily Telegraph London Archived item Archived from the original on 2012 07 28 Retrieved 2011 07 25 A Litvinenko and A Goldfarb Lubyanka Criminal Group in Russian GRANI New York 2002 ISBN 978 0 9723878 0 4 Meet the cast of Litvinenko Radio Times 19 June 2023 Retrieved 6 August 2023 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Alexander Goldfarb biologist amp oldid 1170332680, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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